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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 PMCID: PMC11381030 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Targeting the Sphingolipid Rheostat in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169255. [PMID: 36012521 PMCID: PMC9408832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are highly aggressive cancer types that are in urgent need of novel drugs and targeted therapies. Treatment protocols have not improved in over a decade, and glioma patient survival remains among the worst of all cancer types. As a result, cancer metabolism research has served as an innovative approach to identifying novel glioma targets and improving our understanding of brain tumors. Recent research has uncovered a unique metabolic vulnerability in the sphingolipid pathways of gliomas that possess the IDH1 mutation. Sphingolipids are a family of lipid signaling molecules that play a variety of second messenger functions in cellular regulation. The two primary metabolites, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide, maintain a rheostat balance and play opposing roles in cell survival and proliferation. Altering the rheostat such that the pro-apoptotic signaling of the ceramides outweighs the pro-survival S1P signaling in glioma cells diminishes the hallmarks of cancer and enhances tumor cell death. Throughout this review, we discuss the sphingolipid pathway and identify the enzymes that can be most effectively targeted to alter the sphingolipid rheostat and enhance apoptosis in gliomas. We discuss each pathway’s steps based on their site of occurrence in the organelles and postulate novel targets that can effectively exploit this vulnerability.
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3
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Chung LH, Liu D, Liu XT, Qi Y. Ceramide Transfer Protein (CERT): An Overlooked Molecular Player in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13184. [PMID: 34947980 PMCID: PMC8705978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of essential lipids implicated in constructing cellular membranes and regulating nearly all cellular functions. Sphingolipid metabolic network is centered with the ceramide-sphingomyelin axis. Ceramide is well-recognized as a pro-apoptotic signal; while sphingomyelin, as the most abundant type of sphingolipids, is required for cell growth. Therefore, the balance between these two sphingolipids can be critical for cancer cell survival and functioning. Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) dictates the ratio of ceramide to sphingomyelin within the cell. It is the only lipid transfer protein that specifically delivers ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, where ceramide serves as the substrate for sphingomyelin synthesis. In the past two decades, an increasing body of evidence has suggested a critical role of CERT in cancer, but much more intensive efforts are required to draw a definite conclusion. Herein, we review all research findings of CERT, focusing on its molecular structure, cellular functions and implications in cancer. This comprehensive review of CERT will help to better understand the molecular mechanism of cancer and inspire to identify novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
| | | | | | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.L.); (X.T.L.)
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4
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Ghoula M, Le Marec A, Magnan C, Le Stunff H, Taboureau O. Identification of the Interactions Interference Between the PH and START Domain of CERT by Limonoid and HPA Inhibitors. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:603983. [PMID: 33330630 PMCID: PMC7729066 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.603983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multi domain ceramide transfer protein (CERT) which contains the domains START and PH, is a protein that allows the transport of ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and so it plays a major role in sphingolipid metabolism. Recently, the crystal structure of the PH-START complex has been released, suggesting an inhibitory action of START to the binding of the PH domain to the Golgi apparatus and thus limiting the CERT activity. Our study presents a combination of docking and molecular dynamic simulations of N-(3-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl)alkanamides (HPA) analogs and limonoids compounds known to inhibit CERT. Through our computational study, we compared the binding affinity of 14 ligands at both domains (START and PH) and also at the START-PH interface, including several mutations known to play a role in the CERT’s activity. At the difference of HPA compounds, limonoids have a stronger binding affinity for the START-PH interface. Furthermore, 2 inhibitors (HPA-12 and isogedunin) were investigated through molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. 50 ns of molecular dynamic simulations have displayed the stability of isogedunin as well as keys residues in the binding of this molecule at the interface of the PH-START complex. Therefore, this study suggests a novel inhibitory mechanism of CERT for limonoid compounds involving the stabilization of the START-PH interface. This could help to develop new and potentially more selective inhibitors of this transporter, which is a potent target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ghoula
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1133, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris Saclay, Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
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5
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Vigneswara V, Ahmed Z. The Role of Caspase-2 in Regulating Cell Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051259. [PMID: 32438737 PMCID: PMC7290664 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-2 is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the mammalian caspase family and has been implicated in both apoptotic and non-apoptotic signaling pathways, including tumor suppression, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. A myriad of signaling molecules is associated with the tight regulation of caspase-2 to mediate multiple cellular processes far beyond apoptotic cell death. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature pertaining to possible sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying the multifaceted process of caspase-2 activation and to highlight its interplay between factors that promote or suppress apoptosis in a complicated regulatory network that determines the fate of a cell from its birth and throughout its life.
