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Yatzidis H. A New Stable Bicarbonate Dialysis Solution for Peritoneal Dialysis: Preliminary Report. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089101100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the use of glycylglycine to prepare dialysis solution containing bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium. Bicarbonate with glycylglycine form a buffer with a constant pH of 7.35, which prevents reaction with calcium or magnesium and the formation of insoluble carbonate salts. This bicarbonate-based solution is stable over long periods and can be used with the same simplicity and convenience as lactate solution for peritoneal dialysis (PD) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hippocrates Yatzidis
- Nephrological Center, University of Athens School of Medicine Aretaieon Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Jiang W, Chen L, Hu N, Yuan S, Li B, Liu Z. A novel serine hydroxymethyltransferase from Arthrobacter nicotianae: characterization and improving catalytic efficiency by rational design. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:93. [PMID: 25394480 PMCID: PMC4260256 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-014-0093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is the key enzyme in L-serine enzymatic production, suggesting the importance of obtaining a SHMT with high activity. RESULTS Here, a novel SHMT gene, glyA, was obtained through degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR and encoded a novel SHMT with 54.3% similarity to the known SHMT from Escherichia coli. The obtained protein AnSHMT showed the optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 7.5, and was more stable in weakly alkali conditions (pH 6.5-8.5) than Hyphomicrobium methylovorum's SHMT (pH 6.0-7.5), In order to improve the catalytic efficiency of the wild type, the site-directed mutagenesis based on sequences alignment and bioinformatics prediction, was used and the catalytic efficiency of the mutant I249L was found to be 2.78-fold higher than that of the wild-type, with the replacement of isoleucine by leucine at the 249 position. CONCLUSIONS This research provides useful information about the interesting site, and the application of DOP-PCR in cloning a novel glyA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Nan Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, P. R. China.
| | - Shaohui Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
| | - Ziduo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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Jiang W, Xia B, Liu Z. A serine hydroxymethyltransferase from marine bacterium Shewanella algae: Isolation, purification, characterization and l-serine production. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:477-84. [PMID: 23632047 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, l-serine is mainly produced by enzymatic conversion, in which serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is the key enzyme, suggesting the importance of searching for a SHMT with high activity. Shewanella algae, a methanol-utilizing marine bacterium showing high SHMT activity, was selected based on screening bacterial strains and comparison of the activities of SHMTs. A glyA was isolated from the S. algae through thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) and it encoded a 417 amino acid polypeptide. The SaSHMT, encoded by the glyA, showed the optimal activity at 50°C and pH 7.0, and retained over 45% of its maximal activity after incubation at 40°C for 3h. The enzyme showed better stability under alkaline environment (pH 6.5-9.0) than Hyphomicrobium methylovorum GM2's SHMT (pH 6.0-7.5). The SaSHMT can produce 77.76mM of l-serine by enzymatic conversion, with the molecular conversion rate in catalyzing glycine to l-serine being 1.41-fold higher than that of Escherichia coli. Therefore, the SaSHMT has the potential for industrial applications due to its tolerance of alkaline environment and a relatively high enzymatic conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Blakley RL. A spectrophotometric study of the reaction catalysed by serine transhydroxymethylase. Biochem J 2006; 77:459-65. [PMID: 16748851 PMCID: PMC1205057 DOI: 10.1042/bj0770459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R L Blakley
- Department of Biochemistry, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia
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Kalbermatten R, Städeli W, Bieri JH, Viscontini M. Über Pterinchemie. 79. Mitteilung.13C-und15N-NMR.-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an der (6RS)-5, 10-Methylen-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-L-folsäure; eindeutiger Beweis ihrer Struktur. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19810640821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
The above reactions involving "active formyl" and "active hydroxymethyl" groups, their interconversion, their connections with free HCOOH and HCHO, and their interdigitation with methyl groups are diagrammed in Fig. 1.
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BLAKLEY RL. The reaction of tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid and related hydropteridines with formaldehyde. Biochem J 1998; 72:707-15. [PMID: 13801273 PMCID: PMC1196996 DOI: 10.1042/bj0720707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Myers, W. F. (University of Kansas, Lawrence) and D. Paretsky. Synthesis of serine by Coxiella burnetii. J. Bacteriol. 82:761-763. 1961.-Enzyme preparations from suspensions of purified Coxiella burnetii are capable of synthesizing serine from formaldehyde and glycine-2-C(14) in the presence of tetrahydrofolic acid. Evidence for the reaction is obtained by isolating and identifying radioactive serine and serine derivatives. The data suggest a role for folic acid in these rickettsiae, and extend the knowledge of host-independent biosynthetic competencies of these highly parasitic microorganisms.
