1
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Huang TT, Mori I. Analyses of Neural Circuits Governing Behavioral Plasticity in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2794:321-330. [PMID: 38630241 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3810-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral plasticity is subjected to various sensory stimuli, experiences, and physiological states, representing the temporal and spatial patterns of neural circuit dynamics. Elucidation of how genes and neural circuits in our brain actuate behavioral plasticity requires functional imaging during behavioral assays to manifest temporal and spatial neural regulation in behaviors. The exploration of the nervous systems of Caenorhabditis elegans has catalyzed substantial scientific advancements in elucidating the mechanistic link between circuit dynamics and behavioral plasticity. The analyses of the nervous system of C. elegans have technologically flourished owing to the development of optogenetic instruments and fluorescent protein-based imaging compatible with its optically transparent body and the understanding of its completely revealed neural connectome and gene expression profiles at single-neuron resolution (The C. elegans Neuronal Gene Expression Map & Network, CeNGEN project). Using examples of the two temperature learning behaviors in C. elegans, this chapter delves into a selection of pivotal imaging tools, including genetically encoded calcium indicators, biosensors for second messenger imaging, and their usage in freely moving worms that have propelled our grasp of sensory representation in C. elegans neural circuits. To further connect the circuit dynamics to behavioral plasticity, this chapter will focus on technological advancements enabling simultaneous imaging and tracking system together with methodologies to quantify multiple behavioral elements of freely behaving C. elegans in a dynamic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikue Mori
- Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Zhongguancun Life Science Park Changping District, Beijing, China.
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2
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Park KC, Crump NT, Louwman N, Krywawych S, Cheong YJ, Vendrell I, Gill EK, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Ford KL, Hauton D, Fournier M, Pires E, Watson L, Roseman G, Holder J, Koschinski A, Carnicer R, Curtis MK, Zaccolo M, Hulikova A, Fischer R, Kramer HB, McCullagh JSO, Trefely S, Milne TA, Swietach P. Disrupted propionate metabolism evokes transcriptional changes in the heart by increasing histone acetylation and propionylation. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1221-1245. [PMID: 38500966 PMCID: PMC7615744 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Propiogenic substrates and gut bacteria produce propionate, a post-translational protein modifier. In this study, we used a mouse model of propionic acidaemia (PA) to study how disturbances to propionate metabolism result in histone modifications and changes to gene expression that affect cardiac function. Plasma propionate surrogates were raised in PA mice, but female hearts manifested more profound changes in acyl-CoAs, histone propionylation and acetylation, and transcription. These resulted in moderate diastolic dysfunction with raised diastolic Ca2+, expanded end-systolic ventricular volume and reduced stroke volume. Propionate was traced to histone H3 propionylation and caused increased acetylation genome-wide, including at promoters of Pde9a and Mme, genes related to contractile dysfunction through downscaled cGMP signaling. The less severe phenotype in male hearts correlated with β-alanine buildup. Raising β-alanine in cultured myocytes treated with propionate reduced propionyl-CoA levels, indicating a mechanistic relationship. Thus, we linked perturbed propionate metabolism to epigenetic changes that impact cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas T. Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Present Address: Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Niamh Louwman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steve Krywawych
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yuen Jian Cheong
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor K. Gill
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kerrie L. Ford
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Hauton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lydia Watson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerald Roseman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Kate Curtis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alzbeta Hulikova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holger B. Kramer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sophie Trefely
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A. Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Friebe A, Kraehling JR, Russwurm M, Sandner P, Schmidtko A. The 10th International Conference on cGMP 2022: recent trends in cGMP research and development-meeting report. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1669-1686. [PMID: 37079081 PMCID: PMC10338386 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing cGMP is a unique therapeutic principle, and drugs inhibiting cGMP-degrading enzymes or stimulating cGMP production are approved for the treatment of various diseases such as erectile dysfunction, coronary artery disease, pulmonary hypertension, chronic heart failure, irritable bowel syndrome, or achondroplasia. In addition, cGMP-increasing therapies are preclinically profiled or in clinical development for quite a broad set of additional indications, e.g., neurodegenerative diseases or different forms of dementias, bone formation disorders, underlining the pivotal role of cGMP signaling pathways. The fundamental understanding of the signaling mediated by nitric oxide-sensitive (soluble) guanylyl cyclase and membrane-associated receptor (particulate) guanylyl cyclase at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as in vivo, especially in disease models, is a key prerequisite to fully exploit treatment opportunities and potential risks that could be associated with an excessive increase in cGMP. Furthermore, human genetic data and the clinical effects of cGMP-increasing drugs allow back-translation into basic research to further learn about signaling and treatment opportunities. The biannual international cGMP conference, launched nearly 20 years ago, brings all these aspects together as an established and important forum for all topics from basic science to clinical research and pivotal clinical trials. This review summarizes the contributions to the "10th cGMP Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications," which was held in Augsburg in 2022 but will also provide an overview of recent key achievements and activities in the field of cGMP research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Friebe
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan R. Kraehling
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institute of Pharmacology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Pharmaceuticals, Research and Early Development, Pharma Research Center, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Max-Von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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Menges L, Giesen J, Yilmaz K, Mergia E, Füchtbauer A, Füchtbauer EM, Koesling D, Russwurm M. It takes two to tango: cardiac fibroblast-derived NO-induced cGMP enters cardiac myocytes and increases cAMP by inhibiting PDE3. Commun Biol 2023; 6:504. [PMID: 37165086 PMCID: PMC10172304 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of NO/cGMP signalling in cardiac cells is a matter of debate. Recent measurements with a FRET-based cGMP indicator in isolated cardiac cells revealed NO-induced cGMP signals in cardiac fibroblasts while cardiomyocytes were devoid of these signals. In a fibroblast/myocyte co-culture model though, cGMP formed in fibroblasts in response to NO entered cardiomyocytes via gap junctions. Here, we demonstrate gap junction-mediated cGMP transfer from cardiac fibroblasts to myocytes in intact tissue. In living cardiac slices of mice with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of a FRET-based cGMP indicator (αMHC/cGi-500), NO-dependent cGMP signals were shown to occur in myocytes, to depend on gap junctions and to be degraded mainly by PDE3. Stimulation of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase enhanced Forskolin- and Isoproterenol-induced cAMP and phospholamban phosphorylation. Genetic inactivation of NO-GC in Tcf21-expressing cardiac fibroblasts abrogated the synergistic action of NO-GC stimulation on Iso-induced phospholamban phosphorylation, identifying fibroblasts as cGMP source and substantiating the necessity of cGMP-transfer to myocytes. In sum, NO-stimulated cGMP formed in cardiac fibroblasts enters cardiomyocytes in native tissue where it exerts an inhibitory effect on cAMP degradation by PDE3, thereby increasing cAMP and downstream effects in cardiomyocytes. Hence, enhancing β-receptor-induced contractile responses appears as one of NO/cGMP's functions in the non-failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Menges
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Giesen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kerem Yilmaz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Evanthia Mergia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annette Füchtbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Doris Koesling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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5
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Aoki I, Shiota M, Tsukada Y, Nakano S, Mori I. cGMP dynamics that underlies thermosensation in temperature-sensing neuron regulates thermotaxis behavior in C. elegans. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278343. [PMID: 36472979 PMCID: PMC9725164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms including bacteria, plants and animals sense ambient temperature so that they can avoid noxious temperature or adapt to new environmental temperature. A nematode C. elegans can sense innocuous temperature, and navigate themselves towards memorize past cultivation temperature (Tc) of their preference. For this thermotaxis, AFD thermosensory neuron is pivotal, which stereotypically responds to warming by increasing intracellular Ca2+ level in a manner dependent on the remembered past Tc. We aimed to reveal how AFD encodes the information of temperature into neural activities. cGMP synthesis in AFD is crucial for thermosensation in AFD and thermotaxis behavior. Here we characterized the dynamic change of cGMP level in AFD by imaging animals expressing a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cGMP probe specifically in AFD and found that cGMP dynamically responded to both warming and cooling in a manner dependent on past Tc. Moreover, we characterized mutant animals that lack guanylyl cyclases (GCYs) or phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which synthesize and hydrolyze cGMP, respectively, and uncovered how GCYs and PDEs contribute to cGMP and Ca2+ dynamics in AFD and to thermotaxis behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Aoki
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiota
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsukada
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunji Nakano
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ikue Mori
- Group of Molecular Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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6
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Development of a red fluorescent protein-based cGMP indicator applicable for live-cell imaging. Commun Biol 2022; 5:833. [PMID: 36064581 PMCID: PMC9445041 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger that regulates a variety of physiological processes. Here, we develop a red fluorescent protein-based cGMP indicator, "Red cGull". The fluorescence intensity of Red cGull increase more than sixfold in response to cGMP. The features of this indicator include an EC50 of 0.33 μM for cGMP, an excitation and emission peak at 567 nm and 591 nm, respectively. Live-cell imaging analysis reveal the utility of Red cGull for dual-colour imaging and its ability to be used in conjunction with optogenetics tools. Using enteroendocrine cell lines, Red cGull detects an increase in cGMP following the application of L-arginine. An increase in intracellular cGMP is found to be inhibited by Ca2+, and L-arginine-mediated hormone secretion is not potentiated. We propose that Red cGull will facilitate future research in cell signalling in relation to cGMP and its interplay with other signalling molecules.
