1
|
Xiong W, Ge H, Shen C, Li C, Zhang X, Tang L, Shen Y, Lu S, Zhang H, Wang Z. PRSS37 deficiency leads to impaired energy metabolism in testis and sperm revealed by DIA-based quantitative proteomic analysis. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:145-168. [PMID: 35471551 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have reported that a putative trypsin-like serine protease, PRSS37, is exclusively expressed in testicular germ cells during late spermatogenesis and essential for sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct and sperm-egg recognition via mediating the interaction between PDILT and ADAM3. In the present study, the global proteome profiles of wild-type (wt) and Prss37-/- mice in testis and sperm were compared employing data independent acquisition (DIA) technology. Overall, 2506 and 459 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in Prss37-null testis and sperm, respectively, when compared to control groups. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that most of DEPs were related to energy metabolism. Of note, the DEPs associated with pathways for the catabolism such as glucose via glycolysis, fatty acids via β-oxidation, and amino acids via oxidative deamination were significantly down-regulated. Meanwhile, the DEPs involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were remarkably decreased. The DIA data were further confirmed by a markedly reduction of intermediate metabolites (citrate and fumarate) in TCA cycle and terminal metabolite (ATP) in OXPHOS system after disruption of PRSS37. These outcomes not only provide a more comprehensive understanding of the male fertility of energy metabolism modulated by PRSS37 but also furnish a dynamic proteomic resource for further reproductive biology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chaojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maruyama SR, Fuzo CA, Oliveira AER, Rogerio LA, Takamiya NT, Pessenda G, de Melo EV, da Silva AM, Jesus AR, Carregaro V, Nakaya HI, Almeida RP, da Silva JS. Insight Into the Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Coexpression Profile in the Human Blood Transcriptome Upon Leishmania infantum Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:784463. [PMID: 35370994 PMCID: PMC8965071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne infectious disease that can be potentially fatal if left untreated. In Brazil, it is caused by Leishmania infantum parasites. Blood transcriptomics allows us to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathological processes of several clinical conditions, namely, parasitic diseases. Here, we performed mRNA sequencing of peripheral blood from patients with visceral leishmaniasis during the active phase of the disease and six months after successful treatment, when the patients were considered clinically cured. To strengthen the study, the RNA-seq data analysis included two other non-diseased groups composed of healthy uninfected volunteers and asymptomatic individuals. We identified thousands of differentially expressed genes between VL patients and non-diseased groups. Overall, pathway analysis corroborated the importance of signaling involving interferons, chemokines, Toll-like receptors and the neutrophil response. Cellular deconvolution of gene expression profiles was able to discriminate cellular subtypes, highlighting the contribution of plasma cells and NK cells in the course of the disease. Beyond the biological processes involved in the immunopathology of VL revealed by the expression of protein coding genes (PCGs), we observed a significant participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in our blood transcriptome dataset. Genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs expression in VL has never been performed. lncRNAs have been considered key regulators of disease progression, mainly in cancers; however, their pattern regulation may also help to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of host immune responses elicited by L. infantum infections in humans. Among our findings, we identified lncRNAs such as IL21-AS1, MIR4435-2HG and LINC01501 and coexpressed lncRNA/mRNA pairs such as CA3-AS1/CA1, GASAL1/IFNG and LINC01127/IL1R1-IL1R2. Thus, for the first time, we present an integrated analysis of PCGs and lncRNAs by exploring the lncRNA–mRNA coexpression profile of VL to provide insights into the regulatory gene network involved in the development of this inflammatory and infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Regina Maruyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alessandro Fuzo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Edson R Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Aparecida Rogerio
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Nayore Tamie Takamiya
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pessenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Enaldo Vieira de Melo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria da Silva
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro Jesus
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carregaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Roque Pacheco Almeida
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - João Santana da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Fiocruz-Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Platform, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holcomb RJ, Oura S, Nozawa K, Kent K, Yu Z, Robertson MJ, Coarfa C, Matzuk MM, Ikawa M, Garcia TX. The testis-specific serine proteases PRSS44, PRSS46, and PRSS54 are dispensable for male mouse fertility†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:84-91. [PMID: 31403672 PMCID: PMC7013879 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics approaches have recently identified a large number of germ cell-specific genes with many that remain to be studied through functional genetics approaches. Serine proteases (PRSS) constitute nearly one-third of all proteases, and, in our bioinformatics screens, we identified many that are testis specific. In this study, we chose to focus on Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54, which we confirmed as testis specific in mouse and human. Based on the analysis of developmental expression in the mouse, expression of all four genes is restricted to the late stage of spermatogenesis concomitant with a potential