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von Philipsborn W, Müller R. 15N-NMR-Spektroskopie — neue Methoden und ihre Anwendung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19860980504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Evidence from chemical degradation studies for a covalent bond from 5-fluoro-2‘-deoxyuridylate to N-5 of tetrahydrofolate in the ternary complex of thymidylate synthetase-5-fluoro-2‘-deoxyuridylate-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Finn RD, Boothe TE, Vora MM, Hildner JC, Emran AM, Kothari PJ. Syntheses with isotopically labelled carbon. Methyl iodide, formaldehyde and cyanide. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1984; 35:323-35. [PMID: 6376373 DOI: 10.1016/0020-708x(84)90036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many of the uniquely labelled synthetic precursors currently employed in the design of sophisticated radiolabelled compounds have their origins in the field of hot atom chemistry. Particularly, the development during the past few years of automated, on-line synthetic procedures which combine the nuclear reaction, hot atom and classical chemistry, and rapid purification methods has allowed the incorporation of useful radionuclides into suitable compounds of chemical and biochemical interest. The application of isotopically labelled methyl iodide, formaldehyde, and cyanide anion as synthetic intermediates in research involving human physiology and nuclear medicine, as well as their contributions to other scientific methodology, is reviewed.
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Danenberg PV. Thymidylate synthetase - a target enzyme in cancer chemotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 1977; 473:73-92. [PMID: 145246 DOI: 10.1016/0304-419x(77)90001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Coon CN, Sowers A, Couch JR. Effect of various concentrations of protein in chick diet upon the metabolic enzymes of glycine and serine. Poult Sci 1975; 54:1461-7. [PMID: 171639 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0541461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of feeding low protein diets with and without 2% glycine or 2% L-serine to chicks upon the enzymes concerned in the matabolism of glycine and serine has been determined. D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.s), hosphoserine phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.3), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) activities were significantly increased in livers from chicks fed 75% protein diets as compared to liver enzyme activities from chicks fed either 24% chick starter, 2% or 25% protein diets. Phosphoserine phosphatase activity was significantly higher in kidney tissue of chicks fed 75% protein diets. Livers from chicks fed 25% protein diets had a higher activity for D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and phosphoserine phosphatase than did those fed chick starter or 2% protein diets. D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and phosphoserine phosphatase activities were higher in livers from chicks fed 2% protein, 2% protein + 2% glycine, and 2% protein + 2% L-serine diets when compared to those from chicks fed low protein diets with supplemental methionine or cysteine. Serine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.13), glycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.29) and hydroxypyruvate-P: L-glutamate transaminase activities remained constant in livers from chicks fed all experimental diets. The uric acid concentration was significantly increased in plasma from chicks fed the high protein diets which suggests that D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, phosphoserine phosphatase and serine hydroxymethyltransferase activities were increased because of the high requirement for glycine in uric acid formation. The 75% protein diet provided three times as much glycine as the 25% protein diet which may have met the increased need for glycine for uric acid formation.
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Abstract
Day-old broiler type chicks were fed a practical starter ration for three weeks, sacrificed and the D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.s), phosphoserine phosphatase (E.C.3.1.3.3.), glycerate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.29), hydroxypyruvate-P: glutamate transaminase, serine transhydroxymethylase (E.C.2.1.2.1), and serine dehydratase (E.C.4.2.1.13) enzyme activities were determined in liver, kidney, heart, spleen and brain tissue in evaluating glycine and serine metabolism. The distribution of the various glycine and serine biosynthetic enzymes in the chick tissues studied show that the major portion of glycine and serine synthesis occurs in hepatic tissue via the "phosphorylated pathway".