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7
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Jehle A, Garaschuk O. The Interplay between cGMP and Calcium Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137048. [PMID: 35806059 PMCID: PMC9266933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger and a key molecule in many important signaling cascades in the body and brain, including phototransduction, olfaction, vasodilation, and functional hyperemia. Additionally, cGMP is involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate of learning and memory, and recent studies have identified the cGMP-increasing drug Sildenafil as a potential risk modifier in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD development is accompanied by a net increase in the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthases but a decreased activity of soluble guanylate cyclases, so the exact sign and extent of AD-mediated imbalance remain unclear. Moreover, human patients and mouse models of the disease present with entangled deregulation of both cGMP and Ca2+ signaling, e.g., causing changes in cGMP-mediated Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores as well as Ca2+-mediated cGMP production. Still, the mechanisms governing such interplay are poorly understood. Here, we review the recent data on mechanisms underlying the brain cGMP signaling and its interconnection with Ca2+ signaling. We also discuss the recent evidence stressing the importance of such interplay for normal brain function as well as in Alzheimer’s disease.
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8
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Kasatkina LA, Verkhusha VV. Transgenic mice encoding modern imaging probes: Properties and applications. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110845. [PMID: 35613592 PMCID: PMC9183799 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern biology is increasingly reliant on optical technologies, including visualization and longitudinal monitoring of cellular processes. The major limitation here is the availability of animal models to track the molecules and cells in their natural environment in vivo. Owing to the integrity of the studied tissue and the high stability of transgene expression throughout life, transgenic mice encoding fluorescent proteins and biosensors represent unique tools for in vivo studies in norm and pathology. We review the strategies for targeting probe expression in specific tissues, cell subtypes, or cellular compartments. We describe the application of transgenic mice expressing fluorescent proteins for tracking protein expression patterns, apoptotic events, tissue differentiation and regeneration, neurogenesis, tumorigenesis, and cell fate mapping. We overview the possibilities of functional imaging of secondary messengers, neurotransmitters, and ion fluxes. Finally, we provide the rationale and perspectives for the use of transgenic imaging probes in translational research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A Kasatkina
- Department of Genetics and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Genetics and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.
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9
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Szczurkowska J, Guo A, Martin J, Lee SI, Martinez E, Chien CT, Khan TA, Singh R, Dadson D, Tran TS, Pautot S, Shelly M. Semaphorin3A/PlexinA3 association with the Scribble scaffold for cGMP increase is required for apical dendrite development. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110483. [PMID: 35294878 PMCID: PMC8994670 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the apical dendrite from the leading process of the bipolar pyramidal neuron might be directed by spatially organized extrinsic cues acting on localized intrinsic determinants. The extracellular cues regulating apical dendrite polarization remain elusive. We show that leading process and apical dendrite development are directed by class III Semaphorins and mediated by a localized cGMP-synthesizing complex. The scaffolding protein Scribble that associates with the cGMP-synthesizing enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) also associates with the Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) co-receptor PlexinA3. Deletion or knockdown of PlexinA3 and Sema3A or disruption of PlexinA3-Scribble association prevents Sema3A-mediated cGMP increase and causes defects in apical dendrite development. These manipulations also impair bipolar polarity and leading process establishment. Local cGMP elevation or sGC expression rescues the effects of PlexinA3 knockdown or PlexinA3-Scribble complex disruption. During neuronal polarization, leading process and apical dendrite development are directed by a scaffold that links Semaphorin cue to cGMP increase. Szczurkowska et al. show that spatially directed Sema3A may promote development of the leading process and the apical dendrite via the co-receptor PlexinA3 by orchestrating localized cGMP increase on the scaffold protein, Scribble, at the leading edge of developing pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczurkowska
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alan Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jacqueline Martin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Seong-Il Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Edward Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Chia Te Chien
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tamor A Khan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ravnit Singh
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Doreen Dadson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tracy S Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | | | - Maya Shelly
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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10
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A Real-Time, Plate-Based BRET Assay for Detection of cGMP in Primary Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031908. [PMID: 35163827 PMCID: PMC8837005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a second messenger involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes. The modulation of cGMP is important in many diseases, but reliably assaying cGMP in live cells in a plate-based format with temporal resolution is challenging. The Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor cGES-DE5 has a high temporal resolution and high selectivity for cGMP over cAMP, so we converted it to use bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), which is more compatible with plate-based assays. This BRET variant, called CYGYEL (cyclic GMP sensor using YFP-PDE5-Rluc8), was cloned into a lentiviral vector for use across different mammalian cell types. CYGYEL was characterised in HEK293T cells using the nitric oxide donor diethylamine NONOate (DEA), where it was shown to be dynamic, reversible, and able to detect cGMP with or without the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. In human primary vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, CYGYEL successfully detected cGMP mediated through either soluble or particulate guanylate cyclase using DEA or C-type natriuretic peptide, respectively. Notably, CYGYEL detected differences in kinetics and strength of signal both between ligands and between cell types. CYGYEL remained selective for cGMP over cAMP, but this selectivity was reduced compared to cGES-DE5. CYGYEL streamlines the process of cGMP detection in plate-based assays and can be used to detect cGMP activity across a range of cell types.
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11
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Reddy GR, Ren L, Thai PN, Caldwell JL, Zaccolo M, Bossuyt J, Ripplinger CM, Xiang YK, Nieves-Cintrón M, Chiamvimonvat N, Navedo MF. Deciphering cellular signals in adult mouse sinoatrial node cells. iScience 2022; 25:103693. [PMID: 35036877 PMCID: PMC8749457 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinoatrial node (SAN) cells are the pacemakers of the heart. This study describes a method for culturing and infection of adult mouse SAN cells with FRET-based biosensors that can be exploited to examine signaling events. SAN cells cultured in media with blebbistatin or (S)-nitro-blebbistatin retain their morphology, protein distribution, action potential (AP) waveform, and cAMP dynamics for at least 40 h. SAN cells expressing targeted cAMP sensors show distinct β-adrenergic-mediated cAMP pools. Cyclic GMP, protein kinase A, Ca2+/CaM kinase II, and protein kinase D in SAN cells also show unique dynamics to different stimuli. Heart failure SAN cells show a decrease in cAMP and cGMP levels. In summary, a reliable method for maintaining adult mouse SAN cells in culture is presented, which facilitates studies of signaling networks and regulatory mechanisms during physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopireddy R. Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue MED: PHARM Tupper 242, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, GBSF 6315, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Phung N. Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, GBSF 6315, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jessica L. Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue MED: PHARM Tupper 242, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue MED: PHARM Tupper 242, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Crystal M. Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue MED: PHARM Tupper 242, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue MED: PHARM Tupper 242, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Madeline Nieves-Cintrón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue MED: PHARM Tupper 242, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, 451 Health Science Drive, GBSF 6315, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, 10535 Hospital Way, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue MED: PHARM Tupper 242, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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12
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Kurelić R, Nikolaev VO. Generation of Transgenic Mice Expressing Cytosolic and Targeted FRET Biosensors for cAMP and cGMP. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2483:241-254. [PMID: 35286680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2245-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice play a significant role in modern biomedical research. In addition to mechanistic studies of a specific gene and protein function, transgenic mice are used as an exciting tool for in vivo or in situ analysis of fluorescent biosensors, which are capable of directly reporting second messenger levels and biochemical processes in real time and living cells. In this chapter, we present a detailed protocol for the generation of plasmid vectors and transgenic mice ubiquitously or constitutively expressing cytosolic and targeted Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors for the second messengers 3',5'-cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphates. These tools and techniques hold great potential for the analysis of second messenger dynamics in physiologically relevant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Kurelić
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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13
