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Kumar K, Basak R, Rai A, Mukhopadhyay A. GRASP negatively regulates the secretion of the virulence factor gp63 in Leishmania. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:1063-1078. [PMID: 38558112 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metalloprotease-gp63 is a virulence factor secreted by Leishmania. However, secretory pathway in Leishmania is not well defined. Here, we cloned and expressed the GRASP homolog from Leishmania. We found that Leishmania expresses one GRASP homolog of 58 kDa protein (LdGRASP) which localizes in LdRab1- and LPG2-positive Golgi compartment in Leishmania. LdGRASP was found to bind with COPII complex, LdARF1, LdRab1 and LdRab11 indicating its role in ER and Golgi transport in Leishmania. To determine the function of LdGRASP, we generated LdGRASP knockout parasites using CRISPR-Cas9. We found fragmentation of Golgi in Ld:GRASPKO parasites. Our results showed enhanced transport of non-GPI-anchored gp63 to the cell surface leading to higher secretion of this form of gp63 in Ld:GRASPKO parasites in comparison to Ld:WT cells. In contrast, we found that transport of GPI-anchored gp63 to the cell surface is blocked in Ld:GRASPKO parasites and thereby inhibits its secretion. The overexpression of dominant-negative mutant of LdRab1 or LdSar1 in Ld:GRASPKO parasites significantly blocked the secretion of non-GPI-anchored gp63. Interestingly, we found that survival of transgenic parasites overexpressing Ld:GRASP-GFP is significantly compromised in macrophages in comparison to Ld:WT and Ld:GRASPKO parasites. These results demonstrated that LdGRASP differentially regulates Ldgp63 secretory pathway in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kumar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rituparna Basak
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakansha Rai
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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2
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Biran A, Santos TCB, Dingjan T, Futerman AH. The Sphinx and the egg: Evolutionary enigmas of the (glyco)sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159462. [PMID: 38307322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids (SLs) consists of multiple sequential steps which are compartmentalized between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Studies over many decades have identified the enzymes in the pathway, their localization, topology and an array of regulatory mechanisms. However, little is known about the evolutionary forces that underly the generation of this complex pathway or of its anteome, i.e., the metabolic pathways that converge on the SL biosynthetic pathway and are essential for its activity. After briefly describing the pathway, we discuss the mechanisms by which the enzymes of the SL biosynthetic pathway are targeted to their different subcellular locations, how the pathway per se may have evolved, including its compartmentalization, and the relationship of the pathway to eukaryogenesis. We discuss the circular interdependence of the evolution of the SL pathway, and comment on whether current Darwinian evolutionary models are able to provide genuine mechanistic insight into how the pathway came into being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Biran
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tania C B Santos
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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3
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Romano PS, Akematsu T, Besteiro S, Bindschedler A, Carruthers VB, Chahine Z, Coppens I, Descoteaux A, Alberto Duque TL, He CY, Heussler V, Le Roch KG, Li FJ, de Menezes JPB, Menna-Barreto RFS, Mottram JC, Schmuckli-Maurer J, Turk B, Tavares Veras PS, Salassa BN, Vanrell MC. Autophagy in protists and their hosts: When, how and why? AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2149211. [PMID: 37064813 PMCID: PMC10104450 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2149211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic protists are a group of organisms responsible for causing a variety of human diseases including malaria, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis, among others. These diseases, which affect more than one billion people globally, mainly the poorest populations, are characterized by severe chronic stages and the lack of effective antiparasitic treatment. Parasitic protists display complex life-cycles and go through different cellular transformations in order to adapt to the different hosts they live in. Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular degradation process, has emerged as a key mechanism required for these differentiation processes, as well as other functions that are crucial to parasite fitness. In contrast to yeasts and mammals, protist autophagy is characterized by a modest number of conserved autophagy-related proteins (ATGs) that, even though, can drive the autophagosome formation and degradation. In addition, during their intracellular cycle, the interaction of these pathogens with the host autophagy system plays a crucial role resulting in a beneficial or harmful effect that is important for the outcome of the infection. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on autophagy and other related mechanisms in pathogenic protists and their hosts. We sought to emphasize when, how, and why this process takes place, and the effects it may have on the parasitic cycle. A better understanding of the significance of autophagy for the protist life-cycle will potentially be helpful to design novel anti-parasitic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Silvia Romano
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y de la célula hospedadora. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. (IHEM-CONICET-UNCUYO). Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Av. Libertador 80 (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Takahiko Akematsu
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zeinab Chahine
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Coppens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology. Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute. Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore 21205, MD, USA
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, QC
| | - Thabata Lopes Alberto Duque
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cynthia Y He
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Volker Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology.University of Bern. Baltzerstr. 4 3012 Bern
| | - Karine G Le Roch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Feng-Jun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jeremy C Mottram
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Patricia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction and Epidemiology, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Fiocruz-Bahia
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases - National Council for Scientific Research and Development (CNPq)
| | - Betiana Nebai Salassa
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y de la célula hospedadora. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. (IHEM-CONICET-UNCUYO). Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Av. Libertador 80 (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Cristina Vanrell
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y de la célula hospedadora. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. (IHEM-CONICET-UNCUYO). Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Av. Libertador 80 (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
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4
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Ayala I, Colanzi A. Structural Organization and Function of the Golgi Ribbon During Cell Division. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925228. [PMID: 35813197 PMCID: PMC9263219 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex has a central role in the secretory traffic. In vertebrate cells it is generally organized in polarized stacks of cisternae that are laterally connected by membranous tubules, forming a structure known as Golgi ribbon. The steady state ribbon arrangement results from a dynamic equilibrium between formation and cleavage of the membrane tubules connecting the stacks. This balance is of great physiological relevance as the unlinking of the ribbon during G2 is required for mitotic entry. A block of this process induces a potent G2 arrest of the cell cycle, indicating that a mitotic “Golgi checkpoint” controls the correct pre-mitotic segregation of the Golgi ribbon. Then, after mitosis onset, the Golgi stacks undergo an extensive disassembly, which is necessary for proper spindle formation. Notably, several Golgi-associated proteins acquire new roles in spindle formation and mitotic progression during mitosis. Here we summarize the current knowledge about the basic principle of the Golgi architecture and its functional relationship with cell division to highlight crucial aspects that need to be addressed to help us understand the physiological significance of the ribbon and the pathological implications of alterations of this organization.
