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Mehvari S, Karimian Fathi N, Saki S, Asadnezhad M, Arzhangi S, Ghodratpour F, Mohseni M, Zare Ashrafi F, Sadeghian S, Boroumand M, Shokohizadeh F, Rostami E, Boroumand R, Najafipour R, Malekzadeh R, Riazalhosseini Y, Akbari M, Lathrop M, Najmabadi H, Hosseini K, Kahrizi K. Contribution of genetic variants in the development of familial premature coronary artery disease in a cohort of cardiac patients. Clin Genet 2024; 105:611-619. [PMID: 38308583 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), the most prevalent cardiovascular disease, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Heritable factors play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CAD. It has been proposed that approximately one-third of patients with CAD have a positive family history, and individuals with such history are at ~1.5-fold increased risk of CAD in their lifespans. Accordingly, the long-recognized familial clustering of CAD is a strong risk factor for this disease. Our study aimed to identify candidate genetic variants contributing to CAD by studying a cohort of 60 large Iranian families with at least two members in different generations afflicted with premature CAD (PCAD), defined as established disease at ≤45 years in men and ≤55 years in women. Exome sequencing was performed for a subset of the affected individuals, followed by prioritization and Sanger sequencing of candidate variants in all available family members. Subsequently, apparently healthy carriers of potential risk variants underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), followed by co-segregation analysis of the combined data. Putative causal variants were identified in seven genes, ABCG8, CD36, CYP27A1, PIK3C2G, RASSF9, RYR2, and ZFYVE21, co-segregating with familial PCAD in seven unrelated families. Among these, PIK3C2G, RASSF9, and ZFYVE21 are novel candidate CAD susceptibility genes. Our findings indicate that rare variants in genes identified in this study are involved in CAD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mehvari
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Karimian Fathi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Saki
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadnezhad
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghodratpour
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzane Zare Ashrafi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadeghian
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Boroumand
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shokohizadeh
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Rostami
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahnama Boroumand
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadreza Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Hosseini
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Collier L, Seah C, Hicks EM, Holtzheimer PE, Krystal JH, Girgenti MJ, Huckins LM, Johnston KJA. The impact of chronic pain on brain gene expression. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.20.24307630. [PMID: 38826319 PMCID: PMC11142271 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.24307630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic pain affects one fifth of American adults, contributing significant public health burden. Chronic pain mechanisms can be further understood through investigating brain gene expression. Methods We tested differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chronic pain, migraine, lifetime fentanyl and oxymorphone use, and with chronic pain genetic risk in four brain regions (dACC, DLPFC, MeA, BLA) and imputed cell type expression data from 304 postmortem donors. We compared findings across traits and with independent transcriptomics resources, and performed gene-set enrichment. Results We identified two chronic pain DEGs: B4GALT and VEGFB in bulk dACC. We found over 2000 (primarily BLA microglia) chronic pain cell type DEGs. Findings were enriched for mouse microglia pain genes, and for hypoxia and immune response. Cross-trait DEG overlap was minimal. Conclusions Chronic pain-associated gene expression is heterogeneous across cell type, largely distinct from that in pain-related traits, and shows BLA microglia are a key cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Collier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Carina Seah
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Emily M Hicks
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY
| | - Paul E Holtzheimer
- National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Matthew J Girgenti
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT
| | - Laura M Huckins
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Keira J A Johnston
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Xu Y, Du W, Xiao Y, Gao K, Li J, Li S. A Number of the N-terminal RASSF Family: RASSF7. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:889-895. [PMID: 36200241 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220930094149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ras association domain family 7 (RASSF7, also named HRC1), a potential tumor-related gene, located on human chromosome 11p15, has been identified as an important member of the N-terminal RASSF family. Whereas, the molecular biological mechanisms of RASSF7 in tumorigenesis remain to be further established. We perform a systematic review of the literature and assessment from PUBMED and MEDLINE databases in this article. RASSF7 plays a significant role in mitosis, microtubule growth, apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Many research literature shows that the RASSF7 could promote the occurrence and advance of human tumors by regulating Aurora B, MKK4, MKK7, JNK, YAP, MEK, and ERK, whereas, it might inhibit c-Myc and thus lead to the suppression of tumorigenesis. The pregulation of RASSF7 often occurs in various malignancies such as lung cancer, neuroblastoma, thyroid neoplasm, hepatocellular cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer. The expression stage of RASSF7 is positively correlated with the tumor TNM stage. In this review, we primarily elaborate on the acknowledged structure and progress in the various biomechanisms and research advances of RASSF7, especially the potential relevant signaling pathways. We hope that RASSF7 , a prospective therapeutic target for human malignancies, could play an available role in future anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Urology, Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshuang Xiao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyu Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuofeng Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, People's Republic of China
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Xu Q, Yang H, Fan G, Zhang B, Yu J, Zhang Z, Jia G. Clinical importance of PLA2R1 and RASSF9 in thyroid cancer and their inhibitory roles on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thyroid cancer cell malignant behaviors. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154092. [PMID: 36049438 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a common malignant tumor with rising incidence worldwide. The purpose of this study was to explore key genes in thyroid cancer. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed according to GEO datasets. PLA2R1 and RASSF9 levels were confirmed by UALCAN and the Human Protein Atlas databases. The disease free survival and linear correlation were analyzed by GEPIA. ROC curve was generated according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The methylation level and immune infiltration were analyzed using GSCA platform. PLA2R1, RASSF9 and Wnt/β-catenin-related protein levels were detected by western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay. There were 2 common differentially expressed genes (PLA2R1 and RASSF9) in thyroid cancer from GSE104005, GSE65144 and GSE53157 datasets. Decreased PLA2R1 and RASSF9 were associated with advanced stages and lower disease free survival. PLA2R1 and RASSF9 methylation levels were enhanced in thyroid cancer samples compared with normal samples. PLA2R1 methylation level was negatively correlated to its mRNA level. PLA2R1 and RASSF9 were related to immune infiltration in thyroid cancer. PLA2R1 and RASSF9 expression was associated with radioiodine resistance, and positively correlated to expression of iodide uptake-related factors. Multiple signaling pathways were involved in the action mechanisms of PLA2R1 and RASSF9, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Overexpression of PLA2R1 and RASSF9 inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, proliferation, invasion, and migration in thyroid cancer cells. Collectively, PLA2R1 and RASSF9 are two key genes in thyroid cancer, which have potential diagnostic, prognostic, and anti-tumor effects in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China; Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanshi Hospital of Nanyang, Nanyang 473000, China
| | - Gai Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China; Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China
| | - Jinsong Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China; Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China; Key Laboratory of Thyroid Tumor Prevention and Treatment, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China
| | - Guangwei Jia
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital affiliated to Henan University, Nanyang 473012, China.
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Liu Y, Zhu X, Zhang W, Bian T, Wu Z, Zhang J, Qiu H, Hu Y, Feng J, Shi J. RASSF10 exhibits tumor‑suppressing potential involving tumor proliferation, metastasis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:80. [PMID: 35211758 PMCID: PMC8892611 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that Ras-association domain family 10 (RASSF10) is a novel tumor-suppressor gene that is involved in the inhibition of tumor progression and metastasis; however, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of RASSF10 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. The expression of RASSF10 in ESCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues was investigated employing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays of tissue microarrays. The function of RASSF10 in ESCC cell growth, migration and invasion was determined by CCK-8, colony formation, scratch wound healing and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. The correlation between RASSF10 and markers related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by tissue microarray (TMA)-IHC, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RASSF10 was found to be highly downregulated in ESCC tissues compared with that noted in the adjacent non-tumor tissues, and closely correlated with tumor progression and patient prognosis. Moreover, functional studies demonstrated that RASSF10 overexpression not only resulted in reduced cell growth and colony formation but also inhibited migration and invasion of the ESCC cells. Tumor RASSF10 expression was positively correlated with E-cadherin expression and negatively correlated with vimentin. In addition, it was demonstrated that the antineoplastic functions of RASSF10 mediate inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ESCC. Our findings revealed that RASSF10 may constitute a prognostic factor for ESCC patients and a crucial candidate for targeted therapy against ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hai'an Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Department of Respiration, Nantong Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Branch of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Hu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226600, P.R. China
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Maltan L, Andova AM, Derler I. The Role of Lipids in CRAC Channel Function. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030352. [PMID: 35327543 PMCID: PMC8944985 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and dynamics of the lipid membrane define the physical properties of the bilayer and consequently affect the function of the incorporated membrane transporters, which also applies for the prominent Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ ion channel (CRAC). This channel is activated by receptor-induced Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and consists of two transmembrane proteins, STIM1 and Orai1. STIM1 is anchored in the ER membrane and senses changes in the ER luminal Ca2+ concentration. Orai1 is the Ca2+-selective, pore-forming CRAC channel component located in the plasma membrane (PM). Ca2+ store-depletion of the ER triggers activation of STIM1 proteins, which subsequently leads to a conformational change and oligomerization of STIM1 and its coupling to as well as activation of Orai1 channels at the ER-PM contact sites. Although STIM1 and Orai1 are sufficient for CRAC channel activation, their efficient activation and deactivation is fine-tuned by a variety of lipids and lipid- and/or ER-PM junction-dependent accessory proteins. The underlying mechanisms for lipid-mediated CRAC channel modulation as well as the still open questions, are presented in this review.