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Giesen J, Mergia E, Koesling D, Russwurm M. Hippocampal AMPA- and NMDA-induced cGMP signals are mainly generated by NO-GC2 and are under tight control by PDEs 1 and 2. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:18-31. [PMID: 34902209 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling cascade has an established role in fine-tuning of synaptic transmission. In the present study, we asked which isoform of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase, NO-GC1 or NO-GC2, is responsible for generation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)- and AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid)-induced cGMP signals and which of the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is responsible for degradation. To this end, we performed live cell fluorescence measurements of primary hippocampal neurons isolated from NO-GC isoform-deficient mice. Although both isoforms contributed to the NMDA- and AMPA-induced cGMP signals, NO-GC2 clearly played the predominant role. Whereas under PDE-inhibiting conditions the cGMP levels elicited by both glutamatergic ligands were comparable, NMDA-induced cGMP signals were clearly higher than the AMPA-induced ones in the absence of PDE inhibitors. Thus, AMPA-induced cGMP signals are more tightly controlled by PDE-mediated degradation than NMDA-induced signals. In addition, these findings are compatible with the existence of at least two different pools of cGMP in both of which PDE1 and PDE2-known to be highly expressed in the hippocampus-are mainly responsible for cGMP degradation. The finding that distinct pools of cGMP are equipped with different amounts of PDEs highlights the importance of PDEs for the shape of NO-induced cGMP signals in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Giesen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Evanthia Mergia
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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14
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Wang Q, Wang Y, West TM, Liu Y, Reddy GR, Barbagallo F, Xu B, Shi Q, Deng B, Wei W, Xiang YK. Carvedilol induces biased β1 adrenergic receptor-nitric oxide synthase 3-cyclic guanylyl monophosphate signalling to promote cardiac contractility. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2237-2251. [PMID: 32956449 PMCID: PMC8502477 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS β-blockers are widely used in therapy for heart failure and hypertension. β-blockers are also known to evoke additional diversified pharmacological and physiological effects in patients. We aim to characterize the underlying molecular signalling and effects on cardiac inotropy induced by β-blockers in animal hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with carvedilol, metoprolol, or vehicle and echocardiogram analysis was performed. Heart tissues were used for biochemical and histological analyses. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from normal and HFD mice and rats for analysis of adrenergic signalling, calcium handling, contraction, and western blot. Biosensors were used to measure β-blocker-induced cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signal and protein kinase A activity in myocytes. Acute stimulation of myocytes with carvedilol promotes β1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR)- and protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent inotropic cardiac contractility with minimal increases in calcium amplitude. Carvedilol acts as a biased ligand to promote β1AR coupling to a Gi-PI3K-Akt-nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) cascade and induces robust β1AR-cGMP-PKG signal. Deletion of NOS3 selectively blocks carvedilol, but not isoproterenol-induced β1AR-dependent cGMP signal and inotropic contractility. Moreover, therapy with carvedilol restores inotropic contractility and sensitizes cardiac adrenergic reserves in diabetic mice with minimal impact in calcium signal, as well as reduced cell apoptosis and hypertrophy in diabetic hearts. CONCLUSION These observations present a novel β1AR-NOS3 signalling pathway to promote cardiac inotropy in the heart, indicating that this signalling paradigm may be targeted in therapy of heart diseases with reduced ejection fraction.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology
- Carvedilol/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart Diseases/drug therapy
- Heart Diseases/enzymology
- Heart Diseases/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Second Messenger Systems
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Wang
- The Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Toni M West
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Yongming Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Gopireddy R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
| | - Bingqing Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
- Sun-Yet Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yet Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, 95616 CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
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15
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Stehle D, Xu MZ, Schomber T, Hahn MG, Schweda F, Feil S, Kraehling JR, Eitner F, Patzak A, Sandner P, Feil R, Bénardeau A. Novel soluble guanylyl cyclase activators increase glomerular cGMP, induce vasodilation and improve blood flow in the murine kidney. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2476-2489. [PMID: 34096053 PMCID: PMC9292672 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Generation of cGMP via NO-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) has been implicated in the regulation of renal functions. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with decreased NO bioavailability, increased oxidative stress and oxidation of sGC to its haem-free form, apo-sGC. Apo-sGC cannot be activated by NO, resulting in impaired cGMP signalling that is associated with chronic kidney disease progression. We hypothesised that sGC activators, which activate apo-sGC independently of NO, increase renal cGMP production under conditions of oxidative stress, thereby improving renal blood flow (RBF) and kidney function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Two novel sGC activators, runcaciguat and BAY-543, were tested on murine kidney. We measured cGMP levels in real time in kidney slices of cGMP sensor mice, vasodilation of pre-constricted glomerular arterioles and RBF in isolated perfused kidneys. Experiments were performed at baseline conditions, under L-NAME-induced NO deficiency, and in the presence of oxidative stress induced by ODQ. KEY RESULTS Mouse glomeruli showed NO-induced cGMP increases. Under baseline conditions, sGC activator did not alter glomerular cGMP concentration or NO-induced cGMP generation. In the presence of ODQ, NO-induced glomerular cGMP signals were markedly reduced, whereas sGC activator induced strong cGMP increases. L-NAME and ODQ pretreated isolated glomerular arterioles were strongly dilated by sGC activator. sGC activator also increased cGMP and RBF in ODQ-perfused kidneys. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION sGC activators increase glomerular cGMP, dilate glomerular arterioles and improve RBF under disease-relevant oxidative stress conditions. Therefore, sGC activators represent a promising class of drugs for chronic kidney disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stehle
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Min Ze Xu
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tibor Schomber
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan R Kraehling
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Agnès Bénardeau
- Bayer AG, Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Center, Wuppertal, Germany.,Novo Nordisk A/S, Cardio-Renal Biology, Måløv, Denmark
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16
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Hong S, Pawel GT, Pei R, Lu Y. Recent progress in developing fluorescent probes for imaging cell metabolites. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33915523 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abfd11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolites play a crucial role in promoting and regulating cellular activities, but it has been difficult to monitor these cellular metabolites in living cells and in real time. Over the past decades, iterative development and improvements of fluorescent probes have been made, resulting in the effective monitoring of metabolites. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the use of fluorescent probes for tracking some key metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reactive oxygen species, sugar, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide for both whole cell and subcellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanni Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interfaces, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory T Pawel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interfaces, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
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17
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Szczurkowska J, Lee SI, Guo A, Cwetsch AW, Khan T, Rao S, Walz G, Huber TB, Cancedda L, Pautot S, Shelly M. A Localized Scaffold for cGMP Increase Is Required for Apical Dendrite Development. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107519. [PMID: 32294442 PMCID: PMC7293895 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in cultured neurons have established that axon specification instructs neuronal polarization and is necessary for dendrite development. However, dendrite formation in vivo occurs when axon formation is prevented. The mechanisms promoting dendrite development remain elusive. We find that apical dendrite development is directed by a localized cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-synthesizing complex. We show that the scaffolding protein Scribble associates with cGMP-synthesizing enzymes soluble-guanylate-cyclase (sGC) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The Scribble scaffold is preferentially localized to and mediates cGMP increase in dendrites. These events are regulated by kinesin KifC2. Knockdown of Scribble, sGC-β1, or KifC2 or disrupting their associations prevents cGMP increase in dendrites and causes severe defects in apical dendrite development. Local cGMP elevation or sGC expression rescues the effects of Scribble knockdown on dendrite development, indicating that Scribble is an upstream regulator of cGMP. During neuronal polarization, dendrite development is directed by the Scribble scaffold that might link extracellular cues to localized cGMP increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczurkowska
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA
| | - Seong-Il Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA
| | - Alan Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- Local Micro-environment and Brain Development Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tanvir Khan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA
| | - Sneha Rao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Local Micro-environment and Brain Development Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Italy
| | | | - Maya Shelly
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5230, USA.