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5
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Iglesia RP, Prado MB, Alves RN, Escobar MIM, Fernandes CFDL, Fortes ACDS, Souza MCDS, Boccacino JM, Cangiano G, Soares SR, de Araújo JPA, Tiek DM, Goenka A, Song X, Keady JR, Hu B, Cheng SY, Lopes MH. Unconventional Protein Secretion in Brain Tumors Biology: Enlightening the Mechanisms for Tumor Survival and Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:907423. [PMID: 35784465 PMCID: PMC9242006 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.907423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical secretion pathways, collectively known as unconventional protein secretion (UPS), are alternative secretory mechanisms usually associated with stress-inducing conditions. UPS allows proteins that lack a signal peptide to be secreted, avoiding the conventional endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex secretory pathway. Molecules that generally rely on the canonical pathway to be secreted may also use the Golgi bypass, one of the unconventional routes, to reach the extracellular space. UPS studies have been increasingly growing in the literature, including its implication in the biology of several diseases. Intercellular communication between brain tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment is orchestrated by various molecules, including canonical and non-canonical secreted proteins that modulate tumor growth, proliferation, and invasion. Adult brain tumors such as gliomas, which are aggressive and fatal cancers with a dismal prognosis, could exploit UPS mechanisms to communicate with their microenvironment. Herein, we provide functional insights into the UPS machinery in the context of tumor biology, with a particular focus on the secreted proteins by alternative routes as key regulators in the maintenance of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mariana Brandão Prado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Nunes Alves
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Melo Escobar
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Felix de Lima Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ailine Cibele dos Santos Fortes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara da Silva Souza
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Marcia Boccacino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Cangiano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel Ribeiro Soares
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Alves de Araújo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anshika Goenka
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiao Song
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jack Ryan Keady
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bo Hu
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shi Yuan Cheng
- The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem Cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Marilene Hohmuth Lopes,
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6
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Mascanzoni F, Iannitti R, Colanzi A. Functional Coordination among the Golgi Complex, the Centrosome and the Microtubule Cytoskeleton during the Cell Cycle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030354. [PMID: 35159164 PMCID: PMC8834581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi complex of mammalian cells is organized in a ribbon-like structure often closely associated with the centrosome during interphase. Conversely, the Golgi complex assumes a fragmented and dispersed configuration away from the centrosome during mitosis. The structure of the Golgi complex and the relative position to the centrosome are dynamically regulated by microtubules. Many pieces of evidence reveal that this microtubule-mediated dynamic association between the Golgi complex and centrosome is of functional significance in cell polarization and division. Here, we summarize findings indicating how the Golgi complex and the centrosome cooperate in organizing the microtubule network for the directional protein transport and centrosome positioning required for cell polarization and regulating fundamental cell division processes.
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7
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Resurrecting Golgi proteins to grasp Golgi ribbon formation and self-association under stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:264-275. [PMID: 34861272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is an essential organelle of the eukaryotic exocytic pathway. A subfamily of Golgi matrix proteins, called GRASPs, is central in stress-induced unconventional secretion, Golgi dynamics during mitosis/apoptosis, and Golgi ribbon formation. The Golgi ribbon is vertebrate-specific and correlates with the appearance of two GRASP paralogues and two Golgins (GM130/Golgin45), which form specific GRASP-Golgin pairs. The molecular details of their appearance only in Metazoans are unknown. Moreover, despite new functionalities supported by GRASP paralogy, little is known about their structural and evolutionary differences. Here, we used ancestor sequence reconstruction and biophysical/biochemical approaches to assess the evolution of GRASPs structure/dynamics, fibrillation, and how they started anchoring their Golgin partners. Our data showed that a GRASP ancestor anchored Golgins before gorasp gene duplication in Metazoans. After gene duplication, variations within the GRASP binding pocket determined which paralogue would recruit which Golgin. These interactions are responsible for their specific Golgi location and Golgi ribbon appearance. We also suggest that GRASPs have a long-standing capacity to form supramolecular structures, affecting their participation in stress-induced processes.
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8
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Pothukuchi P, Agliarulo I, Pirozzi M, Rizzo R, Russo D, Turacchio G, Nüchel J, Yang JS, Gehin C, Capolupo L, Hernandez-Corbacho MJ, Biswas A, Vanacore G, Dathan N, Nitta T, Henklein P, Thattai M, Inokuchi JI, Hsu VW, Plomann M, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Luini A, D'Angelo G, Parashuraman S. GRASP55 regulates intra-Golgi localization of glycosylation enzymes to control glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107766. [PMID: 34516001 PMCID: PMC8521277 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus, the main glycosylation station of the cell, consists of a stack of discontinuous cisternae. Glycosylation enzymes are usually concentrated in one or two specific cisternae along the cis‐trans axis of the organelle. How such compartmentalized localization of enzymes is achieved and how it contributes to glycosylation are not clear. Here, we show that the Golgi matrix protein GRASP55 directs the compartmentalized localization of key enzymes involved in glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis. GRASP55 binds to these enzymes and prevents their entry into COPI‐based retrograde transport vesicles, thus concentrating them in the trans‐Golgi. In genome‐edited cells lacking GRASP55, or in cells expressing mutant enzymes without GRASP55 binding sites, these enzymes relocate to the cis‐Golgi, which affects glycosphingolipid biosynthesis by changing flux across metabolic branch points. These findings reveal a mechanism by which a matrix protein regulates polarized localization of glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi and controls competition in glycan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyush Pothukuchi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Agliarulo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Julian Nüchel
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Shu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Gehin
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Capolupo
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ansuman Biswas
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Giovanna Vanacore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Nina Dathan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Takahiro Nitta
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Petra Henklein
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institut für Biochemie Charité CrossOver Charitéplatz 1 / Sitz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mukund Thattai
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Victor W Hsu
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Plomann
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Si J, Pei Y, Ji P, Zhang X, Xu R, Qiao H, Shen D, Peng H, Dou D. PsGRASP, a Golgi Reassembly Stacking Protein in Phytophthora sojae, Is Required for Mycelial Growth, Stress Responses, and Plant Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:702632. [PMID: 34305870 PMCID: PMC8297711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.702632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi reassembly stacking proteins (GRASPs) play important roles in Golgi structure formation, ER stress response, and unconventional secretion in eukaryotic cells. However, GRASP functions in oomycetes haven’t been adequately characterized. Here, we report the identification and functional analysis of PsGRASP, a GRASP-encoding gene from the soybean-infecting oomycete Phytophthora sojae. Transcriptional profiling showed that PsGRASP expression is up-regulated at the infection stages. PsGRASP knockout mutants were created using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These mutants exhibited impaired vegetative growth, zoospore release and virulence. PsGRASP was involved ER stress responses and altered laccase activity. Our work suggests that PsGRASP is crucial for P. sojae development and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyun Ji
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruofei Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huijun Qiao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Grond R, Veenendaal T, Duran JM, Raote I, van Es JH, Corstjens S, Delfgou L, El Haddouti B, Malhotra V, Rabouille C. The function of GORASPs in Golgi apparatus organization in vivo. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151880. [PMID: 32573693 PMCID: PMC7480117 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro experiments have shown that GRASP65 (GORASP1) and GRASP55 (GORASP2) proteins function in stacking Golgi cisternae. However, in vivo depletion of GORASPs in metazoans has given equivocal results. We have generated a mouse lacking both GORASPs and find that Golgi cisternae remained stacked. However, the stacks are disconnected laterally from each other, and the cisternal cross-sectional diameters are significantly reduced compared with their normal counterparts. These data support earlier findings on the role of GORASPs in linking stacks, and we suggest that unlinking of stacks likely affects dynamic control of COPI budding and vesicle fusion at the rims. The net result is that cisternal cores remain stacked, but cisternal diameter is reduced by rim consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Grond
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Duran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ishier Raote
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Corstjens
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura Delfgou
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Benaissa El Haddouti
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Utrecht Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Biological Science of Cell and Systems, Utrecht Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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11
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Liu J, Huang Y, Li T, Jiang Z, Zeng L, Hu Z. The role of the Golgi apparatus in disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:38. [PMID: 33537825 PMCID: PMC7891830 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is known to underpin many important cellular homeostatic functions, including trafficking, sorting and modifications of proteins or lipids. These functions are dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases, and the number of disease-related genes associated with Golgi apparatus is on the increase. Recently, many studies have suggested that the mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins can trigger the occurrence of diseases. By summarizing the pathogenesis of these genetic diseases, it was found that most of these diseases have defects in membrane trafficking. Such defects typically result in mislocalization of proteins, impaired glycosylation of proteins, and the accumulation of undegraded proteins. In the present review, we aim to understand the patterns of mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins and decipher the interplay between Golgi resident proteins and membrane trafficking pathway in cells. Furthermore, the detection of Golgi resident protein in human serum samples has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool for diseases, and its central role in membrane trafficking pathways provides possible targets for disease therapy. Thus, we also introduced the clinical value of Golgi apparatus in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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12
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The exquisite structural biophysics of the Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3632-3644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Reddy ST, Uversky VN, Costa-Filho AJ. Biophysical characterization of intrinsically disordered human Golgi matrix protein GRASP65. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1982-1993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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14
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The Golgi ribbon: mechanisms of maintenance and disassembly during the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:245-256. [PMID: 32010930 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex (GC) has an essential role in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. The GC of mammalian cells is composed of stacks of cisternae connected by membranous tubules to create a continuous network, the Golgi ribbon, whose maintenance requires several core and accessory proteins. Despite this complex structural organization, the Golgi apparatus is highly dynamic, and this property becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the ribbon undergoes a multistep disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by the daughter cells. Importantly, alterations of the Golgi structure are associated with a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the core mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in both the maintenance and disassembly of the Golgi ribbon, and we also report on the signaling pathways that connect the disassembly of the Golgi ribbon to mitotic entry and progression.