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6
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Kumagai K, Hanada K. Structure, functions and regulation of CERT, a lipid-transfer protein for the delivery of ceramide at the ER-Golgi membrane contact sites. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2366-2377. [PMID: 31254361 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The inter-organelle transport of lipids must be regulated to ensure appropriate lipid composition of each organelle. In mammalian cells, ceramide synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is transported to the trans-Golgi regions, where ceramide is converted to sphingomyelin (SM) with the concomitant production of diacylglycerol. Ceramide transport protein (CERT) transports ceramide from the ER to the trans-Golgi regions at the ER-Golgi membrane contact sites (MCS). The function of CERT is down-regulated by multisite phosphorylation of a serine-repeat motif (SRM) and up-regulated by phosphorylation of serine 315 in CERT. Multisite phosphorylation of the SRM is primed by protein kinase D, which is activated by diacylglycerol. The function of CERT is regulated by a phosphorylation-dependent feedback mechanism in response to cellular requirements of SM. CERT-dependent ceramide transport is also affected by the pool of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)-4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) in the trans-Golgi regions, while the PtdIns(4)P pool is regulated by PtdIns-4-kinases and oxysterol-binding protein. The ER-Golgi MCS may serve as inter-organelle communication zones, in which many factors work in concert to serve as an extensive rheostat of SM, diacylglycerol, cholesterol and PtdIns(4)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Kumagai
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakao N, Ueno M, Sakai S, Egawa D, Hanzawa H, Kawasaki S, Kumagai K, Suzuki M, Kobayashi S, Hanada K. Natural ligand-nonmimetic inhibitors of the lipid-transfer protein CERT. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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8
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Bandet CL, Mahfouz R, Véret J, Sotiropoulos A, Poirier M, Giussani P, Campana M, Philippe E, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Ballaire R, Le Liepvre X, Bourron O, Berkeš D, Górski J, Ferré P, Le Stunff H, Foufelle F, Hajduch E. Ceramide Transporter CERT Is Involved in Muscle Insulin Signaling Defects Under Lipotoxic Conditions. Diabetes 2018; 67:1258-1271. [PMID: 29759974 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One main mechanism of insulin resistance (IR), a key feature of type 2 diabetes, is the accumulation of saturated fatty acids (FAs) in the muscles of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanism that underlies lipid-induced IR is an important challenge. Saturated FAs are metabolized into lipid derivatives called ceramides, and their accumulation plays a central role in the development of muscle IR. Ceramides are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus through a transporter called CERT, where they are converted into various sphingolipid species. We show that CERT protein expression is reduced in all IR models studied because of a caspase-dependent cleavage. Inhibiting CERT activity in vitro potentiates the deleterious action of lipotoxicity on insulin signaling, whereas overexpression of CERT in vitro or in vivo decreases muscle ceramide content and improves insulin signaling. In addition, inhibition of caspase activity prevents ceramide-induced insulin signaling defects in C2C12 muscle cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate the importance of physiological ER-to-Golgi ceramide traffic to preserve muscle cell insulin signaling and identify CERT as a major actor in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile L Bandet
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Rana Mahfouz
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Julien Véret
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | | | - Maxime Poirier
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, LITA Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Mélanie Campana
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Agnieszka Blachnio-Zabielska
- Departments of Physiology and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Raphaëlle Ballaire
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Le Liepvre
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dušan Berkeš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Górski
- Departments of Physiology and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pascal Ferré
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
- UMR 9197 Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hajduch
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
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9
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Schlafen2 mutation unravels a role for chronic ER stress in the loss of T cell quiescence. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39396-39407. [PMID: 27276683 PMCID: PMC5129940 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologically naïve lymphocytes are kept in a quiescent state until antigen engagement. These quiescent immune cells are characterized by small cell size, lack of spontaneous proliferation and low metabolic rate. Lymphocyte quiescence is actively enforced condition which ensures the preservation of proper differentiation and proliferation capabilities of naïve and memory lymphocytes. Previously we described a chemically induced mutation in Schlafen2 (Slfn2), termed elektra, which breaks quiescence and compromises immunity. However, the mechanism by which Slfn2 maintains quiescence remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that elektra T cells display chronic ER stress under steady state conditions. Modulation of ER stress response by depletion of either UPR mediators XBP1 or CHOP, improved viability and partially corrected the developmental abnormalities and proliferation capabilities of elektra T cells. Altogether, our results demonstrate a functional connection between Slfn2 induced quiescence in T cells and ER homeostasis, clarifying a novel mechanism by which immune cell quiescence is maintained.