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18
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Feil R, Lehners M, Stehle D, Feil S. Visualising and understanding cGMP signals in the cardiovascular system. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2394-2412. [PMID: 33880767 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP is an important signalling molecule in humans. Fluorescent cGMP biosensors have emerged as powerful tools for the sensitive analysis of cGMP pathways at the single-cell level. Here, we briefly outline cGMP's multifaceted role in (patho)physiology and pharmacotherapy. Then we summarise what new insights cGMP imaging has provided into endogenous cGMP signalling and drug action, with a focus on the cardiovascular system. Indeed, the use of cGMP biosensors has led to several conceptual advances, such as the discovery of local, intercellular and mechanosensitive cGMP signals. Importantly, single-cell imaging can provide valuable information about the heterogeneity of cGMP signals within and between individual cells of an isolated cell population or tissue. We also discuss current challenges and future directions of cGMP imaging, such as the direct visualisation of cGMP microdomains, simultaneous monitoring of cGMP and other signalling molecules and, ultimately, cGMP imaging in tissues and animals under close-to-native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Lehners
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Stehle
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Klein F, Sardi F, Machado MR, Ortega C, Comini MA, Pantano S. CUTie2: The Attack of the Cyclic Nucleotide Sensor Clones. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:629773. [PMID: 33778003 PMCID: PMC7991088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.629773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of small molecules in living cells using genetically encoded FRET sensors has revolutionized our understanding of signaling pathways at the sub-cellular level. However, engineering fluorescent proteins and specific binding domains to create new sensors remains challenging because of the difficulties associated with the large size of the polypeptides involved, and their intrinsically huge conformational variability. Indeed, FRET sensors’ design still relies on vague structural notions, and trial and error combinations of linkers and protein modules. We recently designed a FRET sensor for the second messenger cAMP named CUTie (Cyclic nucleotide Universal Tag for imaging experiments), which granted sub-micrometer resolution in living cells. Here we apply a combination of sequence/structure analysis to produce a new-generation FRET sensor for the second messenger cGMP based on Protein kinase G I (PKGI), which we named CUTie2. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations achieved an exhaustive sampling of the relevant spatio-temporal coordinates providing a quasi-quantitative prediction of the FRET efficiency, as confirmed by in vitro experiments. Moreover, biochemical characterization showed that the cGMP binding module maintains virtually the same affinity and selectivity for its ligand thant the full-length protein. The computational approach proposed here is easily generalizable to other allosteric protein modules, providing a cost effective-strategy for the custom design of FRET sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Klein
- BioMolecular Simulation Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Sardi
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías R Machado
- BioMolecular Simulation Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Ortega
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Pantano
- BioMolecular Simulation Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Amelanotic B16-F10 Melanoma Compatible with Advanced Three-Dimensional Imaging Modalities. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2090-2094.e6. [PMID: 33675788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5): Structure-function regulation and therapeutic applications of inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111128. [PMID: 33348311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the most well-studied phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that specifically targets cGMP typically generated by nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Given the crucial role of cGMP generated through the activation of this cellular signaling pathway in a variety of physiologically processes, pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 has been demonstrated to have several therapeutic applications including erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. While they are designed to inhibit PDE5, the inhibitors show different affinities and specificities against all PDE subtypes. Additionally, they have been shown to induce allosteric structural changes in the protein. These are mostly attributed to their chemical structure and, therefore, binding interactions with PDE catalytic domains. Therefore, understanding how these inhibitors interact with PDE5 and the structural basis of their selectivity is critically important for the design of novel, highly selective PDE5 inhibitors. Here, we review the structure of PDE5, how its function is regulated, and discuss the clinically available inhibitors that target phosphodiesterase 5, aiming to better understand the structural bases of their affinity and specificity. We also discuss the therapeutic indications of these inhibitors and the potential of repurposing for a wider range of clinical applications.
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22
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Betolngar DB, Mota É, Fabritius A, Nielsen J, Hougaard C, Christoffersen CT, Yang J, Kehler J, Griesbeck O, Castro LRV, Vincent P. Phosphodiesterase 1 Bridges Glutamate Inputs with NO- and Dopamine-Induced Cyclic Nucleotide Signals in the Striatum. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:5022-5036. [PMID: 30877787 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-regulated phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) family is highly expressed in the brain, but its functional role in neurones is poorly understood. Using the selective PDE1 inhibitor Lu AF64196 and biosensors for cyclic nucleotides including a novel biosensor for cGMP, we analyzed the effect of PDE1 on cAMP and cGMP in individual neurones in brain slices from male newborn mice. Release of caged NMDA triggered a transient increase of intracellular calcium, which was associated with a decrease in cAMP and cGMP in medium spiny neurones in the striatum. Lu AF64196 alone did not increase neuronal cyclic nucleotide levels, but blocked the NMDA-induced reduction in cyclic nucleotides indicating that this was mediated by calcium-activated PDE1. Similar effects were observed in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Upon corelease of dopamine and NMDA, PDE1 was shown to down-regulate the D1-receptor mediated increase in cAMP. PDE1 inhibition increased long-term potentiation in rat ventral striatum, showing that PDE1 is implicated in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Overall, our results show that PDE1 reduces cyclic nucleotide signaling in the context of glutamate and dopamine coincidence. This effect could have a therapeutic value for treating brain disorders related to dysfunctions in dopamine neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Élia Mota
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Arne Fabritius
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jun Yang
- Shanghai Chempartner Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jan Kehler
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, Denmark
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Liliana R V Castro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
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23
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Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger, which critically regulates cardiac pump function and protects from the development of cardiac hypertrophy by acting in various subcellular microdomains. Although clinical studies testing the potential of cGMP elevating drugs in patients suffering from cardiac disease showed promising results, deeper insight into the local actions of these drugs at the subcellular level are indispensable to inspire novel therapeutic strategies. Detailed information on the spatio-temporal dynamics of cGMP production and degradation can be provided by the use of fluorescent biosensors that are capable of monitoring this second messenger at different locations inside the cell with high temporal and spatial resolution. In this review, we will summarize how these emerging new tools have improved our understanding of cardiac cGMP signaling in health and disease, and attempt to anticipate future challenges in the field.
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24
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Brescia M, Chao YC, Koschinski A, Tomek J, Zaccolo M. Multi-Compartment, Early Disruption of cGMP and cAMP Signalling in Cardiac Myocytes from the mdx Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197056. [PMID: 32992747 PMCID: PMC7582831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequent and severe form of muscular dystrophy. The disease presents with progressive body-wide muscle deterioration and, with recent advances in respiratory care, cardiac involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. DMD is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene resulting in the absence of dystrophin and, consequently, disturbance of other proteins that form the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), including neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The molecular mechanisms that link the absence of dystrophin with the alteration of cardiac function remain poorly understood but disruption of NO-cGMP signalling, mishandling of calcium and mitochondrial disturbances have been hypothesized to play a role. cGMP and cAMP are second messengers that are key in the regulation of cardiac myocyte function and disruption of cyclic nucleotide signalling leads to cardiomyopathy. cGMP and cAMP signals are compartmentalised and local regulation relies on the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Here, using genetically encoded FRET reporters targeted to distinct subcellular compartments of neonatal cardiac myocytes from the DMD mouse model mdx, we investigate whether lack of dystrophin disrupts local cyclic nucleotide signalling, thus potentially providing an early trigger for the development of cardiomyopathy. Our data show a significant alteration of both basal and stimulated cyclic nucleotide levels in all compartments investigated, as well as a complex reorganization of local PDE activities.
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SponGee: A Genetic Tool for Subcellular and Cell-Specific cGMP Manipulation. Cell Rep 2020; 27:4003-4012.e6. [PMID: 31242429 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP is critical to a variety of cellular processes, but the available tools to interfere with endogenous cGMP lack cellular and subcellular specificity. We introduce SponGee, a genetically encoded chelator of this cyclic nucleotide that enables in vitro and in vivo manipulations in single cells and in biochemically defined subcellular compartments. SponGee buffers physiological changes in cGMP concentration in various model systems while not affecting cAMP signals. We provide proof-of-concept strategies by using this tool to highlight the role of cGMP signaling in vivo and in discrete subcellular domains. SponGee enables the investigation of local cGMP signals in vivo and paves the way for therapeutic strategies that prevent downstream signaling activation.
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26
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Baena V, Owen CM, Uliasz TF, Lowther KM, Yee SP, Terasaki M, Egbert JR, Jaffe LA. Cellular Heterogeneity of the Luteinizing Hormone Receptor and Its Significance for Cyclic GMP Signaling in Mouse Preovulatory Follicles. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5834711. [PMID: 32384146 PMCID: PMC7574965 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic arrest and resumption in mammalian oocytes are regulated by 2 opposing signaling proteins in the cells of the surrounding follicle: the guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), and the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). NPR2 maintains a meiosis-inhibitory level of cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) until LHR signaling causes dephosphorylation of NPR2, reducing NPR2 activity, lowering cGMP to a level that releases meiotic arrest. However, the signaling pathway between LHR activation and NPR2 dephosphorylation remains incompletely understood, due in part to imprecise information about the cellular localization of these 2 proteins. To investigate their localization, we generated mouse lines in which hemagglutinin epitope tags were added to the endogenous LHR and NPR2 proteins, and used immunofluorescence and immunogold microscopy to localize these proteins with high resolution. The results showed that the LHR protein is absent from the cumulus cells and inner mural granulosa cells, and is present in only 13% to 48% of the outer mural granulosa cells. In contrast, NPR2 is present throughout the follicle, and is more concentrated in the cumulus cells. Less than 20% of the NPR2 is in the same cells that express the LHR. These results suggest that to account for the LH-induced inactivation of NPR2, LHR-expressing cells send a signal that inactivates NPR2 in neighboring cells that do not express the LHR. An inhibitor of gap junction permeability attenuates the LH-induced cGMP decrease in the outer mural granulosa cells, consistent with this mechanism contributing to how NPR2 is inactivated in cells that do not express the LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Baena
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Corie M Owen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Tracy F Uliasz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Katie M Lowther
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Mark Terasaki
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jeremy R Egbert
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Laurinda A Jaffe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
- Correspondence: Laurinda A. Jaffe, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. E-mail:
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27
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Kelly MP, Heckman PRA, Havekes R. Genetic manipulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling during hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory formation. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 190:101799. [PMID: 32360536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have underscored the importance of cyclic nucleotide signaling in memory formation and synaptic plasticity. In recent years, several new genetic techniques have expanded the neuroscience toolbox, allowing researchers to measure and modulate cyclic nucleotide gradients with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we will provide an overview of studies using genetic approaches to interrogate the role cyclic nucleotide signaling plays in hippocampus-dependent memory processes and synaptic plasticity. Particular attention is given to genetic techniques that measure real-time changes in cyclic nucleotide levels as well as newly-developed genetic strategies to transiently manipulate cyclic nucleotide signaling in a subcellular compartment-specific manner with high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, VA Bldg1, 3(rd) Fl, D-12, Columbia, 29209, SC, USA.
