1
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Pang R, Guo Y, Ren Y, Wu Y, Cao Z. The Tick Saliva Peptide HIDfsin2 TLR4-Dependently Inhibits the Tick-Borne Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Mouse Macrophages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:449. [PMID: 38786177 PMCID: PMC11117380 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ticks transmit a variety of pathogens to their hosts by feeding on blood. The interactions and struggle between tick pathogens and hosts have evolved bilaterally. The components of tick saliva can directly or indirectly trigger host biological responses in a manner that promotes pathogen transmission; however, host cells continuously develop strategies to combat pathogen infection and transmission. Moreover, it is still unknown how host cells develop their defense strategies against tick-borne viruses during tick sucking. Here, we found that the tick saliva peptide HIDfsin2 enhanced the antiviral innate immunity of mouse macrophages by activating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, thereby restricting tick-borne severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) replication. HIDfsin2 was identified to interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand of TLR4, and then depolymerize LPS micelles into smaller particles, effectively enhancing the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathways, which are downstream of TLR4. Expectedly, TLR4 knockout completely eliminated the promotion effect of HIDfsin2 on NF-κB and type I interferon activation. Moreover, HIDfsin2 enhanced SFTSV replication in TLR4-knockout mouse macrophages, which is consistent with our recent report that HIDfsin2 hijacked p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) to promote the replication of tick-borne SFTSV in A549 and Huh7 cells (human cell lines) with low expression of TLR4. Together, these results provide new insights into the innate immune mechanism of host cells following tick bites. Our study also shows a rare molecular event relating to the mutual antagonism between tick-borne SFTSV and host cells mediated by the tick saliva peptide HIDfsin2 at the tick-host-virus interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yishuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yiyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhijian Cao
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.L.); (R.P.); (Y.G.); (Y.R.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Andrä J, Aisenbrey C, Sudheendra US, Prudhon M, Brezesinski G, Zschech C, Willumeit-Römer R, Leippe M, Gutsmann T, Bechinger B. Structural analysis of the NK-lysin-derived peptide NK-2 upon interaction with bacterial membrane mimetics consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184267. [PMID: 38159877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
NK-2 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from helices 3 and 4 of the pore-forming protein of natural killer cells, NK-lysin. It has potent activities against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi and protozoan parasites without being toxic to healthy human cells. In biophysical assays its membrane activities were found to require phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lipids which dominate the composition of bacterial membranes. Here the structure and activities of NK-2 in binary mixtures of different PE/PG composition were investigated. CD spectroscopy reveals that a threshold concentration of 50 % PG is needed for efficient membrane association of NK-2 concomitant with a random coil - helix transition. Association with PE occurs but is qualitatively different when compared to PG membranes. Oriented solid-state NMR spectroscopy of NK-2 specifically labelled with 15N indicates that the NK-2 helices are oriented parallel to the PG bilayer surface. Upon reduction of the PG content to 20 mol% interactions are weaker and/or an in average more tilted orientation is observed. Fluorescence spectroscopy of differently labelled lipids is in agreement of an interfacial localisation of both helices where the C-terminal end is in a less hydrophobic environment. By inserting into the membrane interface and interacting differently with PE and PG the peptides probably induce high curvature strain which result in membrane openings and rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Andrä
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - U S Sudheendra
- University of Strasbourg / CNRS, UMR7177, Chemistry Institute, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Prudhon
- University of Strasbourg / CNRS, UMR7177, Chemistry Institute, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Department of Physics, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany; Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Zschech
- Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Leippe
- Comparative Immunobiology, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany; Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg / CNRS, UMR7177, Chemistry Institute, Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Semeraro EF, Marx L, Mandl J, Letofsky-Papst I, Mayrhofer C, Frewein MPK, Scott HL, Prévost S, Bergler H, Lohner K, Pabst G. Lactoferricins impair the cytosolic membrane of Escherichia coli within a few seconds and accumulate inside the cell. eLife 2022; 11:e72850. [PMID: 35670565 PMCID: PMC9352351 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the real-time response of Escherichia coli to lactoferricin-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on length scales bridging microscopic cell sizes to nanoscopic lipid packing using millisecond time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. Coupling a multiscale scattering data analysis to biophysical assays for peptide partitioning revealed that the AMPs rapidly permeabilize the cytosolic membrane within less than 3 s-much faster than previously considered. Final intracellular AMP concentrations of ∼80-100 mM suggest an efficient obstruction of physiologically important processes as the primary cause of bacterial killing. On the other hand, damage of the cell envelope and leakage occurred also at sublethal peptide concentrations, thus emerging as a collateral effect of AMP activity that does not kill the bacteria. This implies that the impairment of the membrane barrier is a necessary but not sufficient condition for microbial killing by lactoferricins. The most efficient AMP studied exceeds others in both speed of permeabilizing membranes and lowest intracellular peptide concentration needed to inhibit bacterial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico F Semeraro
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Lisa Marx
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Johannes Mandl
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Ilse Letofsky-Papst
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Moritz PK Frewein
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
- Institut Laue-LangevinGrenobleFrance
| | - Haden L Scott
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of TennesseeKnoxvilleUnited States
- Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeUnited States
| | | | - Helmut Bergler
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Karl Lohner
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth – University of GrazGrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Halder A, Karmakar S. An evidence of pores in phospholipid membrane induced by an antimicrobial peptide NK-2. Biophys Chem 2022; 282:106759. [PMID: 35008010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK-2, a peptide derived from a cationic core region of NK-lysin, has emerged as a promising candidate for new antibiotics. In contrast to classical antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides target bacterial membranes and disintegrate the membrane by forming the transmembrane pores. However, complete understanding of the precise mechanisms of cellular apoptosis and molecular basis of membrane selectivity is still in dispute. In the present study, we have shown that NK-2 forms trans-membrane pores on negatively charged phospholipid membranes using phase contrast microscopy. As bacteria mimicking membranes, we have chosen large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV) composed of negatively charged phospholipid, dioleoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DOPG) and neutral phospholipid, dioleoyl phophatidylcholine (DOPC). Leakage of internal fluid of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV), leading to decrease in intensity in the halo region of phase contrast micrographs, suggests the formation of transmembrane pores. No such reduction of intensity in the halo region of DOPC was observed, indicating, neutral vesicles does not exhibit pores. Rate constant reckoned from the decaying intensity in the halo region was found to be 0.007 s-1. Further, significant interaction of NK-2 with anionic membranes has been envisaged from zeta potential and dynamic light scattering. Binding free energy and other interaction parameters have been delineated using theoretical ansatz. A proliferation of average Size of anionic LUV on increasing NK-2 concentration indicates membrane-membrane interaction leading to peptide induced large aggregates of vesicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Halder
- Soft matter and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sanat Karmakar
- Soft matter and Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malanovic N, Ön A, Pabst G, Zellner A, Lohner K. Octenidine: Novel insights into the detailed killing mechanism of Gram-negative bacteria at a cellular and molecular level. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
6
|
Optimizing Exogenous Surfactant as a Pulmonary Delivery Vehicle for Chicken Cathelicidin-2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9392. [PMID: 32523049 PMCID: PMC7287084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of antibiotic-resistant lung infections has instigated a much-needed search for new therapeutic strategies. One proposed strategy is the use of exogenous surfactants to deliver antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), like CATH-2, to infected regions of the lung. CATH-2 can kill bacteria through a diverse range of antibacterial pathways and exogenous surfactant can improve pulmonary drug distribution. Unfortunately, mixing AMPs with commercially available exogenous surfactants has been shown to negatively impact their antimicrobial function. It was hypothesized that the phosphatidylglycerol component of surfactant was inhibiting AMP function and that an exogenous surfactant, with a reduced phosphatidylglycerol composition would increase peptide mediated killing at a distal site. To better understand how surfactant lipids interacted with CATH-2 and affected its function, isothermal titration calorimetry and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as bacterial killing curves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were utilized. Additionally, the wet bridge transfer system was used to evaluate surfactant spreading and peptide transport. Phosphatidylglycerol was the only surfactant lipid to significantly inhibit CATH-2 function, showing a stronger electrostatic interaction with the peptide than other lipids. Although diluting the phosphatidylglycerol content in an existing surfactant, through the addition of other lipids, significantly improved peptide function and distal killing, it also reduced surfactant spreading. A synthetic phosphatidylglycerol-free surfactant however, was shown to further improve CATH-2 delivery and function at a remote site. Based on these in vitro experiments synthetic phosphatidylglycerol-free surfactants seem optimal for delivering AMPs to the lung.