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15
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Mendes LFS, Batista MRB, Judge PJ, Watts A, Redfield C, Costa-Filho AJ. Conformational flexibility of GRASPs and their constituent PDZ subdomains reveals structural basis of their promiscuous interactome. FEBS J 2020; 287:3255-3272. [PMID: 31920006 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a central component of the secretory pathway, responsible for several critical cellular functions in eukaryotes. The complex is organized by the Golgi matrix that includes the Golgi reassembly and stacking protein (GRASP), which was shown to be involved in cisternae stacking and lateral linkage in metazoan. GRASPs also have critical roles in other processes, with an unusual ability to interact with several different binding partners. The conserved N terminus of the GRASP family includes two PSD-95, DLG, and ZO-1 (PDZ) domains. Previous crystallographic studies of orthologues suggest that PDZ1 and PDZ2 have similar conformations and secondary structure content. However, PDZ1 alone mediates nearly all interactions between GRASPs and their partners. In this work, NMR, synchrotron radiation CD, and molecular dynamics (MD) were used to examine the structure, flexibility, and stability of the two constituent PDZ domains. GRASP PDZs are structured in an unusual β3 α1 β4 β5 α2 β6 β1 β2 secondary structural arrangement and NMR data indicate that the PDZ1 binding pocket is formed by a stable β2 -strand and a more flexible and unstable α2 -helix, suggesting an explanation for the higher PDZ1 promiscuity. The conformational free energy profiles of the two PDZ domains were calculated using MD simulations. The data suggest that, after binding, the protein partner significantly reduces the conformational space that GRASPs can access by stabilizing one particular conformation, in a partner-dependent fashion. The structural flexibility of PDZ1, modulated by PDZ2, and the coupled, coordinated movement between the two PDZs enable GRASPs to interact with multiple partners, allowing them to function as promiscuous, multitasking proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe S Mendes
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, Physics Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mariana R B Batista
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, Physics Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Peter J Judge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Watts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, Physics Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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16
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Reddy ST, Uversky VN, Costa-Filho AJ. Nucleation-dependent amyloid fibrillation of human GRASP55 in aqueous solution. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:133-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Wang F, Chen X, Yuan D, Yi Y, Luo Y. Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 65 downregulation is required for the anti-cancer effect of dihydromyricetin on human ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225450. [PMID: 31770410 PMCID: PMC6879129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 65 (GRASP65), which has been involved in cancer progression, is associated with tumor growth and cell apoptosis. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has demonstrated antitumor activity in different types of human cancers. However, the pharmacological effects of DHM on ovarian cancer (OC) and the molecular mechanisms that underlie these effects are largely unknown. The present study showed that DHM reduced cell migration and invasion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced cell apoptosis primarily through upregulation of Cleaved-caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in OCs. To further clarify the cancer therapeutic target, we assessed the effect of DHM on the expression of GRASP65, which is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer tissues. DHM activated caspase-3 and decreased GRASP65 expression to promote cell apoptosis, implying that downregulation of GRASP65 was related to DHM-induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, the knockdown of GRASP65 by siRNA resulted in increased apoptosis after DHM treatment, while western blot and flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that overexpression of GRASP65 attenuated DHM-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the JNK/ERK pathway may be involved in DHM-mediated caspase-3 activation and GRASP65 downregulation. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence of the anti-cancer properties of DHM in OCs, indicating that DHM is a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer through the inhibition of GRASP65 expression and the regulation of JNK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Xianbing Chen
- Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Depei Yuan
- Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yongfen Yi
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ayala I, Crispino R, Colanzi A. GRASP65 controls Golgi position and structure during G2/M transition by regulating the stability of microtubules. Traffic 2019; 20:785-802. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC)National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy
| | - Roberta Crispino
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) Pozzuoli Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC)National Research Council (CNR) Naples Italy
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19
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Ji G, Song X, Wang L, Li Z, Wu H, Dong H. Golgi apparatus fragmentation participates in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced endothelial cell injury. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18862-18870. [PMID: 31264250 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Ji
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Wu
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
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20
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Mendes LFS, Fontana NA, Oliveira CG, Freire MCLC, Lopes JLS, Melo FA, Costa‐Filho AJ. The
GRASP
domain in golgi reassembly and stacking proteins: differences and similarities between lower and higher Eukaryotes. FEBS J 2019; 286:3340-3358. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís F. S. Mendes
- Departamento de Física Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Natália A. Fontana
- Departamento de Física Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Carolina G. Oliveira
- Departamento de Física Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | | | - José L. S. Lopes
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Instituto de Física Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Melo
- Departamento de Física Centro Multiusuário de Inovação Biomolecular IBILCE Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita São Paulo Brazil
| | - Antonio J. Costa‐Filho
- Departamento de Física Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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21
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Wang J, Ji X, Liu J, Zhang X. Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase STK16. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071760. [PMID: 30974739 PMCID: PMC6480182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STK16 (Ser/Thr kinase 16, also known as Krct/PKL12/MPSK1/TSF-1) is a myristoylated and palmitoylated Ser/Thr protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and conserved among all eukaryotes. STK16 is distantly related to the other kinases and belongs to the NAK kinase family that has an atypical activation loop architecture. As a membrane-associated protein that is primarily localized to the Golgi, STK16 has been shown to participate in the TGF-β signaling pathway, TGN protein secretion and sorting, as well as cell cycle and Golgi assembly regulation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the progress made in recent research about STK16, ranging from its distribution, molecular characterization, post-translational modification (fatty acylation and phosphorylation), interactors (GlcNAcK/DRG1/MAL2/Actin/WDR1), and related functions. As a relatively underexplored kinase, more studies are encouraged to unravel its regulation mechanisms and cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xinmiao Ji
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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22
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Muley VY, Akhter Y, Galande S. PDZ Domains Across the Microbial World: Molecular Link to the Proteases, Stress Response, and Protein Synthesis. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:644-659. [PMID: 30698789 PMCID: PMC6411480 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The PSD-95/Dlg-A/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain is highly expanded, diversified, and well distributed across metazoa where it assembles diverse signaling components by virtue of interactions with other proteins in a sequence-specific manner. In contrast, in the microbial world they are reported to be involved in protein quality control during stress response. The distribution, functions, and origins of PDZ domain-containing proteins in the prokaryotic organisms remain largely unexplored. We analyzed 7,852 PDZ domain-containing proteins in 1,474 microbial genomes in this context. PDZ domain-containing proteins from planctomycetes, myxobacteria, and other eubacteria occupying terrestrial and aquatic niches are found to be in multiple copies within their genomes. Over 93% of the 7,852 PDZ domain-containing proteins were classified into 12 families including six novel families based on additional structural and functional domains present in these proteins. The higher PDZ domain encoding capacity of the investigated organisms was observed to be associated with adaptation to the ecological niche where multicellular life might have originated and flourished. Predicted subcellular localization of PDZ domain-containing proteins and their genomic context argue in favor of crucial roles in translation and membrane remodeling during stress response. Based on rigorous sequence, structure, and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that the highly diverse PDZ domain of the uncharacterized Fe-S oxidoreductase superfamily, exclusively found in gladobacteria and several anaerobes and acetogens, might represent the most ancient form among all the existing PDZ domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar Yogesh Muley