functional role in spermiogenesis, spermiation, or sperm function. To best understand the male reproductive requirement and functional roles of these serine proteases, each gene was individually ablated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ES cell or zygote approach. Homozygous deletion mutants for each gene were obtained and analyzed for phenotypic changes. Analyses of testis weights, testis and epididymis histology, sperm morphology, and fertility revealed no significant differences in Prss44, Prss46, and Prss54 knockout mice in comparison to controls. Our results thereby demonstrate that these genes are not required for normal fertility in mice, although do not preclude the possibility that these genes may function in a redundant manner. Elucidating the individual functional requirement or lack thereof of these novel genes is necessary to build a better understanding of the factors underlying spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, which has implications in understanding the etiology of male infertility and the development of male contraceptives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Holcomb
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seiya Oura
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Nozawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kent
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Robertson
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas X Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abji F, Rasti M, Gómez-Aristizábal A, Muytjens C, Saifeddine M, Mihara K, Motahhari M, Gandhi R, Viswanathan S, Hollenberg MD, Oikonomopoulou K, Chandran V. Proteinase-Mediated Macrophage Signaling in Psoriatic Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:629726. [PMID: 33763056 PMCID: PMC7982406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.629726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Multiple proteinases are present in the synovial fluid (SF) of an arthritic joint. We aimed to identify inflammatory cell populations present in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) SF compared to osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), identify their proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) signaling function and characterize potentially active SF serine proteinases that may be PAR2 activators. Methods Flow cytometry was used to characterize SF cells from PsA, RA, OA patients; PsA SF cells were further characterized by single cell 3’-RNA-sequencing. Active serine proteinases were identified through cleavage of fluorogenic trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like substrates, activity-based probe analysis and proteomics. Fluo-4 AM was used to monitor intracellular calcium cell signaling. Cytokine expression was evaluated using a multiplex Luminex panel. Results PsA SF cells were dominated by monocytes/macrophages, which consisted of three populations representing classical, non-classical and intermediate cells. The classical monocytes/macrophages were reduced in PsA compared to OA/RA, whilst the intermediate population was increased. PAR2 was elevated in OA vs. PsA/RA SF monocytes/macrophages, particularly in the intermediate population. PAR2 expression and signaling in primary PsA monocytes/macrophages significantly impacted the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Trypsin-like serine proteinase activity was elevated in PsA and RA SF compared to OA, while chymotrypsin-like activity was elevated in RA compared to PsA. Tryptase-6 was identified as an active serine proteinase in SF that could trigger calcium signaling partially via PAR2. Conclusion PAR2 and its activating proteinases, including tryptase-6, can be important mediators of inflammation in PsA. Components within this proteinase-receptor axis may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Abji
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mozhgan Rasti
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carla Muytjens
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Saifeddine
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Majid Motahhari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rajiv Gandhi
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sowmya Viswanathan
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katerina Oikonomopoulou
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulkarni P, Martson A, Vidya R, Chitnavis S, Harsulkar A. Pathophysiological landscape of osteoarthritis. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 100:37-90. [PMID: 33453867 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A sharp rise in osteoarthritis (OA) incidence is expected as over 25% of world population ages in the coming decade. Although OA is considered a degenerative disease, mounting evidence suggests a strong connection with chronic metabolic conditions and low-grade inflammation. OA pathology is increasingly understood as a complex interplay of multiple pathological events including oxidative stress, synovitis and immune responses revealing its intricate nature. Cellular, biochemical and molecular aspects of these pathological events along with major outcomes of the relevant research studies in this area are discussed in the present review. With reference to their published and unpublished work, the authors strongly propose synovitis as a central OA pathology and the key OA pathological events are described in connection with it. Recent research outcomes also have succeeded to establish a linkage between metabolic syndrome and OA, which has been precisely included in the present review. Impact of aging process cannot be neglected in OA. Cell senescence is an important mechanism of aging through which it facilitates development of OA like other degenerative disorders, also discussed within a frame of OA. Conclusively, the reviewers urge low-grade inflammation linked to aging and derailed immune function as a pathological platform for OA development and progression. Thus, interventions targeted to prevent inflammaging hold a promising potential in effective OA management and efforts should be invested in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kulkarni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Biomedicine and Translational medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aare Martson