Collapse
|
7
|
Malanovic N, Marx L, Blondelle SE, Pabst G, Semeraro EF. Experimental concepts for linking the biological activities of antimicrobial peptides to their molecular modes of action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183275. [PMID: 32173291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for novel compounds to combat multi-resistant bacterial infections includes exploring the potency of antimicrobial peptides and derivatives thereof. Complementary to high-throughput screening techniques, biophysical and biochemical studies of the biological activity of these compounds enable deep insight, which can be exploited in designing antimicrobial peptides with improved efficacy. This approach requires the combination of several techniques to study the effect of such peptides on both bacterial cells and simple mimics of their cell envelope, such as lipid-only vesicles. These efforts carry the challenge of bridging results across techniques and sample systems, including the proper choice of membrane mimics. This review describes some important concepts toward the development of potent antimicrobial peptides and how they translate to frequently applied experimental techniques, along with an outline of the biophysics pertaining to the killing mechanism of antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermina Malanovic
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Marx
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
| | - Enrico F Semeraro
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A Mutation in the Mesorhizobium loti oatB Gene Alters the Physicochemical Properties of the Bacterial Cell Wall and Reduces Survival inside Acanthamoeba castellanii. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113510. [PMID: 30413017 PMCID: PMC6274867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous report, we had shown that the free-living amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii influenced the abundance, competiveness, and virulence of Mesorhizobium loti NZP2213, the microsymbiont of agriculturally important plants of the genus Lotus. The molecular basis of this phenomenon; however, had not been explored. In the present study, we demonstrated that oatB, the O-acetyltransferase encoding gene located in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis cluster of M. loti, was responsible for maintaining the protective capacity of the bacterial cell envelope, necessary for the bacteria to fight environmental stress and survive inside amoeba cells. Using co-culture assays combined with fluorescence and electron microscopy, we showed that an oatB mutant, unlike the parental strain, was efficiently destroyed after rapid internalization by amoebae. Sensitivity and permeability studies of the oatB mutant, together with topography and nanomechanical investigations with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), indicated that the incomplete substitution of lipid A-core moieties with O-polysaccharide (O-PS) residues rendered the mutant more sensitive to hydrophobic compounds. Likewise, the truncated LPS moieties, rather than the lack of O-acetyl groups, made the oatB mutant susceptible to the bactericidal mechanisms (nitrosative stress and the action of lytic enzymes) of A. castellanii.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chan LL, Mak JW, Ambu S, Chong PY. Identification and ultrastructural characterization of Acanthamoeba bacterial endocytobionts belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria class. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204732. [PMID: 30356282 PMCID: PMC6200196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection and identification of two endocytobiotic bacterial strains, one affiliated to the “Candidatus Caedibacter acanthamoebae”/“Ca. Paracaedimonas acanthamoeba”, and another to the endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba UWC8 and “Ca. Jidaibacter acanthamoeba” are described. For endocytobiont screening, we developed a PCR method with a set of broad-range bacterial 16S rRNA primers to substitute the commonly used but technically demanding fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Our PCR test alone without sequencing failed to discriminate the endocytobiont-containing and endocytobiont-free Acanthamoeba sp. due to the presence of mismatched primers to host mitochondrial DNA. We highlighted the need to perform bacterial primer checking against the Acanthamoeba genome to avoid false positive detection in PCR. Although the genetic aspect of “Ca. Caedibacter acanthamoebae”/“Ca. Paracaedimonas acanthamoeba” and the endosymbiont of Acanthamoeba UWC8/“Ca. Jidaibacter acanthamoeba” are well studied, knowledge pertaining to their morphologies are quite vague. Hence, we used transmission electron microscopy to examine our endocytobionts which are affiliated to previously described intracellular bacteria of Acanthamoeba sp. We used good-quality TEM images for the localization and the fate of the current endocytobionts inside different life stages of the hosts. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, our TEM findings are the first to provide morphological evidence for the clearance of defective Acanthamoeba endocytobionts via an autophagic-like process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li Chan
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Ambu
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pei Yee Chong
- Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
War Nongkhlaw FM, Joshi S. Microscopic study on colonization and antimicrobial property of endophytic bacteria associated with ethnomedicinal plants of Meghalaya. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2018; 5:132-139. [PMID: 30023247 PMCID: PMC6025718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic visualization using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can provide a better understanding of endophytic colonization within ethnomedicinal plants. Bacterial endophytes were found attached to the host cell wall colonizing the aerenchyma and intercellular spaces of the epidermis and outer cortex except the vascular system. Colonization was non-uniform as single cells, doublets or in the form of microcolonies. Analysis of in vivo antibacterial action of the methanolic extracts of the isolated endophytic bacteria against Gram-positive, Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC 1925 and Gram-negative, Salmonella enterica ser. paratyphi MTCC735 pathogens has revealed the morphological damages in the tested pathogens respectively, under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Detached cell wall and cell burst were observed in Streptococcus pyogenes where as, cell blisters were shown in Salmonella enterica ser. paratyphi. The study on bacterial endophyte colonization process is important to better predict how endophytes interact with their host and establish themselves in the plant environment by procuring biocontrol activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenella Mary War Nongkhlaw
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - S.R. Joshi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
- Corresponding author at: Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 93022, India. E-mail address: (S.R. Joshi)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beaussart A, Beloin C, Ghigo JM, Chapot-Chartier MP, Kulakauskas S, Duval JFL. Probing the influence of cell surface polysaccharides on nanodendrimer binding to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria using single-nanoparticle force spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12743-12753. [PMID: 29946619 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01766b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The safe use and design of nanoparticles (NPs) ask for a comprehensive interpretation of their potentially adverse effects on (micro)organisms. In this respect, the prior assessment of the interactions experienced by NPs in the vicinity of - and in contact with - complex biological surfaces is mandatory. It requires the development of suitable techniques for deciphering the processes that govern nano-bio interactions when a single organism is exposed to an extremely low dose of NPs. Here, we used atomic force spectroscopy (AFM)-based force measurements to investigate at the nanoscale the interactions between carboxylate-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) nanodendrimers (radius ca. 4.5 nm) and two bacteria with very distinct surface properties, Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis. The zwitterionic nanodendrimers exhibit a negative peripheral surface charge and/or a positive intraparticulate core depending on the solution pH and salt concentration. Following an original strategy according to which a single dendrimer NP is grafted at the very apex of the AFM tip, the density and localization of NP binding sites are probed at the surface of E. coli and L. lactis mutants expressing different cell surface structures (presence/absence of the O-antigen of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or of a polysaccharide pellicle). In line with electrokinetic analysis, AFM force measurements evidence that adhesion of NPs onto