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17
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Rabbani A, Akrabawi S, Daghir NJ. Effect of dietary folic acid deficiency on serine-glycine interconversion and the activity of liver serine hydroxymethyl transferase in the chick. Poult Sci 1973; 52:1962-7. [PMID: 4760745 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0521962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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18
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Viscontini M, Bieri J. �ber Pterinchemie. 39. Mitteilung. Zur Frage des ?aktiven Formaldehyds? Wird durch Formaldehyd-Anlagerung an Tetrahydrofols�ureanaloge ein Imidazolidinring gebildet? Helv Chim Acta 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19720550105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Piepho RW, Friedman AH. Twenty-four hour rhythms in the glycine content of rat hindbrain and spinal cord. LIFE SCIENCES. PT. 1: PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1971; 10:1355-62. [PMID: 5144296 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(71)90336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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20
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Curtis DR, Hösli L, Johnston GA. A pharmacological study of the depression of spinal neurones by glycine and related amino acids. Exp Brain Res 1968; 6:1-18. [PMID: 5721755 DOI: 10.1007/bf00235443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Bertino JR, Hillcoat BL. Regulation of dihydrofolate reductase and other folate-requiring enzymes. ADVANCES IN ENZYME REGULATION 1968; 6:335-49. [PMID: 4888607 DOI: 10.1016/0065-2571(68)90021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Biellmann JF, Schuber F. The stereochemistry of the incorporation of formate-3H into L-serine in rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1967; 27:517-22. [PMID: 6033134 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(67)80017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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KNAUFF HG, SEYBOLD D, KANTERS A. Freie Plasmaaminos�uren und Blutammoniak nach oraler Proteinzufuhr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965; 43:382-90. [PMID: 14291096 DOI: 10.1007/bf01484659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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HAURANI FI, TOCANTINS LM. CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964; 8:778-804. [PMID: 14159253 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1964.10663758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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The Influence of Glucose on Amino Acid Carbon Incorporation into Proteins, Fatty Acids, and Carbon Dioxide by Lactating Rat Mammary Gland Slices. J Biol Chem 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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26
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LUHBY AL, COOPERMAN JM. Folic Acid Deficiency in Man and Its Interrelationship with Vitamin B12 Metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964; 15:263-334. [PMID: 14169402 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-6748-0.50013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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27
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Santini R, Sheehy TW, Butterworth CE. Urinary excretion of glycine in tropical sprue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02232326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Schirch LV, Mason M. Serine Transhydroxymethylase: Spectral Properties of the Enzyme-bound Pyridoxal-5-phosphate. J Biol Chem 1962. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)73791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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PERAULT AM, PULLMAN B. Structure électronique et mode d'action des antimétabolites de l'acide folique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961; 52:266-80. [PMID: 14485201 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(61)90676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Slavíková V, Slavík K. On the mechanism of action of some 4-aminoanalogues of folic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1961. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02160816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Whiteley H. The distribution of the formate activating enzyme and other enzymes involving tetrahydrofolic acid in animal tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960. [DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(60)90026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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NORONHA JM, SREENIVASAN A. In vitro conversion of pteroylglutamic acid to citrovorum factor by rat liver enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960; 44:64-71. [PMID: 13729587 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(60)91523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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MANCHESTER KL. Synthesis of amino acids from carboxylic acids by isolated rat diaphragm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960; 38:555-6. [PMID: 14420496 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(60)91293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Olsen S. Wirkung des 3.5.5-Tris-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-desoxy-patulins�urelactons auf Penicillium sp. Naturwissenschaften 1960. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00628727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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FOLEY GE, MODEST EJ, CATALDO JR, RILEY HD. Chemical and biological studies on 1:2-dihydro-s-trtazines—XIII. Biochem Pharmacol 1959; 3:18-30. [PMID: 13823722 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(59)90004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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42
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Jaenicke L, Brode E. Modelluntersuchungen zur biologischen Aktivierung der Einkohlenstoff-Einheiten, IN.N′-Diaryl-äthylendiamine als Modelle der Tetrahydrofolsäure in nicht-enzymatischen Reaktionen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1959. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19596240111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Abstract
Glycine and formaldehyde are converted into serine in the presence of a dialyzed, lyophilized enzyme preparation from corn seedlings, with tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid and pyridoxal phosphate as coenzymes. The equilibrium constant of the reaction was calculated for the system at 37.5 °C as K = 3.1 × 103. The pH activity curve showed a maximum between 6.6 and 7.0. The effects of the concentrations of the coenzymes were studied. The glycine–serine interconverting enzyme is present throughout the seedling and occurs exclusively in the soluble fraction of the cells.
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44
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Schulman MP, Richert DA. The Oxidation of Glycine and Formate to CO2 by Rat Liver Homogenates. J Biol Chem 1959. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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45
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Abstract
Glycine and formaldehyde are converted into serine in the presence of a dialyzed, lyophilized enzyme preparation from corn seedlings, with tetrahydropteroylglutamic acid and pyridoxal phosphate as coenzymes. The equilibrium constant of the reaction was calculated for the system at 37.5 °C as K = 3.1 × 103. The pH activity curve showed a maximum between 6.6 and 7.0. The effects of the concentrations of the coenzymes were studied. The glycine–serine interconverting enzyme is present throughout the seedling and occurs exclusively in the soluble fraction of the cells.
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46
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HUMPHREYS GK, GREENBERG DM. Studies on the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by a soluble extract from rat thymus. Arch Biochem Biophys 1958; 78:275-87. [PMID: 13618009 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(58)90351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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