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Cantó C, Menzies KJ, Auwerx J. NAD(+) Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis: A Balancing Act between Mitochondria and the Nucleus. Cell Metab 2015; 22:31-53. [PMID: 26118927 PMCID: PMC4487780 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1036] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NAD(+) has emerged as a vital cofactor that can rewire metabolism, activate sirtuins, and maintain mitochondrial fitness through mechanisms such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. This improved understanding of NAD(+) metabolism revived interest in NAD(+)-boosting strategies to manage a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from diabetes to cancer. In this review, we summarize how NAD(+) metabolism links energy status with adaptive cellular and organismal responses and how this knowledge can be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Cantó
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Park DR, Park KH, Kim BJ, Yoon CS, Kim UH. Exercise ameliorates insulin resistance via Ca2+ signals distinct from those of insulin for GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles. Diabetes 2015; 64:1224-34. [PMID: 25409702 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contraction and insulin induce glucose uptake in skeletal muscle through GLUT4 membrane translocation. Beneficial effects of exercise on glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant individuals are known to be due to their distinct mechanism between contraction and insulin action on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here we show that in skeletal muscle, distinct Ca(2+) second messengers regulate GLUT4 translocation by contraction and insulin treatment; d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and cyclic ADP-ribose/NAADP are main players for insulin- and contraction-induced glucose uptake, respectively. Different patterns of phosphorylation of AMPK and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II were shown in electrical stimuli (ES)- and insulin-induced glucose uptake pathways. ES-induced Ca(2+) signals and glucose uptake are dependent on glycolysis, which influences formation of NAD(P)-derived signaling messengers, whereas insulin-induced signals are not. High-fat diet (HFD) induced a defect in only insulin-mediated, but not ES-mediated, Ca(2+) signaling for glucose uptake, which is related to a specifically lower NAADP formation. Exercise decreases blood glucose levels in HFD-induced insulin resistance mice via NAADP formation. Thus we conclude that different usage of Ca(2+) signaling in contraction/insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle may account for the mechanism by which exercise ameliorates glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chung-Su Yoon
- Department of Physical Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Galione A. A primer of NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling: From sea urchin eggs to mammalian cells. Cell Calcium 2014; 58:27-47. [PMID: 25449298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Ca(2+) mobilizing effects of the pyridine nucleotide metabolite, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), this molecule has been demonstrated to function as a Ca(2+) mobilizing intracellular messenger in a wide range of cell types. In this review, I will briefly summarize the distinct principles behind NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling before going on to outline the role of this messenger in the physiology of specific cell types. Central to the discussion here is the finding that NAADP principally mobilizes Ca(2+) from acidic organelles such as lysosomes and it is this property that allows NAADP to play a unique role in intracellular Ca(2+) signalling. Lysosomes and related organelles are small Ca(2+) stores but importantly may also initiate a two-way dialogue with other Ca(2+) storage organelles to amplify Ca(2+) release, and may be strategically localized to influence localized Ca(2+) signalling microdomains. The study of NAADP signalling has created a new and fruitful focus on the lysosome and endolysosomal system as major players in calcium signalling and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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Kannt A, Sicka K, Kroll K, Kadereit D, Gögelein H. Selective inhibitors of cardiac ADPR cyclase as novel anti-arrhythmic compounds. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:717-27. [PMID: 22526470 PMCID: PMC3367138 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyl cyclases (ADPRCs) catalyse the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR) which is a second messenger involved in Ca(2+) mobilisation from intracellular stores. Via its interaction with the ryanodine receptor Ca(2+) channel in the heart, cADPR may exert arrhythmogenic activity. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the effect of novel cardiac ADPRC inhibitors in vitro and in vivo in models of ventricular arrhythmias. Using a high-throughput screening approach on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from pig and rat and nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinuleotide as a surrogate substrate, we have identified potent and selective inhibitors of an intracellular, membrane-bound cardiac ADPRC that are different from the two known mammalian ADPRCs, CD38 and CD157/Bst1. We show that two structurally distinct cardiac ADPRC inhibitors, SAN2589 and SAN4825, prevent the formation of spontaneous action potentials in guinea pig papillary muscle in vitro and that compound SAN4825 is active in vivo in delaying ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest in a guinea pig model of Ca(2+) overload-induced arrhythmia. Inhibition of cardiac ADPRC prevents Ca(2+) overload-induced spontaneous depolarizations and ventricular fibrillation and may thus provide a novel therapeutic principle for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimo Kannt