pellicle-decorated L. lactis is governed by their underlying electrostatic interactions as controlled by the pH-dependent charge of the peripheral and internal NP components, and the negatively-charged cell surface. In contrast, the presence of the O-antigen on E. coli systematically suppresses the adhesion of nanodendrimers onto cells, may the apparent NP surface charge be determined by the peripheral carboxylate groups or by the internal amine functions. Altogether, this work highlights the differentiated roles played by surface polysaccharides in mediating NP attachment to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It further demonstrates that the assessment of NP bioadhesion features requires a critical analysis of the electrostatic contributions stemming from the various structures composing the stratified cell envelope, and those originating from the bulk and surface NP components. The joint use of electrokinetics and AFM provides a valuable option for rapidly addressing the binding propensity of NPs to microorganisms, as urgently needed in NP risk assessments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Alahi MEE, Mukhopadhyay SC. Detection Methodologies for Pathogen and Toxins: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1885. [PMID: 28813028 PMCID: PMC5580025 DOI: 10.3390/s17081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen and toxin-contaminated foods and beverages are a major source of illnesses, even death, and have a significant economic impact worldwide. Human health is always under a potential threat, including from biological warfare, due to these dangerous pathogens. The agricultural and food production chain consists of many steps such as harvesting, handling, processing, packaging, storage, distribution, preparation, and consumption. Each step is susceptible to threats of environmental contamination or failure to safeguard the processes. The production process can be controlled in the food and agricultural sector, where smart sensors can play a major role, ensuring greater food quality and safety by low cost, fast, reliable, and profitable methods of detection. Techniques for the detection of pathogens and toxins may vary in cost, size, and specificity, speed of response, sensitivity, and precision. Smart sensors can detect, analyse and quantify at molecular levels contents of different biological origin and ensure quality of foods against spiking with pesticides, fertilizers, dioxin, modified organisms, anti-nutrients, allergens, drugs and so on. This paper reviews different methodologies to detect pathogens and toxins in foods and beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Eshrat E Alahi
- Department of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arkoun M, Daigle F, Heuzey M, Ajji A. Antibacterial electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers: A bacterial membrane perforator. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:865-874. [PMID: 28748074 PMCID: PMC5520865 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the antibacterial action of chitosan-based nanofibers (CNFs) obtained by the electrospinning process on the permeability of bacterial membranes. The bactericidal efficiency of CNFs was first determined against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua bacteria as a baseline. The results strongly suggest that CNFs interact with the negatively charged bacterial cell wall causing membrane rupture and inducing leakage of intracellular components among which are proteins and DNA. Results clearly indicate that the release of such components after contact with CNFs is an indication of membrane permeabilization and perforation, as pore formation was observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This work suggests a plausible antibacterial mechanism of action of CNFs and also provides clear evidence in favor of chitosan as a bacterial membrane disruptor and perforator. As a result, CNFs can find promising applications as bioactive food packaging materials capable to extend shelf life of food products while inhibiting the spread of alteration flora and foodborne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Arkoun
- CREPEC Department of Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - France Daigle
- Department of microbiologyinfectiology and immunologyPavillon Roger‐GaudryUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Marie‐Claude Heuzey
- CREPEC Department of Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- CREPEC Department of Chemical EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arkoun M, Daigle F, Heuzey MC, Ajji A. Mechanism of Action of Electrospun Chitosan-Based Nanofibers against Meat Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2017; 22:E585. [PMID: 28383516 PMCID: PMC6154008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the antibacterial mechanism of action of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers (CNFs), against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua, bacteria frequently involved in food contamination and spoilage. CNFs were prepared by electrospinning of chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blends. The in vitro antibacterial activity of CNFs was evaluated and the susceptibility/resistance of the selected bacteria toward CNFs was examined. Strain susceptibility was evaluated in terms of bacterial type, cell surface hydrophobicity, and charge density, as well as pathogenicity. The efficiency of CNFs on the preservation and shelf life extension of fresh red meat was also assessed. Our results demonstrate that the antibacterial action of CNFs depends on the protonation of their amino groups, regardless of bacterial type and their mechanism of action was bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic. Results also indicate that bacterial susceptibility was not Gram-dependent but strain-dependent, with non-virulent bacteria showing higher susceptibility at a reduction rate of 99.9%. The susceptibility order was: E. coli > L. innocua > S. aureus > S. Typhimurium. Finally, an extension of one week of the shelf life of fresh meat was successfully achieved. These results are promising and of great utility for the potential use of CNFs as bioactive food packaging materials in the food industry, and more specifically in meat quality preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Arkoun
- CREPEC Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - France Daigle
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Heuzey
- CREPEC Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- CREPEC Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan T, Wu D, Li W, Zheng X, Li W, Shan A. High Specific Selectivity and Membrane-Active Mechanism of Synthetic Cationic Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptides Based on the Peptide FV7. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E339. [PMID: 28178190 PMCID: PMC5343874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid peptides integrating different functional domains of peptides have many advantages, such as remarkable antimicrobial activity, lower hemolysis and ideal cell selectivity, compared with natural antimicrobial peptides. FV7 (FRIRVRV-NH₂), a consensus amphiphilic sequence was identified as being analogous to host defense peptides. In this study, we designed a series of hybrid peptides FV7-LL-37 (17-29) (FV-LL), FV7-magainin 2 (9-21) (FV-MA) and FV7-cecropin A (1-8) (FV-CE) by combining the FV7 sequence with the small functional sequences LL-37 (17-29) (LL), magainin 2 (9-21) (MA) and cecropin A (1-8) (CE) which all come from well-described natural peptides. The results demonstrated that the synthetic hybrid peptides, in particular FV-LL, had potent antibacterial activities over a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with lower hemolytic activity than other peptides. Furthermore, fluorescent spectroscopy indicated that the hybrid peptide FV-LL exhibited marked membrane destruction by inducing outer and inner bacterial membrane permeabilization, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that FV-LL damaged membrane integrity by disrupting the bacterial membrane. Inhibiting biofilm formation assays also showed that FV-LL had similar anti-biofilm activity compared with the functional peptide sequence FV7. Synthetic cationic hybrid peptides based on FV7 could provide new models for combining different functional domains and demonstrate effective avenues to screen for novel antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Weizhong Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Weifen Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sabry Othm A, Abbas Ahme N. Antibacterial Effect of the Ethanol Leaves Extract of Moringa oleifera and Camellia sinensis against Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.156.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Wilms D, Andrä J. Comparison of patient-derived high and low phosphatidylserine-exposing colorectal carcinoma cells in their interaction with anti-cancer peptides. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:56-67. [PMID: 28066958 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Current cancer treatment is frequently compromised by severe adverse effects on healthy cells and tissues as well as by the increasing burden of (multi-)drug resistances. Some representatives of small, amphipathic peptides known as host defense peptides possess the potential to overcome these limitations and to evolve as future anti-cancer therapeutics. Peptide NK-2, derived from porcine NK-lysin, was originally discovered due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Today, also potent anti-cancer activity is proven and accompanied by low toxicity towards normal human cells. The molecular basis underlying this target selectivity remains rather elusive. Nevertheless, it is presumptive that preferential peptide interactions with surface factors non-abundant on healthy human cells play a key role. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity of peptide NK-2 and structurally improved anti-cancer variants thereof against two patient-derived colorectal cancer cell lines, exposing high and low levels of phosphatidylserine on their cell surfaces, respectively. Concluding from a range of in vitro tests involving cellular as well as lipid vesicle-based methods, it is proposed that the magnitude of the accessible membrane surface charge is not a primarily decisive factor for selective peptide interactions. Instead, it is suggested that the level of membrane surface-exposed phosphatidylserine is of crucial importance for the activity of peptide NK-2 and enhanced variants thereof in terms of their cancer cell selectivity, the overall efficacy, as well as the underlying mode of action and kinetics. Copyright © 2017 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wilms
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, D-21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Andrä
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Ulmenliet 20, D-21033, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hicks R. Preparation of Membrane Models of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Their Interaction with Antimicrobial Peptides Studied by CD and NMR. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1548:231-245. [PMID: 28013508 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic activity of antimicrobial peptides is generally derived via some type of disruption of the cell membrane(s). The most common models used to mimic the properties of bacterial membranes consist of mixtures of various zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids. This approach works reasonably well for Gram-positive bacteria. However, since the membranes of Gram-negative bacteria contain lipopolysaccharides, as well as zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids, a more complex model is required to simulate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Herein we present a protocol for the preparation of models of the outer membranes of the Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This protocol can be used to prepare models of other Gram-negative bacteria provided the strain-specific lipopolysaccharides are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rickey Hicks
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, 1120 5th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sabry Othm A. Bactericidal Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Esters Present in Moringa oleifera and Portulaca oleracea Fixed Oils Against Oral and Gastro Enteric Bacteria. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.44.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
20
|
Alharbi NS, Khaled JM, Alzaharni KE, Mothana RA, Alsaid MS, Alhoshan M, Dass LA, Kadaikunnan S, Alobaidi AS. Effects of Piper cubeba L. essential oil on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an AFM and TEM study. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 27594436 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is creating a real challenge for health care systems worldwide, making the development of novel antibiotics a necessity. In addition to the development of new antibiotics, there is an urgent need for in-depth characterization of the mechanisms of bacterial resistance toward new drugs. Here, we used essential oils extracted in our laboratory from Piper cubeba against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, one of the most prominent antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Effects of the essential oils extracted from P cubeba on bacteria were mainly evaluated using 2 powerful microscopy techniques: atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. High-resolution atomic force microscopy images of the cells were obtained close to their native environment by immobilizing the cells on porous Polyether sulfone membranes, which were prepared in our laboratory with a wide range and distribution of pore sizes and depth. Inhibition zones (mm) and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. Two different concentrations of the oil were used to treat the cells: 50 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration and 25 μg/mL. The 50 μg/mL oil solution caused severe damage to the bacterial cells at microscopic levels while the 25 μg/mL solution showed no effects compared to the control. However, at nanoscopic levels, the 25 μg/mL oil solution caused significant changes in the cell wall, which could potentially impair bacterial activities. These results were also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy micrographs. Our results indicate that the extract has a good biological activity against methicillin- and oxacillin-resistant S aureus and that it acts on the cell wall and plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Khalid E Alzaharni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alhoshan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Alobaidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brandenburg K, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Lohner K. Peptides with dual mode of action: Killing bacteria and preventing endotoxin-induced sepsis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:971-9. [PMID: 26801369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections, with the most severe form being sepsis, can often not be treated adequately leading to high morbidity and lethality of infected patients in critical care units. In particular, the increase in resistant bacterial strains and the lack of new antibiotics are main reasons for the worsening of the current situation, As a new approach, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seems to be promising, combining the ability of broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and low potential of induction of resistance. Peptides based on natural defense proteins or polypeptides such as lactoferrin, Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (LALF), cathelicidins, and granulysins are candidates due to their high affinity to bacteria and to their pathogenicity factors, in first line lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative origin. In this review, we discuss literature with the focus on the use of AMPs from natural sources and their variants as antibacterial as well as anti-endotoxin (anti-inflammatory) drugs. Considerable progress has been made by the design of new AMPs for acting efficiently against the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in vitro as well as in vivo (mouse) models of sepsis. Furthermore, the data indicate that efficient antibacterial compounds are not necessarily equally efficient as anti-endotoxin drugs and vice versa. The most important reason for this may be the different molecular geometry of LPS in bacteria and in free form. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Antimicrobial peptides edited by Karl Lohner and Kai Hilpert.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Div. of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Wilmar Correa
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Div. of Biophysics, Parkallee 10, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Karl Lohner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Humboldtstr. 50/III, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vila-Farrés X, López-Rojas R, Pachón-Ibáñez ME, Teixidó M, Pachón J, Vila J, Giralt E. Sequence-activity relationship, and mechanism of action of mastoparan analogues against extended-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:34-40. [PMID: 26114809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of some infectious diseases can currently be very challenging since the spread of multi-, extended- or pan-resistant bacteria has considerably increased over time. On the other hand, the number of new antibiotics approved by the FDA has decreased drastically over the last 30 years. The main objective of this study was to investigate the activity of wasp peptides, specifically mastoparan and some of its derivatives against extended-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. We optimized the stability of mastoparan in human serum since the specie obtained after the action of the enzymes present in human serum is not active. Thus, 10 derivatives of mastoparan were synthetized. Mastoparan analogues (guanidilated at the N-terminal, enantiomeric version and mastoparan with an extra positive charge at the C-terminal) showed the same activity against Acinetobacter baumannii as the original peptide (2.7 μM) and maintained their stability to more than 24 h in the presence of human serum compared to the original compound. The mechanism of action of all the peptides was carried out using a leakage assay. It was shown that mastoparan and the abovementioned analogues were those that released more carboxyfluorescein. In addition, the effect of mastoparan and its enantiomer against A. baumannii was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results suggested that several analogues of mastoparan could be good candidates in the battle against highly resistant A. baumannii infections since they showed good activity and high stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Vila-Farrés