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Galande
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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23
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central intracellular membrane-bound organelle with key functions in trafficking, processing, and sorting of newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins and lipids. To best perform these functions, Golgi membranes form a unique stacked structure. The Golgi structure is dynamic but tightly regulated; it undergoes rapid disassembly and reassembly during the cell cycle of mammalian cells and is disrupted under certain stress and pathological conditions. In the past decade, significant amount of effort has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Golgi membrane architecture and function. Here we review the major discoveries in the mechanisms of Golgi structure formation, regulation, and alteration in relation to its functions in physiological and pathological conditions to further our understanding of Golgi structure and function in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erpan Ahat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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24
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Li J, Tang D, Ireland SC, Wang Y. DjA1 maintains Golgi integrity via interaction with GRASP65. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:478-490. [PMID: 30566031 PMCID: PMC6594443 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the Golgi reassembly stacking protein of 65 kDa (GRASP65) has been implicated in both Golgi stacking and ribbon linking by forming trans-oligomers. To better understand its function and regulation, we used biochemical methods to identify the DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 1 (DjA1) as a novel GRASP65-binding protein. In cells, depletion of DjA1 resulted in Golgi fragmentation, short and improperly aligned cisternae, and delayed Golgi reassembly after nocodazole washout. In vitro, immunodepletion of DjA1 from interphase cytosol reduced its activity to enhance GRASP65 oligomerization and Golgi membrane fusion, while adding purified DjA1 enhanced GRASP65 oligomerization. DjA1 is a cochaperone of Heat shock cognate 71-kDa protein (Hsc70), but the activity of DjA1 in Golgi structure formation is independent of its cochaperone activity or Hsc70, rather, through DjA1-GRASP65 interaction to promote GRASP65 oligomerization. Thus, DjA1 interacts with GRASP65 to enhance Golgi structure formation through the promotion of GRASP65 trans-oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
| | - Danming Tang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
| | - Stephen C Ireland
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085
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25
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The yeast GRASP Grh1 displays a high polypeptide backbone mobility along with an amyloidogenic behavior. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15690. [PMID: 30356074 PMCID: PMC6200761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GRASPs are proteins involved in cell processes that seem paradoxical: responsible for shaping the Golgi cisternae and involved in unconventional secretion mechanisms that bypass the Golgi. Despite its physiological relevance, there is still a considerable lack of studies on full-length GRASPs. Our group has previously reported an unexpected behavior of the full-length GRASP from the fungus C. neoformans: its intrinsically-disordered characteristic. Here, we generalize this finding by showing that it is also observed in the GRASP from S. cerevisae (Grh1), which strongly suggests it might be a general property within the GRASP family. Furthermore, Grh1 is also able to form amyloid-like fibrils either upon heating or when submitted to changes in the dielectric constant of its surroundings, a condition that is experienced by the protein when in close contact with membranes of cell compartments, such as the Golgi apparatus. Intrinsic disorder and fibril formation can thus be two structural properties exploited by GRASP during its functional cycle.
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26
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Pérez-Hernández M, Matamoros M, Alfayate S, Nieto-Marín P, Utrilla RG, Tinaquero D, de Andrés R, Crespo T, Ponce-Balbuena D, Willis BC, Jiménez-Vazquez EN, Guerrero-Serna G, da Rocha AM, Campbell K, Herron TJ, Díez-Guerra FJ, Tamargo J, Jalife J, Caballero R, Delpón E. Brugada syndrome trafficking-defective Nav1.5 channels can trap cardiac Kir2.1/2.2 channels. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96291. [PMID: 30232268 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Nav1.5 and Kir2.1-2.3 channels generate Na (INa) and inward rectifier K (IK1) currents, respectively. The functional INa and IK1 interplay is reinforced by the positive and reciprocal modulation between Nav15 and Kir2.1/2.2 channels to strengthen the control of ventricular excitability. Loss-of-function mutations in the SCN5A gene, which encodes Nav1.5 channels, underlie several inherited arrhythmogenic syndromes, including Brugada syndrome (BrS). We investigated whether the presence of BrS-associated mutations alters IK1 density concomitantly with INa density. Results obtained using mouse models of SCN5A haploinsufficiency, and the overexpression of native and mutated Nav1.5 channels in expression systems - rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) - demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trafficking-defective Nav1.5 channels significantly decreased IK1, since they did not positively modulate Kir2.1/2.2 channels. Moreover, Golgi trafficking-defective Nav1.5 mutants produced a dominant negative effect on Kir2.1/2.2 and thus an additional IK1 reduction. Moreover, ER trafficking-defective Nav1.5 channels can be partially rescued by Kir2.1/2.2 channels through an unconventional secretory route that involves Golgi reassembly stacking proteins (GRASPs). Therefore, cardiac excitability would be greatly affected in subjects harboring Nav1.5 mutations with Golgi trafficking defects, since these mutants can concomitantly trap Kir2.1/2.2 channels, thus unexpectedly decreasing IK1 in addition to INa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Matamoros
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Alfayate
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Nieto-Marín
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel G Utrilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Tinaquero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel de Andrés
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Crespo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Ponce-Balbuena
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - B Cicero Willis
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric N Jiménez-Vazquez
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guadalupe Guerrero-Serna
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andre M da Rocha
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine Campbell
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - F Javier Díez-Guerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Jalife
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, and CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Singh V, Erady C, Balasubramanian N. Cell-matrix adhesion controls Golgi organization and function through Arf1 activation in anchorage-dependent cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.215855. [PMID: 30054383 PMCID: PMC6127727 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion regulates membrane trafficking controlling anchorage-dependent signaling. While a dynamic Golgi complex can contribute to this pathway, its regulation by adhesion remains unclear. Here we report that loss of adhesion dramatically disorganized the Golgi in mouse and human fibroblast cells. Golgi integrity is restored rapidly upon integrin-mediated re-adhesion to FN and is disrupted by integrin blocking antibody. In suspended cells, the cis, cis-medial and trans-Golgi networks differentially disorganize along the microtubule network but show no overlap with the ER, making this disorganization distinct from known Golgi fragmentation. This pathway is regulated by an adhesion-dependent reduction and recovery of Arf1 activation. Constitutively active Arf1 disrupts this regulation and prevents Golgi disorganization due to loss of adhesion. Adhesion-dependent Arf1 activation regulates its binding to the microtubule minus-end motor protein dynein to control Golgi reorganization, which is blocked by ciliobrevin. Adhesion-dependent Golgi organization controls its function, regulating cell surface glycosylation due to loss of adhesion, which is blocked by constitutively active Arf1. This study, hence, identified integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion to be a novel regulator of Arf1 activation, controlling Golgi organization and function in anchorage-dependent cells.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Integrin-dependent cell-matrix adhesion activates Arf1, which then recruits dynein to regulate Golgi organization and function along the microtubule network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Chaitanya Erady
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Nagaraj Balasubramanian
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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28
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Hareza A, Bakun M, Świderska B, Dudkiewicz M, Koscielny A, Bajur A, Jaworski J, Dadlez M, Pawłowski K. Phosphoproteomic insights into processes influenced by the kinase-like protein DIA1/C3orf58. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4599. [PMID: 29666759 PMCID: PMC5896498 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many kinases are still ‘orphans,’ which means knowledge about their substrates, and often also about the processes they regulate, is lacking. Here, DIA1/C3orf58, a member of a novel predicted kinase-like family, is shown to be present in the endoplasmic reticulum and to influence trafficking via the secretory pathway. Subsequently, DIA1 is subjected to phosphoproteomics analysis to cast light on its signalling pathways. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry proteomic approach with phosphopeptide enrichment is applied to membrane fractions of DIA1-overexpressing and control HEK293T cells, and phosphosites dependent on the presence of DIA1 are elucidated. Most of these phosphosites belonged to CK2- and proline-directed kinase types. In parallel, the proteomics of proteins immunoprecipitated with DIA1 reported its probable interactors. This pilot study provides the basis for deeper studies of DIA1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Hareza
