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Song J, Bai H, Chen S, Xing Y, Lou J. Inhibition of sugar-binding activity of Galectins-8 by thiogalactoside (TDG) attenuates secondary brain damage and improves long-term prognosis following intracerebral hemorrhage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30422. [PMID: 38737270 PMCID: PMC11088311 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins-8 (Gal-8), the tandem repeat sequences of the galectin family, can influence the pathophysiologic processes in neurological disorders. However, its effect on intracerebral hemorrhage and related mechanisms remains nebulous. Using collagenase VII-S-induced ICH in the left striatum of mice, we investigated the effects of Gal-8 on cellular and molecular immune inflammatory responses in hemorrhagic brain and evaluated the severity of short- and long-term brain injury. Our results showed that activated microglia in the periphery of hematoma in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage expressed Gal-8, while Gal-8 could regulate the expression of cytokines, such as HMGB-1 (P = 0.0032), TNF-α (P = 0.0158), and IL-10 (P = 0.0379). Inhibition of the glucose-binding activity of Gal-8 by thiogalactoside (TDG) significantly reduced the volume of cerebral hematoma (P = 0.0241) and hydrocephalus (P = 0.0112) during the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage and improved the long-term prognosis. TDG can reduce acute-phase brain tissue injury and improve the prognosis by inhibiting the activation of immune-inflammatory cells in the periphery of hematoma and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Hongying Bai
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Jiyu Lou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
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2
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Plaza-Florido A, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Altmäe S, Ortega FB, Esteban-Cornejo I. Cardiorespiratory fitness and targeted proteomics involved in brain and cardiovascular health in children with overweight/obesity. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2076-2085. [PMID: 36622372 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2167237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and brain health impairments. However, the molecular mechanisms linking CRF to health in children are poorly understood. We aimed to examine protein levels related to brain health and CVD in plasma of fit compared to unfit children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). Eighty-seven children with OW/OB (10.08 ± 1.1 years, 59% boys) from the ActiveBrains project were included. CRF was measured by performing a treadmill test, and children were categorized into fit or unfit. Targeted proteomics in plasma was performed using Olink's proximity extension assay technology of Neurology panel in the whole sample and of Cardiovascular panel in a subsample. Sixteen proteins (PLXNB3, sFRP3, CLEC1B, RSPO1, Gal8, CLEC10A, GCP5, MDGA1, CTSC, LAT, IL4RA, PRSS27, CXCL1, Gal9, MERTK, and GT) were differentially expressed between fit and unfit children with OW/OB after adjusting for sex, maturational status, and body mass index. However, statistically significant differences disappeared after applying FDR correction. Potential candidate proteins related to CRF levels in children with OW/OB were detected, being involved in several biological processes such as neurogenesis, immune/inflammatory response, signal transduction, platelet activation. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings should be confirmed or contrasted in future studies using larger sample sizes, longitudinal and experimental designs.HighlightsThe molecular mechanisms underlying the link of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cardiovascular and brain health in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) are poorly understood.Targeted proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins (PLXNB3, sFRP3, CLEC1B, RSPO1, Gal8, CLEC10A, GCP5, MDGA1, CTSC, LAT, IL4RA, PRSS27, CXCL1, Gal9, MERTK, and GT) in plasma of "Fit" compared to "Unfit" children with OW/OB. These proteins are involved in several biological processes such as immune/inflammatory response, neurogenesis, signal transduction, and cellular metabolic process.Longitudinal and experimental studies are warranted to reveal how improvements in CRF are related to changes in circulating levels of the abovementioned proteins and how they might reduce cardiovascular diseases risk factors and brain health impairments later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Plaza-Florido
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, and Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Department of Physical and Sports Education; Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Granada, Spain
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Zheng L, Xia J, Ge P, Meng Y, Li W, Li M, Wang M, Song C, Fan Y, Zhou Y. The interrelation of galectins and autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110336. [PMID: 37262957 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital physiological process that maintains intracellular homeostasis by removing damaged organelles and senescent or misfolded molecules. However, excessive autophagy results in cell death and apoptosis, which will lead to a variety of diseases. Galectins are a type of animal lectin that binds to β-galactosides and can bind to the cell surface or extracellular matrix glycans, affecting a variety of immune processes in vivo and being linked to the development of many diseases. In many cases, galectins and autophagy both play important regulatory roles in the cellular life course, yet our understanding of the relationship between them is still incomplete. Galectins and autophagy may share common etiological cofactors for some diseases. Hence, we summarize the relationship between galectins and autophagy, aiming to draw attention to the existence of multiple associations between galectins and autophagy in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, which provide new ideas for etiological diagnosis, drug development, and therapeutic targets for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jing Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Pengyu Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Weili Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Mingming Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuying Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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5
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Aggarwal A, Jennings CL, Manning E, Cameron SJ. Platelets at the Vessel Wall in Non-Thrombotic Disease. Circ Res 2023; 132:775-790. [PMID: 36927182 PMCID: PMC10027394 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are small, anucleate entities that bud from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Among circulating cells, platelets are the most abundant cell, traditionally involved in regulating the balance between thrombosis (the terminal event of platelet activation) and hemostasis (a protective response to tissue injury). Although platelets lack the precise cellular control offered by nucleate cells, they are in fact very dynamic cells, enriched in preformed RNA that allows them the capability of de novo protein synthesis which alters the platelet phenotype and responses in physiological and pathological events. Antiplatelet medications have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality for patients afflicted with thrombotic diseases, including stroke and myocardial infarction. However, it has become apparent in the last few years that platelets play a critical role beyond thrombosis and hemostasis. For example, platelet-derived proteins by constitutive and regulated exocytosis can be found in the plasma and may educate distant tissue including blood vessels. First, platelets are enriched in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules that may regulate vascular remodeling. Second, platelet-derived microparticles released into the circulation can be acquired by vascular endothelial cells through the process of endocytosis. Third, platelets are highly enriched in mitochondria that may contribute to the local reactive oxygen species pool and remodel phospholipids in the plasma membrane of blood vessels. Lastly, platelets are enriched in proteins and phosphoproteins which can be secreted independent of stimulation by surface receptor agonists in conditions of disturbed blood flow. This so-called biomechanical platelet activation occurs in regions of pathologically narrowed (atherosclerotic) or dilated (aneurysmal) vessels. Emerging evidence suggests platelets may regulate the process of angiogenesis and blood flow to tumors as well as education of distant organs for the purposes of allograft health following transplantation. This review will illustrate the potential of platelets to remodel blood vessels in various diseases with a focus on the aforementioned mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Aggarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Courtney L. Jennings
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emily Manning
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Scott J. Cameron
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Hematology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio
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6