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DNA damage triggers the nuclear accumulation of RASSF6 tumor suppressor protein via CDK9 and BAF53 to regulate p53-target gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 42:e0031021. [PMID: 34898277 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00310-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RASSF6, a member of the tumor suppressor Ras-association domain family (RASSF) proteins, regulates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via p53 and plays a tumor suppressor role. We previously reported that RASSF6 blocks MDM2-mediated p53 degradation and enhances p53 expression. In this study, we demonstrated that RASSF6 has nuclear-localization and nuclear-export signals and that DNA damage triggers the nuclear accumulation of RASSF6. We found that RASSF6 directly binds to BAF53, the component of SWI/SNF complex. DNA damage induces CDK9-mediated phosphorylation of BAF53, which enhances the interaction with RASSF6 and increases the amount of RASSF6 in the nucleus. Subsequently, RASSF6 augments the interaction between BAF53 and BAF60a, another component of SWI/SNF complex, and further promotes the interaction of BAF53 and BAF60a with p53. BAF53 silencing or BAF60a silencing attenuates RASSF6-mediated p53-target gene transcription and apoptosis. Thus, RASSF6 is involved in the regulation of DNA damage-induced complex formation including CDK9, BAF53, BAF60a, and p53.
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Morishita M, Arimoto-Matsuzaki K, Kitamura M, Niimura K, Iwasa H, Maruyama J, Hiraoka Y, Yamamoto K, Kitagawa M, Miyamura N, Nishina H, Hata Y. Characterization of mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Rassf6 knockout mice shows the implication of Rassf6 in the regulation of NF-κB signaling. Genes Cells 2021; 26:999-1013. [PMID: 34652874 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RASSF6 is a member of the tumor suppressor Ras association domain family (RASSF) proteins. We have reported using human cancer cell lines that RASSF6 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via p53 and plays tumor suppressive roles. In this study, we generated Rassf6 knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas technology. Contrary to our expectation, Rassf6 knockout mice were apparently healthy. However, Rassf6-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were resistant against ultraviolet (UV)-induced apoptosis/cell cycle arrest and senescence. UV-induced p53-target gene expression was compromised, and DNA repair was delayed in Rassf6-null MEF. More importantly, KRAS active mutant promoted the colony formation of Rassf6-null MEF but not the wild-type MEF. RNA sequencing analysis showed that NF-κB signaling was enhanced in Rassf6-null MEF. Consistently, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced skin inflammation in Rassf6 knockout mice more remarkably than in the wild-type mice. Hence, Rassf6 deficiency not only compromises p53 function but also enhances NF-κB signaling to lead to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Morishita
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Arimoto-Matsuzaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Kitamura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyohei Niimura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwasa
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichi Maruyama
- Laboratory for Integrated Cellular Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Miyamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu A, Zhou K, Martínez MA, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Ares I. A "Janus" face of the RASSF4 signal in cell fate. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:466-479. [PMID: 34553373 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RASSF4 (Ras-association domain family 4) is a protein-coding gene, regarded as a tumor suppressor regulated by DNA methylation. However, RASSF4 acts as a "Janus" in cell fate: death and survival. This review article focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of RASSF4 on cell death and cell survival and puts forward a comprehensive analysis of the relevant signaling pathways. The participation of RASSF4 in the regulation of intracellular store-operated Ca2+ entry also affects cell survival. Moreover, the mechanism of inducing abnormal expression of RASSF4 was summarized. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of RASSF4 function in the development of cancer and other clinical diseases, which may provide insight into the controversial functions of RASSF4 and its potential application in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- Department of National Reference, Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of MOA, Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Department of National Reference, Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of MOA, Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - María Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of National Reference, Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of MOA, Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de October (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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Yuan J, Ju Q, Zhu J, Jiang Y, Yang X, Liu X, Ma J, Sun C, Shi J. RASSF9 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation by activating the MEK/ERK axis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:199. [PMID: 34341331 PMCID: PMC8329231 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAS-associated domain family 9 (RASSF9), a RAS-associated domain family gene, is expressed in a variety of tissues. However, its roles in tumorigenesis, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), are still not understood well. In the present study, we aimed to examine the potential roles of RASSF9 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanisms. Our data showed that RASSF9 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Increased expression of RASSF9 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation. On the contrary, knockdown of RASSF9 represses cell proliferation. Moreover, the effects of RASSF9 on NSCLC cell proliferation were further confirmed in vivo by using a subcutaneous tumor model. Mechanistically, pharmacological intervention studies revealed that the MEK/ERK axis is targeted by RASSF9 for transducing its regulatory roles on NSCLC cell proliferation. Collectively, our data indicate that RASSF9 plays a key role in tumorigenesis of NSCLC by stimulating tumor cell proliferation, which relies on activation of the MEK/ERK axis. Thus, RASSF9 might be a druggable target for developing novel agents for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qianqian Ju
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuechao Yang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Nantong Clinical Medical Research Center of Cardiothoracic Disease, and Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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11
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Hou Y, Li S, Du W, Li H, Wen R. The Tumor Suppressor Role of the Ras Association Domain Family 10. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2207-2215. [PMID: 32664845 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200714141906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ras association domain family 10(RASSF10), a tumor suppressor gene, is located on human chromosome 11p15.2, which is one of the members homologous to other N-terminal RASSF families obtained through structural prediction. RASSF10 plays an important role in inhibiting proliferation, invasion, and migration, inducing apoptosis, making cancer cells sensitive to docetaxel, and capturing G2/M phase. Some studies have found that RASSF10 may inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating Wnt/β-catenin, P53, and MMP2. Methylation of tumor suppressor gene promoter is a key factor in the development and progression of many tumors. Various methylation detection methods confirmed that the methylation and downregulation of RASSF10 often occur in various tumors, such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and leukemia. The status of RASSF10 methylation is positively correlated with tumor size, tumor type, and TNM stage. RASSF10 methylation can be used as a prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival, and is also a sign of tumor diagnosis and sensitivity to docetaxel chemotherapy. In this review, we mainly elucidate the acknowledged structure and progress in the verified functions of RASSF10 and the probably relevant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Hou
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuofeng Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Wei Du
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Rumin Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
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12
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Bäck N, Mains RE, Eipper BA. PAM: diverse roles in neuroendocrine cells, cardiomyocytes, and green algae. FEBS J 2021; 289:4470-4496. [PMID: 34089560 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the ways in which peptides are used for communication in the nervous and endocrine systems began with the identification of oxytocin, vasopressin, and insulin, each of which is stored in electron-dense granules, ready for release in response to an appropriate stimulus. For each of these peptides, entry of its newly synthesized precursor into the ER lumen is followed by transport through the secretory pathway, exposing the precursor to a sequence of environments and enzymes that produce the bioactive products stored in mature granules. A final step in the biosynthesis of many peptides is C-terminal amidation by peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), an ascorbate- and copper-dependent membrane enzyme that enters secretory granules along with its soluble substrates. Biochemical and cell biological studies elucidated the highly conserved mechanism for amidated peptide production and raised many questions about PAM trafficking and the effects of PAM on cytoskeletal organization and gene expression. Phylogenetic studies and the discovery of active PAM in the ciliary membranes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga lacking secretory granules, suggested that a PAM-like enzyme was present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. While the catalytic features of human and C. reinhardtii PAM are strikingly similar, the trafficking of PAM in C. reinhardtii and neuroendocrine cells and secretion of its amidated products differ. A comparison of PAM function in neuroendocrine cells, atrial myocytes, and C. reinhardtii reveals multiple ways in which altered trafficking allows PAM to accomplish different tasks in different species and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bäck
- Department of Anatomy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard E Mains
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Betty A Eipper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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13
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MAGIs regulate aPKC to enable balanced distribution of intercellular tension for epithelial sheet homeostasis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:337. [PMID: 33712709 PMCID: PMC7954791 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Constriction of the apical plasma membrane is a hallmark of epithelial cells that underlies cell shape changes in tissue morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue integrity in homeostasis. Contractile force is exerted by a cortical actomyosin network that is anchored to the plasma membrane by the apical junctional complexes (AJC). In this study, we present evidence that MAGI proteins, structural components of AJC whose function remained unclear, regulate apical constriction of epithelial cells through the Par polarity proteins. We reveal that MAGIs are required to uniformly distribute Partitioning defective-3 (Par-3) at AJC of cells throughout the epithelial monolayer. MAGIs recruit ankyrin-repeat-, SH3-domain- and proline-rich-region-containing protein 2 (ASPP2) to AJC, which modulates Par-3-aPKC to antagonize ROCK-driven contractility. By coupling the adhesion machinery to the polarity proteins to regulate cellular contractility, we propose that MAGIs play essential and central roles in maintaining steady state intercellular tension throughout the epithelial cell sheet. Matsuzawa et al. show that adhesion-related molecules MAGI-1 and MAGI-3 localize partitioning defective-3 (Par-3) at apical junctional complexes of cells throughout the epithelial monolayer. This study provides insights into how tension distribution contributes to cellular contractility in epithelial tissue homeostasis.