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Clinic of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ragini Vidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Shreya Chitnavis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Abhay Harsulkar
- Department of Pathophysiology, Biomedicine and Translational medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Pasupuleti M, Arockiaraj J. Innate and adaptive immune molecules of striped murrel Channa striatus. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2018; 10:296-319. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractChanna striatus, also called snakehead murrel, is an important freshwater teleost fish which has been widely cultured for its tasty flesh along with nutritional and medicinal values. The growth of both cultured and wild murrels is affected by various physical, chemical and biological factors. As a teleost fish, C. striatus is an intermediate organism between invertebrates and vertebrates. They have a well‐developed innate immune system than invertebrates and a primitive adaptive immune system compared to that of higher vertebrates, thus an interesting unique immune structure to explore. Studies have identified that a few external stimulants do instigate the immune system to fight against the pathogens at the time of infection in C. striatus. This review discusses the physicochemical and biological stress factors, immune system and immune molecules of C. striatus which are potentially involved in combating the stress factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Prasanth Bhatt
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206 Microbiology Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bales KL, Ianov L, Kennedy AJ, Sweatt JD, Gross AK. Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa rhodopsin mutant Q344X drives specific alterations in chromatin complex gene transcription. Mol Vis 2018; 24:153-164. [PMID: 29463953 PMCID: PMC5815338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms have been shown to contribute to long-lasting functional changes in adult neurons. The purpose of this study was to identify any such modifications in diseased retinal tissues from a mouse model of rhodopsin mutation-associated autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), Q344X, relative to age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. Methods We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) at poly(A) selected RNA to profile the transcriptional patterns in 3-week-old ADRP mouse model rhodopsin Q344X compared to WT controls. Differentially expressed genes were determined by DESeq2 using the Benjamini & Hochberg p value adjustment and an absolute log2 fold change cutoff. Quantitative western blots were conducted to evaluate protein expression levels of histone H3 phosphorylated at serine 10 and histone H4. qRT-PCR was performed to validate the expression patterns of differentially expressed genes. Results We observed significant differential expression in 2151 genes in the retina of Q344X mice compared to WT controls, including downregulation in the potassium channel gene, Kcnv2, and differential expression of histone genes, including the H1 family histone member, H1foo; the H3 histone family 3B, H3f3b; and the histone deacetylase 9, Hdac9. Quantitative western blots revealed statistically significant decreased protein expression of both histone H3 phosphorylated at serine 10 and histone H4 in 3-week-old Q344X retinas. Furthermore, qRT-PCR performed on select differentially expressed genes based on our RNA-seq results revealed matched expression patterns of up or downregulation. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that transcriptomic alterations occur in the ADRP mouse model rhodopsin Q344X retina and that these processes may contribute to the dysfunction and neurodegeneration seen in this animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Bales
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lara Ianov
- School of Medicine, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Andrew J. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, ME
| | - J. David Sweatt
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, TN
| | - Alecia K. Gross
- School of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,School of Medicine, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Human eosinophils constitutively express a unique serine protease, PRSS33. Allergol Int 2017; 66:463-471. [PMID: 28216055 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils play important roles in asthma, especially airway remodeling, by producing various granule proteins, chemical mediators, cytokines, chemokines and proteases. However, protease production by eosinophils is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the production of eosinophil-specific proteases/proteinases by transcriptome analysis. METHODS Human eosinophils and other cells were purified from peripheral blood by density gradient sedimentation and negative/positive selections using immunomagnetic beads. Protease/proteinase expression in eosinophils and release into the supernatant were evaluated by microarray analysis, qPCR, ELISA, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining before and after stimulation with eosinophil-activating cytokines and secretagogues. mRNAs for extracellular matrix proteins in human normal fibroblasts were measured by qPCR after exposure to recombinant protease serine 33 (PRSS33) protein (rPRSS33), created with a baculovirus system. RESULTS Human eosinophils expressed relatively high levels of mRNA for metalloproteinase 25 (MMP25), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 8 (ADAM8), ADAM10, ADAM19 and PRSS33. Expression of PRSS33 was the highest and eosinophil-specific. PRSS33 mRNA expression was not affected by eosinophil-activating cytokines. Immunofluorescence staining showed that PRSS33 was co-localized with an eosinophil granule protein. PRSS33 was not detected in the culture supernatant of eosinophils even after stimulation with secretagogues, but its cell surface expression was increased. rPRSS33 stimulation of human fibroblasts increased expression of collagen and fibronectin mRNAs, at least in part via protease-activated receptor-2 activation. CONCLUSIONS Activated eosinophils may induce fibroblast extracellular matrix protein synthesis via cell surface expression of PRSS33, which would at least partly explain eosinophils' role(s) in airway remodeling.