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Cinkir U, Bir LS, Tekin S, Karagulmez AM, Avci Cicek E, Senol H. Investigation of anti-galectin-8 levels in patients with multiple sclerosis: A consort-clinical study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32621. [PMID: 36607856 PMCID: PMC9829274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galectins are a family of endogenous mammalian lectins involved in pathogen recognition, killing, and facilitating the entry of microbial pathogens and parasites into the host. They are the intermediators that decipher glycan-containing information about the host immune cells and microbial structures to modulate signaling events that cause cellular proliferation, chemotaxis, cytokine secretion, and cell-to-cell communication. They have subgroups that take place in different roles in the immune system. The effect of galectin-8 on multiple sclerosis disease (MS) has been studied in the literature, but the results seemed unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine anti-galectin-8 (anti-Gal-8) levels in MS and their potential use as biomarkers. METHODS In this experimental study, 45 MS patients diagnosed according to McDonald criteria were included in the patient group. The healthy control group contained 45 people without MS diagnosis and any risk factors. Demographic data, height, weight, body mass index, blood glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, anti-Gal-8 levels, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease were recorded. In addition, the expanded disability status scale and disease duration were evaluated in the patient group. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviations. RESULTS The mean blood anti-galectin-8 value of the patient group was 4.84 ± 4.53 ng/mL, while it was 4.67 ± 3.40 ng/mL in the control group, and the difference in these values was found statistically insignificant (P > .05). Moreover, body mass index, glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and low-density lipoprotein levels were also statistically insignificant (P > .05). CONCLUSION This study examined anti-Gal-8 levels in MS patients. The relationship between MS and galectin-8 and anti-Gal-8 levels in patients needs further clarification. As a result, the study's results could help elucidate the pathogenesis of MS and give more evidence for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Cinkir
- T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Communication, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey
- * Correspondence: Ufuk Cinkir, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Communication, T.C. Saglik Bakanligi Başakşehir Cam Ve Sakura Sehir Hastanesi, Istanbul 34480, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Levent Sinan Bir
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Selma Tekin
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Magrur Karagulmez
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Esin Avci Cicek
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Senol
- Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Communication, Pamukkale Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Hastanesi, Denizli, Turkey
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7
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Kruk L, Braun A, Cosset E, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Galectin functions in cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1052959. [PMID: 36873388 PMCID: PMC9981828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1052959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that regulate many cellular functions including proliferation, adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates that galectins influence many steps of cancer development by inducing the recruitment of immune cells to the inflammatory sites and modulating the effector function of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Recent studies described that different isoforms of galectins can induce platelet adhesion, aggregation, and granule release through the interaction with platelet-specific glycoproteins and integrins. Patients with cancer and/or deep-venous thrombosis have increased levels of galectins in the vasculature, suggesting that these proteins could be important contributors to cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis. In this review, we summarize the pathological role of galectins in inflammatory and thrombotic events, influencing tumor progression and metastasis. We also discuss the potential of anti-cancer therapies targeting galectins in the pathological context of cancer-associated inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Kruk
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Cosset
- CRCL, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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8
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Čoma M, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Gál P. The sweet side of wound healing: galectins as promising therapeutic targets in hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:41-53. [PMID: 36716023 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2175318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the molecular and cellular processes involved in skin wound healing may pave the way for the development of innovative approaches to transforming the identified natural effectors into therapeutic tools. Based on the extensive involvement of the ga(lactoside-binding)lectin family in (patho)physiological processes, it has been well established that galectins are involved in a wide range of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. AREAS COVERED In the present paper, we provide an overview of the biological role of galectins in repair and regeneration, focusing on four main phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation/remodeling) of skin repair using basic wound models (open excision vs. sutured incision). EXPERT OPINION The reported data make a strong case for directing further efforts to treat excisional and incisional wounds differently. Functions of galectins essentially result from their modular presentation. In fact, Gal-1 seems to play a role in the early phases of healing (anti-inflammatory) and wound contraction, Gal-3 accelerates re-epithelization and increases tensile strength (scar inductor). Galectins have also become subject of redesigning by engineering to optimize the activity. Clinically relevant, these new tools derived from the carbohydrate recognition domain platform may also prove helpful for other purposes, such as potent antibacterial agglutinins and opsonins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Čoma
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Gál
- Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.,Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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9
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Mansour AA, Krautter F, Zhi Z, Iqbal AJ, Recio C. The interplay of galectins-1, -3, and -9 in the immune-inflammatory response underlying cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:253. [PMID: 36403025 PMCID: PMC9675972 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding proteins that bind and crosslink molecules via their sugar moieties, forming signaling and adhesion networks involved in cellular communication, differentiation, migration, and survival. Galectins are expressed ubiquitously across immune cells, and their function varies with their tissue-specific and subcellular location. Particularly galectin-1, -3, and -9 are highly expressed by inflammatory cells and are involved in the modulation of several innate and adaptive immune responses. Modulation in the expression of these proteins accompany major processes in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, obesity, and diabetes, making them attractive therapeutic targets. In this review we consider the broad cellular activities ascribed to galectin-1, -3, and -9, highlighting those linked to the progression of different inflammatory driven pathologies in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic disease, to better understand their mechanism of action and provide new insights into the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abo Mansour
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Franziska Krautter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhaogong Zhi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Carlota Recio
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Farmacología Molecular y Traslacional -BIOPharm, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
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10
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Yu D, Bu M, Yu P, Li Y, Chong Y. Regulation of wound healing and fibrosis by galectins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:861-874. [PMID: 35589840 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins with at least one carbohydrate-recognition domain. Galectins are present in various tissues and organs and participate in different physiological and pathological molecular reactions in vivo. Wound healing is the basic process of traumatic disease recovery. Wound healing involves three overlapping stages: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Furthermore, a comparison of wound healing with the tumour microenvironment revealed that galectin plays a key role in the wound healing process. The current review describes the role of galectin in inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialisation, and fibrous scar formation and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic drug for wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Bu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Zhi Z, Jooss NJ, Sun Y, Colicchia M, Slater A, Moran LA, Cheung HYF, Di Y, Rayes J, Poulter NS, Watson SP, Iqbal AJ. Galectin-9 activates platelet ITAM receptors glycoprotein VI and C-type lectin-like receptor-2. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:936-950. [PMID: 34936188 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are multifunctional cellular mediators in many physiological and pathophysiological processes such as thrombosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Several members of galectins, a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a broad range of immunomodulatory actions, have been reported to activate platelets. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the role of galectin-9 (Gal-9) as a novel ligand for platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). METHODS Platelet spreading, aggregation, and P-selectin expression in response to Gal-9 were measured in washed platelet suspensions via static adhesion assay, light transmission aggregometry, and flow cytometry, respectively. Solid-phase binding assay and protein phosphorylation studies were utilized to validate the interaction between Gal-9 and GPVI, and immunoprecipitation for detecting CLEC-2 phosphorylation. Wild-type (WT), GPVI-knockout (Gp6-/- ), and GPVI and CLEC-2-double knockout (Gp6-/- /Gp1ba-Cre-Clec1bfl/fl ) mice were used. RESULTS We have shown that recombinant Gal-9 stimulates aggregation in human and mouse washed platelets dose-dependently. Platelets from both species adhere and spread on immobilized Gal-9 and express P-selectin. Gal-9 competitively inhibited the binding of human recombinant D1 and D2 domains of GPVI to collagen. Gal-9 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of CLEC-2 and proteins known to lie downstream of GPVI and CLEC-2 including spleen tyrosine kinase and linker of activated T cells in human platelets. GPVI-deficient murine platelets exhibited significantly impaired aggregation in response to Gal-9, which was further abrogated in GPVI and CLEC-2-double-deficient platelets. CONCLUSIONS We have identified Gal-9 as a novel platelet agonist that induces activation through interaction with GPVI and CLEC-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogong Zhi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Natalie J Jooss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Martina Colicchia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luis A Moran