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14
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Weidle UH, Birzele F, Nopora A. microRNAs Promoting Growth of Gastric Cancer Xenografts and Correlation to Clinical Prognosis. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:1-15. [PMID: 33419892 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The annual death toll for gastric cancer is in the range of 700,000 worldwide. Even in patients with early-stage gastric cancer recurrence within five years has been observed after surgical resection and following chemotherapy with therapy-resistant features. Therefore, the identification of new targets and treatment modalities for gastric cancer is of paramount importance. In this review we focus on the role of microRNAs with documented efficacy in preclinical xenograft models with respect to growth of human gastric cancer cells. We have identified 31 miRs (-10b, -19a, -19b, -20a, -23a/b, -25, -27a-3p, -92a, -93, -100, -106a, -130a, -135a, -135b-5p, -151-5p, -187, -199-3p, -215, -221-3p, -224, -340a, -382, -421, -425, -487a, -493, -532-3p, -575, -589, -664a-3p) covering 26 different targets which promote growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo as xenografts. Five miRs (miRs -10b, 151-5p, -187, 532-3p and -589) additionally have an impact on metastasis. Thirteen of the identified miRs (-19b, -20a/b, -25, -92a, -106a, -135a, -187, -221-3p, -340a, -421, -493, -575 and -589) have clinical impact on worse prognosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
| | - Fabian Birzele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany;
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15
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Li N, Zeng Y, Huang J. Signaling pathways and clinical application of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1379-1393. [PMID: 32266538 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have focused on the early diagnostic value of the methylation of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer. However, the intricate cellular events related to RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer are still a mystery. For researchers and clinicians aiming to more profoundly understand the diagnostic value of methylated RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer, this review will provide deeper insights into the molecular events of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer. METHODOLOGY We searched for relevant publications in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords "RASSF1A", "SHOX2" and "lung cancer" etc. First, we reviewed the RASSF1A and SHOX2 genes, from their family structures to the functions of their basic structural domains. Then we mainly focused on the roles of RASSF1A and SHOX2 in lung cancer, especially on their molecular events in recent decades. Finally, we compared the value of measuring RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation with that of the common methods for the diagnosis of lung cancer patients. RESULTS The RASSF1A and SHOX2 genes were confirmed to be regulators or effectors of multiple cancer signaling pathways, driving tumorigenesis and lung cancer progression. The detection of RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation has higher sensitivity and specificity than other commonly used methods for diagnosing lung cancer, especially in the early stage. CONCLUSIONS The RASSF1A and SHOX2 genes are critical for the processes of tumorigenesis, development, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence in lung cancer. The combined detection of RASSF1A and SHOX2 gene methylation was identified as an excellent method for the screening and surveillance of lung cancer that exhibits high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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16
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Richter AM, Woods ML, Küster MM, Walesch SK, Braun T, Boettger T, Dammann RH. RASSF10 is frequently epigenetically inactivated in kidney cancer and its knockout promotes neoplasia in cancer prone mice. Oncogene 2020; 39:3114-3127. [PMID: 32047266 PMCID: PMC7142015 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidney cancer incidences are rising globally, thereby fueling the demand for targeted therapies and precision medicine. In our previous work, we have identified and characterized the Ras-Association Domain Family encoding ten members that are often aberrantly expressed in human cancers. In this study, we created and analyzed the Rassf10 knockout mice. Here we show that Rassf10 haploinsufficiency promotes neoplasia formation in two established mouse cancer models (Rassf1A-/- and p53-/-). Haploinsufficient Rassf10 knockout mice were significantly prone to various diseases including lymphoma (Rassf1A-/- background) and thymoma (p53-/- background). Especially Rassf10-/- and p53-deficient mice exhibited threefold increased rates of kidney cysts compared with p53-/- controls. Moreover, we observed that in human kidney cancer, RASSF10 is frequently epigenetically inactivated by its CpG island promoter hypermethylation. Primary tumors of renal clear cell and papillary cell carcinoma confirmed that RASSF10 methylation is associated with decreased expression in comparison to normal kidney tissue. In independent data sets, we could validate that RASSF10 inactivation clinically correlated with decreased survival and with progressed disease state of kidney cancer patients and polycystic kidney size. Functionally, we revealed that the loss of Rassf10 was significantly associated with upregulation of KRAS signaling and MYC expression. In summary, we could show that Rassf10 functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. In combination with other markers, RASSF10 silencing can serve as diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje M Richter
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Michelle L Woods
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miriam M Küster
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara K Walesch
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Reinhard H Dammann
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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17
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Harrell Stewart DR, Clark GJ. Pumping the brakes on RAS - negative regulators and death effectors of RAS. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/3/jcs238865. [PMID: 32041893 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations that activate the RAS oncoproteins are common in cancer. However, aberrant upregulation of RAS activity often occurs in the absence of activating mutations in the RAS genes due to defects in RAS regulators. It is now clear that loss of function of Ras GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) is common in tumors, and germline mutations in certain RasGAP genes are responsible for some clinical syndromes. Although regulation of RAS is central to their activity, RasGAPs exhibit great diversity in their binding partners and therefore affect signaling by multiple mechanisms that are independent of RAS. The RASSF family of tumor suppressors are essential to RAS-induced apoptosis and senescence, and constitute a barrier to RAS-mediated transformation. Suppression of RASSF protein expression can also promote the development of excessive RAS signaling by uncoupling RAS from growth inhibitory pathways. Here, we will examine how these effectors of RAS contribute to tumor suppression, through both RAS-dependent and RAS-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond R Harrell Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
| | - Geoffrey J Clark
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40222, USA
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18
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RASSF10 Is a TGFβ-Target That Regulates ASPP2 and E-Cadherin Expression and Acts as Tumor Suppressor That Is Epigenetically Downregulated in Advanced Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121976. [PMID: 31817988 PMCID: PMC6966473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras Association Domain Family (RASSF) encodes members of tumor suppressor genes which are frequently inactivated in human cancers. Here, the function and the regulation of RASSF10, that contains a RA (Ras-association) and two coiled domains, was investigated. We utilized mass spectrometry and immuno-precipitation to identify interaction partners of RASSF10. Additionally, we analyzed the up- and downstream pathways of RASSF10 that are involved in its tumor suppressive function. We report that RASSF10 binds ASPP1 (Apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) and ASPP2 through its coiled-coils. Induction of RASSF10 leads to increased protein levels of ASPP2 and acts negatively on cell cycle progression. Interestingly, we found that RASSF10 is a target of the EMT (epithelial mesenchymal transition) driver TGFβ (Transforming growth factor beta) and that negatively associated genes of RASSF10 are significantly over-represented in an EMT gene set collection. We observed a positive correlation of RASSF10 expression and E-cadherin that prevents EMT. Depletion of RASSF10 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology induces the ability of lung cancer cells to proliferate and to invade an extracellular matrix after TGFβ treatment. Additionally, knockdown of RASSF10 or ASPP2 induced constitutive phosphorylation of SMAD2 (Smad family member 2). Moreover, we found that epigenetic reduction of RASSF10 levels correlates with tumor progression and poor survival in human cancers. Our study indicates that RASSF10 acts a TGFβ target gene and negatively regulates cell growth and invasion through ASPP2. This data suggests that epigenetic loss of RASSF10 contributes to tumorigenesis by promoting EMT induced by TGFβ.