Collapse
|
9
|
Buhmann MT, Schulze B, Förderer A, Schleheck D, Kroth PG. Bacteria may induce the secretion of mucin-like proteins by the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:463-74. [PMID: 26993172 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Benthic diatoms live in photoautotrophic/heterotrophic biofilm communities embedded in a matrix of secreted extracellular polymeric substances. Closely associated bacteria influence their growth, aggregation, and secretion of exopolymers. We have studied a diatom/bacteria model community, in which a marine Roseobacter strain is able to grow with secreted diatom exopolymers as a sole source of carbon. The strain influences the aggregation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum by inducing a morphotypic transition from planktonic, fusiform cells to benthic, oval cells. Analysis of the extracellular soluble proteome of P. tricornutum in the presence and absence of bacteria revealed constitutively expressed newly identified proteins with mucin-like domains that appear to be typical for extracellular diatom proteins. In contrast to mucins, the proline-, serine-, threonine-rich (PST) domains in these proteins were also found in combination with protease-, glucosidase- and leucine-rich repeat-domains. Bioinformatic functional predictions indicate that several of these newly identified diatom-specific proteins may be involved in algal defense, intercellular signaling, and aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Birgit Schulze
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - David Schleheck
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Striped murrel S1 family serine protease: immune characterization, antibacterial property and enzyme activities. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
11
|
Nikolaou A, Stijlemans B, Laoui D, Schouppe E, Tran HTT, Tourwé D, Chai SY, Vanderheyden PML, Van Ginderachter JA. Presence and regulation of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase in mouse macrophages. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:466-79. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313507621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Nikolaou
- Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Elio Schouppe
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Huyen TT Tran
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Dirk Tourwé
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Siew Y Chai
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Australia
| | | | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Belgium
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Esnault S, Kelly EA, Schwantes EA, Liu LY, DeLain LP, Hauer JA, Bochkov YA, Denlinger LC, Malter JS, Mathur SK, Jarjour NN. Identification of genes expressed by human airway eosinophils after an in vivo allergen challenge. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67560. [PMID: 23844029 PMCID: PMC3699655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism for the contribution of eosinophils (EOS) to asthma pathophysiology is not fully understood. Genome-wide expression analysis of airway EOS by microarrays has been limited by the ability to generate high quality RNA from sufficient numbers of airway EOS. Objective To identify, by genome-wide expression analyses, a compendium of expressed genes characteristic of airway EOS following an in vivo allergen challenge. Methods Atopic, mild asthmatic subjects were recruited for these studies. Induced sputum was obtained before and 48h after a whole lung allergen challenge (WLAC). Individuals also received a segmental bronchoprovocation with allergen (SBP-Ag) 1 month before and after administering a single dose of mepolizumab (anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody) to reduce airway EOS. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed before and 48 h after SBP-Ag. Gene expression of sputum and BAL cells was analyzed by microarrays. The results were validated by qPCR in BAL cells and purified BAL EOS. Results A total of 299 transcripts were up-regulated by more than 2-fold in total BAL cells following SBP-Ag. Mepolizumab treatment resulted in a reduction of airway EOS by 54.5% and decreased expression of 99 of the 299 transcripts. 3 of 6 post-WLAC sputum samples showed increased expression of EOS-specific genes, along with the expression of 361 other genes. Finally, the intersection of the 3 groups of transcripts (increased in BAL post SBP-Ag (299), decreased after mepolizumab (99), and increased in sputum after WLAC (365)) was composed of 57 genes characterizing airway EOS gene expression. Conclusion We identified 57 genes that were highly expressed by BAL EOS compared to unseparated BAL cells after in vivo allergen challenge. 41 of these genes had not been previously described in EOS and are thus potential new candidates to elucidate EOS contribution to airway biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Characterization and expression analysis of a trypsin-like serine protease from planarian Dugesia japonica. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:7041-7. [PMID: 22314913 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin-like serine proteases are involved in large number of processes, especially in digestive degradation and immune responses. Here, we identify the characterization of a trypsin-like serine protease in planarian, Djtry, which interestingly has the incompletely conserved catalytic triad (K, D, and S). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Djtry is an ancient type of trypsin-like serine proteases. The spatial and temporal expression patterns of Djtry are shown during regenerating and embryonic development by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Djtry is found to display a tissue specific expression pattern, with a predominant expression detected in whole gut region of intact and regenerating planarian. While the tissue- and stage-specific expression patterns during the embryonic development imply the roles of Djtry involve in yolk degradation and gut formation. Quantitative real-time PCR was carried out to analyze the function of this protease in vivo after planarians were stimulated to a bacterial challenge and food. The results showed that Djtry increased after a bacterial challenge and was basically stable for food. Therefore, the trypsin-like serine protease might be involved in the innate defense reactions against bacterial infection.