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10
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Carroll BL, Bonica J, Shamseddine AA, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. A role for caspase-2 in sphingosine kinase 1 proteolysis in response to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells - implications for the CHK1-suppressed pathway. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 8:27-40. [PMID: 29321954 PMCID: PMC5757171 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is a lipid kinase whose activity produces sphingosine 1‐phosphate, a prosurvival lipid associated with proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion. SK1 overexpression has been observed in numerous cancers. Recent studies have demonstrated that SK1 proteolysis occurs downstream of the tumor suppressor p53 in response to several DNA‐damaging agents. Moreover, loss of SK1 in p53‐knockout mice resulted in complete protection from thymic lymphoma, providing evidence that regulation of SK1 constitutes a major tumor suppressor function of p53. Given this profound phenotype, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which wild‐type p53 regulates proteolysis of SK1 in response to the DNA‐damaging agent doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. We find that p53‐mediated activation of caspase‐2 was required for SK1 proteolysis and that caspase‐2 activity significantly alters the levels of endogenous sphingolipids. As p53 is mutated in 50% of all cancers, we extended our studies to investigate whether SK1 is deregulated in the context of triple‐negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) harboring a mutation in p53. Indeed, caspase‐2 was not activated in these cells and SK1 was not degraded. Moreover, caspase‐2 activation was recently shown to be downstream of the CHK1‐suppressed pathway in p53‐mutant cells, whereby inhibition of the cell cycle kinase CHK1 leads to caspase‐2 activation and apoptosis. Indeed, knockdown and inhibition of CHK1 led to the loss of SK1 in p53‐mutant TNBC cells, providing evidence that SK1 may be the first identified effector of the CHK1‐suppressed pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Carroll
- Department of Medicine Stony Brook Cancer Center Health Sciences Center Stony Brook University NY USA
| | - Joseph Bonica
- Department of Medicine Stony Brook Cancer Center Health Sciences Center Stony Brook University NY USA
| | - Achraf A Shamseddine
- Department of Medicine Stony Brook Cancer Center Health Sciences Center Stony Brook University NY USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine Stony Brook Cancer Center Health Sciences Center Stony Brook University NY USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine Stony Brook Cancer Center Health Sciences Center Stony Brook University NY USA.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center NY USA
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11
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Santos C, Stauffert F, Ballereau S, Dehoux C, Rodriguez F, Bodlenner A, Compain P, Génisson Y. Iminosugar-based ceramide mimicry for the design of new CERT START domain ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1984-1989. [PMID: 28237558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The enigmatical dichotomy between the two CERT/GPBP protein isoforms, their vast panel of biological implications and the scarcity of known antagonist series call for new ligand chemotypes identification. We report the design of iminosugar-based ceramide mimics for the development of new START domain ligands potentially targeting either protein isoforms. Strategic choice of (i) an iminoxylitol core structure and (ii) the positioning of two dodecyl residues led to an extent of protein binding comparable to that of the natural cargo lipid ceramide or the archetypical inhibitor HPA-12. Molecular docking study evidenced a possible mode of protein binding fully coherent with the one observed in crystalline co-structures of known ligands. The present study thus paves the way for cellular CERT inhibition studies en route to the development of pharmacological tools aiming at deciphering the respective function and therapeutic potential of the two CERT/GPBP protein isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Santos
- SPCMIB, UMR5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Fabien Stauffert
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Ballereau
- SPCMIB, UMR5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Cécile Dehoux
- SPCMIB, UMR5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Frédéric Rodriguez
- SPCMIB, UMR5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Anne Bodlenner
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Yves Génisson
- SPCMIB, UMR5068 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France.