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19
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Liu WL, Wang HX, Shi CX, Shi FY, Zhao LY, Zhao W, Wang GH. MicroRNA-1269 promotes cell proliferation via the AKT signaling pathway by targeting RASSF9 in human gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:308. [PMID: 31768130 PMCID: PMC6873743 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer (GC). miR-1269 has been reported to be upregulated in several cancers and plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the biological function of miR-1269 in human GC and its mechanism remain unclear and need to be further elucidated. Methods The expression of miR-1269 in GC tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Target prediction programs (TargetScanHuman 7.2 and miRBase) and a dual-luciferase reporter assay were used to confirm that Ras-association domain family 9 (RASSF9) is a target gene of miR-1269. The expression of RASSF9 was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting in GC tissues. MTT and cell counting assays were used to explore the effect of miR-1269 on GC cell proliferation. The cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. RASSF9 knockdown and overexpression were used to further verify the function of the target gene. Results We found that miR-1269 expression was upregulated in human GC tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of miR-1269 promoted GC cell proliferation and cell cycle G1-S transition and suppressed apoptosis. The inhibition of miR-1269 inhibited cell growth and G1-S transition and induced apoptosis. miR-1269 expression was inversely correlated with RASSF9 expression in GC tissues. RASSF9 was verified to be a direct target of miR-1269 by using a luciferase reporter assay. The overexpression of miR-1269 decreased RASSF9 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, and the inhibition of miR-1269 increased RASSF9 expression. Importantly, silencing RASSF9 resulted in the same biological effects in GC cells as those induced by overexpression of miR-1269. Overexpression of RASSF9 reversed the effects of miR-1269 overexpression on GC cells. Both miR-1269 overexpression and RASSF9 silencing activated the AKT signaling pathway, which modulated cell cycle regulators (Cyclin D1 and CDK2). In contrast, inhibition of miR-1269 and RASSF9 overexpression inhibited the AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, miR-1269 and RASSF9 also regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that miR-1269 promotes GC cell proliferation and cell cycle G1-S transition by activating the AKT signaling pathway and inhibiting cell apoptosis via regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway by targeting RASSF9. Our findings indicate an oncogenic role of miR-1269 in GC pathogenesis and the potential use of miR-1269 in GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Liu
- 1Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Hu-Xia Wang
- 2Mammary Department, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Cheng-Xin Shi
- 3Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Fei-Yu Shi
- 3Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhao
- 4Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Zhao
- 3Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- 3Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061 Shaanxi China
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20
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Chatzifrangkeskou M, Pefani D, Eyres M, Vendrell I, Fischer R, Pankova D, O'Neill E. RASSF1A is required for the maintenance of nuclear actin levels. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101168. [PMID: 31414556 PMCID: PMC6694222 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin participates in many essential cellular processes including gene transcription, chromatin remodelling and mRNA processing. Actin shuttles into and out the nucleus through the action of dedicated transport receptors importin-9 and exportin-6, but how this transport is regulated remains unclear. Here, we show that RASSF1A is a novel regulator of actin nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and is required for the active maintenance of nuclear actin levels through supporting binding of exportin-6 (XPO6) to RAN GTPase. RASSF1A (Ras association domain family 1 isoform A) is a tumour suppressor gene frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation in all major solid cancers. Specifically, we demonstrate that endogenous RASSF1A localises to the nuclear envelope (NE) and is required for nucleocytoplasmic actin transport and the concomitant regulation of myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a co-activator of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). The RASSF1A/RAN/XPO6/nuclear actin pathway is aberrant in cancer cells where RASSF1A expression is lost and correlates with reduced MRTF-A/SRF activity leading to cell adhesion defects. Taken together, we have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which the nuclear actin pool is regulated and uncovered a previously unknown link of RASSF1A and MRTF-A/SRF in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafni‐Eleftheria Pefani
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Laboratory of BiologyMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTarget Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Eric O'Neill
- Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Kandilya D, Maskomani S, Shyamasundar S, Tambyah PA, Shiao Yng C, Lee RCH, Hande MP, Mallilankaraman K, Chu JJH, Dheen ST. Zika virus alters DNA methylation status of genes involved in Hippo signaling pathway in human neural progenitor cells. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1143-1161. [PMID: 31234652 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed to understand if Zika virus (ZIKV) alters the DNA methylome of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs). Materials & methods: Whole genome DNA methylation profiling was performed using human methylationEPIC array in control and ZIKV infected hNPCs. Results & conclusion: ZIKV infection altered the DNA methylation of several genes such as WWTR1 (TAZ) and RASSF1 of Hippo signaling pathway which regulates organ size during brain development, and decreased the expression of several centrosomal-related microcephaly genes, and genes involved in stemness and differentiation in human neural progenitor cells. Overall, ZIKV downregulated the Hippo signaling pathway genes which perturb the stemness and differentiation process in hNPCs, which could form the basis for ZIKV-induced microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kandilya
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Silambarasan Maskomani
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Sukanya Shyamasundar
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Chan Shiao Yng
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Regina Ching Hua Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Manoor Prakash Hande
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - S Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
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22
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Han X, Dong Q, Wu J, Luo Y, Rong X, Han Q, Zheng X, Wang E. RASSF10 suppresses lung cancer proliferation and invasion by decreasing the level of phosphorylated LRP6. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1168-1180. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology; First Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Qianze Dong
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhu Rong
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology; College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology; First Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
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23
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Wang Y, Li X, Gong X, Zhao Y, Wu J. MicroRNA-322 Regulates Self-renewal of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells through Rassf8. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:857-869. [PMID: 30906216 PMCID: PMC6429012 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. MicroRNAs (miRs) are key regulators of gene expression involved in self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the function and mechanisms of individual miR in regulating self-renewal and differentiation of SSCs remain unclear. Here, we report for the first time that miR-322 regulates self-renewal of SSCs. Functional assays revealed that miR-322 was essential for SSC self-renewal. Mechanistically, miR-322 promoted SSC self-renewal by targeting RASSF8 (ras association domain family 8). Moreover, the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway was involved in the miR-322-mediated regulation. Furthermore, miR-322 overexpression increased GFRα1, ETV5 and PLZF expression but decreased STRA8, C-KIT and BCL6 expression. Our study provides not only a novel insight into molecular mechanisms regulating SSC self-renewal but also a basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaowen Gong
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
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24
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Perspectives of RAS and RHEB GTPase Signaling Pathways in Regenerating Brain Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124052. [PMID: 30558189 PMCID: PMC6321366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular activation of RAS GTPases into the GTP-binding “ON” state is a key switch for regulating brain functions. Molecular protein structural elements of rat sarcoma (RAS) and RAS homolog protein enriched in brain (RHEB) GTPases involved in this switch are discussed including their subcellular membrane localization for triggering specific signaling pathways resulting in regulation of synaptic connectivity, axonal growth, differentiation, migration, cytoskeletal dynamics, neural protection, and apoptosis. A beneficial role of neuronal H-RAS activity is suggested from cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent experiments on optogenetic regulation offer insights into the spatiotemporal aspects controlling RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways. As optogenetic manipulation of cellular signaling in deep brain regions critically requires penetration of light through large distances of absorbing tissue, we discuss magnetic guidance of re-growing axons as a complementary approach. In Parkinson’s disease, dopaminergic neuronal cell bodies degenerate in the substantia nigra. Current human trials of stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons must take into account the inability of neuronal axons navigating over a large distance from the grafted site into striatal target regions. Grafting dopaminergic precursor neurons directly into the degenerating substantia nigra is discussed as a novel concept aiming to guide axonal growth by activating GTPase signaling through protein-functionalized intracellular magnetic nanoparticles responding to external magnets.