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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28
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Riehle C, Weatherford ET, Wende AR, Jaishy BP, Seei AW, McCarty NS, Rech M, Shi Q, Reddy GR, Kutschke WJ, Oliveira K, Pires KM, Anderson JC, Diakos NA, Weiss RM, White MF, Drakos SG, Xiang YK, Abel ED. Insulin receptor substrates differentially exacerbate insulin-mediated left ventricular remodeling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134920. [PMID: 32213702 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload (PO) cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are associated with generalized insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which may exacerbate left ventricular (LV) remodeling. While PO activates insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity that is transduced by insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), the present study tested the hypothesis that IRS1 and IRS2 have divergent effects on PO-induced LV remodeling. We therefore subjected mice with cardiomyocyte-restricted deficiency of IRS1 (CIRS1KO) or IRS2 (CIRS2KO) to PO induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In WT mice, TAC-induced LV hypertrophy was associated with hyperactivation of IRS1 and Akt1, but not IRS2 and Akt2. CIRS1KO hearts were resistant to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in concert with attenuated Akt1 activation. In contrast, CIRS2KO hearts following TAC developed more severe LV dysfunction than WT controls, and this was prevented by haploinsufficiency of Akt1. Failing human hearts exhibited isoform-specific IRS1 and Akt1 activation, while IRS2 and Akt2 activation were unchanged. Kinomic profiling identified IRS1 as a potential regulator of cardioprotective protein kinase G-mediated signaling. In addition, gene expression profiling revealed that IRS1 signaling may promote a proinflammatory response following PO. Together, these data identify IRS1 and Akt1 as critical signaling nodes that mediate LV remodeling in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric T Weatherford
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Bharat P Jaishy
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alec W Seei
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicholas S McCarty
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Monika Rech
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Qian Shi
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - William J Kutschke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Karen Oliveira
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karla Maria Pires
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nikolaos A Diakos
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert M Weiss
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Morris F White
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (CVRTI), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, UCD, Davis, California, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, and.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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29
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Wen L, Fan Z, Mikulski Z, Ley K. Imaging of the immune system - towards a subcellular and molecular understanding. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs234922. [PMID: 32139598 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.234922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses involve many types of leukocytes that traffic to the site of injury, recognize the insult and respond appropriately. Imaging of the immune system involves a set of methods and analytical tools that are used to visualize immune responses at the cellular and molecular level as they occur in real time. We will review recent and emerging technological advances in optical imaging, and their application to understanding the molecular and cellular responses of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. Optical live-cell imaging provides deep mechanistic insights at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organism levels. Live-cell imaging can capture quantitative information in real time at subcellular resolution with minimal phototoxicity and repeatedly in the same living cells or in accessible tissues of the living organism. Advanced FRET probes allow tracking signaling events in live cells. Light-sheet microscopy allows for deeper tissue penetration in optically clear samples, enriching our understanding of the higher-level organization of the immune response. Super-resolution microscopy offers insights into compartmentalized signaling at a resolution beyond the diffraction limit, approaching single-molecule resolution. This Review provides a current perspective on live-cell imaging in vitro and in vivo with a focus on the assessment of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wen
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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30
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cGMP signalling in cardiomyocyte microdomains. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1327-1339. [PMID: 31652306 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is one of the major second messengers critically involved in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology, hypertrophy, and contractility. Recent molecular and cellular studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the cGMP signalling cascade, its local microdomain-specific regulation and its role in protecting the heart from pathological stress. Here, we summarise recent findings on cardiac cGMP microdomain regulation and discuss their potential clinical significance.
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31
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Argyrousi EK, Heckman PRA, Prickaerts J. Role of cyclic nucleotides and their downstream signaling cascades in memory function: Being at the right time at the right spot. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:12-38. [PMID: 32044374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of studies indicate the important role of cAMP and cGMP cascades in neuronal plasticity and memory function. As a result, altered cyclic nucleotide signaling has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mnemonic dysfunction encountered in several diseases. In the present review we provide a wide overview of studies regarding the involvement of cyclic nucleotides, as well as their upstream and downstream molecules, in physiological and pathological mnemonic processes. Next, we discuss the regulation of the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides via phosphodiesterases, the enzymes that degrade cAMP and/or cGMP, and via A-kinase-anchoring proteins that refine signal compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. We also provide an overview of the available data pointing to the existence of specific time windows in cyclic nucleotide signaling during neuroplasticity and memory formation and the significance to target these specific time phases for improving memory formation. Finally, we highlight the importance of emerging imaging tools like Förster resonance energy transfer imaging and optogenetics in detecting, measuring and manipulating the action of cyclic nucleotide signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elentina K Argyrousi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands.
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32
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Menges L, Krawutschke C, Füchtbauer EM, Füchtbauer A, Sandner P, Koesling D, Russwurm M. Mind the gap (junction): cGMP induced by nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes originates from cardiac fibroblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4696-4707. [PMID: 31423565 PMCID: PMC6965686 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The intracellular signalling molecule cGMP, formed by NO‐sensitive GC (NO–GC), has an established function in the vascular system. Despite numerous reports about NO‐induced cGMP effects in the heart, the underlying cGMP signals are poorly characterized. Experimental Approach Therefore, we analysed cGMP signals in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts isolated from knock‐in mice expressing a FRET‐based cGMP indicator. Key Results Whereas in cardiac myocytes, none of the known NO–GC‐activating substances (NO, GC activators, and GC stimulators) increased cGMP even in the presence of PDE inhibitors, they induced substantial cGMP increases in cardiac fibroblasts. As cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts are electrically connected via gap junctions, we asked whether cGMP can take the same route. Indeed, in cardiomyocytes co‐cultured on cardiac fibroblasts, NO‐induced cGMP signals were detectable, and two groups of unrelated gap junction inhibitors abolished these signals. Conclusion and Implication We conclude that NO‐induced cGMP formed in cardiac fibroblasts enters cardiac myocytes via gap junctions thereby turning cGMP into an intercellular signalling molecule. The findings shed new light on NO/cGMP signalling in the heart and will potentially broaden therapeutic opportunities for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Menges
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Ernst-Martin Füchtbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annette Füchtbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Sandner
- Drug Discovery, Cardiovascular Research, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Giesen J, Füchtbauer EM, Füchtbauer A, Funke K, Koesling D, Russwurm M. AMPA Induces NO-Dependent cGMP Signals in Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons via L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:2128-2143. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling cascade has an established role in synaptic plasticity. However, with conventional methods, the underlying cGMP signals were barely detectable. Here, we set out to confirm the well-known NMDA-induced cGMP increases, to test the impact of AMPA on those signals, and to identify the relevant phosphodiesterases (PDEs) using a more sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method. Therefore, a “knock-in” mouse was generated that expresses a FRET-based cGMP indicator (cGi-500) allowing detection of cGMP concentrations between 100 nM and 3 μM. Measurements were performed in cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons as well as acute hippocampal slices. In hippocampal and cortical neurons, NMDA elicited cGMP signals half as high as the ones elicited by exogenous NO. Interestingly, AMPA increased cGMP independently of NMDA receptors and dependent on NO synthase (NOS) activation. NMDA- and AMPA-induced cGMP signals were not additive indicating that both pathways converge on the level of NOS. Accordingly, the same PDEs, PDE1 and PDE2, were responsible for degradation of NMDA- as well as AMPA-induced cGMP signals. Mechanistically, AMPAR induced calcium influx through L-type voltage-gated calcium channels leading to NOS and finally NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase activation. Our results demonstrate that in addition to NMDA also AMPA triggers endogenous NO formation and hence cGMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Giesen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ernst-Martin Füchtbauer
