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Le Stunff H, Véret J, Kassis N, Denom J, Meneyrol K, Paul JL, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Magnan C, Janel N. Deciphering the Link Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Ceramide Metabolism in Alzheimer-Type Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31417486 PMCID: PMC6684947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, several data suggest that dyslipidemia can either contribute or serve as co-factors in AD appearance. AD could be examined as a metabolic disorder mediated by peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with dyslipidemia, which results in increased hepatic ceramide generation. Hepatic steatosis induces pro-inflammatory cytokine activation which is mediated by the increased ceramides production. Ceramides levels increased in cells due to perturbation in sphingolipid metabolism and upregulated expression of enzymes involved in ceramide synthesis. Cytotoxic ceramides and related molecules generated in liver promote insulin resistance, traffic through the circulation due to injury or cell death caused by local liver inflammation, and because of their hydrophobic nature, they can cross the blood-brain barrier and thereby exert neurotoxic responses as reducing insulin signaling and increasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. These abnormalities propagate a cascade of neurodegeneration associated with oxidative stress and ceramide generation, which potentiate brain insulin resistance, apoptosis, myelin degeneration, and neuro-inflammation. Therefore, excess of toxic lipids generated in liver can cause neurodegeneration. Elevated homocysteine level is also a risk factor for AD pathology and is narrowly associated with metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The existence of a homocysteine/ceramides signaling pathway suggests that homocysteine toxicity could be partly mediated by intracellular ceramide accumulation due to stimulation of ceramide synthase. In this article, we briefly examined the role of homocysteine and ceramide metabolism linking metabolic diseases and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to AD. We therefore analyzed the expression of mainly enzymes implicated in ceramide and sphingolipid metabolism and demonstrated deregulation of de novo ceramide biosynthesis and S1P metabolism in liver and brain of hyperhomocysteinemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Le Stunff
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Véret
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Denom
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Paul
- AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Paris, France
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Bellini L, Campana M, Rouch C, Chacinska M, Bugliani M, Meneyrol K, Hainault I, Lenoir V, Denom J, Véret J, Kassis N, Thorens B, Ibberson M, Marchetti P, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Prip-Buus C, Magnan C, Le Stunff H. Protective role of the ELOVL2/docosahexaenoic acid axis in glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in rodent beta cells and human islets. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1780-1793. [PMID: 29754287 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to influence glucose homeostasis. We recently showed that Elovl2 expression in beta cells, which regulates synthesis of endogenous DHA, was associated with glucose tolerance and played a key role in insulin secretion. The present study aimed to examine the role of the very long chain fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2)/DHA axis on the adverse effects of palmitate with high glucose, a condition defined as glucolipotoxicity, on beta cells. METHODS We detected ELOVL2 in INS-1 beta cells and mouse and human islets using quantitative PCR and western blotting. Downregulation and adenoviral overexpression of Elovl2 was carried out in beta cells. Ceramide and diacylglycerol levels were determined by radio-enzymatic assay and lipidomics. Apoptosis was quantified using caspase-3 assays and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Palmitate oxidation and esterification were determined by [U-14C]palmitate labelling. RESULTS We found that glucolipotoxicity decreased ELOVL2 content in rodent and human beta cells. Downregulation of ELOVL2 drastically potentiated beta cell apoptosis induced by glucolipotoxicity, whereas adenoviral Elovl2 overexpression and supplementation with DHA partially inhibited glucolipotoxicity-induced cell death in rodent and human beta cells. Inhibition of beta cell apoptosis by the ELOVL2/DHA axis was associated with a decrease in ceramide accumulation. However, the ELOVL2/DHA axis was unable to directly alter ceramide synthesis or metabolism. By contrast, DHA increased palmitate oxidation but did not affect its esterification. Pharmacological inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase and etomoxir, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation, attenuated the protective effect of the ELOVL2/DHA axis during glucolipotoxicity. Downregulation of CPT1 also counteracted the anti-apoptotic action of the ELOVL2/DHA axis. By contrast, a mutated active form of Cpt1 inhibited glucolipotoxicity-induced beta cell apoptosis when ELOVL2 was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results identify ELOVL2 as a critical pro-survival enzyme for preventing beta cell death and dysfunction induced by glucolipotoxicity, notably by favouring palmitate oxidation in mitochondria through a CPT1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bellini
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Mélanie Campana
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Claude Rouch
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Marta Chacinska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marco Bugliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kelly Meneyrol
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | | | - Véronique Lenoir
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Denom
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Julien Véret
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Nadim Kassis
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Blachnio-Zabielska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Céline Cruciani-Guglielmacci
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Magnan
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central, Université Paris Diderot, 4 rue Marie-Andrée-Lagroua-Weill-Hallé, 75205, Paris CEDEX 13, France.
- Université Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France.