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, G877, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Wang W, Baker P, Seah SYK. Comparison of two metal-dependent pyruvate aldolases related by convergent evolution: substrate specificity, kinetic mechanism, and substrate channeling. Biochemistry 2010; 49:3774-82. [PMID: 20364820 DOI: 10.1021/bi100251u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HpaI and BphI are two pyruvate class II aldolases found in aromatic meta-cleavage degradation pathways that catalyze similar reactions but are not related in sequence. Steady-state kinetic analysis of the aldol addition reactions and product inhibition assays showed that HpaI exhibits a rapid equilibrium random order mechanism while BphI exhibits a compulsory order mechanism, with pyruvate binding first. Both aldolases are able to utilize aldehyde acceptors two to five carbons in length; however, HpaI showed broader specificity and had a preference for aldehydes containing longer linear alkyl chains or C2-OH substitutions. Both enzymes were able to bind 2-keto acids larger than pyruvate, but only HpaI was able to utilize both pyruvate and 2-ketobutanoate as carbonyl donors in the aldol addition reaction. HpaI lacks stereospecific control producing racemic mixtures of 4-hydroxy-2-oxopentanoate (HOPA) from pyruvate and acetaldehyde while BphI synthesizes only (4S)-HOPA. BphI is also able to utilize acetaldehyde produced by the reduction of acetyl-CoA catalyzed by the associated aldehyde dehydrogenase, BphJ. This aldehyde was directly channeled from the dehydrogenase to the aldolase active sites, with an efficiency of 84%. Furthermore, the BphJ reductive deacylation reaction increased 4-fold when BphI was catalyzing the aldol addition reaction. Therefore, the BphI-BphJ enzyme complex exhibits unique bidirectionality in substrate channeling and allosteric activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Vasudevan SR, Lewis AM, Chan JW, Machin CL, Sinha D, Galione A, Churchill GC. The calcium-mobilizing messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate participates in sperm activation by mediating the acrosome reaction. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18262-9. [PMID: 20400502 PMCID: PMC2881750 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.087858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Before a sperm can fertilize an egg it must undergo a final activation step induced by the egg termed the acrosome reaction. During the acrosome reaction a lysosome-related organelle, the acrosome, fuses with the plasma membrane to release hydrolytic enzymes and expose an egg-binding protein. Because NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) releases Ca2+ from acidic lysosome-related organelles in other cell types, we investigated a possible role for NAADP in mediating the acrosome reaction. We report that NAADP binds with high affinity to permeabilized sea urchin sperm. Moreover, we used Mn2+ quenching of luminal fura-2 and 45Ca2+ to directly demonstrate NAADP regulation of a cation channel on the acrosome. Additionally, we show that NAADP synthesis occurs through base exchange and is driven by an increase in Ca2+. We propose a new model for acrosome reaction signaling in which Ca2+ influx initiated by egg jelly stimulates NAADP synthesis and that this NAADP acts on its receptor/channel on the acrosome to release Ca2+ to drive acrosomal exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar R Vasudevan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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Ca(2+) signaling occurs via second messenger release from intraorganelle synthesis sites. Curr Biol 2008; 18:1612-8. [PMID: 18951023 PMCID: PMC2581485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose is an important Ca(2+)-mobilizing cytosolic messenger synthesized from beta-NAD(+) by ADP-ribosyl cyclases (ARCs). However, the focus upon ectocellular mammalian ARCs (CD38 and CD157) has led to confusion as to how extracellular enzymes generate intracellular messengers in response to stimuli. We have cloned and characterized three ARCs in the sea urchin egg and found that endogenous ARCbeta and ARCgamma are intracellular and located within the lumen of acidic, exocytotic vesicles, where they are optimally active. Intraorganelle ARCs are shielded from cytosolic substrate and targets by the organelle membrane, but this barrier is circumvented by nucleotide transport. We show that a beta-NAD(+) transporter provides ARC substrate that is converted luminally to cADPR, which, in turn, is shuttled out to the cytosol via a separate cADPR transporter. Moreover, nucleotide transport is integral to ARC activity physiologically because three transport inhibitors all inhibited the fertilization-induced Ca(2+) wave that is dependent upon cADPR. This represents a novel signaling mechanism whereby an extracellular stimulus increases the concentration of a second messenger by promoting messenger transport from intraorganelle synthesis sites to the cytosol.
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Abstract
NAADP (nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate), the most potent Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, is active in a wide range of organisms and cell types. Until now, all NAADP-producing enzymes have been thought to be members of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family. ADP-ribosyl cyclases exhibit promiscuous substrate selectivity, synthesize a variety of products and are regulated in a limited manner, which may be non-physiological. In the present paper, we report the presence of an enzyme on the surface of sea urchin sperm that exhibits bell-shaped regulation by Ca2+ over a range (EC(50) of 10 nM and IC(50) of 50 microM) that is physiologically relevant. Uniquely, this surface enzyme possesses complete selectivity for nucleotides with a 2'-phosphate group and exhibits only base-exchange activity without any detectable cyclase activity. Taken together, these findings indicate that this novel enzyme should be considered as the first true NAADP synthase.
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Lund FE, Moutin MJ, Muller-Steffner H, Schuber F. ADP-ribosyl cyclase and GDP-ribosyl cyclase activities are not always equivalent: impact on the study of the physiological role of cyclic ADP-ribose. Anal Biochem 2005; 346:336-8. [PMID: 16212930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Lund
- Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Ave, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
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