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.,International Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magda Bakun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bianka Świderska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dudkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Alicja Koscielny
- International Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Bajur
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.,International Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Warszawa, Poland.,Current affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacek Jaworski
- International Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.,Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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29
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Mendes LFS, Basso LGM, Kumagai PS, Fonseca-Maldonado R, Costa-Filho AJ. Disorder-to-order transitions in the molten globule-like Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:855-865. [PMID: 29339081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Proteins (GRASPs) are widely spread among eukaryotic cells (except plants) and are considered as key components in both the stacking of the Golgi cisternae and its lateral connection. Furthermore, GRASPs were also proved essential in the unconventional secretion pathway of several proteins, even though the mechanism remains obscure. It was previously observed that the GRASP homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans has a molten globule-like behavior in solution. METHODS We used circular dichroism, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and steady-state as well as time-resolved fluorescence. RESULTS We report the disorder-to-order transition propensities for a native molten globule-like protein in the presence of different mimetics of cell conditions. Changes in the dielectric constant (such as those experienced close to the membrane surface) seem to be the major factor in inducing multiple disorder-to-order transitions in GRASP, which shows very distinct behavior when in conditions that mimic the vicinity of the membrane surface as compared to those found when free in solution. Other folding factors such as molecular crowding, counter ions, pH and phosphorylation exhibit lower or no effect on GRASP secondary structure and/or stability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on understanding the disorder-to-order transitions of a molten globule structure without the need of any mild denaturing condition. A model is also introduced aiming at describing how the cell could manipulate the GRASP sensitivity to changes in the dielectric constant during different cell-cycle periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F S Mendes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis G M Basso
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Kumagai
- Grupo de Biofísica Molecular "Sérgio Mascarenhas", Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Fonseca-Maldonado
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Campus Jacareí, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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30
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Shitara A, Shibui T, Okayama M, Arakawa T, Mizoguchi I, Sakakura Y, Takuma T. VAMP4 and its cognate SNAREs are required for maintaining the ribbon structure of the Golgi apparatus. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Ayala I, Colanzi A. Mitotic inheritance of the Golgi complex and its role in cell division. Biol Cell 2017; 109:364-374. [PMID: 28799169 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids, but it can also act as a signalling hub and a microtubule-nucleation centre. The Golgi complex (GC) of mammalian cells is composed of stacks connected by tubular bridges to form a continuous membranous system. In spite of this structural complexity, the GC is highly dynamic, and this feature becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the GC undergoes a multi-step disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by daughter cells. Strikingly, different steps of Golgi disassembly control mitotic entry and progression, indicating that cells actively monitor Golgi integrity during cell division. Here, we summarise the basic mechanisms and the molecular players that are involved in Golgi disassembly, focussing in particular on recent studies that have revealed the fundamental signalling pathways that connect Golgi inheritance to mitotic entry and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, 80131, Italy
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32
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Rabouille C. Pathways of Unconventional Protein Secretion. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:230-240. [PMID: 27989656 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Secretory proteins are conventionally transported through the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and then to the plasma membrane where they are released into the extracellular space. However, numerous substrates also reach these destinations using unconventional pathways. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is complex and comprises cargos without a signal peptide or a transmembrane domain that can translocate across the plasma membrane, and cargos that reach the plasma membrane by bypassing the Golgi despite entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). With a few exceptions, unconventional secretion is largely triggered by stress. Here I review new results and concepts that are beginning to define these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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33
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Ayala I, Colanzi A. Alterations of Golgi organization in Alzheimer's disease: A cause or a consequence? Tissue Cell 2016; 49:133-140. [PMID: 27894594 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central organelle of the secretory pathway involved in the post-translational modification and sorting of lipids and proteins. In mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is composed of stacks of cisternae organized in polarized manner, which are interconnected by membrane tubules to constitute the Golgi ribbon, located in the proximity of the centrosome. Besides the processing and transport of cargo, the Golgi complex is actively involved in the regulation of mitotic entry, cytoskeleton organization and dynamics, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis, representing a signalling platform for the control of several cellular functions, including signalling initiated by receptors located at the plasma membrane. Alterations of the conventional Golgi organization are associated to many disorders, such as cancer or different neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we examine the functional implications of modifications of Golgi structure in neurodegenerative disorders, with a focus on the role of Golgi fragmentation in the development of Alzheimer's disease. The comprehension of the mechanism that induces Golgi fragmentation and of its downstream effects on neuronal function have the potential to contribute to the development of more effective therapies to treat or prevent some of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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34
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Phosphorylation of Golgi Peripheral Membrane Protein Grasp65 Is an Integral Step in the Formation of the Human Cytomegalovirus Cytoplasmic Assembly Compartment. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.01554-16. [PMID: 27703074 PMCID: PMC5050342 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01554-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the largest member of the Herpesviridae and represents a significant cause of disease. During virus replication, HCMV alters cellular functions to facilitate its replication, including significant reorganization of the secretory and endocytic pathways of the infected cell. A defining morphologic change of the infected cell is the formation of a membranous structure in the cytoplasm that is designated the virion assembly compartment (AC), which consists of virion structural proteins surrounded by cellular membranes. The loss of normal Golgi compartment morphology and its relocalization from a juxtanuclear ribbonlike structure to a series of concentric rings on the periphery of the AC represents a readily recognized reorganization of cellular membranes in the HCMV-infected cell. Although trafficking of viral proteins to this compartment is required for the assembly of infectious virions, the functional significance of the reorganization of intracellular membranes like the Golgi membranes into the AC in the assembly of infectious virus remains understudied. In this study, we determined that Golgi membrane ribbon fragmentation increased during the early cytoplasmic phase of virion assembly and that Golgi membrane fragmentation in infected cells was dependent on the phosphorylation of an integral cis-Golgi protein, Grasp65. Inhibition of Golgi membrane fragmentation and of its reorganization into the AC resulted in decreased production of infectious particles and alteration of the incorporation of an essential protein into the envelope of the mature virion. These results demonstrated the complexity of the virus-host cell interactions required for efficient assembly of this large DNA virus. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced reorganization of intracellular membranes that is required for the formation of the viral assembly compartment (AC) has been an area of study over the last 20 years. The significance of this virus-induced structure has been evinced by the results of several studies which showed that relocalization of viral proteins to the AC was required for efficient assembly of infectious virus. In this study, we have identified a mechanism for the fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon in the infected cell en route to AC morphogenesis. Identification of this fundamental process during HCMV replication allowed us to propose that the functional role of Golgi membrane reorganization during HCMV infection was the concentration of viral structural proteins and subviral structures into a single intracellular compartment in order to facilitate efficient protein-protein interactions and the virion protein trafficking required for the assembly of this large and structurally complex virus.