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Rojas
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Pachón
- Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, CDB, Hospital Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang B, Hou YR, Chen T, Hu B. Microscopic study of ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:325-9. [PMID: 25975507 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe vascular smooth muscle cell morphological changes induced by ultrasound combined with microbubbles by Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy (AFAM). METHODS A7r5 rat aortic smooth muscle cells were divided into groups: control group (without ultrasonic irradiation, no micro bubbles) and US+MB group (45 kHz, 0.4 W/cm(2) ultrasound irradiate for 20 seconds with a SonoVue™ concentration of [(56-140)×10(5)/mL]. Cell micro-morphological changes (such as topographic and acoustic prognosis) were detected, before and after ultrasound destruction by AFAM. RESULTS In cell morphology, smooth muscle cells were spread o and connected to each another by fibers. At the center of the cell, the nuclear area had a rough surface and was significantly elevated from its surroundings. The cytoskeletal structure of the reticular nucleus and cytoplasm in the morphology of A7r5 cells (20 μ m × 20 μ m) were clear before microbubble intervention. After acoustic exciting, the cell structure details of the acoustic image were improved with better resolution, showing the elasticity of different tissues. In the acoustic image, the nucleus was harder, more flexible and uneven compared with the cytoplasm. Many strong various-sized echo particles were stuck on the rough nuclear membrane's substrate surface. The nuclear membrane did not have a continuous smooth surface; there were many obstructions (pores). After ultrasound-intervention was combined with microbubbles, the dark areas of the A7r5 cell images was increased in various sizes and degrees. The dark areas showed the depth or low altitudes of the lower regions, suggesting regional depressions. However, the location and scope of the acoustic image dark areas were not similar to those found in the topographic images. Therefore, it was likely that the dark areas, both from the topographic and acoustic images, were sound-holes. In addition, some cell nuclei become round in different degrees after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Atomic force microscopy and acoustic excitation method can noninvasively and completely display a cell's structure, connections and elastic properties at a nano scale in just several minutes. The dark areas, both from the topographic and acoustic images, may be sound-holes; therefore, it would be helpful if these sound-holes were found. These findings provide a relationship between cell apoptosis after ultrasound and microbubble ultrasound irradiation, and the sound-hole effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Yi-Rong Hou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, 6th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Michalek M, Leippe M. Mechanistic insights into the lipid interaction of an ancient saposin-like protein. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1778-86. [PMID: 25715682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The members of the expanding family of saposin-like proteins (SAPLIPs) have various biological functions in plants, animals, and humans. In addition to a similar protein backbone, these proteins have in common the fact that they interact with lipid membranes. According to their phylogenetic position, it has long been thought that amoeboid protozoans produce archetypes of SAPLIPs and that these are lytic proteins that can perforate membranes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic target cells. Here, we show that an amoebic SAPLIP from Entamoeba invadens does not form lytic pores in membranes but displays several characteristics that are known from human saposins. The protein named invaposin changes the conformation from a closed to an open form in the presence of lipid membranes, acts in a pH-dependent manner, selectively binds anionic lipids, aggregates lipid vesicles of the preferred composition, and dimerizes upon acidification. Our data indicate that the principal features of the lipid-binding saposins evolved long before the appearance of the vertebrate lineage and push the origin of saposins even deeper down the phylogenetic tree to unicellular organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Michalek
- Zoological Institute, Comparative Immunobiology, University of Kiel , Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bello G, Eriksson J, Terry A, Edwards K, Lawrence MJ, Barlow D, Harvey RD. Characterization of the aggregates formed by various bacterial lipopolysaccharides in solution and upon interaction with antimicrobial peptides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:741-751. [PMID: 25514503 DOI: 10.1021/la503267k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical analysis of the aggregates formed by different chemotypes of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) before and after challenge by two different antiendotoxic antimicrobial peptides (LL37 and bovine lactoferricin) was performed in order to determine their effect on the morphology of LPS aggregates. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) were used to examine the structures formed by both smooth and rough LPS chemotypes and the effect of the peptides, by visualization of the aggregates and analysis of the scattering data by means of both mathematical approximations and defined models. The data showed that the structure of LPS determines the morphology of the aggregates and influences the binding activity of both peptides. The morphologies of the worm-like micellar aggregates formed by the smooth LPS were relatively unaltered by the presence of the peptides due to their pre-existing high degree of positive curvature being little affected by their association with either peptide. On the other hand, the aggregates formed by the rough LPS chemotypes showed marked morphological changes from lamellar structures to ordered micellar networks, induced by the increase in positive curvature engendered upon association with the peptides. The combined use of cryoTEM and SANS proved to be a very useful tool for studying the aggregation properties of LPS in solution at biologically relevant concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bello
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , London, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deleu M, Crowet JM, Nasir MN, Lins L. Complementary biophysical tools to investigate lipid specificity in the interaction between bioactive molecules and the plasma membrane: A review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:3171-3190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
27
|
Correa W, Manrique-Moreno M, Behrends J, Patiño E, Marella C, Peláez-Jaramillo C, Garidel P, Gutsmann T, Brandenburg K, Heinbockel L. Galleria mellonella native and analogue peptides Gm1 and ΔGm1. II) Anti-bacterial and anti-endotoxic effects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2739-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Edens LE, Wang Y, Whitten DG, Keller DJ. AFM images of the dark biocidal action of cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes and oligomers on Escherichia coli. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10691-10697. [PMID: 25130298 DOI: 10.1021/la502427c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polymers and oligomers with conjugated phenylene ethynylene or thiophene ethynylene backbones have been shown to be potent antimicrobials. The mechanisms by which they act have been unclear, though AFM imaging of Escherichia coli cells before and after exposure to two such biocides, PPE-Th polymer and EO-OPE-1(C3), shows their effects on cell surface structure. Dried, unexposed E. coli cells could be imaged at resolution high enough to discern the physical structure of the cell surfaces, including individual porin proteins and their distribution on the cell. Exposure to 30 μg/mL PPE-Th polymer caused major cell surface disruption due to either emulsification of the outer membrane or the formation of polymer aggregates or both. In contrast, exposure to 30 μg/mL EO-OPE-1(C3) oligomer did not cause large-scale membrane disruption but did cause apparent reorganization of the surface proteins into linear arrays or protein-lipid-OPE complexes that dominate on a small scale. E. coli cells were also successfully imaged underwater, allowing a real-time AFM image series as cells were exposed to 30 μg/mL EO-OPE-1(C3). Solution exposure caused the cell surfaces to noticeably increase their roughness over time. These results agree with proposed mechanisms for cell killing by PPE-Th and EO-OPE-1(C3) put forth by Wang et al.1 in which PPE-Th kills by large-scale disruption of the outer membrane and EO-OPE-1(C3) kills by membrane reorganization with possible pore formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lance E Edens