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25
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Li B, Chen P, Wang J, Wang L, Ren M, Zhang R, He J. MicroRNA-1254 exerts oncogenic effects by directly targeting RASSF9 in human breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2145-2156. [PMID: 30132526 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play crucial roles in human breast cancer. Although miR-1254 has been shown to have oncogenic activity in several cancer types, its biological function in breast cancer and its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-1254 in human breast cancer and sought to elucidate the relevant underlying mechanisms. We found that miR-1254 expression was markedly increased in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Additionally, miR-1254 overexpression accelerated breast cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle G1-S phase transition and inhibited apoptosis. Nevertheless, the inhibition of miR-1254 suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Further analyses revealed that miR-1254 expression negatively correlated with RASSF9 expression in breast cancer tissues. We verified that RASSF9 was a direct target of miR-1254 using a luciferase reporter assay. The overexpression of miR-1254 reduced the RASSF9 mRNA and protein levels, and the suppression of miR-1254 promoted RASSF9 expression. Notably, the knockdown or overexpression of RASSF9 corroborated the biological effects observed upon miR-1254 overexpression or inhibition. Taken together, these results demonstrate that miR-1254 accelerates breast cancer cell growth by activating the AKT signaling pathway and suppresses apoptosis by inhibiting p53 expression through the targeting of RASSF9. The data indicate that miR-1254 plays a crucial role in human breast cancer, and may represent a novel therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Affiliated Baoji Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Baoji, Shaanxi 721006, P.R. China
| | - Linxia Wang
- Foreign Language College, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710059, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Ren
- Affiliated Baoji Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Baoji, Shaanxi 721006, P.R. China
| | - Ruisan Zhang
- Institution of Basic Medical Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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26
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Iwasa H, Sarkar A, Shimizu T, Sawada T, Hossain S, Xu X, Maruyama J, Arimoto-Matsuzaki K, Withanage K, Nakagawa K, Kurihara H, Kuroyanagi H, Hata Y. UNC119 is a binding partner of tumor suppressor Ras-association domain family 6 and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by MDM2 and p53. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2767-2780. [PMID: 29931788 PMCID: PMC6125449 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-association domain family 6 (RASSF6) is a tumor suppressor that interacts with MDM2 and stabilizes p53. Caenorhabditis elegans unc-119 encodes a protein that is required for normal development of the nervous system. Humans have 2 unc-119 homologues, UNC119 and UNC119B. We have identified UNC119 as a RASSF6-interacting protein. UNC119 promotes the interaction between RASSF6 and MDM2 and stabilizes p53. Thus, UNC119 induces apoptosis by RASSF6 and p53. UNC119 depletion impairs DNA repair after DNA damage and results in polyploid cell generation. These findings support that UNC119 is a regulator of the RASSF6-MDM2-p53 axis and functions as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwasa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aradhan Sarkar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Shimizu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Sawada
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoyin Xu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,China Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junichi Maruyama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Arimoto-Matsuzaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanchanamala Withanage
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetake Kurihara
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Aino University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidehito Kuroyanagi
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Iwasa H, Hossain S, Hata Y. Tumor suppressor C-RASSF proteins. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1773-1787. [PMID: 29353317 PMCID: PMC11105443 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2756-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human genome has ten genes that are collectedly called Ras association domain family (RASSF). RASSF is composed of two subclasses, C-RASSF and N-RASSF. Both N-RASSF and C-RASSF encode Ras association domain-containing proteins and are frequently suppressed by DNA hypermethylation in human cancers. However, C-RASSF and N-RASSF are quite different. Six C-RASSF proteins (RASSF1-6) are characterized by a C-terminal coiled-coil motif named Salvador/RASSF/Hippo domain, while four N-RASSF proteins (RASSF7-10) lack it. C-RASSF proteins interact with mammalian Ste20-like kinases-the core kinases of the tumor suppressor Hippo pathway-and cross-talk with this pathway. Some of them share the same interacting molecules such as MDM2 and exert the tumor suppressor role in similar manners. Nevertheless, each C-RASSF protein has distinct characters. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of how C-RASSF proteins play tumor suppressor roles and discuss the similarities and differences among C-RASSF proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwasa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Yutaka Hata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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28
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Decreased level of RASSF6 in sporadic colorectal cancer and its anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19813-23. [PMID: 27009808 PMCID: PMC4991420 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-association domain family protein 6 (RASSF6) is a member of tumor suppressor RASSFs family with a wide range of function from RAS interaction, Hippo signaling involvement to cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. RASSF6 is reported inactivated in various types of cancer. However, whether RASSF6 is associated with colorectal cancer and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be investigated. In our previous exome sequencing study, we found a somatic loss-of-function (LoF) mutation in RASSF6 in one sporadic colorectal cancer (sCRC) patient, and two missense mutations in deep sequencing group of sCRC samples, implying the possibility that RASSF6 may be involved in the pathogenesis of sCRC. In this study, we demonstrate that RASSF6 acts as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer cells. Decreased level of RASSF6 was observed in adenocarcinoma compared to normal tissues, especially in advanced tumor cases. Further experiments showed exogenous introduction of RASSF6 into LoVo cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, knockdown of RASSF6 in HT-29 cells showed the opposite effects. Taken together, our results suggest, in addition to epigenetics changes, functional somatic mutations may also contribute to the downregulation of RASSF6 and further participate in the pathogenesis of sCRC. RASSF6 may serve as a novel candidate against tumor growth for sCRC.
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29
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Nejadtaghi M, Jafari H, Farrokhi E, Samani KG. Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX) and the correlation with various genes-A systematic review. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:388-397. [PMID: 29096939 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X (FCCTX) is a type of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in accordance to Amsterdam criteria-1 for Lynch syndrome, with no related mutation in mismatch repair gene. FCCTX is microsatellite stable and is accounted for 40% of families with Amsterdam criteria-1 with a high age of onset. Thus, the carcinogenesis of FCCTX is different compared to Lynch syndrome. In addition to the microsatellite stability and the presence of less predominant tumors in proximal colon, various clinical features have also been associated with FCCTX in comparison with Lynch syndrome such as no increased risk of extra-colonic cancers, older age of diagnosis and higher adenoma/carcinoma rate. Genetic etiology of this type of cancer which is autosomal dominant is unknown. In this review, we focus on the genes and their variants identified in this type of CRC. In order to find out the correlation between FCCTX and various genes database such as PubMed and PMC, search engine such as Google scholar and portals such as Springer and Elsevier have been searched. Based on our literature search, several studies suggest that FCCTX is a heterogeneous type of disease with different genetic variants. Recent studies describe the correlation between FCCTX and genes such as BRCA2, SEMA4, NTS, RASSF9, GALNT12, KRAS, BRAF, APC, BMPR1A, and RPS20. Considering the fact that BRCA2 has the highest mutation rate (60%) and is one of the most crucial DNA repair genes, it will be considered as a big role player in this type of cancer in comparison with other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Nejadtaghi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hamideh Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Effat Farrokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Keihan Ghatreh Samani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
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30
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Banerjee JJ, Aerne BL, Holder MV, Hauri S, Gstaiger M, Tapon N. Meru couples planar cell polarity with apical-basal polarity during asymmetric cell division. eLife 2017; 6:e25014. [PMID: 28665270 PMCID: PMC5493435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarity is a shared feature of most cells. In epithelia, apical-basal polarity often coexists, and sometimes intersects with planar cell polarity (PCP), which orients cells in the epithelial plane. From a limited set of core building blocks (e.g. the Par complexes for apical-basal polarity and the Frizzled/Dishevelled complex for PCP), a diverse array of polarized cells and tissues are generated. This suggests the existence of little-studied tissue-specific factors that rewire the core polarity modules to the appropriate conformation. In Drosophila sensory organ precursors (SOPs), the core PCP components initiate the planar polarization of apical-basal determinants, ensuring asymmetric division into daughter cells of different fates. We show that Meru, a RASSF9/RASSF10 homologue, is expressed specifically in SOPs, recruited to the posterior cortex by Frizzled/Dishevelled, and in turn polarizes the apical-basal polarity factor Bazooka (Par3). Thus, Meru belongs to a class of proteins that act cell/tissue-specifically to remodel the core polarity machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Banerjee
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit L Aerne
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maxine V Holder
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hauri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gstaiger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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31
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Chen YJ, Chang CL, Lee WR, Liou J. RASSF4 controls SOCE and ER-PM junctions through regulation of PI(4,5)P 2. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2011-2025. [PMID: 28600435 PMCID: PMC5496610 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS association domain family 4 (RASSF4) is involved in tumorigenesis. Chen et al. show that RASSF4 regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry and ER–PM junctions by affecting PI(4,5)P2 levels. RASSF4 interacts with and regulates the activity of ARF6, an upstream regulator of PIP5K and PI(4,5)P2. RAS association domain family 4 (RASSF4) is involved in tumorigenesis and regulation of the Hippo pathway. In this study, we identify new functional roles of RASSF4. First, we discovered that RASSF4 regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a fundamental Ca2+ signaling mechanism, by affecting the translocation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) to ER–plasma membrane (PM) junctions. It was further revealed that RASSF4 regulates the formation of ER–PM junctions and the ER–PM tethering function of extended synaptotagmins E-Syt2 and E-Syt3. Moreover, steady-state PM phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI[4,5]P2) levels, important for localization of STIM1 and E-Syts at ER–PM junctions, were reduced in RASSF4-knockdown cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that RASSF4 interacts with and regulates the activity of adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), a small G protein and upstream regulator of type I phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIP5Ks) and PM PI(4,5)P2 levels. Overall, our study suggests that RASSF4 controls SOCE and ER–PM junctions through ARF6-dependent regulation of PM PI(4,5)P2 levels, pivotal for a variety of physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Chi-Lun Chang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Wan-Ru Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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32