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hilaire Yam Fung Cheung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ying Di
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Verkerke H, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Galectins: An Ancient Family of Carbohydrate Binding Proteins with Modern Functions. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2442:1-40. [PMID: 35320517 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galectins are a large family of carbohydrate binding proteins with members in nearly every lineage of multicellular life. Through tandem and en-mass genome duplications, over 15 known vertebrate galectins likely evolved from a single common ancestor extant in pre-chordate lineages. While galectins have divergently evolved numerous functions, some of which do not involve carbohydrate recognition, the vast majority of the galectins have retained the conserved ability to bind variably modified polylactosamine (polyLacNAc) residues on glycans that modify proteins and lipids on the surface of host cells and pathogens. In addition to their direct role in microbial killing, many proposed galectin functions in the immune system and cancer involve crosslinking glycosylated receptors and modifying signaling pathways or sensitivity to antigen from the outside in. However, a large body of work has uncovered intracellular galectin functions mediated by carbohydrate- and non-carbohydrate-dependent interactions. In the cytoplasm, galectins can tune intracellular kinase and G-protein-coupled signaling cascades important for nutrient sensing, cell cycle progression, and transformation. Particularly, but interconnected pathways, cytoplasmic galectins serve the innate immune system as sensors of endolysosomal damage, recruiting and assembling the components of autophagosomes during intracellular infection through carbohydrate-dependent and -independent activities. In the nucleus, galectins participate in pre-mRNA splicing perhaps through interactions with non-coding RNAs required for assembly of spliceosomes. Together, studies of galectin function paint a picture of a functionally dynamic protein family recruited during eons of evolution to regulate numerous essential cellular processes in the context of multicellular life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Verkerke
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Ruan Y, Ding Y, Li X, Zhang C, Wang M, Liu M, Wang L, Xing J, Hu L, Zhao X, Ding Z, Dong J, Liu Y. Saccharides from Arctium lappa L. root reduce platelet activation and thrombus formation in a laser injury thrombosis mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:344. [PMID: 35401796 PMCID: PMC8988163 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctium lappa L., also known as burdock, is a popular medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine due to its potential therapeutic properties. Saccharides from Arctium lappa L. root (ALR-S) have been extensively studied for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetes effects. Platelets play a pivotal role in thrombosis. The present study describes the effects of ALR-S on platelet activation and thrombosis using a laser injury thrombosis in vivo model. The study also measured the effects of ALR-S on platelet activation by analysing aggregation, ATP release, platelet spreading, adhesion and clot retraction in vitro. Specifically, the effects were ALR-S concentration-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation and ATP release. Activated platelets pretreated with ALR-S showed diminished CD62P expression levels and fibrinogen binding, as measured by flow cytometry. ALR-S inhibited platelet spreading on fibrinogen and adhesion on collagen under shear. ALR-S attenuated platelet activation by decreasing oxidative stress and thrombus formation. These results demonstrated the antiplatelet effects of ALR-S, suggesting the antithrombotic and cardiovascular protective activities of ALR-S as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhong Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Hami Central Hospital, Hami, Xinjiang 839000, P.R. China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mengduan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhongren Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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14
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Galectin-8, cytokines, and the storm. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:135-149. [PMID: 35015084 PMCID: PMC9022973 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) belongs to a family of animal lectins that modulate cell adhesion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Recent studies have shown that mammalian Gal-8 induces in an autocrine and paracrine manner, the expression and secretion of cytokines and chemokines such as RANKL, IL-6, IL-1β, SDF-1, and MCP-1. This involves Gal-8 binding to receptor complexes that include MRC2/uPAR/LRP1, integrins, and CD44. Receptors ligation triggers FAK, ERK, Akt, and the JNK signaling pathways, leading to induction of NF-κB that promotes cytokine expression. Indeed, immune-competent Gal-8 knockout (KO) mice express systemic lower levels of cytokines and chemokines while the opposite is true for Gal-8 transgenic animals. Cytokine and chemokine secretion, induced by Gal-8, promotes the migration of cancer cells toward cells expressing this lectin. Accordingly, Gal-8 KO mice experience reduced tumor size and smaller and fewer metastatic lesions when injected with cancer cells. These observations suggest the existence of a ‘vicious cycle’ whereby Gal-8 expression and secretion promotes the secretion of cytokines and chemokines that further promote Gal-8 expression. This ‘vicious cycle’ could enhance the development of a ‘cytokine storm’ which is a key contributor to the poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
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15
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Imitating evolution's tinkering by protein engineering reveals extension of human galectin-7 activity. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:253-272. [PMID: 34152508 PMCID: PMC8460509 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type lectins have distinct types of modular design. As a step to explain the physiological importance of their special status, hypothesis-driven protein engineering is used to generate variants. Concerning adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins, non-covalently associated homodimers are commonly encountered in vertebrates. The homodimeric galectin-7 (Gal-7) is a multifunctional context-dependent modulator. Since the possibility of conversion from the homodimer to hybrids with other galectin domains, i.e. from Gal-1 and Gal-3, has recently been discovered, we designed Gal-7-based constructs, i.e. stable (covalently linked) homo- and heterodimers. They were produced and purified by affinity chromatography, and the sugar-binding activity of each lectin unit proven by calorimetry. Inspection of profiles of binding of labeled galectins to an array-like platform with various cell types, i.e. sections of murine epididymis and jejunum, and impact on neuroblastoma cell proliferation revealed no major difference between natural and artificial (stable) homodimers. When analyzing heterodimers, acquisition of altered properties was seen. Remarkably, binding properties and activity as effector can depend on the order of arrangement of lectin domains (from N- to C-termini) and on the linker length. After dissociation of the homodimer, the Gal-7 domain can build new functionally active hybrids with other partners. This study provides a clear direction for research on defining the full range of Gal-7 functionality and offers the perspective of testing applications for engineered heterodimers.
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16
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Reprogramming the tumor metastasis cascade by targeting galectin-driven networks. Biochem J 2021; 478:597-617. [PMID: 33600595 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A sequence of interconnected events known as the metastatic cascade promotes tumor progression by regulating cellular and molecular interactions between tumor, stromal, endothelial, and immune cells both locally and systemically. Recently, a new concept has emerged to better describe this process by defining four attributes that metastatic cells should undergo. Every individual hallmark represents a unique trait of a metastatic cell that impacts directly in the outcome of the metastasis process. These critical features, known as the hallmarks of metastasis, include motility and invasion, modulation of the microenvironment, cell plasticity and colonization. They are hierarchically regulated at different levels by several factors, including galectins, a highly conserved family of β-galactoside-binding proteins abundantly expressed in tumor microenvironments and sites of metastasis. In this review, we discuss the role of galectins in modulating each hallmark of metastasis, highlighting novel therapeutic opportunities for treating the metastatic disease.