Collapse
|
14
|
[Expression and enzyme activity analysis of Djtry in planarian Dugesia japonica]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:609-14. [PMID: 22659433 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cDNA Djtry, encoding a planarian trypsin, was identified from the cDNA library of Dugesia japonica. Multiple alignment analysis showed that the Tryps_SPc domain contained the incompletely conserved catalytic triad in which the first amino acid His was substituted by Lys. Phylogenetic analysis indicateed that Djtry protein falls at the base of other animal trypsins. The Djtry cDNA was cloned into a bacterial vector pET-28a and was transferred into E. coli BL21. The His-tagged Djtry fusion protein expression was induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the Djtry was expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli BL21 with the estimated molecular weight of approximately 26 kDa. Western blotting with His-tag antibody showed that the antibody was reacted with the fusion protein after refolding. Compared to bovine trypsin using BAEE as special substrate of trypsin, the enzyme activity of Djtry was measured. These results indicate that Djtry represents the archetype of animal trypsins, and this type of mutational trypsin Djtry still performs the trypsin nature with slightly weaker activity.
Collapse
|
15
|
Crilly A, Palmer H, Nickdel MB, Dunning L, Lockhart JC, Plevin R, McInnes IB, Ferrell WR. Immunomodulatory role of proteinase-activated receptor-2. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71:1559-66. [PMID: 22563031 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)) has been implicated in inflammatory articular pathology. Using the collagen-induced arthritis model (CIA) the authors have explored the capacity of PAR(2) to regulate adaptive immune pathways that could promote autoimmune mediated articular damage. METHODS Using PAR(2) gene deletion and other approaches to inhibit or prevent PAR(2) activation, the development and progression of CIA were assessed via clinical and histological scores together with ex vivo immune analyses. RESULTS The progression of CIA, assessed by arthritic score and histological assessment of joint damage, was significantly (p<0.0001) abrogated in PAR(2) deficient mice or in wild-type mice administered either a PAR(2) antagonist (ENMD-1068) or a PAR(2) neutralising antibody (SAM11). Lymph node derived cell suspensions from PAR(2) deficient mice were found to produce significantly less interleukin (IL)-17 and IFNγ in ex vivo recall collagen stimulation assays compared with wild-type littermates. In addition, substantial inhibition of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12 along with GM-CSF and MIP-1α was observed. However, spleen and lymph node histology did not differ between groups nor was any difference detected in draining lymph node cell subsets. Anticollagen antibody titres were significantly lower in PAR(2) deficient mice. CONCLUSION These data support an important role for PAR(2) in the pathogenesis of CIA and suggest an immunomodulatory role for this receptor in an adaptive model of inflammatory arthritis. PAR(2) antagonism may offer future potential for the management of inflammatory arthritides in which a proteinase rich environment prevails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Crilly
- School of Science, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of proteases in the regulation of apoptosis is becoming increasingly apparent. Whilst many of these proteases are already characterised, some have yet to be identified. Traditionally caspases held the traditional role as the prime mediators of apoptosis; however, attention is now turning towards the contribution made by serine proteases. KEY FINDINGS As unregulated apoptosis is implicated in various disease states, the emergence of this proteolytic family as apoptotic regulators offers novel and alterative opportunities for therapeutic targets. SUMMARY This review presents a brief introduction and overview of proteases in general with particular attention given to those involved in apoptotic processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Moffitt
- Biomolecular Sciences Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT97BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schrader K, Huai J, Jöckel L, Oberle C, Borner C. Non-caspase proteases: triggers or amplifiers of apoptosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1607-18. [PMID: 20169397 PMCID: PMC11115756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caspases are the most important effectors of apoptosis, the major form of programmed cell death (PCD) in multicellular organisms. This is best reflected by the appearance of serious development defects in mice deficient for caspase-8, -9, and -3. Meanwhile, caspase-independent PCD, mediated by other proteases or signaling components has been described in numerous publications. Although we do not doubt that such cell death exists, we propose that it has evolved later during evolution and is most likely not designed to execute, but to amplify and speed-up caspase-dependent cell death. This review shall provide evidence for such a concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schrader
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (ZBMZ), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jisen Huai
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (ZBMZ), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Jöckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (ZBMZ), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstr. 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Oberle