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annette Füchtbauer
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Calamera G, Li D, Ulsund AH, Kim JJ, Neely OC, Moltzau LR, Bjørnerem M, Paterson D, Kim C, Levy FO, Andressen KW. FRET-based cyclic GMP biosensors measure low cGMP concentrations in cardiomyocytes and neurons. Commun Biol 2019; 2:394. [PMID: 31701023 PMCID: PMC6820734 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer)-based biosensors for intracellular detection of cyclic nucleotides have been designed in the past decade. However, few such biosensors are available for cGMP, and even fewer that detect low nanomolar cGMP concentrations. Our aim was to develop a FRET-based cGMP biosensor with high affinity for cGMP as a tool for intracellular signaling studies. We used the carboxyl-terminal cyclic nucleotide binding domain of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) flanked by different FRET pairs to generate two cGMP biosensors (Yellow PfPKG and Red PfPKG). Here, we report that these cGMP biosensors display high affinity for cGMP (EC50 of 23 ± 3 nM) and detect cGMP produced through soluble guanylyl cyclase and guanylyl cyclase A in stellate ganglion neurons and guanylyl cyclase B in cardiomyocytes. These biosensors are therefore optimal tools for real-time measurements of low concentrations of cGMP in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Calamera
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Hembre Ulsund
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeong Joo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Oliver C. Neely
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Lise Román Moltzau
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Bjørnerem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David Paterson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Choel Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Wessel Andressen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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35
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West TM, Wang Q, Deng B, Zhang Y, Barbagallo F, Reddy GR, Chen D, Phan KS, Xu B, Isidori A, Xiang YK. Phosphodiesterase 5 Associates With β2 Adrenergic Receptor to Modulate Cardiac Function in Type 2 Diabetic Hearts. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012273. [PMID: 31311394 PMCID: PMC6761630 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background In murine heart failure models and in humans with diabetic‐related heart hypertrophy, inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) by sildenafil improves cardiac outcomes. However, the mechanism by which sildenafil improves cardiac function is unclear. We have observed a relationship between PDE5 and β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), which is characterized here as a novel mechanistic axis by which sildenafil improves symptoms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Wild‐type and β2AR knockout mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) were treated with sildenafil, and echocardiogram analysis was performed. Cardiomyocytes were isolated for excitation‐contraction (E‐C) coupling, fluorescence resonant energy transfer, and proximity ligation assays; while heart tissues were implemented for biochemical and histological analyses. PDE5 selectively associates with β2AR, but not β1 adrenergic receptor, and inhibition of PDE5 with sildenafil restores the impaired response to adrenergic stimulation in HFD mice and isolated ventriculomyocytes. Sildenafil enhances β adrenergic receptor (βAR)‐stimulated cGMP and cAMP signals in HFD myocytes. Consequently, inhibition of PDE5 leads to protein kinase G–, and to a lesser extent, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II–dependent improvements in adrenergically stimulated E‐C coupling. Deletion of β2AR abolishes sildenafil's effect. Although the PDE5‐β2AR association is not altered in HFD, phosphodiesterase 3 displays an increased association with the β2AR‐PDE5 complex in HFD myocytes. Conclusions This study elucidates mechanisms by which the β2AR‐PDE5 axis can be targeted for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of PDE5 enhances β2AR stimulation of cGMP and cAMP signals, as well as protein kinase G–dependent E‐C coupling in HFD myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M West
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA
| | - Bingqing Deng
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA.,Sun-Yet Sen Memorial hospital Sun-Yet Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA.,College of Pharmacy Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA.,Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Gopireddy R Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA
| | - Dana Chen
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA
| | - Kyle S Phan
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA.,College of Pharmacy Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Andres Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology University of California Davis School of Medicine Davis CA.,VA Northern California Health Care System Mather CA
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36
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Zhang L, Bouadjel K, Manoury B, Vandecasteele G, Fischmeister R, Leblais V. Cyclic nucleotide signalling compartmentation by PDEs in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1780-1792. [PMID: 30825186 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Up-regulation of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is associated with several vascular diseases, and better understanding of the roles of each PDE isoform in controlling subcellular pools of cyclic nucleotides in vascular cells is needed. We investigated the respective role of PDE1, PDE5, and PDE9 in controlling intracellular cAMP and/or cGMP concentrations ([cAMP]i , [cGMP]i ) in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used selective inhibitors of PDE1 (PF-04471141), PDE5 (sildenafil), and PDE9 (PF-04447943) to measure cAMP- and cGMP-PDE activities with a radioenzymatic assay, in RASMC extracts. Real-time [cAMP]i and [cGMP]i were recorded by Förster resonance energy transfer-imaging in single living cells, and cell proliferation was assessed in FBS-stimulated cells. KEY RESULTS PDE1, PDE5, and PDE9 represented the major cGMP-hydrolyzing activity in RASMCs. Basal PDE1 exerted a functional role in degrading in situ the cGMP produced in response to activation of particulate GC by C-type natriuretic peptide. In high intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, PDE1 also regulated the NO/soluble GC-dependent cGMP response, as well as the β-adrenoceptor-mediated cAMP response. PDE5 exerted a major role in degrading cGMP produced by NO and the natriuretic peptides. PDE9 only regulated the NO-induced [cGMP]i increase. All three PDEs contributed differently to regulate cell proliferation under basal conditions and upon cGMP-elevating stimuli. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data emphasize the distinct roles of PDE1, PDE5, and PDE9 in local regulation of [cAMP]i and [cGMP]i , in vascular smooth muscle cells, strengthening the concept of PDEs as key actors in the subcellular compartmentation of cyclic nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kaouter Bouadjel
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Boris Manoury
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Véronique Leblais
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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37
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Abstract
A central dogma of mammalian reproductive biology is that the size of the primordial follicle pool represents reproductive capacity in females. The assembly of the primordial follicle starts after the primordial germ cells (PGCs)-derived oocyte releases from the synchronously dividing germline cysts. PGCs initiate meiosis during fetal development. However, after synapsis and recombination of homologous chromosomes, they arrest at the diplotene stage of the first meiotic prophase (MI). The diplotene-arrested oocyte, together with the surrounding of a single layer of flattened granulosa cells, forms a basic unit of the ovary, the primordial follicle. At the start of each estrous (animal) or menstrual cycle (human), in response to a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, a limited number of primordial follicles are triggered to develop into primary follicles, preantral follicles, antral follicles and reach to preovulatory follicle stage. During the transition from the preantral to antral stages, the enclosed oocyte gradually acquires the capacity to resume meiosis. Meiotic resumption from the prophase of MI is morphologically characterized by the dissolution of the oocyte nuclear envelope, which is generally termed the "germinal vesicle breakdown" (GVBD). Following GVBD and completion of MI, the oocyte enters meiosis II without an obvious S-phase and arrests at metaphase phase II (MII) until fertilization. The underlying mechanism of meiotic arrest has been widely explored in numerous studies. Many studies indicated that two cellular second messengers, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) play an essential role in maintaining oocyte meiotic arrest. This review will discuss how these two cyclic nucleotides regulate oocyte maturation by blocking or initiating meiotic processes, and to provide an insight in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Building #70, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Building #70, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Donato A, Kagias K, Zhang Y, Hilliard MA. Neuronal sub-compartmentalization: a strategy to optimize neuronal function. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1023-1037. [PMID: 30609235 PMCID: PMC6617802 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells that consist of three main structural and functional domains: a cell body or soma, an axon, and dendrites. These domains contain smaller compartments with essential roles for proper neuronal function, such as the axonal presynaptic boutons and the dendritic postsynaptic spines. The structure and function of these compartments have now been characterized in great detail. Intriguingly, however, in the last decade additional levels of compartmentalization within the axon and the dendrites have been identified, revealing that these structures are much more complex than previously thought. Herein we examine several types of structural and functional sub-compartmentalization found in neurons of both vertebrates and invertebrates. For example, in mammalian neurons the axonal initial segment functions as a sub-compartment to initiate the action potential, to select molecules passing into the axon, and to maintain neuronal polarization. Moreover, work in Drosophila melanogaster has shown that two distinct axonal guidance receptors are precisely clustered in adjacent segments of the commissural axons both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a cell-intrinsic mechanism underlying the compartmentalized receptor localization. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a subset of interneurons exhibits calcium dynamics that are localized to specific sections of the axon and control the gait of navigation, demonstrating a regulatory role of compartmentalized neuronal activity in behaviour. These findings have led to a number of new questions, which are important for our understanding of neuronal development and function. How are these sub-compartments established and maintained? What molecular machinery and cellular events are involved? What is their functional significance for the neuron? Here, we reflect on these and other key questions that remain to be addressed in this expanding field of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Donato