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17
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Li W, Sancho A, Chung WL, Vinik Y, Groll J, Zick Y, Medalia O, Bershadsky AD, Geiger B. Differential cellular responses to adhesive interactions with galectin-8- and fibronectin-coated substrates. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252221. [PMID: 33722978 PMCID: PMC8106957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the cellular response to extracellular matrices (ECMs) that consist of multiple adhesive ligands are still poorly understood. Here, we address this topic by monitoring specific cellular responses to two different extracellular adhesion molecules - the main integrin ligand fibronectin and galectin-8, a lectin that binds β-galactoside residues - as well as to mixtures of the two proteins. Compared with cell spreading on fibronectin, cell spreading on galectin-8-coated substrates resulted in increased projected cell area, more-pronounced extension of filopodia and, yet, the inability to form focal adhesions and stress fibers. These differences can be partially reversed by experimental manipulations of small G-proteins of the Rho family and their downstream targets, such as formins, the Arp2/3 complex and Rho kinase. We also show that the physical adhesion of cells to galectin-8 was stronger than adhesion to fibronectin. Notably, galectin-8 and fibronectin differently regulate cell spreading and focal adhesion formation, yet act synergistically to upregulate the number and length of filopodia. The physiological significance of the coherent cellular response to a molecularly complex matrix is discussed. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ana Sancho
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany
| | - Yehiel Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D. Bershadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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18
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Dickhout A, Tullemans BME, Heemskerk JWM, Thijssen VLJL, Kuijpers MJE, Koenen RR. Galectin-1 and platelet factor 4 (CXCL4) induce complementary platelet responses in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244736. [PMID: 33411760 PMCID: PMC7790394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (gal-1) is a carbohydrate-binding lectin with important functions in angiogenesis, immune response, hemostasis and inflammation. Comparable functions are exerted by platelet factor 4 (CXCL4), a chemokine stored in the α-granules of platelets. Previously, gal-1 was found to activate platelets through integrin αIIbβ3. Both gal-1 and CXCL4 have high affinities for polysaccharides, and thus may mutually influence their functions. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible synergism of gal-1 and CXCL4 in platelet activation. Platelets were treated with increasing concentrations of gal-1, CXCL4 or both, and aggregation, integrin activation, P-selectin and phosphatidyl serine (PS) exposure were determined by light transmission aggregometry and by flow cytometry. To investigate the influence of cell surface sialic acid, platelets were treated with neuraminidase prior to stimulation. Gal-1 and CXCL4 were found to colocalize on the platelet surface. Stimulation with gal-1 led to integrin αIIbβ3 activation and to robust platelet aggregation, while CXCL4 weakly triggered aggregation and primarily induced P-selectin expression. Co-incubation of gal-1 and CXCL4 potentiated platelet aggregation compared with gal-1 alone. Whereas neither gal-1 and CXCL4 induced PS-exposure on platelets, prior removal of surface sialic acid strongly potentiated PS exposure. In addition, neuraminidase treatment increased the binding of gal-1 to platelets and lowered the activation threshold for gal-1. However, CXCL4 did not affect binding of gal-1 to platelets. Taken together, stimulation of platelets with gal-1 and CXCL4 led to distinct and complementary activation profiles, with additive rather than synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Dickhout
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bibian M. E. Tullemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L. J. L. Thijssen
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Medical Oncology & Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (RRK); (VLJLT)
| | - Marijke J. E. Kuijpers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rory R. Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (RRK); (VLJLT)
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19
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Abstract
Galectins are soluble lectins that participate in many physiological and pathological functions. Since they can act extracellularly, the use of the recombinant protein is a recurrent strategy for studying their biological functions. Here, we provide a general protocol for the production of Galectins and their isolated or chimeric domains. We take advantage of their lectin activity and the 6xHis-tag addition for purification, thus obtaining a highly pure and active Galectin to use in both in vitro and in vivo assays. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cattaneo et al. (2011), Tribulatti et al. (2012), and Prato et al. (2020). We present a protocol for obtaining highly pure recombinant Galectins This protocol can be adapted for several Galectin family members with high yield Recombinant galectins retain their lectin activity as assessed by hemagglutination Recombinant Galectins are endotoxin-free and can be used in cell culture assays
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20
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Bertelli A, Sanmarco LM, Pascuale CA, Postan M, Aoki MP, Leguizamón MS. Anti-inflammatory Role of Galectin-8 During Trypanosoma cruzi Chronic Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:285. [PMID: 32714876 PMCID: PMC7343849 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are animal lectins with high affinity for β-galactosides that drive the immune response through several mechanisms. In particular, the role of galectin-8 (Gal-8) in inflammation remains controversial. To analyze its role in a chronic inflammatory environment, we studied a murine model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. The parasite induces alterations that lead to the development of chronic cardiomyopathy and/or megaviscera in 30% of infected patients. The strong cardiac inflammation along with fibrosis leads to cardiomyopathy, the most relevant consequence of Chagas disease. By analyzing infected wild-type (iWT) and Gal-8-deficient (iGal-8KO) C57BL/6J mice at the chronic phase (4–5 months post-infection), we observed that the lack of Gal-8 favored a generalized increase in heart, skeletal muscle, and liver inflammation associated with extensive fibrosis, unrelated to tissue parasite loads. Remarkably, increased frequencies of neutrophils and macrophages were observed within cardiac iGal-8KO tissue by flow cytometry. It has been proposed that Gal-8, as well as other galectins, induces the surface expression of the inner molecule phosphatidylserine on activated neutrophils, which serves as an “eat-me” signal for macrophages, favoring viable neutrophil removal and tissue injury protection, a process known as preaparesis. We found that the increased neutrophil rates could be associated with the absence of Gal-8-dependent preaparesis, leading to a diminished neutrophil-clearing capability in macrophages. Thus, our results support that Gal-8 exerts an anti-inflammatory role in chronic T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Bertelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, San Martín, Argentina.,Consejo Naciona de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Sanmarco
- Consejo Naciona de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carla A Pascuale
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, San Martín, Argentina.,Consejo Naciona de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Consejo Naciona de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria P Aoki
- Consejo Naciona de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María S Leguizamón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, San Martín, Argentina.,Consejo Naciona de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Full-length galectin-8 and separate carbohydrate recognition domains: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts? Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1255-1268. [PMID: 32597487 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a tandem-repeat type galectin with affinity for β-galactosides, bearing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker peptide. The N- and C-terminal domains (Gal-8N and Gal-8C) share 35% homology, and their glycan ligand specificity is notably dissimilar: while Gal-8N shows strong affinity for α(2-3)-sialylated oligosaccharides, Gal-8C has higher affinity for non-sialylated oligosaccharides, including poly-N-acetyllactosamine and/ or A and B blood group structures. Particularly relevant for understanding the biological role of this lectin, full-length Gal-8 can bind cell surface glycoconjugates with broader affinity than the isolated Gal-8N and Gal-8C domains, a trait also described for other tandem-repeat galectins. Herein, we aim to discuss the potential use of separate CRDs in modelling tandem-repeat galectin-8 and its biological functions. For this purpose, we will cover several aspects of the structure-function relationship of this protein including crystallographic structures, glycan specificity, cell function and biological roles, with the ultimate goal of understanding the potential role of each CRD in predicting full-length Gal-8 involvement in relevant biological processes.
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Tribulatti MV, Carabelli J, Prato CA, Campetella O. Galectin-8 in the onset of the immune response and inflammation. Glycobiology 2019; 30:134-142. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Galectins (Gals), a family of mammalian lectins, have emerged as key regulators of the immune response, being implicated in several physiologic and pathologic conditions. Lately, there is increasing data regarding the participation of Galectin-8 (Gal-8) in both the adaptive and innate immune responses, as well as its high expression in inflammatory disorders. Here, we focus on the pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of Gal-8 and discuss the potential use of this lectin in order to shape the immune response, according to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Tribulatti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Julieta Carabelli
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cecilia A Prato
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, Avenida 25 de Mayo y Francia, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650HMP, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Ludwig AK, Michalak M, Xiao Q, Gilles U, Medrano FJ, Ma H, FitzGerald FG, Hasley WD, Melendez-Davila A, Liu M, Rahimi K, Kostina NY, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Möller M, Lindner I, Kaltner H, Cudic M, Reusch D, Kopitz J, Romero A, Oscarson S, Klein ML, Gabius HJ, Percec V. Design-functionality relationships for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2837-2842. [PMID: 30718416 PMCID: PMC6386680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813515116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-lectin recognition is assumed to elicit its broad range of (patho)physiological functions via a combination of specific contact formation with generation of complexes of distinct signal-triggering topology on biomembranes. Faced with the challenge to understand why evolution has led to three particular modes of modular architecture for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins in vertebrates, here we introduce protein engineering to enable design switches. The impact of changes is measured in assays on cell growth and on bridging fully synthetic nanovesicles (glycodendrimersomes) with a chemically programmable surface. Using the example of homodimeric galectin-1 and monomeric galectin-3, the mutual design conversion caused qualitative differences, i.e., from bridging effector to antagonist/from antagonist to growth inhibitor and vice versa. In addition to attaining proof-of-principle evidence for the hypothesis that chimera-type galectin-3 design makes functional antagonism possible, we underscore the value of versatile surface programming with a derivative of the pan-galectin ligand lactose. Aggregation assays with N,N'-diacetyllactosamine establishing a parasite-like surface signature revealed marked selectivity among the family of galectins and bridging potency of homodimers. These findings provide fundamental insights into design-functionality relationships of galectins. Moreover, our strategy generates the tools to identify biofunctional lattice formation on biomembranes and galectin-reagents with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Malwina Michalak