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chai H, Allen WE, Hicks RP. Spectroscopic investigations of the binding mechanisms between antimicrobial peptides and membrane models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4210-22. [PMID: 24931276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CD spectroscopy was used to investigate the interactions of a series of synthetic AMPs with LPS isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as with various phospholipids to better approximate the chemical composition of the membranes of these two strains of Gram-negative bacteria. This investigation was conducted in order to probe how the contributions of key physicochemical properties of an AMP vary in different regions of the membranes of these two bacteria. The conclusions from this study are as follows. (1) The binding interactions between the AMP and the membranes are defined by the complementarity of delocalization of positive charge density of the basic amino side chains (i.e., electrostatics), molecular flexibility of the peptide backbone, and overall hydrophobicity. (2) The binding interactions of these AMPs to LPS seem to be predominantly with the lipid A region of the LPS. (3) Incorporation of phospholipids into the LPS containing SUVs resulted in dramatic changes in the conformational equilibrium of the bound AMPs. (4) For the LPS-phospholipid models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, delocalization of the side chain positive charge plays a major role in determining the number of conformers that contribute to the binding conformational equilibrium. This relationship was not observed for the models of the outer and inner membranes of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Chai
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - William E Allen
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States
| | - Rickey P Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Science and Technology Building, Greenville, NC 27858, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Longo G, Kasas S. Effects of antibacterial agents and drugs monitored by atomic force microscopy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:230-44. [PMID: 24616433 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Originally invented for topographic imaging, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has evolved into a multifunctional biological toolkit, enabling to measure structural and functional details of cells and molecules. Its versatility and the large scope of information it can yield make it an invaluable tool in any biologically oriented laboratory, where researchers need to perform characterizations of living samples as well as single molecules in quasi-physiological conditions and with nanoscale resolution. In the last 20 years, AFM has revolutionized the characterization of microbial cells by allowing a better understanding of their cell wall and of the mechanism of action of drugs and by becoming itself a powerful diagnostic tool to study bacteria. Indeed, AFM is much more than a high-resolution microscopy technique. It can reconstruct force maps that can be used to explore the nanomechanical properties of microorganisms and probe at the same time the morphological and mechanical modifications induced by external stimuli. Furthermore it can be used to map chemical species or specific receptors with nanometric resolution directly on the membranes of living organisms. In summary, AFM offers new capabilities and a more in-depth insight in the structure and mechanics of biological specimens with an unrivaled spatial and force resolution. Its application to the study of bacteria is extremely significant since it has already delivered important information on the metabolism of these small microorganisms and, through new and exciting technical developments, will shed more light on the real-time interaction of antimicrobial agents and bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Longo
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LPMV, Lausanne, Switzerland; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu X, Dong N, Wang Z, Ma Z, Zhang L, Ma Q, Shan A. Design of imperfectly amphipathic α-helical antimicrobial peptides with enhanced cell selectivity. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:244-57. [PMID: 24021230 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are produced by multicellular organisms as a defense mechanism against competing pathogenic microbes, appear to be excellent candidates for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Amphipathicity is traditionally believed to be crucial to the de novo design or systematic optimization of AMPs. In this study, we designed a series of short α-helical AMPs with imperfect amphipathicity to augment the arsenal of strategies and to gain further insights into their antimicrobial and hemolytic activity. These imperfectly amphipathic α-helical AMPs were designed by replacing the paired charged amino acid residues on the polar face of an amphipathic peptide with tryptophan residues on the basis of α-helical protein folding principles. PRW4, an imperfectly amphipathic α-helical AMP with hydrogen bonds formed by paired tryptophan residues, was observed to be more selective towards bacterial cells than toward human red blood cells. PRW4 was also effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated that PRW4 killed microbial cells by permeabilizing the cell membrane and damaging their membrane integrity. Therefore, disruptive amphipathicity has excellent potential for the rational design and optimization of AMPs with promising antimicrobial activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gross S, Wilms D, Krause J, Brezesinski G, Andrä J. Design of NK-2-derived peptides with improved activity against equine sarcoid cells. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:619-28. [PMID: 23893605 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Equine sarcoid is a topically accessible model for the evaluation of anticancer peptides acting by physical membrane disruption avoiding the complexity of a systemic application. We aim at evaluating and improving natural peptides for host defence as lead structures, where we focus on the cationic and amphipathic peptide NK-2. Cytotoxicity tests, fluorescence microscopy and a chip-based biosensor, which enabled real-time monitoring of cell metabolism, were applied. Cancer cell killing was dynamic with an initial phase of increased cellular respiration, followed by membrane destruction. NK-2 was substantially improved and shortened. Novel peptides exhibited a fivefold improved activity against sarcoid cells, while haemolysis remained almost unaltered. Similar Zeta potential and similar amount of surface phosphatidylserine of sarcoid and normal skin cells are responsible for a lack of selectivity between these two cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gross
- Division of Biophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, D-23845, Borstel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nankar SA, Pande AH. Physicochemical properties of bacterial pro-inflammatory lipids influence their interaction with apolipoprotein-derived peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:853-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
34
|