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35
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Zhang X, Wang Y. Glycosylation Quality Control by the Golgi Structure. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3183-3193. [PMID: 26956395 PMCID: PMC4983240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous modification that occurs on proteins and lipids in all living cells. Consistent with their high complexity, glycans play crucial biological roles in protein quality control and recognition events. Asparagine-linked protein N-glycosylation, the most complex glycosylation, initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum and matures in the Golgi apparatus. This process not only requires an accurate distribution of processing machineries, such as glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, and nucleotide sugar transporters, but also needs an efficient and well-organized factory that is responsible for the fidelity and quality control of sugar chain processing. In addition, accurate glycosylation must occur in coordination with protein trafficking and sorting. These activities are carried out by the Golgi apparatus, a membrane organelle in the center of the secretory pathway. To accomplish these tasks, the Golgi has developed into a unique stacked structure of closely aligned, flattened cisternae in which Golgi enzymes reside; in mammalian cells, dozens of Golgi stacks are often laterally linked into a ribbon-like structure. Here, we review our current knowledge of how the Golgi structure is formed and why its formation is required for accurate glycosylation, with the focus on how the Golgi stacking factors GRASP55 and GRASP65 generate the Golgi structure and how the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex maintains Golgi enzymes in different Golgi subcompartments by retrograde protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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36
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Mendes LFS, Garcia AF, Kumagai PS, de Morais FR, Melo FA, Kmetzsch L, Vainstein MH, Rodrigues ML, Costa-Filho AJ. New structural insights into Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (GRASP) in solution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29976. [PMID: 27436376 PMCID: PMC4951691 DOI: 10.1038/srep29976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all proteins localized in the Golgi apparatus, a two-PDZ (PSD95/DlgA/Zo-1) domain protein plays an important role in the assembly of the cisternae. This Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Protein (GRASP) has puzzled researchers due to its large array of functions and relevance in Golgi functionality. We report here a biochemical and biophysical study of the GRASP55/65 homologue in Cryptococcus neoformans (CnGRASP). Bioinformatic analysis, static fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, calorimetry, small angle X-ray scattering, solution nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography and proteolysis assays were used to unravel structural features of the full-length CnGRASP. We detected the coexistence of regular secondary structures and large amounts of disordered regions. The overall structure is less compact than a regular globular protein and the high structural flexibility makes its hydrophobic core more accessible to solvent. Our results indicate an unusual behavior of CnGRASP in solution, closely resembling a class of intrinsically disordered proteins called molten globule proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first structural characterization of a full-length GRASP and observation of a molten globule-like behavior in the GRASP family. The possible implications of this and how it could explain the multiple facets of this intriguing class of proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F. S. Mendes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Assuero F. Garcia
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia S. Kumagai
- Departamento de Física e Informática, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio R. de Morais
- Departamento de Física, Centro Multiusuário de Inovação Biomolecular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando A. Melo
- Departamento de Física, Centro Multiusuário de Inovação Biomolecular, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio Mesquita, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Livia Kmetzsch
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marilene H. Vainstein
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio J. Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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37
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Overexpression of Plasmodium berghei ATG8 by Liver Forms Leads to Cumulative Defects in Organelle Dynamics and to Generation of Noninfectious Merozoites. mBio 2016; 7:mBio.00682-16. [PMID: 27353755 PMCID: PMC4937212 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00682-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plasmodium parasites undergo continuous cellular renovation to adapt to various environments in the vertebrate host and insect vector. In hepatocytes, Plasmodium berghei discards unneeded organelles for replication, such as micronemes involved in invasion. Concomitantly, intrahepatic parasites expand organelles such as the apicoplast that produce essential metabolites. We previously showed that the ATG8 conjugation system is upregulated in P. berghei liver forms and that P. berghei ATG8 (PbATG8) localizes to the membranes of the apicoplast and cytoplasmic vesicles. Here, we focus on the contribution of PbATG8 to the organellar changes that occur in intrahepatic parasites. We illustrated that micronemes colocalize with PbATG8-containing structures before expulsion from the parasite. Interference with PbATG8 function by overexpression results in poor development into late liver stages and production of small merosomes that contain immature merozoites unable to initiate a blood infection. At the cellular level, PbATG8-overexpressing P. berghei exhibits a delay in microneme compartmentalization into PbATG8-containing autophagosomes and elimination compared to parasites from the parental strain. The apicoplast, identifiable by immunostaining of the acyl carrier protein (ACP), undergoes an abnormally fast proliferation in mutant parasites. Over time, the ACP staining becomes diffuse in merosomes, indicating a collapse of the apicoplast. PbATG8 is not incorporated into the progeny of mutant parasites, in contrast to parental merozoites in which PbATG8 and ACP localize to the apicoplast. These observations reveal that Plasmodium ATG8 is a key effector in the development of merozoites by controlling microneme clearance and apicoplast proliferation and that dysregulation in ATG8 levels is detrimental for malaria infectivity. IMPORTANCE Malaria is responsible for more mortality than any other parasitic disease. Resistance to antimalarial medicines is a recurring problem; new drugs are urgently needed. A key to the parasite's successful intracellular development in the liver is the metabolic changes necessary to convert the parasite from a sporozoite to a replication-competent, metabolically active trophozoite form. Our study reinforces the burgeoning concept that organellar changes during parasite differentiation are mediated by an autophagy-like process. We have identified ATG8 in Plasmodium liver forms as an important effector that controls the development and fate of organelles, e.g., the clearance of micronemes that are required for hepatocyte invasion and the expansion of the apicoplast that produces many metabolites indispensable for parasite replication. Given the unconventional properties and the importance of ATG8 for parasite development in hepatocytes, targeting the parasite's autophagic pathway may represent a novel approach to control malarial infections.