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12
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13
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Santos C, Fleury L, Rodriguez F, Markus J, Berkeš D, Daïch A, Ausseil F, Baudoin-Dehoux C, Ballereau S, Génisson Y. The CERT antagonist HPA-12: first practical synthesis and individual binding evaluation of the four stereoisomers. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2004-9. [PMID: 25818765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first unified synthetic route to the four enantiopure HPA-12 stereoisomers in multi-gram scale is reported based on Crystallization-Induced Asymmetric Transformation (CIAT) technology. This preparative stereoselective synthesis allowed the unprecedented comparative evaluation of HPA-12 stereoisomers regarding their interaction with the CERT START domain. In vitro binding assay coupled to in silico docking approach indicate a possible interaction for the four derivatives. The first TR-FRET homogeneous-phase assay was developed to quantify their binding to the START domain, allowing complete determination of HPA-12 EC₅₀. Results indicate that not only the (1R,3S) lead to the strongest binding, but that both 1R and 3S stereocenters similarly contribute to extent of recognition This automated homogenous assay further opens up promising prospect for the identification of novel potential CERT antagonist by means of high throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Santos
- SPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurence Fleury
- Unité de Service et de Recherche CNRS-Pierre Fabre n°3388 ETaC, CRDPF, 3 avenue H. Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01, France
| | - Frédéric Rodriguez
- SPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jozef Markus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Berkeš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Adam Daïch
- URCOM, EA 3221, INC3M CNRS FR-3038, UFR Sciences & Techniques, University of Le Havre, 25, rue Philippe Lebon, B.P. 540, F-76058 Le Havre Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Ausseil
- Unité de Service et de Recherche CNRS-Pierre Fabre n°3388 ETaC, CRDPF, 3 avenue H. Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01, France
| | - Cécile Baudoin-Dehoux
- SPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphanie Ballereau
- SPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| | - Yves Génisson
- SPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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14
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Ueda N. Ceramide-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells: a role of mitochondria and sphingosine-1-phoshate. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5076-124. [PMID: 25751724 PMCID: PMC4394466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is synthesized upon stimuli, and induces apoptosis in renal tubular cells (RTCs). Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) functions as a survival factor. Thus, the balance of ceramide/S1P determines ceramide-induced apoptosis. Mitochondria play a key role for ceramide-induced apoptosis by altered mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP). Ceramide enhances oligomerization of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, ceramide channel, and reduces anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in the MOM. This process alters MOMP, resulting in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome C release into the cytosol, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Ceramide regulates apoptosis through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-dependent and -independent pathways. Conversely, MAPKs alter ceramide generation by regulating the enzymes involving ceramide metabolism, affecting ceramide-induced apoptosis. Crosstalk between Bcl-2 family proteins, ROS, and many signaling pathways regulates ceramide-induced apoptosis. Growth factors rescue ceramide-induced apoptosis by regulating the enzymes involving ceramide metabolism, S1P, and signaling pathways including MAPKs. This article reviews evidence supporting a role of ceramide for apoptosis and discusses a role of mitochondria, including MOMP, Bcl-2 family proteins, ROS, and signaling pathways, and crosstalk between these factors in the regulation of ceramide-induced apoptosis of RTCs. A balancing role between ceramide and S1P and the strategy for preventing ceramide-induced apoptosis by growth factors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norishi Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, 3-8 Kuramitsu, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8588, Japan.
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Ranftler C, Meisslitzer-Ruppitsch C, Stangl H, Röhrl C, Fruhwürth S, Neumüller J, Pavelka M, Ellinger A. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose treatment changes the Golgi apparatus architecture without blocking synthesis of complex lipids. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:369-80. [PMID: 25422148 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The classic Golgi apparatus organization, an arrangement of highly ordered cisternal stacks with tubular-vesicular membrane specializations on both sides, is the functional image of a continuous flow of contents and membranes with input, metabolization, and output in a dynamic steady state. In response to treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), which lowers the cellular ATP level by about 70% within minutes, this organization is rapidly replaced by tubular-glomerular membrane convolutes described as Golgi networks and bodies. 2-DG is a non-metabolizable glucose analogue and competitive inhibitor of glycolysis, which has become attractive in the context of therapeutic approaches for several kinds of tumors specifically targeting glycolysis in cancer. With the question of whether the functions of the Golgi apparatus in lipid synthesis would be influenced by the 2-DG-induced Golgi apparatus reorganization, we focused on lipid metabolism within the Golgi bodies. For this, we applied a fluorophore-labeled short-chain ceramide (BODIPY-Cer) in various combinations with 2-DG treatment to HepG2 cell cultures and followed uptake, enrichment and metabolization to higher ordered lipids. The cellular ATP status in each experiment was controlled with a bioluminescence assay, and the response of the Golgi apparatus was tracked by immunostaining of the trans-Golgi network protein TGN46. For electron microscopy, the fluorescent BODIPY-Cer signals were converted into electron-dense precipitates by photooxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB); DAB precipitates labeled trans-Golgi areas in control cultures but also compartments at the periphery of the Golgi bodies formed in response to 2-DG treatment, thus indicating that concentration of ceramide takes place in spite of the Golgi apparatus reorganization. Lipid analyses by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) performed in parallel showed that BODIPY-Cer is not only concentrated in compartments of the 2-DG-induced Golgi bodies but is partly metabolized to BODIPY-sphingomyelin. Both, uptake and condensation of BODIPY-Cer and its conversion to complex lipids indicate that functions of the Golgi apparatus in the cellular lipid metabolism persist although the classic Golgi apparatus organization is abolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ranftler
- Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Glucolipotoxicity impairs ceramide flow from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in INS-1 β-cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110875. [PMID: 25350564 PMCID: PMC4211692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that glucolipotoxicity, arising from the combined actions of elevated glucose and free fatty acid levels, acts as a key pathogenic component in type II diabetes, contributing to β-cell dysfunction and death. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is among the molecular pathways and regulators involved in these negative effects, and ceramide accumulation due to glucolipotoxicity can be associated with the induction of ER stress. Increased levels of ceramide in ER may be due to enhanced ceramide biosynthesis and/or decreased ceramide utilization. Here, we studied the effect of glucolipotoxic conditions on ceramide traffic in INS-1 cells in order to gain insights into the molecular mechanism(s) of glucolipotoxicity. We showed that glucolipotoxicity inhibited ceramide utilization for complex sphingolipid biosynthesis, thereby reducing the flow of ceramide from the ER to Golgi. Glucolipotoxicity impaired both vesicular- and CERT-mediated ceramide transport through (1) the decreasing of phospho-Akt levels which in turn possibly inhibits vesicular traffic, and (2) the reducing of the amount of active CERT mainly due to a lower protein levels and increased protein phosphorylation to prevent its localization to the Golgi. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that glucolipotoxicity-induced ceramide overload in the ER, arising from a defect in ceramide trafficking may be a mechanism that contributes to dysfunction and/or death of β-cells exposed to glucolipotoxicity.
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Santos C, Rogriguez F, Garcia V, Moravčíková D, Berkeš D, Daïch A, Levade T, Baudoin-Dehoux C, Ballereau S, Génisson Y. Identification of Novel CERT Ligands as Potential Ceramide Trafficking Inhibitors. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2522-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Tidhar R, Futerman AH. The complexity of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2511-8. [PMID: 23611790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the synthesis of other membrane lipids, sphingolipid synthesis is compartmentalized between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The initial steps of sphingolipid synthesis, from the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase through to dihydroceramide desaturase, take place in the endoplasmic reticulum, but the further metabolism of ceramide to sphingomyelin and complex glycosphingolipids takes place mostly in the Golgi apparatus. Studies over the last decade or so have revealed unexpected levels of complexity in the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway, mainly due to either the promiscuity of some enzymes towards their substrates, or the tight selectivity of others towards specific substrates. We now discuss two enzymes in this pathway, namely serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and ceramide synthase (CerS), and one lipid transport protein, CERT. For SPT and CERT, significant structural information is available, and for CerS, significant information has recently been obtained that sheds light of the roles of the specific ceramide species that are produced by each of the CerS. We consider the mechanisms by which specificity is generated and speculate on the reasons that sphingolipid biosynthesis is so complex. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Functional and structural diversity of endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Tidhar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Hage-Sleiman R, Esmerian MO, Kobeissy H, Dbaibo G. p53 and Ceramide as Collaborators in the Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4982-5012. [PMID: 23455468 PMCID: PMC3634419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid ceramide mediates various cellular processes in response to several extracellular stimuli. Some genotoxic stresses are able to induce p53-dependent ceramide accumulation leading to cell death. However, in other cases, in the absence of the tumor suppressor protein p53, apoptosis proceeds partly due to the activity of this "tumor suppressor lipid", ceramide. In the current review, we describe ceramide and its roles in signaling pathways such as cell cycle arrest, hypoxia, hyperoxia, cell death, and cancer. In a specific manner, we are elaborating on the role of ceramide in mitochondrial apoptotic cell death signaling. Furthermore, after highlighting the role and mechanism of action of p53 in apoptosis, we review the association of ceramide and p53 with respect to apoptosis. Strikingly, the hypothesis for a direct interaction between ceramide and p53 is less favored. Recent data suggest that ceramide can act either upstream or downstream of p53 protein through posttranscriptional regulation or through many potential mediators, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouba Hage-Sleiman
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mails: (M.O.E.); (G.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +961-1-350-000 (ext. 4883)
| | - Maria O. Esmerian
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mails: (M.O.E.); (G.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
| | - Hadile Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
| | - Ghassan Dbaibo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mails: (M.O.E.); (G.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236 Riad El Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; E-Mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca L. Fava
- Division of Developmental Immunology, BIOCENTER, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian J. Bock
- Division of Developmental Immunology, BIOCENTER, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, BIOCENTER, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, BIOCENTER, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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