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (ZBMZ), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Present Address: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, PO Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (ZBMZ), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Stefan Meier Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstr. 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (Bioss), Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gao K, Zhang S. Ovochymase in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri is an ovary-specific trypsin-like serine protease with an antibacterial activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:1219-1228. [PMID: 19616576 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovochymases have been shown to be present in vertebrates; little information is available at present regarding ovochymase in invertebrates. Here we isolated a cDNA encoding an ovochymase homolog from amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri, named BbOvc. The cDNA contained a 1248bp open reading frame corresponding to a deduced protein of 415 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of approximately 44.4kDa. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BbOvc was located at the base of its vertebrate counterparts, suggesting that it represents the archetype of vertebrate ovochymases. BbOvc is found to display a tissue- and stage-specific expression pattern, with a predominant expression in the ovary of sexually matured females and in the early stage embryos (1-16-cell embryos). The recombinant ovochymase expressed in vitro shows a trypsin-like activity capable of hydrolysing the trypsin prototypic substrate N(a)-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (60UBAEE/mg), which can be inhibited by the trypsin-specific inhibitor soybean trypsin inhibitor. It also exhibits an antibacterial activity capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria like E. coli and V. parahaemolyticus. Taken together, these data indicate that BbOvc is a novel ovochymase with an antibacterial activity and offer first clues to its role as an immune-relevant molecule which may protect the early embryos from pathogenic attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Gao
- Department of Marine Biology and Key Laboratory for Genetics and Gene Resource Exploitation, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stevens RL, Adachi R. Protease-proteoglycan complexes of mouse and human mast cells and importance of their beta-tryptase-heparin complexes in inflammation and innate immunity. Immunol Rev 2007; 217:155-67. [PMID: 17498058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50% of the weight of a mature mast cell (MC) consists of varied neutral proteases stored in the cell's secretory granules ionically bound to serglycin proteoglycans that contain heparin and/or chondroitin sulfate E/diB chains. Mouse MCs express the exopeptidase carboxypeptidase A3 and at least 15 serine proteases [designated as mouse MC protease (mMCP) 1-11, transmembrane tryptase/tryptase gamma/protease serine member S (Prss) 31, cathepsin G, granzyme B, and neuropsin/Prss19]. mMCP-6, mMCP-7, mMCP-11/Prss34, and Prss31 are the four members of the chromosome 17A3.3 family of tryptases that are preferentially expressed in MCs. One of the challenges ahead is to understand why MCs express so many different protease-proteoglycan macromolecular complexes. MC-like cells that contain tryptase-heparin complexes in their secretory granules have been identified in the Ciona intestinalis and Styela plicata urochordates that appeared approximately 500 million years ago. Because sea squirts lack B cells and T cells, it is likely that MCs and their tryptase-proteoglycan granule mediators initially appeared in lower organisms as part of their innate immune system. The conservation of MCs throughout evolution suggests that some of these protease-proteoglycan complexes are essential to our survival. In support of this conclusion, no human has been identified that lacks MCs. Moreover, transgenic mice lacking the beta-tryptase mMCP-6 are unable to combat a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection effectively. Here we summarize the nature and function of some of the tryptase-serglycin proteoglycan complexes found in mouse and human MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Stevens
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Unregulated apoptosis can be due to a disruption in the balance and control of both intra- and inter-cellular proteolytic activities leading to various disease states. Many proteases involved in apoptotic processes are yet to be identified; however, several are already well characterized. Caspases traditionally held the predominant role as prime mediators of execution. However, latterly, evidence has accumulated that non-caspases, including calpains, cathepsins, granzymes and the proteasome have roles in mediating and promoting cell death. Increasingly, research is implicating serine proteases within apoptotic processing, particularly in the generation of nuclear events such as condensation, fragmentation and DNA degradation observed in late-stage apoptosis. Serine proteases therefore are emerging as providing additional or alternative therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Moffitt