- Clem Jones Centre for Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Konstantinos Kagias
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Massimo A Hilliard
- Clem Jones Centre for Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Casarini L, Riccetti L, Limoncella S, Lazzaretti C, Barbagallo F, Pacifico S, Guerrini R, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Simoni M, Sola M, Di Rocco G. Probing the Effect of Sildenafil on Progesterone and Testosterone Production by an Intracellular FRET/BRET Combined Approach. Biochemistry 2018; 58:799-808. [PMID: 30532959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors have been recently applied to the study of biological pathways. In this study, a new biosensor was validated for the first time in live HEK293 and steroidogenic MLTC-1 cell lines for studying the effect of the PDE5 inhibitor on the hCG/LH-induced steroidogenic pathway. The sensor improves FRET between a donor (D), the fluorescein-like diarsenical probe that can covalently bind a tetracysteine motif fused to the PDE5 catalytic domain, and an acceptor (A), the rhodamine probe conjugated to the pseudosubstrate cGMPS. Affinity constant ( Kd) values of 5.6 ± 3.2 and 13.7 ± 0.8 μM were obtained with HEK293 and MLTC-1 cells, respectively. The detection was based on the competitive displacement of the cGMPS-rhodamine conjugate by sildenafil; the Ki values were 3.6 ± 0.3 nM (IC50 = 2.3 nM) in HEK293 cells and 10 ± 1.0 nM (IC50 = 3.9 nM) in MLTC-1 cells. The monitoring of both cAMP and cGMP by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer allowed the exploitation of the effects of PDE5i on steroidogenesis, indicating that sildenafil enhanced the gonadotropin-induced progesterone-to-testosterone conversion in a cAMP-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy.,Center for Genome Research , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41126 Modena , Italy
| | - Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Silvia Limoncella
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , 00185 Rome , Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Ferrara , 44121 Ferrara , Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda USL of Modena , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy , Azienda USL of Modena , 41121 Modena , Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy.,Center for Genome Research , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41126 Modena , Italy.,Azienda , Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , 41125 Modena , Italy
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40
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Greenwald EC, Mehta S, Zhang J. Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors Illuminate the Spatiotemporal Regulation of Signaling Networks. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11707-11794. [PMID: 30550275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling networks are the foundation which determines the fate and function of cells as they respond to various cues and stimuli. The discovery of fluorescent proteins over 25 years ago enabled the development of a diverse array of genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors that are capable of measuring the spatiotemporal dynamics of signal transduction pathways in live cells. In an effort to encapsulate the breadth over which fluorescent biosensors have expanded, we endeavored to assemble a comprehensive list of published engineered biosensors, and we discuss many of the molecular designs utilized in their development. Then, we review how the high temporal and spatial resolution afforded by fluorescent biosensors has aided our understanding of the spatiotemporal regulation of signaling networks at the cellular and subcellular level. Finally, we highlight some emerging areas of research in both biosensor design and applications that are on the forefront of biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Greenwald
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
| | - Sohum Mehta
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BRFII , La Jolla , CA 92093-0702 , United States
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41
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Grundy L, Harrington AM, Castro J, Garcia-Caraballo S, Deiteren A, Maddern J, Rychkov GY, Ge P, Peters S, Feil R, Miller P, Ghetti A, Hannig G, Kurtz CB, Silos-Santiago I, Brierley SM. Chronic linaclotide treatment reduces colitis-induced neuroplasticity and reverses persistent bladder dysfunction. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121841. [PMID: 30282832 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients suffer from chronic abdominal pain and extraintestinal comorbidities, including overactive bladder (OAB) and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC-PBS). Mechanistic understanding of the cause and time course of these comorbid symptoms is lacking, as are clinical treatments. Here, we report that colitis triggers hypersensitivity of colonic afferents, neuroplasticity of spinal cord circuits, and chronic abdominal pain, which persists after inflammation. Subsequently, and in the absence of bladder pathology, colonic hypersensitivity induces persistent hypersensitivity of bladder afferent pathways, resulting in bladder-voiding dysfunction, indicative of OAB/IC-PBS. Daily administration of linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist that is restricted to and acts within the gastrointestinal tract, reverses colonic afferent hypersensitivity, reverses neuroplasticity-induced alterations in spinal circuitry, and alleviates chronic abdominal pain in mice. Intriguingly, daily linaclotide administration also reverses persistent bladder afferent hypersensitivity to mechanical and chemical stimuli and restores normal bladder voiding. Linaclotide itself does not inhibit bladder afferents, rather normalization of bladder function by daily linaclotide treatment occurs via indirect inhibition of bladder afferents via reduced nociceptive signaling from the colon. These data support the concepts that cross-organ sensitization underlies the development and maintenance of visceral comorbidities, while pharmaceutical treatments that inhibit colonic afferents may also improve urological symptoms through common sensory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea M Harrington
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia-Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Annemie Deiteren
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Maddern
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grigori Y Rychkov
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pei Ge
- Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefanie Peters
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart M Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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42
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Regulation of the Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 2 (Npr2) by Phosphorylation of Juxtamembrane Serine and Threonine Residues Is Essential for Bifurcation of Sensory Axons. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9768-9780. [PMID: 30249793 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0495-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP signaling elicited by activation of the transmembrane receptor guanylyl cyclase Npr2 (also known as guanylyl cyclase B) by the ligand CNP controls sensory axon bifurcation of DRG and cranial sensory ganglion (CSG) neurons entering the spinal cord or hindbrain, respectively. Previous studies have shown that Npr2 is phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in its kinase homology domain (KHD). However, it is unknown whether phosphorylation of Npr2 is essential for axon bifurcation. Here, we generated a knock-in mouse line in which the seven regulatory serine and threonine residues in the KHD of Npr2 were substituted by alanine (Npr2-7A), resulting in a nonphosphorylatable enzyme. Real-time imaging of cGMP in DRG neurons with a genetically encoded fluorescent cGMP sensor or biochemical analysis of guanylyl cyclase activity in brain or lung tissue revealed the absence of CNP-induced cGMP generation in the Npr27A/7A mutant. Consequently, bifurcation of axons, but not collateral formation, from DRG or CSG in this mouse mutant was perturbed at embryonic and mature stages. In contrast, axon branching was normal in a mouse mutant in which constitutive phosphorylation of Npr2 is mimicked by a replacement of all of the seven serine and threonine sites by glutamic acid (Npr2-7E). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Npr27A/7A mutation causes dwarfism as described for global Npr2 mutants. In conclusion, our in vivo studies provide strong evidence that phosphorylation of the seven serine and threonine residues in the KHD of Npr2 is an important regulatory element of Npr2-mediated cGMP signaling which affects physiological processes, such as axon bifurcation and bone growth.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The branching of axons is a morphological hallmark of virtually all neurons. It allows an individual neuron to innervate different targets and to communicate with neurons located in different regions of the nervous system. The natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (Npr2), a transmembrane guanylyl cyclase, is essential for the initiation of bifurcation of sensory axons when entering the spinal cord or the hindbrain. By using two genetically engineered mouse lines, we show that phosphorylation of specific serine and threonine residues in juxtamembrane regions of Npr2 are required for its enzymatic activity and for axon bifurcation. These investigations might help to understand the regulation of Npr2 and its integration in intracellular signaling systems.