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Bandet CL, Mahfouz R, Véret J, Sotiropoulos A, Poirier M, Giussani P, Campana M, Philippe E, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Ballaire R, Le Liepvre X, Bourron O, Berkeš D, Górski J, Ferré P, Le Stunff H, Foufelle F, Hajduch E. Ceramide Transporter CERT Is Involved in Muscle Insulin Signaling Defects Under Lipotoxic Conditions. Diabetes 2018; 67:1258-1271. [PMID: 29759974 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One main mechanism of insulin resistance (IR), a key feature of type 2 diabetes, is the accumulation of saturated fatty acids (FAs) in the muscles of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanism that underlies lipid-induced IR is an important challenge. Saturated FAs are metabolized into lipid derivatives called ceramides, and their accumulation plays a central role in the development of muscle IR. Ceramides are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus through a transporter called CERT, where they are converted into various sphingolipid species. We show that CERT protein expression is reduced in all IR models studied because of a caspase-dependent cleavage. Inhibiting CERT activity in vitro potentiates the deleterious action of lipotoxicity on insulin signaling, whereas overexpression of CERT in vitro or in vivo decreases muscle ceramide content and improves insulin signaling. In addition, inhibition of caspase activity prevents ceramide-induced insulin signaling defects in C2C12 muscle cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate the importance of physiological ER-to-Golgi ceramide traffic to preserve muscle cell insulin signaling and identify CERT as a major actor in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile L Bandet
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Rana Mahfouz
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Julien Véret
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | | | - Maxime Poirier
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, LITA Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Mélanie Campana
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Agnieszka Blachnio-Zabielska
- Departments of Physiology and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Raphaëlle Ballaire
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Le Liepvre
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dušan Berkeš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Górski
- Departments of Physiology and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pascal Ferré
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
- UMR 9197 Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hajduch
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
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Bellini L, Campana M, Mahfouz R, Carlier A, Véret J, Magnan C, Hajduch E, Le Stunff H. Targeting sphingolipid metabolism in the treatment of obesity/type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1037-50. [PMID: 25814122 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1028359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major factor that is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Excess circulating fatty acids (FAs), which characterize obesity, induce insulin resistance, steatosis, β cells dysfunction and apoptosis. These deleterious effects have been defined as lipotoxicity. AREAS COVERED FAs are metabolized to different lipid species, including ceramides which play a crucial role in lipotoxicity. The action of ceramides on tissues, such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue and pancreatic β cells, during the development of T2D will also be reviewed. In addition, the potential antagonist action of other sphingolipids, namely sphingoid base phosphates, on lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle and β cells will be addressed. EXPERT OPINION Ceramide is a critical mediator to the development of T2D linked to obesity. Targeting proteins involved in ceramide's deleterious action has not been possible due to their involvement in many other intracellular signaling pathways. A possible means of counteracting ceramide action would be to prevent the accumulation of the specific ceramide species involved in both insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis/dysfunction. Another possibility would be to adjust the dynamic balance between ceramide and sphingoid base phosphate, both known to display opposing properties on the development of T2D-linked obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bellini
- Université PARIS-DIDEROT (7), Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative - UMR CNRS 8251, Équipe Régulation de la glycémie par le système nerveux central (REGLYS) , 4, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Halle, 75205 PARIS Cedex 13 , France +01 57 27 77 97 ; +01 57 27 77 96 ;
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Picard A, Moullé VS, Le Foll C, Cansell C, Véret J, Coant N, Le Stunff H, Migrenne S, Luquet S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Levin BE, Magnan C. Physiological and pathophysiological implications of lipid sensing in the brain. Diabetes Obes Metab 2014; 16 Suppl 1:49-55. [PMID: 25200296 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA)-sensitive neurons are present in the brain, especially the hypothalamus, and play a key role in the neural control of energy homeostasis. Through neuronal output, FA may modulate feeding behaviour as well as insulin secretion and action. Subpopulations of neurons in the ventromedial and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei are selectively either inhibited or activated by FA. Molecular effectors of these FA effects probably include chloride or potassium ion channels. While intracellular metabolism and activation of the ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel appear to be necessary for some of the signalling effects of FA, at least half of the FA responses in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons are mediated by interaction with FAT/CD36, an FA transporter/receptor that does not require intracellular metabolism to activate downstream signalling. Thus, FA or their metabolites can modulate neuronal activity as a means of directly monitoring ongoing fuel availability by brain nutrient-sensing neurons involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. Recently, the role of lipoprotein lipase in FA sensing has also been shown in animal models not only in hypothalamus, but also in hippocampus and striatum. Finally, FA overload might impair neural control of energy homeostasis through enhanced ceramide synthesis and may contribute to obesity and/or type 2 diabetes pathogenesis in predisposed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picard
- CNRS UMR 8251, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, Paris, France; Department of Physiology, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Véret J, Coant N, Gorshkova IA, Giussani P, Fradet M, Riccitelli E, Skobeleva A, Goya J, Kassis N, Natarajan V, Portha B, Berdyshev EV, Le Stunff H. Role of palmitate-induced sphingoid base-1-phosphate biosynthesis in INS-1 β-cell survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:251-62. [PMID: 23085009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sphingoid base-1-phosphates represent a very low portion of the sphingolipid pool but are potent bioactive lipids in mammals. This study was undertaken to determine whether these lipids are produced in palmitate-treated pancreatic β cells and what role they play in palmitate-induced β cell apoptosis. Our lipidomic analysis revealed that palmitate at low and high glucose supplementation increased (dihydro)sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in INS-1 β cells. This increase was associated with an increase in sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) mRNA and protein levels. Over-expression of SphK1 in INS-1 cells potentiated palmitate-induced accumulation of dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate. N,N-dimethyl-sphingosine, a potent inhibitor of SphK, potentiated β-cell apoptosis induced by palmitate whereas over-expression of SphK1 significantly reduced apoptosis induced by palmitate with high glucose. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted SphK1 also partially inhibited apoptosis induced by palmitate. Inhibition of INS-1 apoptosis by over-expressed SphK1 was independent of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors but was associated with a decreased formation of pro-apoptotic ceramides induced by gluco-lipotoxicity. Moreover, over-expression of SphK1 counteracted the defect in the ER-to-Golgi transport of proteins that contribute to the ceramide-dependent ER stress observed during gluco-lipotoxicity. In conclusion, our results suggest that activation of palmitate-induced SphK1-mediated sphingoid base-1-phosphate formation in the ER of β cells plays a protective role against palmitate-induced ceramide-dependent apoptotic β cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Véret
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Unité BFA, CNRS EAC 4413, Paris, France
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