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Kim J, Noh SH, Piao H, Kim DH, Kim K, Cha JS, Chung WY, Cho HS, Kim JY, Lee MG. Monomerization and ER Relocalization of GRASP Is a Requisite for Unconventional Secretion of CFTR. Traffic 2016; 17:733-53. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 120-752 Korea
| | - Shin Hye Noh
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 120-752 Korea
| | - He Piao
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 120-752 Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 120-752 Korea
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Systems Biology; Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Cha
- Department of Systems Biology; Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Woo Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 120-752 Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology; Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 120-752 Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul 120-752 Korea
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39
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Taverna E, Mora-Bermúdez F, Strzyz PJ, Florio M, Icha J, Haffner C, Norden C, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Huttner WB. Non-canonical features of the Golgi apparatus in bipolar epithelial neural stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21206. [PMID: 26879757 PMCID: PMC4754753 DOI: 10.1038/srep21206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical radial glia (aRG), the stem cells in developing neocortex, are unique bipolar epithelial cells, extending an apical process to the ventricle and a basal process to the basal lamina. Here, we report novel features of the Golgi apparatus, a central organelle for cell polarity, in mouse aRGs. The Golgi was confined to the apical process but not associated with apical centrosome(s). In contrast, in aRG-derived, delaminating basal progenitors that lose apical polarity, the Golgi became pericentrosomal. The aRG Golgi underwent evolutionarily conserved, accordion-like compression and extension concomitant with cell cycle-dependent nuclear migration. Importantly, in line with endoplasmic reticulum but not Golgi being present in the aRG basal process, its plasma membrane contained glycans lacking Golgi processing, consistent with direct ER-to-cell surface membrane traffic. Our study reveals hitherto unknown complexity of neural stem cell polarity, differential Golgi contribution to their specific architecture, and fundamental Golgi re-organization upon cell fate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Taverna
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felipe Mora-Bermúdez
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paulina J Strzyz
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Florio
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Icha
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Haffner
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Caren Norden
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max-Planck Inst. of Mol. Cell Biol. and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstr. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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40
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Abstract
Originally identified as Golgi stacking factors in vitro, the Golgi reassembly stacking protein (GRASP) family has been shown to act as membrane tethers with multiple cellular roles. As an update to previous comprehensive reviews of the GRASP family (Giuliani et al., 2011; Vinke et al., 2011; Jarvela and Linstedt, 2012), we outline here the latest findings concerning their diverse roles. New insights into the mechanics of GRASP-mediated tethering come from recent crystal structures. The models of how GRASP65 and GRASP55 tether membranes relate directly to their role in Golgi ribbon formation in mammalian cells and the unlinking of the ribbon at the onset of mitosis. However, it is also clear that GRASPs act outside the Golgi with roles at the ER and ER exit sites (ERES). Furthermore, the proteins of this family display other roles upon cellular stress, especially in mediating unconventional secretion of both transmembrane proteins (Golgi bypass) and cytoplasmic proteins (through secretory autophagosomes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands; The Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Adam D Linstedt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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41
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Zhang X, Wang Y. GRASPs in Golgi Structure and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:84. [PMID: 26779480 PMCID: PMC4701983 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central intracellular membrane organelle for trafficking and modification of proteins and lipids. Its basic structure is a stack of tightly aligned flat cisternae. In mammalian cells, dozens of stacks are concentrated in the pericentriolar region and laterally connected to form a ribbon. Despite extensive research in the last decades, how this unique structure is formed and why its formation is important for proper Golgi functioning remain largely unknown. The Golgi ReAssembly Stacking Proteins, GRASP65, and GRASP55, are so far the only proteins shown to function in Golgi stacking. They are peripheral membrane proteins on the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi cisternae that form trans-oligomers through their N-terminal GRASP domain, and thereby function as the “glue” to stick adjacent cisternae together into a stack and to link Golgi stacks into a ribbon. Depletion of GRASPs in cells disrupts the Golgi structure and results in accelerated protein trafficking and defective glycosylation. In this minireview we summarize our current knowledge on how GRASPs function in Golgi structure formation and discuss why Golgi structure formation is important for its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of MedicineAnn Arbor, MI, USA
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42
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Valente C, Colanzi A. Mechanisms and Regulation of the Mitotic Inheritance of the Golgi Complex. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:79. [PMID: 26734607 PMCID: PMC4679863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the Golgi complex is structured in the form of a continuous membranous system composed of stacks connected by tubular bridges: the "Golgi ribbon." At the onset of mitosis, the Golgi complex undergoes a multi-step fragmentation process that is required for its correct partition into the dividing cells. Importantly, inhibition of Golgi disassembly results in cell-cycle arrest at the G2 stage, which indicates that accurate inheritance of the Golgi complex is monitored by a "Golgi mitotic checkpoint." Moreover, mitotic Golgi disassembly correlates with the release of a set of Golgi-localized proteins that acquire specific functions during mitosis, such as mitotic spindle formation and regulation of the spindle checkpoint. Most of these events are regulated by small GTPases of the Arf and Rab families. Here, we review recent studies that are revealing the fundamental mechanisms, the molecular players, and the biological significance of mitotic inheritance of the Golgi complex in mammalian cells. We also briefly comment on how Golgi partitioning is coordinated with mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Valente
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council Naples, Italy
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43
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Haase G, Rabouille C. Golgi Fragmentation in ALS Motor Neurons. New Mechanisms Targeting Microtubules, Tethers, and Transport Vesicles. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:448. [PMID: 26696811 PMCID: PMC4672084 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological alterations of the Golgi apparatus, such as its fragmentation represent an early pre-clinical feature of many neurodegenerative diseases and have been widely studied in the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained cryptic. In principle, Golgi fragmentation may result from defects in three major classes of proteins: structural Golgi proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and molecular motors, as well as proteins mediating transport to and through the Golgi. Here, we present the different mechanisms that may underlie Golgi fragmentation in animal and cellular models of ALS linked to mutations in SOD1, TARDBP (TDP-43), VAPB, and C9Orf72 and we propose a novel one based on findings in progressive motor neuronopathy (pmn) mice. These mice are mutated in the TBCE gene encoding the cis-Golgi localized tubulin-binding cofactor E, one of five chaperones that assist in tubulin folding and microtubule polymerization. Loss of TBCE leads to alterations in Golgi microtubules, which in turn impedes on the maintenance of the Golgi architecture. This is due to down-regulation of COPI coat components, dispersion of Golgi tethers and strong accumulation of ER-Golgi SNAREs. These effects are partially rescued by the GTPase ARF1 through recruitment of TBCE to the Golgi. We hypothesize that defects in COPI vesicles, microtubules and their interaction may also underlie Golgi fragmentation in human ALS linked to other mutations, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and related motor neuron diseases. We also discuss the functional relevance of pathological Golgi alterations, in particular their potential causative, contributory, or compensatory role in the degeneration of motor neuron cell bodies, axons and synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Haase
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille Université UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Rabouille
- The Department of Cell Biology, Hubrecht Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
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44
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Secreted Acb1 Contributes to the Yeast-to-Hypha Transition in Cryptococcus neoformans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:1069-1079. [PMID: 26637591 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03691-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to stress by eukaryotic pathogens is often accompanied by a transition in cellular morphology. The human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans is known to switch between the yeast and the filamentous form in response to amoebic predation or during mating. As in the classic dimorphic fungal pathogens, the morphotype is associated with the ability of cryptococci to infect various hosts. Many cryptococcal factors and environmental stimuli, including pheromones (small peptides) and nutrient limitation, are known to induce the yeast-to-hypha transition. We recently discovered that secreted matricellular proteins could also act as intercellular signals to promote the yeast-to-hypha transition. Here we show that the secreted acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA)-binding protein Acb1 plays an important role in enhancing this morphotype transition. Acb1 does not possess a signal peptide. Its extracellular secretion and, consequently, its function in filamentation are dependent on an unconventional GRASP (Golgi reassembly stacking protein)-dependent secretion pathway. Surprisingly, intracellular recruitment of Acb1 to the secretory vesicles is independent of Grasp. In addition to Acb1, Grasp possibly controls the secretion of other cargos, because the graspΔ mutant, but not the acb1Δ mutant, is defective in capsule production and macrophage phagocytosis. Nonetheless, Acb1 is likely the major or the sole effector of Grasp in terms of filamentation. Furthermore, we found that the key residue of Acb1 for acyl binding, Y80, is critical for the proper subcellular localization and secretion of Acb1 and for cryptococcal morphogenesis.