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He C, Wang L, Zhang J, Xu H. Hypoxia-inducible microRNA-224 promotes the cell growth, migration and invasion by directly targeting RASSF8 in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:35. [PMID: 28173803 PMCID: PMC5297251 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0603-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia plays an important role in the development of various cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and modulate the tumorigenesis, including gastric cancer. However, the roles and molecular mechanism of miR-224 in gastric cancer under hypoxia remain poorly understood. Method Real-time PCR and Northern blot assay were used to examine the effects of hypoxia and HIF-1α on miR-224 expression. Luciferase and ChIP assays were performed to determine whether miR-224 was a transcriptional target of HIF-1α. Then MTT, colony formation, in vitro scratch and invasion assays were used to detect the effects of miR-224 on cell growth, migration and invasion under hypoxia, as well as the in vivo animal study. Luciferase assay and Western blot were performed to validate the targets of miR-224. Functional studies were performed to determine the roles of RASSF8 as that of miR-224 under hypoxia. The effects of RASSF8 knockdown on the transcriptional activity and translocation of NF-κB were investigated using Luciferase assay and Western blot, respectively. Finally, the expression levels of miR-224 and RASSF8 were detected using real-time PCR in gastric cancer tissues as well as lymph node metastasis tissues. Results We demonstrated that miR-224 was upregulated by hypoxia and HIF-1α. HIF-1α affected miR-224 expression at the transcriptional level. MiR-224 inhibition suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion induced by hypoxia, while miR-224 overexpression resulted in opposite effects. MiR-224 inhibition also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. We then validated that RASSF8 was a direct target of miR-224. RASSF8 overexpression inhibited cell growth and invasion, while RASSF8 knockdown ameliorated the inhibitory effects of miR-224 inhibition on cell growth and invasion. Furthermore, we found that RASSF8 knockdown enhanced the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and p65 translocation, while RASSF8 overexpression resulted in opposite effects. Inhibition of NF-κB activity by PDTC attenuated the effects of RASSF8 knockdown on cell proliferation and invasion. Finally, miR-224 was upregulated in both gastric cancer tissues and lymph node metastasis positive tissues, while RASSF8 expression was opposite to that of miR-224. Conclusion These results indicate that hypoxia-inducible miR-224 promotes gastric cancer cell growth, migration and invasion by downregulating RASSF8 and acts as an oncogene, implying that inhibition of miR-224 may have potential as a therapeutic target for patients with hypoxic gastric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal and anal surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Wang F, Li P, Feng Y, Hu YL, Liu YF, Guo YB, Jiang XL, Mao QS, Xue WJ. Low expression of RASSF10 is associated with poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2016; 62:108-114. [PMID: 28041974 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The RASSF10 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in human colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the expression of RASSF10 in patients with CRC has not been evaluated for its potential use as a biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of CRC. We analyzed the expression of RASSF10 mRNA (n=30) and protein (n=205) in CRC and matched noncancerous colon tissue samples to explore the relationships among RASSF10 expression, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis in patients with CRC. Our results showed that the expression of RASSF10 mRNA and protein in CRC-adjacent tissues was higher than that in CRC tissues. Low RASSF10 expression was associated with the T stage (P=.037, odds ratio, 0.664; 95% confidence interval, 0.452-0.975) and the N stage (P<.001, odds ratio, 0.318; 95% confidence interval, 0.184-0.549) of the tumors. In addition, univariate analysis revealed that patients with CRC with lower RASSF10 expression had poorer overall survival (OS; P<.001) and disease-free survival (DFS; P<.001). The 5-year OS and DFS rates were 48.2% and 28.3%, respectively, in patients with low RASSF10 expression and 82.2% and 62.6%, respectively, in patients with high RASSF10 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictors of OS and DFS were RASSF10 expression (P<.001 and P<.001, respectively), T stage (P=.003 and P=.009, respectively), and N stage (P=.005 and P=.026, respectively). These results demonstrate that low expression of RASSF10 in CRC tissues is significantly correlated with poor survival after curative resection and may serve as a useful biomarker predictive of CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi-Lin Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi-Bing Guo
- Department of Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xin-Lin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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34
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Wang F, Feng Y, Li P, Wang K, Feng L, Liu YF, Huang H, Guo YB, Mao QS, Xue WJ. RASSF10 is an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor and independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4279-97. [PMID: 26701853 PMCID: PMC4826205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of the Ras-association domain family 10 (RASSF10) promoter region correlates with clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis in several human cancers. Here, we examined RASSF10 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its role in hepatocarcinogenesis. RASSF10 mRNA and protein levels were downregulated in both HCC cell lines and patient tissue samples. In patient tissues, low RASSF10 levels correlated with hepatocirrhosis, poor tumor differentiation, tumor thrombus and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and were indicative of increased tumor recurrence and reduced patient survival. Low RASSF10 expression was associated with promoter hypermethylation, which was in turn associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and aflatoxin B1 exposure, but not DNA methyltransferase expression. Overexpression of RASSF10 in HCC cell lines suppressed cell growth and colony formation, and induced apoptosis by up- or down-regulating specific Bcl-2 family proteins. RASSF10 overexpression increased pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad levels, but decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression. Overexpression also inhibited tumor formation in nude mice and reduced cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RASSF10 knockdown promoted cell growth. Our results show that RASSF10 is frequently hypermethylated and down-regulated in HCC and can potentially serve as a useful biomarker predictive of HCC patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bing Guo
- Department of Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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35
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Huang Y, Li Y, Wang FF, Lv W, Xie X, Cheng X. Over-Expressed miR-224 Promotes the Progression of Cervical Cancer via Targeting RASSF8. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162378. [PMID: 27626930 PMCID: PMC5023165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women from developing countries. Identification of novel prognostic predictors or therapeutic targets may improve patient prognosis. In the current study, we demonstrated by real-time PCR that miR-224 expression was significantly upregulated (1.82-fold, P = 0.0025) in cervical cancer tissues (n = 126) compared with in normal cervical tissues (n = 64). Higher expression of miR-224 was significantly associated with poorer prognostic factors, including advanced FIGO stage, nodal metastasis, larger tumor size, vascular involvement and deep stromal invasion (all P < 0.05). Enforced expression of miR-224 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion in SiHa and CaSki cancer cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that RASSF8 (RAS-association domain family 8) was a potential target of miR-224. Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that overexpressed miR-224 inhibited RASSF8 protein expression and decreased the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of RASSF8, respectively. Further, RASSF8 knockdown by specific RNAi showed similar effects in cervical cancer cells transfected with miR-224 mimic. Our findings suggest that miR-224 directly targets RASSF8 and thereby acts as a tumor promoter in cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongJie Huang
- Women’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen F. Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - WeiGuo Lv
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang L, Wang JH, Liang RX, Huang ST, Xu J, Yuan LJ, Huang L, Zhou Y, Yu XJ, Wu SY, Luo RZ, Yun JP, Jia WH, Zheng M. RASSF8 downregulation promotes lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34510-24. [PMID: 26439687 PMCID: PMC4741469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are the major routes of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) metastasis. Tumor cells secrete pro-lymphangiogenic factors to induce new lymphatic vessels, promoting lymph node metastasis. In this study, we show that RAS association domain family 8 (RASSF8) expression in ESCC clinical samples was inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis and patients survival. Tumor cells with low RASSF8 expression had higher apparent migratory ability, and promoted and lymphangiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. RASSF8 downregulation enhanced VEGF-C expression and caused subcellular redistribution of p65 in ESCC. Our results show that RASSF8 acts as a tumor suppressor in ESCC and is a potential therapeutic target for preventing lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Xin Liang
- Cardiovascular Department, Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ting Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Jing Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Long Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Juan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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37
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Wang J, Hua W, Huang SK, Fan K, Takeshima L, Mao Y, Hoon DSB. RASSF8 regulates progression of cutaneous melanoma through nuclear factor-κb. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30165-77. [PMID: 26334503 PMCID: PMC4745788 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group previously demonstrated that the RASSF1 gene has a significant tumor suppressor role in cutaneous melanoma. The RASSF8 gene is a member of the N-terminal RASSF gene family. Previously, we identified RASSF8 (HOJ1, NCBI Gene ID:11228) expression in cutaneous melanoma; however the functional role of RASSF8 in melanoma is not known. RASSF8 expression was assessed in melanoma cell lines and tumors of different AJCC stages. Results indicated that RASSF8 expression was low in metastatic melanoma lines and decreased with melanoma progression. We then explored the mechanism of RASSF8 downregulation in melanoma by assessing methylation of RASSF8 and demonstrated that methylation of RASSF8 gene promoter was higher in advanced than in early stages melanomas. Functional activity of RASSF8 in melanoma lines by knockdown and overexpression of RASSF8 demonstrated that RASSF8 expression significantly inhibited cell growth, cell migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of RASSF8 expression significantly increased cell growth, cell migration and invasion of melanoma cells by increasing expression of P65 and its downstream target IL-6. Moreover RASSF8 was found to induce apoptosis in melanoma cells by activating the P53-P21 pathway, and also in vivo studies demonstrated that inhibiting RASSF8 increases the tumorigenic properties of human melanoma xenografts. These results suggest that RASSF8 plays a significant role in suppressing the progression of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sharon K Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Takeshima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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38
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Margineanu A, Chan JJ, Kelly DJ, Warren SC, Flatters D, Kumar S, Katan M, Dunsby CW, French PMW. Screening for protein-protein interactions using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Sci Rep 2016; 6:28186. [PMID: 27339025 PMCID: PMC4919659 DOI: 10.1038/srep28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high content multiwell plate cell-based assay approach to quantify protein interactions directly in cells using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) read out by automated fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Automated FLIM is implemented using wide-field time-gated detection, typically requiring only 10 s per field of view (FOV). Averaging over biological, thermal and shot noise with 100's to 1000's of FOV enables unbiased quantitative analysis with high statistical power. Plotting average donor lifetime vs. acceptor/donor intensity ratio clearly identifies protein interactions and fitting to double exponential donor decay models provides estimates of interacting population fractions that, with calibrated donor and acceptor fluorescence intensities, can yield dissociation constants. We demonstrate the application to identify binding partners of MST1 kinase and estimate interaction strength among the members of the RASSF protein family, which have important roles in apoptosis via the Hippo signalling pathway. KD values broadly agree with published biochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Margineanu
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jia Jia Chan
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin building, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Douglas J. Kelly
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imperial College London, Institute of Chemical Biology, London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sean C. Warren
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Imperial College London, Institute of Chemical Biology, London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Delphine Flatters
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico, Inserm UMR-S 973, 35 rue Helene Brion, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matilda Katan
- University College London, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin building, Gower St., London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher W. Dunsby
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul M. W. French
- Imperial College London, Dept. Physics, Photonics Lab., Blackett building, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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39
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Donninger H, Schmidt ML, Mezzanotte J, Barnoud T, Clark GJ. Ras signaling through RASSF proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:86-95. [PMID: 27288568 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are six core RASSF family proteins that contain conserved Ras Association domains and may serve as Ras effectors. They lack intrinsic enzymatic activity and appear to function as scaffolding and localization molecules. While initially being associated with pro-apoptotic signaling pathways such as Bax and Hippo, it is now clear that they can also connect Ras to a surprisingly broad range of signaling pathways that control senescence, inflammation, autophagy, DNA repair, ubiquitination and protein acetylation. Moreover, they may be able to impact the activation status of pro-mitogenic Ras effector pathways, such as the Raf pathway. The frequent epigenetic inactivation of RASSF genes in human tumors disconnects Ras from pro-death signaling systems, enhancing Ras driven transformation and metastasis. The best characterized members are RASSF1A and RASSF5 (NORE1A).