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hwang JY, Hirono I, Aoki T. Cloning and expression of a novel serine protease from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 31:587-95. [PMID: 17084451 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2006.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Two different cDNA clones of Japanese flounder (types I-1 and I-2) with lengths of 1096 and 1572bp, respectively, were found to encode the same serine protease consisting of 244 identical amino acid residues with three putative N-glycosylation sites, an 18-amino acid signal peptide and a 2-amino acid activation peptide. The amino acid sequence of the Japanese flounder serine protease shares 39-44% identity to known hematopoietic serine proteases. Genomic analysis showed that two different clones were alternatively spliced from the same gene. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the Japanese flounder serine protease clustered with a hypothetical fugu protein and this cluster belonged to the neutrophil serine protease family cluster, which includes myeloblastin, N-elastase, and azurocidin. Expression of the Japanese flounder serine protease gene was observed to be up-regulated in head kidney cells after infection with Hirame rhabdovirus and LPS induction. In situ hybridization indicated that cells expressing Japanese flounder serine protease are different from CD8(+) and immunoglobulin(+) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Youn Hwang
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Puente XS, Gutiérrez-Fernández A, Ordóñez GR, Hillier LW, López-Otín C. Comparative genomic analysis of human and chimpanzee proteases. Genomics 2005; 86:638-47. [PMID: 16162398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes are implicated in multiple physiological and pathological processes. The availability of the sequence of the chimpanzee genome has allowed us to determine that the chimpanzee degradome-the repertoire of protease genes from this organism-is composed of at least 559 protease and protease-like genes and is virtually identical to that of human, containing 561 genes. Despite the high degree of conservation between both genomes, we have identified important differences that vary from deletion of whole genes to small insertion/deletion events or single nucleotide changes that lead to the specific gene inactivation in one species, mostly affecting immune system genes. For example, the genes encoding PRSS33/EOS, a macrophage serine protease conserved in most mammals, and GGTLA1 are absent in chimpanzee, while the gene for metalloprotease MMP23A, located in chromosome 1p36, has been specifically duplicated in the human genome together with its neighbor gene CDC2L1. Other differences arise from single nucleotide changes in protease genes, such as NAPSB and CASP12, resulting in the presence of functional genes in chimpanzee and pseudogenes in human. Finally, we have confirmed that the Trypanosoma lytic factor HPR is inactive in chimpanzee, likely contributing to the susceptibility of chimpanzees to T. brucei infection. This study provides the first analysis of the chimpanzee degradome and might contribute to the understanding of the molecular bases underlying variations in host defense mechanisms between human and chimpanzee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xose S Puente
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Artieda M, Cenarro A, Junquera C, Lasierra P, Martínez-Lorenzo MJ, Pocoví M, Civeira F. Tendon xanthomas in familial hypercholesterolemia are associated with a differential inflammatory response of macrophages to oxidized LDL. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4503-12. [PMID: 16083882 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Revised: 06/19/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tendon xanthomas (TX) are pathognomonic lipid deposits commonly found in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether macrophages from FH patients with TX (TX+) have higher predisposition to foam cells formation after oxidized LDL (oxLDL) overload than those from FH patients without TX (TX-), and if their differential gene expression profile could explain these different phenotypes. Total RNA pools from macrophages from FH patients TX+ and TX- were analyzed using Affymetrix oligonucleotide arrays to evaluate the gene expression profile in presence and absence of oxLDL. Also, the intracellular lipid content was measured by fluorescence flow cytometry. Results of these studies suggest that macrophages from FH subjects TX+ compared to those TX- have a differential response to oxLDL, since they show higher intracellular cholesterol ester accumulation and a differential gene expression profile. The gene array data were validated by relative quantitative real-time RT-PCR and quantitative ELISA in culture media and plasma samples. FH subjects TX+ showed increased plasma tryptase, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations. We propose that TX formation are associated with higher intracellular lipid content, and higher inflammatory response of macrophages in response to oxLDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Artieda
- Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Isabel la Católica 1-3, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yasuda S, Morokawa N, Wong GW, Rossi A, Madhusudhan MS, Sali A, Askew YS, Adachi R, Silverman GA, Krilis SA, Stevens RL. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator is a preferred substrate of the human epithelium serine protease tryptase epsilon/PRSS22. Blood 2005; 105:3893-901. [PMID: 15701722 PMCID: PMC1895090 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-10-3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptase epsilon is a member of the chromosome 16p13.3 family of human serine proteases that is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells. Recombinant pro-tryptase epsilon was generated to understand how the exocytosed zymogen might be activated outside of the epithelial cell, as well as to address its possible role in normal and diseased states. Using expression/site-directed mutagenesis approaches, we now show that Lys20, Cys90, and Asp92 in the protease's substrate-binding cleft regulate its enzymatic activity. We also show that Arg(-1) in the propeptide domain controls its ability to autoactivate. In vitro studies revealed that recombinant tryptase epsilon possesses a restricted substrate specificity. Once activated, tryptase epsilon cannot be inhibited effectively by the diverse array of protease inhibitors present in normal human plasma. Moreover, this epithelium protease is not highly susceptible to alpha1-antitrypsin or secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, which are present in the lung. Recombinant tryptase epsilon could not cleave fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, single-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator, plasminogen, or any prominent serum protein. Nevertheless, tryptase epsilon readily converted single-chain pro-urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA/scuPA) into its mature, enzymatically active protease. Tryptase epsilon also was able to induce pro-uPA-expressing smooth muscle cells to increase their migration through a basement membrane-like extracellular matrix. The ability to activate uPA in the presence of varied protease inhibitors suggests that tryptase epsilon plays a prominent role in fibrinolysis and other uPA-dependent reactions in the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Yasuda
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen C, Li Q, Darrow AL, Wang Y, Derian CK, Yang J, de Garavilla L, Andrade-Gordon P, Damiano BP. Mer receptor tyrosine kinase signaling participates in platelet function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:1118-23. [PMID: 15130911 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000130662.30537.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, mice made deficient in growth arrest-specific gene 6 product (Gas6) or in which Gas6 gene expression was inhibited were shown to have platelet dysfunction and to be less susceptible to thrombosis. The aim of this study was to define and characterize the relevant Gas6 receptor or receptors involved in platelet function. METHODS AND RESULTS Using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis we found that mer was the predominantly expressed subtype in mouse and human platelets, whereas axl and rse were not detected. We generated mer-deficient mice by targeted disruption of the mer receptor gene. Platelets derived from mer-deficient mice had decreased platelet aggregation in responses to low concentrations of collagen, U46619, and PAR4 thrombin receptor agonist peptide in vitro. However, the response to ADP was not different from wild-type platelets. Knockout of the mer gene protected mice from collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromoembolism and inhibited ferric chloride-induced thrombosis in vivo. Tail bleeding times, coagulation parameters, and peripheral blood cell counts in mer-deficient mice were similar to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the first evidence that mer, presumably through activation by its ligand Gas6, participates in regulation of platelet function in vitro and platelet-dependent thrombosis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cailin Chen
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wong GW, Yasuda S, Morokawa N, Li L, Stevens RL. Mouse chromosome 17A3.3 contains 13 genes that encode functional tryptic-like serine proteases with distinct tissue and cell expression patterns. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:2438-52. [PMID: 14583634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m308209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing of the mouse EST data base at GenBank trade mark with known tryptase cDNAs resulted in the identification of undiscovered serine protease transcripts whose genes reside at a 1.5-Mb complex on mouse chromosome 17A3.3. Mouse tryptase-5 (mT5), tryptase-6 (mT6), and mast cell protease-11 (mMCP-11) are new members of this serine protease superfamily whose amino acid sequences are 36-54% identical to each other and to their other 10 family members. The 13 functional mouse proteases can be subdivided into two subgroups based on conserved features in their propeptides. Of the three new serine proteases, mT6 is most widely expressed in tissues. mT5 is preferentially expressed in smooth muscle, whereas mMCP-11 is preferentially expressed in the spleen and bone marrow. In contrast to mT5 and mT6, mMCP-11 is also expressed in mast cells. Although mT6 and mMCP-11 are constitutively secreted when expressed in mammalian and insect cells, mT5 remains membrane-associated. The fact that recombinant mT5, mT6, and mMCP-11 possess non-identical expression patterns and substrate specificities suggests that each protease has a unique function in vivo. Of the 13 functional mouse tryptase genes identified at the complex, 12 have orthologs that reside in the syntenic region of human chromosome 16p13.3. The establishment of these ortholog pairs helps clarify the evolutionary relationship of the serine protease locus in the two species. This information provides a useful framework for the functional analysis of each protease using gene targeting and other molecular approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang W Wong
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|