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qi Xiao
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Ulrich Gilles
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Francisco J Medrano
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanyue Ma
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - William D Hasley
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Adriel Melendez-Davila
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Matthew Liu
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Nina Yu Kostina
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Martin Möller
- Deutsches Wollforschungsinstitut-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen
| | - Ingo Lindner
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Biotech Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Applied Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Romero
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael L Klein
- Institute of Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323;
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Weinmann D, Kenn M, Schmidt S, Schmidt K, Walzer SM, Kubista B, Windhager R, Schreiner W, Toegel S, Gabius HJ. Galectin-8 induces functional disease markers in human osteoarthritis and cooperates with galectins-1 and -3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4187-4205. [PMID: 29934665 PMCID: PMC6182346 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reading of glycan-encoded signals by tissue lectins is considered a major route of the flow of biological information in many (patho)physiological processes. The arising challenge for current research is to proceed from work on a distinct protein to family-wide testing of lectin function. Having previously identified homodimeric galectin-1 and chimera-type galectin-3 as molecular switches in osteoarthritis progression, we here provide proof-of-principle evidence for an intra-network cooperation of galectins with three types of modular architecture. We show that the presence of tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration and that it is secreted by osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Glycan-inhibitable surface binding of galectin-8 to these cells increased gene transcription and the secretion of functional disease markers. The natural variant galectin-8 (F19Y) was less active than the prevalent form. Genome-wide array analysis revealed induction of a pro-degradative/inflammatory gene signature, largely under control of NF-κB signaling. This signature overlapped with respective gene-expression patterns elicited by galectins-1 and -3, but also presented supplementary features. Functional assays with mixtures of galectins that mimic the pathophysiological status unveiled cooperation between the three galectins. Our findings shape the novel concept to consider individual galectins as part of a so far not realized teamwork in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, with relevance beyond this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Weinmann
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kenn
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katy Schmidt
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja M Walzer
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Kubista
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Windhager
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreiner
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Biosimulation and Bioinformatics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Toegel
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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The Role of Galectins as Modulators of Metabolism and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9186940. [PMID: 29950926 PMCID: PMC5987346 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9186940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are β-galcotosid-binding lectins. The function of galectins varies with their tissue-specific and subcellular location, and their binding to carbohydrates makes them key players in several intra- and extracellular processes where they bind to glycosylated proteins and lipids. In humans, there are 12 identified galectins, some with tissue-specific distribution. Galectins are found inside cells and in the nucleus, cytosol, and organelles, as well as extracellularly. Galectin-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8, -9, and -12 can all induce T-cell apoptosis and modulate inflammation. In the context of metabolic control and loss of the same in, for example, diabetes, galectin-1, -2, -3, -9, and -12 are especially interesting. This review presents information on galectins relevant to the control of inflammation and metabolism and the potential to target galectins for therapeutic purposes.
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Exploring functional pairing between surface glycoconjugates and human galectins using programmable glycodendrimersomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2509-E2518. [PMID: 29382751 PMCID: PMC5856548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720055115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are decorated with charged and uncharged carbohydrate ligands known as glycans, which are responsible for several key functions, including their interactions with proteins known as lectins. Here, a platform consisting of synthetic nanoscale vesicles, known as glycodendrimersomes, which can be programmed with cell surface-like structural and topological complexity, is employed to dissect design aspects of glycan presentation, with specificity for lectin-mediated bridging. Aggregation assays reveal the extent of cross-linking of these biomimetic nanoscale vesicles—presenting both anionic and neutral ligands in a bioactive manner—with disease-related human and other galectins, thus offering the possibility of unraveling the nature of these fundamental interactions. Precise translation of glycan-encoded information into cellular activity depends critically on highly specific functional pairing between glycans and their human lectin counter receptors. Sulfoglycolipids, such as sulfatides, are important glycolipid components of the biological membranes found in the nervous and immune systems. The optimal molecular and spatial design aspects of sulfated and nonsulfated glycans with high specificity for lectin-mediated bridging are unknown. To elucidate how different molecular and spatial aspects combine to ensure the high specificity of lectin-mediated bridging, a bottom-up toolbox is devised. To this end, negatively surface-charged glycodendrimersomes (GDSs), of different nanoscale dimensions, containing sulfo-lactose groups are self-assembled in buffer from a synthetic sulfatide mimic: Janus glycodendrimer (JGD) containing a 3′-O-sulfo-lactose headgroup. Also prepared for comparative analysis are GDSs with nonsulfated lactose, a common epitope of human membranes. These self-assembled GDSs are employed in aggregation assays with 15 galectins, comprising disease-related human galectins, and other natural and engineered variants from four families, having homodimeric, heterodimeric, and chimera architectures. There are pronounced differences in aggregation capacity between human homodimeric and heterodimeric galectins, and also with respect to their responsiveness to the charge of carbohydrate-derived ligand. Assays reveal strong differential impact of ligand surface charge and density, as well as lectin concentration and structure, on the extent of surface cross-linking. These findings demonstrate how synthetic JGD-headgroup tailoring teamed with protein engineering and network assays can help explain how molecular matchmaking operates in the cellular context of glycan and lectin complexity.
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Signorello MG, Leoncini G. The molecular mechanisms involved in lectin-induced human platelet aggregation. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1335-1346. [PMID: 28779561 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the effect of three legume lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), on the function of human platelets. We have found that WGA is more active than PHA in stimulating platelet activation/aggregation, while LCA has no effect. Studies on the mechanisms involved show that WGA and PHA induce phosphorylation/activation of PLCγ2 and increase [Ca2+]i. For the first time, it has been shown that Src/Syk pathway, the adapter protein SLP-76 and the exchange protein VAV, participate in the PLCγ2 activation by these lectins. Moreover WGA and PHA stimulate the PI3K/AKT pathway. PI3K, through its product phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate activates Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and contributes to PLCγ2 activation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PLCγ2 activation induced by WGA and PHA is regulated by Src/Syk and by PI3K/BTK pathways through their concerted action.
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French BM, Sendil S, Pierson RN, Azimzadeh AM. The role of sialic acids in the immune recognition of xenografts. Xenotransplantation 2017; 24. [PMID: 29057592 PMCID: PMC10167934 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Presentation of sialic acid (Sia) varies among different tissues and organs within each species, and between species. This diversity has biologically important consequences regarding the recognition of cells by "xeno" antibodies (Neu5Gc vs Neu5Ac). Sia also plays a central role in inflammation by influencing binding of the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR-1), Siglec-1 (Sialoadhesin), and cellular interactions mediated by the selectin, integrin, and galectin receptor families. This review will focus on what is known about basic Sia structure and function in association with xenotransplantation, how changes in sialylation may occur in this context (through desialylation or changes in sialyltransferases), and how this fundamental pathway modulates adhesive and cell activation pathways that appear to be particularly crucial to homeostasis and inflammation for xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M French
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, and VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Selin Sendil
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, and VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard N Pierson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, and VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Agnes M Azimzadeh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Baltimore, School of Medicine, and VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Studying the Structural Significance of Galectin Design by Playing a Modular Puzzle: Homodimer Generation from Human Tandem-Repeat-Type (Heterodimeric) Galectin-8 by Domain Shuffling. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091572. [PMID: 28925965 PMCID: PMC6151538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue lectins are emerging (patho)physiological effectors with broad significance. The capacity of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins to form functional complexes with distinct cellular glycoconjugates is based on molecular selection of matching partners. Engineering of variants by changing the topological display of carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs) provides tools to understand the inherent specificity of the functional pairing. We here illustrate its practical implementation in the case of human tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 (Gal-8). It is termed Gal-8 (NC) due to presence of two different CRDs at the N- and C-terminal positions. Gal-8N exhibits exceptionally high affinity for 3'-sialylated/sulfated β-galactosides. This protein is turned into a new homodimer, i.e., Gal-8 (NN), by engineering. The product maintained activity for lactose-inhibitable binding of glycans and glycoproteins. Preferential association with 3'-sialylated/sulfated (and 6-sulfated) β-galactosides was seen by glycan-array analysis when compared to the wild-type protein, which also strongly bound to ABH-type epitopes. Agglutination of erythrocytes documented functional bivalency. This result substantiates the potential for comparative functional studies between the variant and natural Gal-8 (NC)/Gal-8N.