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Donninger
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - M Lee Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacoloxy and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jessica Mezzanotte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Molecular Targets Program, J.G Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Thibaut Barnoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Molecular Targets Program, J.G Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Geoffrey J Clark
- Department of Pharmacoloxy and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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40
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Richter AM, Walesch SK, Dammann RH. Aberrant Promoter Methylation of the Tumour Suppressor RASSF10 and Its Growth Inhibitory Function in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:cancers8030026. [PMID: 26927176 PMCID: PMC4810110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 1.7 million new cases each year. As early diagnosis and prognosis are crucial factors in cancer treatment, we investigated potential DNA methylation biomarkers of the tumour suppressor family Ras-association domain family (RASSF). Promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressors leads to their inactivation and thereby promotes cancer development and progression. In this study we analysed the tumour suppressors RASSF1A and RASSF10. Our study shows that RASSF10 is expressed in normal breast but inactivated by methylation in breast cancer. We observed a significant inactivating promoter methylation of RASSF10 in primary breast tumours. RASSF10 is inactivated in 63% of primary breast cancer samples but only 4% of normal control breast tissue is methylated (p < 0.005). RASSF1A also shows high promoter methylation levels in breast cancer of 56% vs. 8% of normal tissue (p < 0.005). Interestingly more than 80% of breast cancer samples harboured a hypermethylation of RASSF10 and/or RASSF1A promoter. Matching samples exhibited a strong tumour specific promoter methylation of RASSF10 in comparison to the normal control breast tissue. Demethylation treatment of breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D reversed RASSF10 promoter hypermethylation and re-established RASSF10 expression. In addition, we could show the growth inhibitory potential of RASSF10 in breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D upon exogenous expression of RASSF10 by colony formation. We could further show, that RASSF10 induced apoptotic changes in MCF7 and T47D cells, which was verified by a significant increase in the apoptotic sub G1 fraction by 50% using flow cytometry for MCF7 cells. In summary, our study shows the breast tumour specific inactivation of RASSF10 and RASSF1A due to DNA methylation of their CpG island promoters. Furthermore RASSF10 was characterised by the ability to block growth of breast cancer cell lines by apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje M Richter
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.
| | - Sara K Walesch
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany.
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Guo J, Yang Y, Yang Y, Linghu E, Zhan Q, Brock MV, Herman JG, Zhang B, Guo M. RASSF10 suppresses colorectal cancer growth by activating P53 signaling and sensitizes colorectal cancer cell to docetaxel. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4202-13. [PMID: 25638156 PMCID: PMC4414183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RASSF10 has previously been reported to be frequently methylated in a number of malignancies. To understand the importance of RASSF10 inactivation in colorectal carcinogenesis, eight colorectal cancer cell lines, 89 cases of primary colorectal cancer and 5 cases of normal colorectal mucosa were examined. Methylation specific PCR, western blot, siRNA, gene expression array and xenograft mice were employed. The expression of RASSF10 was regulated by promoter regional methylation in colorectal cancer cells. RASSF10 was methylated in 60.7% (54/89) of primary colorectal cancers and was positively associated with tumor stage (p < 0.05) and metastasis (p < 0.05). Restoration of RASSF10 led to inhibition of colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and increased apoptosis. Gene expression arrays discovered RASSF10 inhibition of MDM2 expression as a mediator of these effects, which was confirmed with RT-PCR and western blot. RASSF10 was shown to activate P53 signaling in RKO and HCT116 cells after UV exposure, and sensitized these cells to docetaxel. In conclusion, our study demonstrates RASSF10 is frequently methylated in human colorectal cancer leading to loss of expression. RASSF10 normally suppresses human colorectal cancer growth by activating P53 signaling in colorectal cancer, and restored expression sensitizes colorectal cancer to docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R.China
| | - Yage Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R.China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R.China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R.China
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R.China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R.China
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, U.S.A
| | - James G Herman
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, U.S.A
| | - Bingyong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R.China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R.China
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42
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Shi Z, Jiao S, Zhou Z. STRIPAK complexes in cell signaling and cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4549-57. [PMID: 26876214 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes are striatin-centered multicomponent supramolecular structures containing both kinases and phosphatases. STRIPAK complexes are evolutionarily conserved and have critical roles in protein (de)phosphorylation. Recent studies indicate that STRIPAK complexes are emerging mediators and regulators of multiple vital signaling pathways including Hippo, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), nuclear receptor and cytoskeleton remodeling. Different types of STRIPAK complexes are extensively involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes ranging from cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis to metabolism, immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Growing evidence correlates dysregulation of STRIPAK complexes with human diseases including cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the assembly and functions of STRIPAK complexes, with a special focus on cell signaling and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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43
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Gulsen T, Hadjicosti I, Li Y, Zhang X, Whitley PR, Chalmers AD. Truncated RASSF7 promotes centrosomal defects and cell death. Dev Biol 2015; 409:502-17. [PMID: 26569555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RASSF7 protein localises to the centrosome and plays a key role in mitosis. Its expression is also increased in a range of tumour types. However, little is known about the molecular basis of RASSF7's function and it is not clear if it acts as an oncogene in the cancers where its levels are elevated. Here, we carry out the first analysis of the domains of rassf7, focusing on which of them are responsible for its localisation to the centrosome. Constructs were generated to allow the expression of a series of truncated versions of rassf7 and the level of centrosomal localisation shown by each protein quantified. This analysis was carried out in Xenopus embryos which are a tractable system where rassf7 localisation can easily be studied. Our data shows that the coiled-coil domain of rassf7 is required and sufficient to direct its centrosomal localisation. The RA domain did not appear to have a role in mediating localisation. Surprisingly, removal of the extreme C-terminus of the protein caused rassf7 to accumulate at the centrosome and drive centrosome defects, including accumulation of the centrosomal protein γ-tubulin and an amplification of the number of γ-tubulin foci. These effects required the centrosomal localisation mediated by the coiled-coil domain. Later in development cells expressing this truncated rassf7 protein underwent cell death. Finally, analysis of a database of tumour sequences identified a mutation in RASSF7 which would cause a similar C-terminal truncation of the protein. Based on our data this truncated protein might drive centrosomal defects and we propose the hypothesis that truncated RASSF7 could act as an oncogene in a small subset of tumours where it is mutated in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulay Gulsen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Hadjicosti
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Yueshi Li
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Xinyun Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Whitley
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Chalmers
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Feng L, Li J, Yan LD, Tang J. RASSF1A suppresses proliferation of cervical cancer cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5917-20. [PMID: 25081722 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the effects of ras association domain family 1 A (RASSF1A) on proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical cancer cell line Hela cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS RASSF1A was cloned into the pcDNA3.1(+) vector to generate pcDNA3.1(+)-RASSF1A plasmid for transfection into Hela cells. Changes in the proliferation and apoptosis of cultured Hela cells were examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium chloride assay and flow cytometry. A protein array was used to analyze the expression of apoptotic factors. RESULTS Plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-RASSF1A was generated and transfected into Hela cells to stably express RASSF1A in Hela cells. RASSF1A transfection was effective in inhibiting the proliferation of Hela cells up to 52.4%, as compared to cells transfected with an empty plasmid. RASSF1A expression also successfully induced apoptosis in human cervical cells with an apoptosis rate of 20.5%. More importantly, protein array results showed that RASSF1 A transfection induced overexpression of p21 and caspase 8, while decreasing the expression of survivin in Hela cells. CONCLUSIONS RASSF1A expression was effective in suppressing the proliferation and increasing apoptosis of Hela cells, and may be a potential therapy for cervical cancer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Pingyi County; Shandong Province, Pingyi, PR China E-mail :
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Ye HL, Li DD, Lin Q, Zhou Y, Zhou QB, Zeng B, Fu ZQ, Gao WC, Liu YM, Chen RW, Li ZH, Chen RF. Low RASSF6 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with poor survival. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:6621-6630. [PMID: 26074700 PMCID: PMC4458772 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze RASSF6 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to determine whether RASSF6 has an independent prognostic value in PDAC.