Hu H, Wang C, Guo X, Li W, Wang Y, He Q. Broad activity against porcine bacterial pathogens displayed by two insect antimicrobial peptides moricin and cecropin B. Mol Cells 2013; 35:106-14. [PMID: 23456332 PMCID: PMC3887904 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, insects produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to kill the invading pathogens. To study their physicochemical properties and bioactivities for clinical and commercial use in the porcine industry, we chemically synthesized the mature peptides Bombyx mori moricin and Hyalophora cecropia cecropin B. In this paper, we described the antimicrobial activity of the two AMPs. Moricin exhibited antimicrobial activity on eight strains tested with minimal inhibitory concentration values (MICs) ranging between 8 and 128 μg/ml, while cecropin B mainly showed antimicrobial activity against the Gramnegative strains with MICs ranging from 0.5 to 16 μg/ml. Compared to the potent antimicrobial activity these two AMPs displayed against most of the bacterial pathogens tested, they exhibited limited hemolytic activity against porcine red blood cells. The activities of moricin and cecropin B against Haemophilus parasuis SH 0165 were studied in further detail. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of moricin and cecropin B treated H. parasuis SH 0165 indicated extensive damage to the membranes of the bacteria. Insights into the probable mechanism utilized by moricin and cecropin B to eliminate pathogens are also presented. The observations from this study are important for the future application of AMPs in the porcine industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Banković J, Andrä J, Todorović N, Podolski-Renić A, Milošević Z, Miljković D, Krause J, Ruždijić S, Tanić N, Pešić M. The elimination of P-glycoprotein over-expressing cancer cells by antimicrobial cationic peptide NK-2: the unique way of multi-drug resistance modulation. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1013-27. [PMID: 23298945 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most chemotherapeutics harm normal cells causing severe side effects and induce the development of resistance in cancer cells. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), recognized as anti-cancer agents, may overcome these limitations. The most studied mechanism underlying multi-drug resistance (MDR) is the over-expression of cell membrane transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which extrudes a variety of hydrophobic drugs. Additionally, P-gp contributes to cell membrane composition and increases the net negative charge on cell surface. We postulated that NK-lysin derived cationic peptide NK-2 might discriminate and preferentially eliminate P-gp over-expressing cancer cells. To test this hypothesis, we employed MDR non-small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460/R) and colorectal carcinoma (DLD1-TxR) cell lines with high P-gp expression. MDR cancer cells that survived NK-2 treatment had decreased P-gp expression and were more susceptible to doxorubicin. We found that NK-2 more readily eliminated P-gp high-expressing cells. Acting in 'carpet-like' manner NK-2 co-localized with P-gp on the MDR cancer cell membrane. The inhibition of P-gp reduced the NK-2 effect in MDR cancer cells and, vice versa, NK-2 decreased P-gp transport activity. In conclusion, NK-2 could modulate MDR in unique way, eliminating the P-gp high-expressing cells from heterogeneous cancers and making them more vulnerable to classical drug treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Banković
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Steinhäuser C, Heigl U, Tchikov V, Schwarz J, Gutsmann T, Seeger K, Brandenburg J, Fritsch J, Schroeder J, Wiesmüller KH, Rosenkrands I, Walther P, Pott J, Krause E, Ehlers S, Schneider-Brachert W, Schütze S, Reiling N. Lipid-labeling facilitates a novel magnetic isolation procedure to characterize pathogen-containing phagosomes. Traffic 2012; 14:321-36. [PMID: 23231467 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel approach for the isolation and biochemical characterization of pathogen-containing compartments from primary cells: We developed a lipid-based procedure to magnetically label the surface of bacteria and visualized the label by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). We performed infection experiments with magnetically labeled Mycobacterium avium, M. tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes and isolated magnetic bacteria-containing phagosomes using a strong magnetic field in a novel free-flow system. Magnetic labeling of M. tuberculosis did not affect the virulence characteristics of the bacteria during infection experiments addressing host cell activation, phagosome maturation delay and replication in macrophages in vitro. Biochemical analyses of the magnetic phagosome-containing fractions provided evidence of an enhanced presence of bacterial antigens and a differential distribution of proteins involved in the endocytic pathway over time as well as cytokine-dependent changes in the phagosomal protein composition. The newly developed method represents a useful approach to characterize and compare pathogen-containing compartments, in order to identify microbial and host cell targets for novel anti-infective strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Steinhäuser
- Division of Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, 23845, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang B, Cheng Q, Chen M, Yao W, Qian M, Hu B. Imaging and analyzing the elasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells by atomic force acoustic microscope. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:1383-1390. [PMID: 22698505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an important role in the good performance of the vasculature. To study the surface, intracellular structure and elasticity of VSMCs, atomic force acoustic microscope (AFAM) was used for imaging VSMCs from A7r5 rat aorta arteries. The topography images of VSMCs were obtained in contact mode and the acoustic images were obtained by AFAM in sample vibration mode. Then, the force curve measurement derived using Young's modulus of the interested areas was used for evaluating elasticity properties. The acoustic images were found in higher resolution with more information than the topography images. The force curves showed the difference in Young's modulus of the different parts of VSMC. These findings demonstrate that AFAM is useful for displaying the surface, structure and elasticity property of VSMCs clearly, with short scanning time, negligible harm or damage to cell and nanometer-level resolution.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Elastic Modulus/physiology
- Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods
- Microscopy, Atomic Force/methods
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/diagnostic imaging
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/diagnostic imaging
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Rats
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yount NY, Yeaman MR. Emerging themes and therapeutic prospects for anti-infective peptides. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 52:337-60. [PMID: 22235859 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010611-134535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens resistant to most conventional anti-infectives are a harbinger of the need to discover and develop novel anti-infective agents and strategies. Endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) have retained evolution-tested efficacy against pathogens that have become refractory to traditional antibiotics. Evidence indicates that HDPs target membrane integrity, bioenergetics, and other essential features of microbes that may be less mutable than conventional antibiotic targets. For these reasons, HDPs have received increasing attention as templates for development of potential anti-infective therapeutics. Unfortunately, advances toward this goal have proven disappointing, in part owing to limited understanding of relevant structure-activity and selective toxicity relationships in vivo, a limited number of reports and overall understanding of HDP pharmacology, and the difficulty of cost-effective production of such peptides on a commodity scale. However, recent molecular insights and technology innovations have led to novel HDP-based and mimetic anti-infective peptide candidates designed to overcome these limitations. Although initial setbacks have presented challenges to therapeutic development, emerging themes continue to highlight the potential of HDP-based anti-infectives as a platform for next-generation therapeutics that will help address the growing threat of multidrug-resistant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannette Y Yount
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Los Angeles County Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sani MA, Separovic F, Gehman JD. The lipid network. Biophys Rev 2012; 4:283-290. [PMID: 28510205 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-012-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural cell membranes are composed of a remarkable variety of lipids, which provide specific biophysical properties to support membrane protein function. An improved understanding of this complexity of membrane composition may also allow the design of membrane active drugs. Crafting a relevant model of a cell membrane with controlled composition is becoming an art, with the ability to reveal the molecular mechanisms of biological processes and lead to better treatment of pathologies. By matching physiological observations from in vivo experiments to high-resolution information, more easily obtained from in vitro studies, complex interactions at the lipid interface are determined. The role of the lipid network in biological membranes is, therefore, the subject of increasing attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Sani
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John D Gehman