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Kocyigit D, Gurses KM, Yalcin MU, Canpinar H, Canpolat U, Evranos B, Yorgun H, Ozer N, Guc D, Aytemir K. Serum galectin-3 level as a marker of thrombogenicity in atrial fibrillation. J Clin Lab Anal 2017; 31. [PMID: 28295609 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left atrial appendage flow velocity (LAAFV) and presence of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) have been reported to be predictors of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Galectin-3 is a biomarker reflecting pro-inflammatory status, whose role in AF has recently drawn attention, particularly in persistent AF population. AIM In this study we aimed to investigate the association between serum galectin-3 levels and echocardiographic predictors of thromboembolism in persistent AF patients. METHODS We included 65 persistent AF patients (55.50±10.67 years, 46.15% male). Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed to assess LAAFV and presence of left atrial (LA)/LA appendage (LAA)-located SEC and thrombus prior to direct current cardioversion or catheter ablation for AF. RESULTS Median galectin-3 level was 0.63 ng/mL. Serum galectin-3 levels were significantly correlated with LAAFV (r=-.440, P<.001). Serum galectin-3 levels were associated with presence of SEC (P<.001), and LA thrombus (P=.008). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a serum galectin-3 greater or equal to the cut-off value of 0.69 predicted presence of SEC with a sensitivity and specificity of 91.00% and 79.00%, respectively (P<.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, in the setting of persistent AF, serum galectin-3 levels are associated with presence of SEC and LAAFV on TEE. Our findings suggest that serum galectin-3 level may have a place in thromboembolism risk stratification in persistent AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kocyigit
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Hande Canpinar
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Canpolat
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Evranos
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Yorgun
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Necla Ozer
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dicle Guc
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kudret Aytemir
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Gertz JM, Bouchard BA. Mechanisms Regulating Acquisition of Platelet-Derived Factor V/Va by Megakaryocytes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2121-6. [PMID: 25800007 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Factor Va serves as the nonenzymatic protein cofactor for the prothrombinase complex, which converts prothrombin to thrombin in the events leading to formation of a hemostatic plug. Several observations support the concept that platelet-derived factor V/Va is physically and functionally distinct and plays a more important role in thrombin generation at sites of vascular injury as compared to its plasma counterpart. Platelet-derived factor V/Va is generated following endocytosis of the plasma-derived molecule by the platelet precursor cells, megakaryocytes, via a two receptor system consisting of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and an unidentified specific "binding site". More recently, it was suggested that a cell surface-expressed β-galactoside binding protein, galectin-8, was involved in factor V endocytosis. Endocytosed factor V is trafficked through the cell and retailored prior to its storage in α-granules. Given the essential role of platelet-derived factor Va in clot formation, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate how platelets acquire this molecule will be important for the treatment of excessive bleeding or clotting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth A Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Schaff M, Gachet C, Mangin PH. [Anti-platelets without a bleeding risk: novel targets and strategies]. Biol Aujourdhui 2016; 209:211-28. [PMID: 26820829 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2015023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Anti-platelet agents such as aspirin, clopidogrel and antagonists of integrin αIIbβ3 allowed to efficiently reduce morbidity and mortality associated with arterial thrombosis. A major limit of these drugs is that they increase the risk of bleeding. During the last few years, several innovative anti-thrombotic strategies with a potentially low bleeding risk were proposed. These approaches target the collagen receptor glycoprotein (GP) VI, the GPIb/von Willebrand factor axis, the thrombin receptor PAR-1, the activated form of integrin αIIbβ3 or the ADP receptor P2Y1. While an antagonist of PAR-1 was recently marketed, the clinical proofs of the efficiency and safety of the other agents remain to be established. This review evaluates these new anti-platelet approaches toward safer anti-thrombotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schaff
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australie
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Henri Mangin
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Alsace, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Characterization of a double-CRD-mutated Gal-8 recombinant protein that retains co-stimulatory activity on antigen-specific T-cell response. Biochem J 2016; 473:887-98. [PMID: 26795039 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Galectins (Gals) constitute a family of mammalian lectins with affinity for β-galactosides, characterized by the presence of conserved CRDs (carbohydrate-recognition domains). We have found previously that Gal-8, from the tandem-repeat group with two linked CRDs, exerts two separate actions on CD4(+)T-cells: antigen-independent proliferation and, at lower concentration, antigen-specific co-stimulation. Whereas proliferation can be ascribed to the pro-inflammatory role of Gal-8, the co-stimulatory activity of borderline T-cell-specific responses allows the proposal of Gal-8 as an adjuvant in vaccination. To study the relevance of glycan-lectin interaction to these T-cell activities, we generated a double-mutated protein (Gal-8mut) by replacing canonical arginine residues on each CRD, so as to abolish sugar-binding capacity. As expected, Gal-8mut was unable to bind to lactosyl-Sepharose, confirming that lactose recognition was precluded; however, preservation of lectin activity was still evident since Gal-8mut displayed haemoagglutinatory effects and binding capacity to the T-cell surface. To search for glycan affinity, a glycan microarray analysis was conducted which revealed that Gal-8mut lost most low- and intermediate-, but retained high-, affinity interactions, mainly to polylactosamines and blood group antigens. These findings were supported further by molecular modelling. Regarding biological activity, Gal-8mut was unable to induce T-cell proliferation, but efficiently co-stimulated antigen-specific responses, bothin vitroandin vivo.Therefore Gal-8mut represents a useful tool to dissect the specificities of lectin-glycan interactions underlying distinctive Gal-8 activities on T-cell biology. Moreover, given its distinguishing properties, Gal-8mut could be used to enhance borderline immune responses without the non-specific pro-inflammatory activity or other potential adverse effects.
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Mao Y, Peng Y, Zeng Q, Cheng L, Wang B, Mao X, Meng K, Liu Y, Lian Y, Li D. A Potential Mechanism of High-Dose Ticagrelor in Modulating Platelet Activity and Atherosclerosis Mediated by Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141464. [PMID: 26517374 PMCID: PMC4627752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and its receptor (TSLPR) was found in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Ticagrelor, an oral platelet ADP P2Y12 receptor antagonist, is widely used in these patients. The aim of this study was to verify whether different doses of ticagrelor regulated plaque progression and platelet activity by modulating TSLP/TSLPR. Seventy-five ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups: (1) high-cholesterol diet (HCD, n = 15); (2) HCD plus ticagrelor 25 mg/kg/d (T1, n = 15); (3) HCD plus ticagrelor 50 mg/kg/d (T2, n = 15); (4) HCD plus ticagrelor 100 mg/kg/d (T3, n = 15); and (5) a normal diet group (ND, n = 15). At day 0 and at week 16, blood lipids and serum TSLP levels, expression of TSLPR, CD62, and CD63, platelet aggregation, platelet ATP release, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and plaque morphology were assessed. HCD increased TSLPR expression and atherosclerosis progression but high-dose ticagrelor (100 mg/kg) moderated this trend. TSLPR was positively correlated with Akt1, platelet aggregation, corrected plaque area, and vulnerability index in the T3 group (P<0.01). In conclusion, low-dose ticagrelor only inhibited platelet activity. Besides this inhibition, high-dose ticagrelor modulated platelet activity and atherosclerosis mediated by TSLPR, potentially through the PI3K/Akt signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mao
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yudong Peng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Longxian Cheng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Kai Meng
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yitian Lian
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
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Zhong M, Zhang H, Reilly JP, Chrisitie JD, Ishihara M, Kumagai T, Azadi P, Reilly MP. ABO Blood Group as a Model for Platelet Glycan Modification in Arterial Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1570-8. [PMID: 26044584 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABO blood groups have long been associated with cardiovascular disease, thrombosis, and acute coronary syndromes. Many studies over the years have shown type O blood group to be associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease than non-type O blood groups. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Although ABO blood group is associated with variations in concentrations of circulating von Willebrand Factor and other endothelial cell adhesion molecules, ABO antigens are also present on several platelet surface glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. As we highlight in this platelet-centric review, these glycomic modifications may affect platelet function in arterial thrombosis. More broadly, improving our understanding of the role of platelet glycan modifications in acute coronary syndromes may inform future diagnostics and therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.)