METHODS: We studied RASSF6 expression in 96 histologically confirmed PDAC samples and 20 chronic pancreatitis specimens using immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. PDAC issues were then classified as RASSF6 strongly positive, weakly positive or negative. RASSF6 mRNA and protein expression in PDAC samples with strong positive staining was further evaluated using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Lastly, correlations between RASSF6 staining and patients’ clinicopathological variables and outcomes were assessed.
RESULTS: RASSF6 was negatively expressed in 51 (53.1%) PDAC samples, weakly positively expressed in 29 (30.2%) and strongly positively expressed in 16 (16.7%), while its expression was much higher in para-tumor tissues and chronic pancreatitis tissues. Positive relationships between RASSF6 expression and T-stage (P = 0.047) and perineural invasion (P = 0.026) were observed. The median survival time of strongly and weakly positive and negative RASSF6 staining groups was 33 mo, 15 mo and 11 mo, respectively. Cox multivariate analysis indicated that RASSF6 was an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival in patients with PDAC. A survival curve analysis revealed that increased RASSF6 expression was correlated with better overall survival (P = 0.009).
CONCLUSION: RASSF6 expression is an independent biomarker of an unfavorable prognosis in patients with PDAC.
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Sánchez-Tomé E, Rivera B, Perea J, Pita G, Rueda D, Mercadillo F, Canal A, Gonzalez-Neira A, Benitez J, Urioste M. Genome-wide linkage analysis and tumoral characterization reveal heterogeneity in familial colorectal cancer type X. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:657-66. [PMID: 25381643 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-014-1009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) fulfils clinical criteria defining Lynch syndrome (LS), but is not related to germline mutations in DNA mismatch-repair genes. Its aetiology remains unexplained and there is little evidence of involvement of the common colorectal carcinogenetic pathways. We aimed to identify susceptibility loci and gain insights into carcinogenic pathways involved FCCTX tumour development. METHODS We performed a linkage analysis in 22 FCCTX families. We also constructed a tissue microarray in order to define an immunohistochemical (IHC) profile for FCCTX tumours (N = 27) by comparing them to three other types of colorectal tumors: LS (N = 18), stable early-onset (N = 31) and other sporadic disease (N = 80). Additionally, we screened for BRAF/KRAS mutations and determined CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status for all FCCTX tumours. RESULTS We found suggestive evidence of linkage at four chromosomal regions; 2p24.3, 4q13.1, 4q31.21 and 12q21.2-q21.31. We screened genes in 12q21 and ruled out the implication of RASSF9 and NTS, good candidates due to their potential involvement in carcinogenesis and colorectal epithelium development. Based on IHC profiles FCCTX tumours did not form a single, exclusive cluster. They were clearly different from LS, but very similar to stable early onset tumours. The CIMP and chromosomal instability pathways were implicated in one-third and one-quarter of FCCTX cases, respectively. The remaining cases did not have alterations in any known carcinogenic pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the heterogeneity of FCCTX tumours and call into question the utility of using only clinical criteria to identify FCCTX cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sánchez-Tomé
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain,
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Interstitial 12p deletion involving more than 40 genes in a patient with postnatal microcephaly, psychomotor delay, optic nerve atrophy, and facial dysmorphism. Meta Gene 2015; 2:72-82. [PMID: 25606391 PMCID: PMC4287802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial deletions of chromosome 12p are rare, and the phenotype spectrum is therefore still unknown. The thirteen patients reported so far suffer from developmental delay, optic nerve hypoplasia, micropenis, hypoplastic hair and skin, oligodontia, brachydactyly, and arterial hypertension. We report a de novo 12p12.2-p11.22 deletion of 9.2 Mb detected by array CGH analysis in a boy with global developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, postnatal microcephaly, facial dysmorphism including small ears, epicanthus, broad nasal bridge and hypoplastic nostrils. In addition, the patient had optic nerve atrophy, inverted nipples, micropenis, and a hemangioma. The deleted region encompasses more than 40 reference genes. We compare phenotype and deletion extent of our index patient to that of previous reports and thereby contribute to the understanding of interstitial 12p deletion phenotypes. Knowledge of the pattern of this deletion phenotype will help clinicians to diagnose this abnormality in their patients and to counsel the parents accordingly. Further descriptions may be able to contribute to the clarification.
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Fernandez-Cuesta L, Sun R, Menon R, George J, Lorenz S, Meza-Zepeda LA, Peifer M, Plenker D, Heuckmann JM, Leenders F, Zander T, Dahmen I, Koker M, Schöttle J, Ullrich RT, Altmüller J, Becker C, Nürnberg P, Seidel H, Böhm D, Göke F, Ansén S, Russell PA, Wright GM, Wainer Z, Solomon B, Petersen I, Clement JH, Sänger J, Brustugun OT, Helland Å, Solberg S, Lund-Iversen M, Buettner R, Wolf J, Brambilla E, Vingron M, Perner S, Haas SA, Thomas RK. Identification of novel fusion genes in lung cancer using breakpoint assembly of transcriptome sequencing data. Genome Biol 2015; 16:7. [PMID: 25650807 PMCID: PMC4300615 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-014-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic translocation events frequently underlie cancer development through generation of gene fusions with oncogenic properties. Identification of such fusion transcripts by transcriptome sequencing might help to discover new potential therapeutic targets. We developed TRUP (Tumor-specimen suited RNA-seq Unified Pipeline) (https://github.com/ruping/TRUP), a computational approach that combines split-read and read-pair analysis with de novo assembly for the identification of chimeric transcripts in cancer specimens. We apply TRUP to RNA-seq data of different tumor types, and find it to be more sensitive than alternative tools in detecting chimeric transcripts, such as secondary rearrangements in EML4-ALK-positive lung tumors, or recurrent inactivating rearrangements affecting RASSF8.
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Richter AM, Zimmermann T, Haag T, Walesch SK, Dammann RH. Promoter methylation status of Ras-association domain family members in pheochromocytoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:21. [PMID: 25750636 PMCID: PMC4333862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that arise from the medulla of the adrenal gland or the sympathetic ganglia and are characterized by the secretion of catecholamines. In 30-40% of patients, PCCs are genetically determined by susceptibility genes as various as RET, VHL, and NF1. We have analyzed the Ras-association domain family members (RASSFs) in PCCs regarding their inactivating promoter hypermethylation status. Previously, we reported a promoter methylation in PCC for the first family member RASSF1A. Promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands leads to the silencing of the according transcript and is a common mechanism for inactivation of tumor suppressors. In this study, we observed inactivating DNA modifications for the RASSF members RASSF2, RASSF5A, RASSF9, and RASSF10, but not for the members RASSF3, RASSF4, RASSF5C, RASSF6, RASSF7, and RASSF8. The degree of promoter methylation was 19% for RASSF2, 67% for RASSF5A, 18% for RASSF9, and 74% for RASSF10. Interestingly, the degree of hypermethylation for RASSF10 in hereditary PCCs was 89 vs. 60% in sporadic PCCs. A similar but less dramatic effect was observed in RASSF5A and RASSF9. Including all RASSF members, we found that of 25 PCCs, 92% show promoter methylation in at least in one RASSF member. In 75% of the hereditary PCC samples, we found two or more methylated RASSF promoters, whereas in sporadic PCCs only 46% were observed. In summary, we could show that in PCC several RASSF members are strongly hypermethylated in their promoter regions and methylation of more than one RASSF member occurs in the majority of PCCs. This adds the inactivation of genes of the RASSF tumor suppressor family to the already known deregulated genes of PCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje M. Richter
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Antje M. Richter, Heinrich-Buff Ring 58, Giessen, Hessen, Germany e-mail:
| | | | - Tanja Haag
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sara K. Walesch
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Gordon M, Baksh S. RASSF1A: Not a prototypical Ras effector. Small GTPases 2014; 2:148-157. [PMID: 21776416 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.2.3.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras association domain family (RASSF) of genes are commonly silenced by promoter specific methylation in human cancers. After the cloning of the first two family members in early 2000 (RASSF1 and RASSF5), eight other related genes have been identified (RASSF2, 3, 4 and 6-10). The unifying motif amongst all RASSF family members is the presence of the Ras association (RA) domain that could potentially associate with the Ras family of GTPases. Detailed analyses have determined that RASSF family members are tumor suppressor proteins, activators of cell death, cell cycle modulators, microtubule stabilizers and possibly inflammatory mediators linked to NFκB. As such, exploring the biological function of this gene family is needed and if indeed RASSF proteins could be the missing link between Ras signaling and apoptosis. Several RASSF family members have been demonstrated to associate with Ras. However, there is still controversy regarding the ability of RASSF1A to utilize Ras to promote cell death and of the importance of the RASSF1A RA domain. The focus of this review is to highlight the importance of Ras binding to the RASSF family of proteins and discuss what we currently know about the biology of RASSF1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton, AB Canada
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