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Paulmann M, Arnold T, Linke D, Özdirekcan S, Kopp A, Gutsmann T, Kalbacher H, Wanke I, Schuenemann VJ, Habeck M, Bürck J, Ulrich AS, Schittek B. Structure-activity analysis of the dermcidin-derived peptide DCD-1L, an anionic antimicrobial peptide present in human sweat. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:8434-43. [PMID: 22262861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.332270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermcidin encodes the anionic amphiphilic peptide DCD-1L, which displays a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity under conditions resembling those in human sweat. Here, we have investigated its mode of antimicrobial activity. We found that DCD-1L interacts preferentially with negatively charged bacterial phospholipids with a helix axis that is aligned flat on a lipid bilayer surface. Upon interaction with lipid bilayers DCD-1L forms oligomeric complexes that are stabilized by Zn(2+). DCD-1L is able to form ion channels in the bacterial membrane, and we propose that Zn(2+)-induced self-assembly of DCD-1L upon interaction with bacterial lipid bilayers is a prerequisite for ion channel formation. These data allow us for the first time to propose a molecular model for the antimicrobial mechanism of a naturally processed human anionic peptide that is active under the harsh conditions present in human sweat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Paulmann
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu X, Shen J, Jin X, Ma Y, Huang Y, Mei H, Chu F, Zhu J. Bactericidal activity of Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc) on multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 95:939-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Su HL, Lin SH, Wei JC, Pao IC, Chiao SH, Huang CC, Lin SZ, Lin JJ. Novel nanohybrids of silver particles on clay platelets for inhibiting silver-resistant bacteria. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21125. [PMID: 21695045 PMCID: PMC3117870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a novel nanohybrid showing a strong antibacterial activity on all of the tested pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus auerus and silver-resistant E. coli. The nanohybrid consists of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) supported on 1 nm-thick silicate platelets (NSPs). The AgNP/NSP nanohybrid enables to encapsulate bacteria and triggers death signals from the cell membrane. The geographic shape of the NSPs concentrates AgNPs but impedes their penetration into attached cells, mitigating the detrimental effect of silver ion deposition in applied tissues. Moreover, the tightly tethered AgNPs on NSP surface achieve a stronger biocidal effect than silver nitrate, but bypassing Ag+ mechanism, on silver-resistant bacteria. This nanohybrid presents an effective and safe antimicrobial agent in a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Lin Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Drechsler S, Andrä J. Online monitoring of metabolism and morphology of peptide-treated neuroblastoma cancer cells and keratinocytes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:275-85. [PMID: 21643697 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are promising anti-cancer agents with a unique mode of action. We established the usage of a chip-based sensor to monitor the dynamic interplay between cells on the chip and peptides and compared it with endpoint tests. Human neuroblastoma cancer cells and spontaneously immortalized non-cancer keratinocytes were perfused with representative peptides (NK-2, NK11, and melittin). The sensor system enabled continuous recording of cell layer impedance (adhesion/confluence), oxygen consumption (respiration) and extracellular acidification (glycolysis) and provided insights in cell damage, stress response and recovery. Cells responded differentially to peptide treatment. During perfusion, peptides accumulated on the cell surface until they reached a critical concentration. Preceding to cell death, melittin triggered glycolysis, suggesting stress response. NK-2 induced no change in energy metabolism, but led to an increase in impedance, i.e. a temporarily altered morphology, which appeared to be an excellent parameter to detect subtle structural changes of cell layers.
Collapse
|
44
|
Andrä J, Goldmann T, Ernst CM, Peschel A, Gutsmann T. Multiple peptide resistance factor (MprF)-mediated Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus against antimicrobial peptides coincides with a modulated peptide interaction with artificial membranes comprising lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18692-700. [PMID: 21474443 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.226886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of the membrane lipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) of Staphylococcus aureus by enzymatic transfer of a l-lysine residue leading to lysyl-PG converts the net charge of PG from -1 to +1 and is thought to confer resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Lysyl-PG synthesis and translocation to the outer leaflet of the bacterial membrane are achieved by the membrane protein MprF. Consequently, mutants lacking a functional mprF gene are in particular vulnerable to the action of AMPs. Hence, we aim at elucidating whether and to which extent lysyl-PG modulates membrane binding, insertion, and permeabilization by various AMPs. Lysyl-PG was incorporated into artificial lipid bilayers, mimicking the cytoplasmic membrane of S. aureus. Moreover, we determined the activity of the peptides against a clinical isolate of S. aureus strain SA113 and two mutants lacking a functional mprF gene and visualized peptide-induced ultrastructural changes of bacteria by transmission electron microscopy. The studied peptides were: (i) NK-2, an α-helical fragment of mammalian NK-lysin, (ii) arenicin-1, a lugworm β-sheet peptide, and (iii) bee venom melittin. Biophysical data obtained by FRET spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrical measurements with planar lipid bilayers were correlated with the biological activities of the peptides. They strongly support the hypothesis that peptide-membrane interactions are a prerequisite for eradication of S. aureus. However, degree and mode of modulation of membrane properties such as fluidity, capacitance, and conductivity were unique for each of the peptides. Altogether, our data support and underline the significance of lysyl-PG for S. aureus resistance to AMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Andrä
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, D-23845 Borstel, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Su Y, Waring AJ, Ruchala P, Hong M. Structures of β-hairpin antimicrobial protegrin peptides in lipopolysaccharide membranes: mechanism of gram selectivity obtained from solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2072-83. [PMID: 21302955 PMCID: PMC3062705 DOI: 10.1021/bi101975v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural basis for the gram selectivity of two disulfide-bonded β-hairpin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is investigated using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hexa-arginine PG-1 exhibits potent activities against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, while a mutant of PG-1 with only three cationic residues maintains gram-positive activity but is 30-fold less active against gram-negative bacteria. We determined the topological structure and lipid interactions of these two peptides in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-rich membrane that mimics the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and in the POPE/POPG membrane, which mimics the membrane of gram-positive bacteria. (31)P NMR line shapes indicate that both peptides cause less orientational disorder in the LPS-rich membrane than in the POPE/POPG membrane. (13)C chemical shifts and (13)C-(1)H dipolar couplings show that both peptides maintain their β-hairpin conformation in these membranes and are largely immobilized, but the mutant exhibits noticeable intermediate-time scale motion in the LPS membrane at physiological temperature, suggesting shallow insertion. Indeed, (1)H spin diffusion from lipid chains to the peptides shows that PG-1 fully inserts into the LPS-rich membrane whereas the mutant does not. The (13)C-(31)P distances between the most hydrophobically embedded Arg of PG-1 and the lipid (31)P are significantly longer in the LPS membrane than in the POPE/POPG membrane, indicating that PG-1 does not cause toroidal pore defects in the LPS membrane, in contrast to its behavior in the POPE/POPG membrane. Taken together, these data indicate that PG-1 causes transmembrane pores of the barrel-stave type in the LPS membrane, thus allowing further translocation of the peptide into the inner membrane of gram-negative bacteria to kill the cells. In comparison, the less cationic mutant cannot fully cross the LPS membrane because of weaker electrostatic attractions, thus causing weaker antimicrobial activities. Therefore, strong electrostatic attraction between the peptide and the membrane surface, ensured by having a sufficient number of Arg residues, is essential for potent antimicrobial activities against gram-negative bacteria. The data provide a rational basis for controlling gram selectivity of AMPs by adjusting the charge densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Su
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Alan J. Waring
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4560
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| |
Collapse
|