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.)
| | - John P Reilly
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.)
| | - Jason D Chrisitie
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.)
| | - Mayumi Ishihara
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.)
| | - Tadahiro Kumagai
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.)
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute (M.Z., H.Z., M.P.R.) and Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine (J.P.R., J.D.C.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; and Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens (M.I., T.K., P.A.).
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Abstract
Galectins are an evolutionarily ancient family of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) and are found in all animals. Although they were discovered over 30 years ago, ideas about their biological functions continue to evolve. Current evidence indicates that galectins, which are the only known GBPs that occur free in the cytoplasm and extracellularly, are involved in a variety of intracellular and extracellular pathways contributing to homeostasis, cellular turnover, cell adhesion, and immunity. Here we review evolving insights into galectin biology from a historical perspective and explore current evidence regarding biological roles of galectins.
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Abstract
Platelets are anucleated blood cells derived from megakaryocytes, and although they are essential for proper hemostasis, their function extends to physiologic processes such as tissue repair, wound remodeling, and antimicrobial host defense, or pathologic conditions such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Recently, we demonstrated that two structurally divergent members of the galectin family, galectin-1 and galectin-8, are potent platelet agonists. The emergence of galectins as soluble mediators capable of triggering platelet activation opens a new field of research that will provide further insights into the mechanisms linking inflammatory responses to thrombus formation and could expand our view of the role of platelets much beyond hemostasis to their pathophysiologic role during inflammation and cancer. The present article details the various protocols and reagents currently used in our laboratory to study the role of galectins in human platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Romaniuk
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine (IMEX/CONICET), National Academy of Medicine, Pacheco de Melo 3081, Buenos Aires, 1425, Argentina
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Schattner M. Platelets and galectins. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:85. [PMID: 25405160 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A major function of platelets is keeping the vascular system intact. Platelet activation at sites of vascular injury leads to the formation of a hemostatic plug. Activation of platelets is therefore crucial for normal hemostasis; however, uncontrolled platelet activation may also lead to the formation of occlusive thrombi that can cause ischemic events. Although they are essential for proper hemostasis, platelet function extends to physiologic processes such as tissue repair, wound remodeling and antimicrobial host defense, or pathologic conditions such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. Platelets can be activated by soluble molecules including thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin or by adhesive extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as von Willebrand factor (vWF) and collagen. Here we describe recent advances in the activation of platelets by non-canonical platelet agonists such as galectins. By acting either in soluble or immobilized form, these glycan-binding proteins trigger all platelet activation responses through modulation of discrete signaling pathways. We also offer new hypotheses and some speculations about the role of platelet-galectin interactions not only in hemostasis and thrombosis but also in inflammation and related diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine-CONICET, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cattaneo V, Tribulatti MV, Carabelli J, Carestia A, Schattner M, Campetella O. Galectin-8 elicits pro-inflammatory activities in the endothelium. Glycobiology 2014; 24:966-73. [PMID: 24957054 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gals), a family of mammalian lectins, play diverse roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we analyzed the tandem-repeat Gal-8 synthesis, secretion and effects on the endothelium physiology. Gal-8M and Gal-8L isoforms were secreted under basal conditions by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). However, expression and secretion of the Gal-8M isoform, but not Gal-8L, were increased in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulus and returned to control values after LPS removal. Similarly, cell surface Gal-8 exposure was increased after stimulation with LPS. To evaluate Gal-8 effects on the endothelium physiology, HMEC-1 cells were incubated in the presence of recombinant Gal-8M. Pretreated HMEC-1 cells became proadhesive to human normal platelets, indicating that Gal-8 actually activates endothelial cells. This effect was specific for lectin activity as it was prevented by the simultaneous addition of lactose, but not by sucrose. Endothelial cells also increased their exposition of von Willebrand factor after Gal-8 treatment, which constitutes another feature of cell activation that could be, in turn, responsible for the observed platelet adhesion. Several pro-inflammatory molecules were abundantly produced by Gal-8 stimulated endothelial cells: CXCL1 (GRO-α), GM-CSF, IL-6 and CCL5 (RANTES), and in a lower degree CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL3 (GRO-γ) and CXCL8 (IL-8). In agreement, Gal-8M induced nuclear factor kappa B phosphorylation. Altogether, these results not only confirm the pro-inflammatory role we have already proposed for Gal-8 in other cellular systems but also suggest that this lectin is orchestrating the interaction between leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cattaneo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Tribulatti
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carabelli
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina Carestia
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, C1425AUM Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina, C1425AUM Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomus (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNSAM-CONICET), San Martín B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
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Etulain J, Schattner M. Glycobiology of platelet-endothelial cell interactions. Glycobiology 2014; 24:1252-9. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Etulain J, Negrotto S, Tribulatti MV, Croci DO, Carabelli J, Campetella O, Rabinovich GA, Schattner M. Control of angiogenesis by galectins involves the release of platelet-derived proangiogenic factors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96402. [PMID: 24788652 PMCID: PMC4005776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets contribute to vessel formation through the release of angiogenesis-modulating factors stored in their α-granules. Galectins, a family of lectins that bind β-galactoside residues, are up-regulated in inflammatory and cancerous tissues, trigger platelet activation and mediate vascularization processes. Here we aimed to elucidate whether the release of platelet-derived proangiogenic molecules could represent an alternative mechanism through which galectins promote neovascularization. We show that different members of the galectin family can selectively regulate the release of angiogenic molecules by human platelets. Whereas Galectin (Gal)-1, -3, and -8 triggered vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release, only Gal-8 induced endostatin secretion. Release of VEGF induced by Gal-8 was partially prevented by COX-1, PKC, p38 and Src kinases inhibitors, whereas Gal-1-induced VEGF secretion was inhibited by PKC and ERK blockade, and Gal-3 triggered VEGF release selectively through a PKC-dependent pathway. Regarding endostatin, Gal-8 failed to stimulate its release in the presence of PKC, Src and ERK inhibitors, whereas aspirin or p38 inhibitor had no effect on endostatin release. Despite VEGF or endostatin secretion, platelet releasates generated by stimulation with each galectin stimulated angiogenic responses in vitro including endothelial cell proliferation and tubulogenesis. The platelet angiogenic activity was independent of VEGF and was attributed to the concerted action of other proangiogenic molecules distinctly released by each galectin. Thus, secretion of platelet-derived angiogenic molecules may represent an alternative mechanism by which galectins promote angiogenic responses and its selective blockade may lead to the development of therapeutic strategies for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Etulain
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Negrotto
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Virginia Tribulatti
- Institute of Biotechnological Investigations, Technologic Institute of Chascomús-National University of San Martín, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Omar Croci
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Carabelli
- Institute of Biotechnological Investigations, Technologic Institute of Chascomús-National University of San Martín, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Campetella