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43
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Reddy GR, West TM, Jian Z, Jaradeh M, Shi Q, Wang Y, Chen-Izu Y, Xiang YK. Illuminating cell signaling with genetically encoded FRET biosensors in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1567-1582. [PMID: 30242036 PMCID: PMC6219686 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FRET-based biosensors are powerful tools to study intracellular signaling that require long culture times for adenoviral infection. Reddy et al. have developed a method for culturing adult mouse cardiomyocytes involving blebbistatin, which preserves cell morphology for up to 50 h after adenoviral infection. FRET-based biosensor experiments in adult cardiomyocytes are a powerful way of dissecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of the complicated signaling networks that regulate cardiac health and disease. However, although much information has been gleaned from FRET studies on cardiomyocytes from larger species, experiments on adult cardiomyocytes from mice have been difficult at best. Thus the large variety of genetic mouse models cannot be easily used for this type of study. Here we develop cell culture conditions for adult mouse cardiomyocytes that permit robust expression of adenoviral FRET biosensors and reproducible FRET experimentation. We find that addition of 6.25 µM blebbistatin or 20 µM (S)-nitro-blebbistatin to a minimal essential medium containing 10 mM HEPES and 0.2% BSA maintains morphology of cardiomyocytes from physiological, pathological, and transgenic mouse models for up to 50 h after adenoviral infection. This provides a 10–15-h time window to perform reproducible FRET readings using a variety of CFP/YFP sensors between 30 and 50 h postinfection. The culture is applicable to cardiomyocytes isolated from transgenic mouse models as well as models with cardiac diseases. Therefore, this study helps scientists to disentangle complicated signaling networks important in health and disease of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toni M West
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Zhong Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Mark Jaradeh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Ye Chen-Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA .,Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA
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44
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Peters S, Paolillo M, Mergia E, Koesling D, Kennel L, Schmidtko A, Russwurm M, Feil R. cGMP Imaging in Brain Slices Reveals Brain Region-Specific Activity of NO-Sensitive Guanylyl Cyclases (NO-GCs) and NO-GC Stimulators. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082313. [PMID: 30087260 PMCID: PMC6122017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired NO-cGMP signaling has been linked to several neurological disorders. NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC), of which two isoforms—NO-GC1 and NO-GC2—are known, represents a promising drug target to increase cGMP in the brain. Drug-like small molecules have been discovered that work synergistically with NO to stimulate NO-GC activity. However, the effects of NO-GC stimulators in the brain are not well understood. In the present study, we used Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based real-time imaging of cGMP in acute brain slices and primary neurons of cGMP sensor mice to comparatively assess the activity of two structurally different NO-GC stimulators, IWP-051 and BAY 41-2272, in the cerebellum, striatum and hippocampus. BAY 41-2272 potentiated an elevation of cGMP induced by the NO donor DEA/NO in all tested brain regions. Interestingly, IWP-051 potentiated DEA/NO-induced cGMP increases in the cerebellum and striatum, but not in the hippocampal CA1 area or primary hippocampal neurons. The brain-region-selective activity of IWP-051 suggested that it might act in a NO-GC isoform-selective manner. Results of mRNA in situ hybridization indicated that the cerebellum and striatum express NO-GC1 and NO-GC2, while the hippocampal CA1 area expresses mainly NO-GC2. IWP-051-potentiated DEA/NO-induced cGMP signals in the striatum of NO-GC2 knockout mice but was ineffective in the striatum of NO-GC1 knockout mice. These results indicate that IWP-051 preferentially stimulates NO-GC1 signaling in brain slices. Interestingly, no evidence for an isoform-specific effect of IWP-051 was observed when the cGMP-forming activity of whole brain homogenates was measured. This apparent discrepancy suggests that the method and conditions of cGMP measurement can influence results with NO-GC stimulators. Nevertheless, it is clear that NO-GC stimulators enhance cGMP signaling in the brain and should be further developed for the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Peters
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Michael Paolillo
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Evanthia Mergia
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Lea Kennel
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Pharmakologisches Institut für Naturwissenschaftler, University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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45
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Real-Time Imaging Reveals Augmentation of Glutamate-Induced Ca 2+ Transients by the NO-cGMP Pathway in Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082185. [PMID: 30049956 PMCID: PMC6121606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of NO-cGMP signaling have been implicated in various neurological disorders. We have studied the potential crosstalk of cGMP and Ca2+ signaling in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) by simultaneous real-time imaging of these second messengers in living cells. The NO donor DEA/NO evoked cGMP signals in the granule cell layer of acute cerebellar slices from transgenic mice expressing a cGMP sensor protein. cGMP and Ca2+ dynamics were visualized in individual CGNs in primary cultures prepared from 7-day-old cGMP sensor mice. DEA/NO increased the intracellular cGMP concentration and augmented glutamate-induced Ca2+ transients. These effects of DEA/NO were absent in CGNs isolated from knockout mice lacking NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. Furthermore, application of the cGMP analogues 8-Br-cGMP and 8-pCPT-cGMP, which activate cGMP effector proteins such as cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGKs), also potentiated glutamate-induced Ca2+ transients. Western blot analysis failed to detect cGK type I or II in our primary CGNs. The addition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors during cGMP imaging showed that CGNs degrade cGMP mainly via Zaprinast-sensitive PDEs, most likely PDE5 and/or PDE10, but not via PDE1, 2, or 3. In sum, these data delineate a cGK-independent NO-cGMP signaling cascade that increases glutamate-induced Ca2+ signaling in CGNs. This cGMP–Ca2+ crosstalk likely affects neurotransmitter-stimulated functions of CGNs.
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Liu K, Li D, Hao G, McCaffary D, Neely O, Woodward L, Ioannides D, Lu CJ, Brescia M, Zaccolo M, Tandri H, Ajijola OA, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Paterson DJ. Phosphodiesterase 2A as a therapeutic target to restore cardiac neurotransmission during sympathetic hyperactivity. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98694. [PMID: 29720569 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are regarded as an early compensatory response to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, although exogenously administered BNP shows poor clinical efficacy in heart failure and hypertension. We tested whether phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A), which regulates the action of BNP-activated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), was directly involved in modulating Ca2+ handling from stellate ganglia (SG) neurons and cardiac norepinephrine (NE) release in rats and humans with an enhanced sympathetic phenotype. SG were also isolated from patients with sympathetic hyperactivity and healthy donor patients. PDE2A activity of the SG was greater in both spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and patients compared with their respective controls, whereas PDE2A mRNA was only high in SHR SG. BNP significantly reduced the magnitude of the calcium transients and ICaN in normal Wistar Kyoto (WKY) SG neurons, but not in the SHRs. cGMP levels stimulated by BNP were also attenuated in SHR SG neurons. Overexpression of PDE2A in WKY neurons recapitulated the calcium phenotype seen in SHR neurons. Functionally, BNP significantly reduced [3H]-NE release in the WKY rats, but not in the SHRs. Blockade of overexpressed PDE2A with Bay 60-7550 or overexpression of catalytically inactive PDE2A reestablished the modulatory action of BNP in SHR SG neurons. This suggests that PDE2A may be a key target in modulating the action of BNP to reduce sympathetic hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Li
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guoliang Hao
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David McCaffary
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Neely
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lavinia Woodward
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Demetris Ioannides
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chieh-Ju Lu
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcella Brescia
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Russwurm M, Koesling D. Measurement of cGMP-generating and -degrading activities and cGMP levels in cells and tissues: Focus on FRET-based cGMP indicators. Nitric Oxide 2018; 77:44-52. [PMID: 29684551 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular messenger molecule cGMP has an established function in the regulation of numerous physiological events. Yet for the identification of further biological cGMP-mediated functions, precise information whether a cGMP response exists in a certain cell type or tissue is mandatory. In this review, the techniques to measure cGMP i.e. cGMP-formation, -degradation or levels are outlined and discussed. As a superior method to measure cGMP, the article focusses on FRET-based cGMP indicators, describes the different cGMP indicators and discusses their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, the successful applications of these cGMP indicators to measure cGMP responses in cells and tissues are outlined and summarized. Hopefully, with the availability of the FRET-based cGMP indicators, the knowledge about the cGMP responses in special cells or tissues is going to increase thereby allowing to assess further cGMP-mediated functional responses and possibly to address their pathophysiology with the available guanylyl cyclase activators, stimulators and PDE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Russwurm
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Doris Koesling
- Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Lehners M, Dobrowinski H, Feil S, Feil R. cGMP Signaling and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020020. [PMID: 29671769 PMCID: PMC6023364 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP regulates multiple cell types and functions of the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the effects of cGMP on the growth and survival of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which display remarkable phenotypic plasticity during the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that VSMCs contribute to the development of atherosclerotic plaques by clonal expansion and transdifferentiation to macrophage-like cells. VSMCs express a variety of cGMP generators and effectors, including NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI), respectively. According to the traditional view, cGMP inhibits VSMC proliferation, but this concept has been challenged by recent findings supporting a stimulatory effect of the NO-cGMP-cGKI axis on VSMC growth. Here, we summarize the relevant studies with a focus on VSMC growth regulation by the NO-cGMP-cGKI pathway in cultured VSMCs and mouse models of atherosclerosis, restenosis, and angiogenesis. We discuss potential reasons for inconsistent results, such as the use of genetic versus pharmacological approaches and primary versus subcultured cells. We also explore how modern methods for cGMP imaging and cell tracking could help to improve our understanding of cGMP’s role in vascular plasticity. We present a revised model proposing that cGMP promotes phenotypic switching of contractile VSMCs to VSMC-derived plaque cells in atherosclerotic lesions. Regulation of vascular remodeling by cGMP is not only an interesting new therapeutic strategy, but could also result in side effects of clinically used cGMP-elevating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Lehners
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Hyazinth Dobrowinski
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Stroppel AS, Paolillo M, Ziegler T, Feil R, Stafforst T. Npom-Protected NONOate Enables Light-Triggered NO/cGMP Signalling in Primary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1312-1318. [PMID: 29417721 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diazeniumdiolates (NONOates) are a class of nitric-oxide-releasing substances widely used in studies of NO/cGMP signalling. Because spatiotemporal control is highly desirable for such purposes, we have synthesised a new Npom-caged pyrrolidine NONOate. A kinetic analysis together with a Griess assay showed the photodependent release of NO with high quantum yield (UV light). In primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), our compound was reliably able to induce fast increases in cGMP, as measured with a genetically encoded FRET-based cGMP sensor and further validated by the phosphorylation of the downstream target vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Thanks to their facile synthesis, good decaging kinetics and capability to activate cGMP signalling in a fast and efficient manner, Npom-protected NONOates allow for improved spatiotemporal control of NO/cGMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Stroppel
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Paolillo
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Ziegler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stafforst
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Bork NI, Nikolaev VO. cGMP Signaling in the Cardiovascular System-The Role of Compartmentation and Its Live Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534460 PMCID: PMC5877662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) regulates multiple physiologic processes in the cardiovascular system. Its intracellular effects are mediated by stringently controlled subcellular microdomains. In this review, we will illustrate the current techniques available for real-time cGMP measurements with a specific focus on live cell imaging methods. We will also discuss currently accepted and emerging mechanisms of cGMP compartmentation in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja I Bork
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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