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45
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Bahl S, Parashar S, Malhotra H, Raje M, Mukhopadhyay A. Functional Characterization of Monomeric GTPase Rab1 in the Secretory Pathway of Leishmania. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:29993-30005. [PMID: 26499792 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.670018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania secretes a large number of its effectors to the extracellular milieu. However, regulation of the secretory pathway in Leishmania is not well characterized. Here, we report the cloning, expression, and characterization of the Rab1 homologue from Leishmania. We have found that LdRab1 localizes in Golgi in Leishmania. To understand the role of LdRab1 in the secretory pathway of Leishmania, we have generated transgenic parasites overexpressing GFP-LdRab1:WT, GFP-LdRab1:Q67L (a GTPase-deficient dominant positive mutant of Rab1), and GFP-LdRab1:S22N (a GDP-locked dominant negative mutant of Rab1). Surprisingly, our results have shown that overexpression of GFP-LdRab1:Q67L or GFP-LdRab1:S22N does not disrupt the trafficking and localization of hemoglobin receptor in Leishmania. To determine whether the Rab1-dependent secretory pathway is conserved in parasites, we have analyzed the role of LdRab1 in the secretion of secretory acid phosphatase and Ldgp63 in Leishmania. Our results have shown that overexpression of GFP-LdRab1:Q67L or GFP-LdRab1:S22N significantly inhibits the secretion of secretory acid phosphatase by Leishmania. We have also found that overexpression of GFP-LdRab1:Q67L or GFP-LdRab1:S22N retains RFP-Ldgp63 in Golgi and blocks the secretion of Ldgp63, whereas the trafficking of RFP-Ldgp63 in GFP-LdRab1:WT-expressing cells is unaltered in comparison with control cells. Taken together, our results have shown that the Rab1-regulated secretory pathway is well conserved, and hemoglobin receptor trafficking follows an Rab1-independent secretory pathway in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Bahl
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India and
| | - Smriti Parashar
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India and
| | | | - Manoj Raje
- the Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- From the National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India and
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46
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Tenorio MJ, Luchsinger C, Mardones GA. Protein kinase A activity is necessary for fission and fusion of Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum retrograde tubules. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135260. [PMID: 26258546 PMCID: PMC4530959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly accepted that together with vesicles, tubules play a major role in the transfer of cargo between different cellular compartments. In contrast to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vesicular transport, little is known about tubular transport. How signal transduction molecules regulate these two modes of membrane transport processes is also poorly understood. In this study we investigated whether protein kinase A (PKA) activity regulates the retrograde, tubular transport of Golgi matrix proteins from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We found that Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport of the Golgi matrix proteins giantin, GM130, GRASP55, GRASP65, and p115 was impaired in the presence of PKA inhibitors. In addition, we unexpectedly found accumulation of tubules containing both Golgi matrix proteins and resident Golgi transmembrane proteins. These tubules were still attached to the Golgi and were highly dynamic. Our data suggest that both fission and fusion of retrograde tubules are mechanisms regulated by PKA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Tenorio
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nerviso, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Charlotte Luchsinger
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nerviso, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gonzalo A. Mardones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, and Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nerviso, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- * E-mail:
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47
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Cervigni RI, Bonavita R, Barretta ML, Spano D, Ayala I, Nakamura N, Corda D, Colanzi A. JNK2 controls fragmentation of the Golgi complex and the G2/M transition through phosphorylation of GRASP65. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2249-60. [PMID: 25948586 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the Golgi complex is composed of stacks that are connected by membranous tubules. During G2, the Golgi complex is disassembled into isolated stacks. This process is required for entry into mitosis, indicating that the correct inheritance of the organelle is monitored by a 'Golgi mitotic checkpoint'. However, the regulation and the molecular mechanisms underlying this Golgi disassembly are still poorly understood. Here, we show that JNK2 has a crucial role in the G2-specific separation of the Golgi stacks through phosphorylation of Ser277 of the Golgi-stacking protein GRASP65 (also known as GORASP1). Inhibition of JNK2 by RNA interference or by treatment with three unrelated JNK inhibitors causes a potent and persistent cell cycle block in G2. JNK activity becomes dispensable for mitotic entry if the Golgi complex is disassembled by brefeldin A treatment or by GRASP65 depletion. Finally, measurement of the Golgi fluorescence recovery after photobleaching demonstrates that JNK is required for the cleavage of the tubules connecting Golgi stacks. Our findings reveal that a JNK2-GRASP65 signalling axis has a crucial role in coupling Golgi inheritance and G2/M transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Ines Cervigni
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonavita
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Barretta
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Ayala
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Nobuhiro Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Daniela Corda
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, Naples 80131, Italy
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48
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Wang ZH, Rabouille C, Geisbrecht ER. Loss of a Clueless-dGRASP complex results in ER stress and blocks Integrin exit from the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum in Drosophila larval muscle. Biol Open 2015; 4:636-48. [PMID: 25862246 PMCID: PMC4434815 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201511551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Clueless (Clu) and its conserved orthologs are known for their role in the prevention of mitochondrial clustering. Here, we uncover a new role for Clu in the delivery of integrin subunits in muscle tissue. In clu mutants, αPS2 integrin, but not βPS integrin, abnormally accumulates in a perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain, a site that mirrors the endogenous localization of Clu. Loss of components essential for mitochondrial distribution do not phenocopy the clu mutant αPS2 phenotype. Conversely, RNAi knockdown of the DrosophilaGolgi reassembly and stacking protein GRASP55/65 (dGRASP) recapitulates clu defects, including the abnormal accumulation of αPS2 and larval locomotor activity. Both Clu and dGRASP proteins physically interact and loss of Clu displaces dGRASP from ER exit sites, suggesting that Clu cooperates with dGRASP for the exit of αPS2 from a perinuclear subdomain in the ER. We also found that Clu and dGRASP loss of function leads to ER stress and that the stability of the ER exit site protein Sec16 is severely compromised in the clu mutants, thus explaining the ER accumulation of αPS2. Remarkably, exposure of clu RNAi larvae to chemical chaperones restores both αPS2 delivery and functional ER exit sites. We propose that Clu together with dGRASP prevents ER stress and therefore maintains Sec16 stability essential for the functional organization of perinuclear early secretory pathway. This, in turn, is essential for integrin subunit αPS2 ER exit in Drosophila larval myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Heng Wang
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands The Department of Cell Biology, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erika R Geisbrecht
- Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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49
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Ito Y, Uemura T, Nakano A. Formation and maintenance of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:221-87. [PMID: 24725428 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays essential roles in intracellular trafficking, protein and lipid modification, and polysaccharide synthesis in eukaryotic cells. It is well known for its unique stacked structure, which is conserved among most eukaryotes. However, the mechanisms of biogenesis and maintenance of the structure, which are deeply related to ER-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport systems, have long been mysterious. Now having extremely powerful microscopic technologies developed for live-cell imaging, the plant Golgi apparatus provides an ideal system to resolve the question. The plant Golgi apparatus has unique features that are not conserved in other kingdoms, which will also give new insights into the Golgi functions in plant life. In this review, we will summarize the features of the plant Golgi apparatus and transport mechanisms around it, with a focus on recent advances in Golgi biogenesis by live imaging of plants cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Live Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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50
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Zhou W, Chang J, Wang X, Savelieff MG, Zhao Y, Ke S, Ye B. GM130 is required for compartmental organization of dendritic golgi outposts. Curr Biol 2014; 24:1227-33. [PMID: 24835455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Golgi complexes (Golgi) play important roles in the development and function of neurons [1-3]. Not only are Golgi present in the neuronal soma (somal Golgi), they also exist in the dendrites as Golgi outposts [4-7]. Previous studies have shown that Golgi outposts serve as local microtubule-organizing centers [8] and secretory stations in dendrites [6, 9]. It is unknown whether the structure and function of Golgi outposts differ from those of somal Golgi. Here we show in Drosophila that, unlike somal Golgi, the biochemically distinct cis, medial, and trans compartments of Golgi are often disconnected in dendrites in vivo. The Golgi structural protein GM130 is responsible for connecting distinct Golgi compartments in soma and dendritic branch points, and the specific distribution of GM130 determines the compartmental organization of dendritic Golgi in dendritic shafts. We further show that compartmental organization regulates the role of Golgi in acentrosomal microtubule growth in dendrites and in dendritic branching. Our study provides insights into the structure and function of dendritic Golgi outposts as well as the regulation of compartmental organization of Golgi in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masha G Savelieff
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yinyin Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Ke
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Ye
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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