- Institute of Biotechnological Investigations, Technologic Institute of Chascomús-National University of San Martín, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Adrián Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Functional Glycomics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratory of Experimental Thrombosis, Institute of Experimental Medicine, CONICET-National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Liu D, Liang F, Wang X, Cao J, Qin W, Sun B. Suppressive effect of CORM-2 on LPS-induced platelet activation by glycoprotein mediated HS1 phosphorylation interference. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83112. [PMID: 24376647 PMCID: PMC3869782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been discovered that septic patients display coagulation abnormalities. Platelets play a major role in the coagulation system. Studies have confirmed that carbon monoxide (CO) has important cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory function. However, whether CO could alter abnormal activation of platelets and coagulation and thereby reduce the incidence of mortality during sepsis has not been defined. In this report, we have used CO-releasing molecules (CORM-2) to determine whether CO inhibits LPS-induced abnormal activation of platelets and have explored the potential mechanisms. LPS was used to induce activation of platelets in vitro, which were purified from the peripheral venous blood of healthy adult donors. CORM-2 was applied as a potential therapeutic agent. CORM-2 preconditioning and delayed treatment were also studied. We found that in the LPS groups, the function of platelets such as spreading, aggregation, and release were enhanced abnormally. By contrast, the platelets in the CORM-2 group were gently activated. Further studies showed that the expression of platelet membrane glycoproteins increased in the LPS group. Coincidently, both hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 and its phosphorylated form also increased dramatically. These phenomena were less dramatically seen in the CORM-2 groups. Taken together, we conclude that during LPS stimulation, platelets were abnormally activated, and this functional state may be associated with the signal that is transmitted between membrane glycoproteins and HS1. CORM-released CO suppresses the abnormal activation of platelets by interfering with glycoprotein-mediated HS1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadong Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiting Qin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Carestia A, Rivadeneyra L, Romaniuk MA, Fondevila C, Negrotto S, Schattner M. Functional responses and molecular mechanisms involved in histone-mediated platelet activation. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:1035-45. [PMID: 23965842 DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Histones are highly alkaline proteins found in cell nuclei and they can be released by either dying or inflammatory cells. The recent observations that histones are major components of neutrophil extracellular traps and promote platelet aggregation and platelet-dependent thrombin generation have shown that these proteins are potent prothrombotic molecules. Because the mechanism(s) of platelet activation by histones are not completely understood, we explored the ability of individual recombinant human histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 to induce platelet activation as well as the possible molecular mechanisms involved. All histones were substrates for platelet adhesion and spreading and triggered fibrinogen binding, aggregation, von Willebrand factor release, P-selectin and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates; however, H4 was the most potent. Histone-mediated fibrinogen binding, P-selectin and PS exposure and the formation of mixed aggregates were potentiated by thrombin. Histones induced the activation of ERK, Akt, p38 and NFκB. Accordingly, histone-induced platelet activation was significantly impaired by pretreatment of platelets with inhibitors of ERK (U 0126), PI3K/Akt (Ly 294002), p38 (SB 203580) and NFκB (BAY 11-7082 and Ro 106-9920). Preincubation of platelets with either aspirin or dexamethasone markedly decreased fibrinogen binding and the adhesion mediated by histones without affecting P-selectin exposure. Functional platelet responses induced by H3 and H4, but not H1, H2A and H2B, were partially mediated through interaction with Toll-like receptors -2 and -4. Our data identify histones as important triggers of haemostatic and proinflammatory platelet responses, and only haemostatic responses are partially inhibited by anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carestia
- Mirta Schattner, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, CONICET-ANM, Pacheco de Melo 3081, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina, Tel.: +54 11 4805 5759 ext. 301, Fax: +54 11 4805 0712, E-mail:
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Lee YJ, Koh YS, Park HE, Lee HJ, Hwang BH, Kang MK, Lee SY, Kim PJ, Ihm SH, Seung KB, Chang K. Spatial and temporal expression, and statin responsiveness of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in murine atherosclerosis. Korean Circ J 2013; 43:223-30. [PMID: 23682281 PMCID: PMC3654109 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2013.43.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Existing data on the spatiotemporal expression patterns of a variety of galectins in murine atherosclerosis are limited. We investigated the expression levels of galectins, and their in vivo spatiotemporal expression patterns and statin responsiveness in the inflamed atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-/- mice. Materials and Methods Galectins expression patterns in aortic atherosclerotic plaques and serum galectin-3 levels were investigated in 26-week-old apoE-/- (n=6) and C57BL/6 mice (n=9). To investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in plaques, high-cholesterol diet-fed 26-week-old (n=12) and 36-week-old apoE-/- mice (n=6) were sacrificed and their aortas were examined for galectins' expression using immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical stain. 36-week-old apoE-/- mice were treated with atorvastatin (n=3, 0.57 mg/kg/day) for the evaluation of its effect on aortic galectins' expression. Results Immunoblot analyses showed that galectin-1 and galectin-3 were the predominant galectins expressed in murine atherosclerosis. The serum galectin-3 level was significantly higher in apoE-/- mice (p<0.001). While galectin-1 was weakly expressed in both intimal plaques and the media of atherosclerotic aortas, galectin-3 was heavily and exclusively accumulated in intimal plaques. Galectin-3 distribution was colocalized with plaque macrophages' distribution (r=0.66). As the degree of plaque extent and inflammation increased, the intraplaque galectin-3 expression levels proportionally elevated (p<0.01 vs. baseline), whereas galectin-1 expression had not elevated (p=0.14 vs. baseline). Atorvastatin treatment markedly reduced intraplaque galectin-3 and macrophage signals (p<0.001 vs. baseline), whereas it failed to reduce galectin-1 expression in the aortas. Conclusion Galectin-3 is the predominant gal and is colocalized with macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques. Intraplaque galectin-3 expression reflects the degree of plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Blidner AG, Rabinovich GA. ‘Sweetening’ Pregnancy: Galectins at the Fetomaternal Interface. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 69:369-82. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ada G. Blidner
- Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires; Argentina
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Yoshida H, Yamashita S, Teraoka M, Itoh A, Nakakita SI, Nishi N, Kamitori S. X-ray structure of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-8 with two carbohydrate recognition domains. FEBS J 2012; 279:3937-51. [PMID: 22913484 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a tandem-repeat-type β-galactoside-specific animal lectin possessing N-terminal and C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (N-CRD and C-CRD, respectively), with a difference in carbohydrate-binding specificity, involved in cell-matrix interaction, malignant transformation, and cell adhesion. N-CRD shows strong affinity for α2-3-sialylated oligosaccharides, a feature unique to galectin-8. C-CRD usually shows lower affinity for oligosaccharides but higher affinity for N-glycan-type branched oligosaccharides than does N-CRD. There have been many structural studies on galectins with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), but no X-ray structure of a galectin containing both CRDs has been reported. Here, the X-ray structure of a protease-resistant mutant form of human galectin-8 possessing both CRDs and the novel pseudodimer structure of galectin-8 N-CRD in complexes with α2-3-sialylated oligosaccharide ligands were determined. The results revealed a difference in specificity between N-CRD and C-CRD, and provided new insights into the association of CRDs and/or molecules of galectin-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yoshida
- Life Science Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Ma G, Schmidt O, Keller M. Pre-feeding of a glycolipid binding protein LEC-8 from Caenorhabditis elegans revealed enhanced tolerance to Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 2:97-103. [PMID: 24371572 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Crystal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis bind to glycolipids and glycoproteins using two different lectin domains in the toxin protein. Our previous observations suggested that the sequestration of crystal toxin depends on the functional interaction of a toxin lectin with glycolipids. Given the finding that competition of a galectin LEC-8 with Cry5B for binding to glycolipids resulting in reduced Bt toxicity in nematode, it is interesting to explore the role of LEC-8 in insects. Here, we reported that the LEC-8 can also be exploited by insect for their survival when they were fed with Bt toxin food. Bioassay with LEC-8 showed that pre-feeding of Helicoverpa armigera larvae reduced the Cry1Ac susceptibility. Both LEC-8 and Cry1Ac bind to the midgut glycolipid in a similar way. Further ELISA indicated that LEC-8 interacts with glycolipid from insect midgut, thus reduce Cry1Ac binding to glycolipid. This in turn enhances insect tolerance to Cry1Ac toxin. The sugar determinants of LEC-8 were studied by using haemagglutination (HA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. It was suggested that the terminal sugar of LEC-8 has multiple sugar binding property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Otto Schmidt
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Mike Keller
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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