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Li Y, Li G, Wang Y, Li L, Song Y, Cao F, Yang K. Discovery and biological evaluation of biaryl acetamide derivatives as selective and in vivo active sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116577. [PMID: 38875809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy due to its critical role in tumor growth. However, the lack of potent and selective inhibitors has hindered its clinical application. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a series of novel SphK2 inhibitors, culminating in the identification of compound 12q as a highly selective and potent inhibitor of SphK2. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the incorporation of larger substitution groups facilitates a more effective occupation of the binding site, thereby stabilizing the complex. Compared to the widely used inhibitor ABC294640, compound 12q exhibits superior anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cells, inducing G2 phase arrest and apoptosis in liver cancer cells HepG2. Notably, 12q inhibited migration and colony formation in HepG2 and altered intracellular sphingolipid content. Moreover, intraperitoneal administration of 12q in mice resulted in decreased levels of S1P. 12q provides a valuable tool compound for exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting SphK2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.
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2
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Müller T, Krieg N, Lange-Polovinkin AI, Wissuwa B, Gräler MH, Dennhardt S, Coldewey SM. Deletion of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in Mice with Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7683. [PMID: 39062926 PMCID: PMC11277509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur as a severe systemic complication of infections with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli. Its pathology can be induced by Stx types, resulting in toxin-mediated damage to renal barriers, inflammation, and the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Two sphingosine kinase (SphK) isozymes, SphK1 and SphK2, have been shown to be involved in barrier maintenance and renal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we sought to determine their role in the pathogenesis of HUS. Experimental HUS was induced by the repeated administration of Stx2 in wild-type (WT) and SphK1 (SphK1-/-) or SphK2 (SphK2-/-) null mutant mice. Disease severity was evaluated by assessing clinical symptoms, renal injury and dysfunction, inflammatory status and sphingolipid levels on day 5 of HUS development. Renal inflammation and injury were found to be attenuated in the SphK2-/- mice, but exacerbated in the SphK1-/- mice compared to the WT mice. The divergent outcome appeared to be associated with oppositely altered sphingolipid levels. This study represents the first description of the distinct roles of SphK1-/- and SphK2-/- in the pathogenesis of HUS. The identification of sphingolipid metabolism as a potential target for HUS therapy represents a significant advance in the field of HUS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Krieg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonia I. Lange-Polovinkin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Dennhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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3
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Alkafaas SS, Elsalahaty MI, Ismail DF, Radwan MA, Elkafas SS, Loutfy SA, Elshazli RM, Baazaoui N, Ahmed AE, Hafez W, Diab M, Sakran M, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Kamal HK, Hessien M. The emerging roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate and SphK1 in cancer resistance: a promising therapeutic target. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:89. [PMID: 38419070 PMCID: PMC10903003 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemoresistance is a problematic dilemma that significantly restrains numerous cancer management protocols. It can promote cancer recurrence, spreading of cancer, and finally, mortality. Accordingly, enhancing the responsiveness of cancer cells towards chemotherapies could be a vital approach to overcoming cancer chemoresistance. Tumour cells express a high level of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), which acts as a protooncogenic factor and is responsible for the synthesis of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P). S1P is released through a Human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter to interact with other phosphosphingolipids components in the interstitial fluid in the tumor microenvironment (TME), provoking communication, progression, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Also, S1P is associated with several impacts, including anti-apoptotic behavior, metastasis, mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. Recent reports addressed high levels of S1P in several carcinomas, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, breast, and HCC. Therefore, targeting the S1P/SphK signaling pathway is an emerging therapeutic approach to efficiently attenuate chemoresistance. In this review, we comprehensively discussed S1P functions, metabolism, transport, and signaling. Also, through a bioinformatic framework, we pointed out the alterations of SphK1 gene expression within different cancers with their impact on patient survival, and we demonstrated the protein-protein network of SphK1, elaborating its sparse roles. Furthermore, we made emphasis on different machineries of cancer resistance and the tight link with S1P. We evaluated all publicly available SphK1 inhibitors and their inhibition activity using molecular docking and how SphK1 inhibitors reduce the production of S1P and might reduce chemoresistance, an approach that might be vital in the course of cancer treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I Elsalahaty
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Doha F Ismail
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ali Radwan
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
- Faculty of Control System and Robotics, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Samah A Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center, British University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami M Elshazli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Narjes Baazaoui
- Biology Department, College of Sciences and Arts Muhayil Assir, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Hafez
- NMC Royal Hospital, 16th Street, 35233, Khalifa, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Medical Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Mohanad Diab
- Burjeel Hospital Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Sakran
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hani K Kamal
- Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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4
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Mohammed S, Bindu A, Viswanathan A, Harikumar KB. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling during infection and immunity. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101251. [PMID: 37633365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential components of all eukaryotic membranes. The bioactive sphingolipid molecule, Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P), regulates various important biological functions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of S1P signaling pathway in various immune cell functions under different pathophysiological conditions including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and cancer. We covered the aspects of S1P pathways in NOD/TLR pathways, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune disorders, and tumor immunology. This implies that targeting S1P signaling can be used as a strategy to block these pathologies. Our current understanding of targeting various components of S1P signaling for therapeutic purposes and the present status of S1P pathway inhibitors or modulators in disease conditions where the host immune system plays a pivotal role is the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Mohammed
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India
| | - Anu Bindu
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India
| | - Arun Viswanathan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kuzhuvelil B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala State 695014, India.
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5
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Wang S, Huo Y, Zhang J, Li L, Cao F, Song Y, Zhang Y, Yang K. Design, synthesis, antitumor activity, and molecular dynamics simulations of novel sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 93:117441. [PMID: 37586181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Targeting sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) has become a novel strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, potent and selective SphK2 inhibitors are rare. In our work, a series of novel SphK2 inhibitors were innovatively designed, synthesized and screened. Compound 12e showed the best inhibitory activity. Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to analyze the detailed interactions between the SphK2 and its inhibitors. Moreover, 12e exhibited anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cells, and inhibited the migration of human breast cancer cells MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaSha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yidan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Kan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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6
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Kim KM, Shin EJ, Yang JH, Ki SH. Integrative roles of sphingosine kinase in liver pathophysiology. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:549-564. [PMID: 37779595 PMCID: PMC10541397 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids and enzymes that metabolize sphingolipid-related substances have been considered as critical messengers in various signaling pathways. One such enzyme is the crucial lipid kinase, sphingosine kinase (SphK), which mediates the conversion of sphingosine to the potent signaling substance, sphingosine-1-phosphate. Several studies have demonstrated that SphK metabolism is strictly regulated to maintain the homeostatic balance of cells. Here, we summarize the role of SphK in the course of liver disease and illustrate its effects on both physiological and pathological conditions of the liver. SphK has been implicated in a variety of liver diseases, such as steatosis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure. This study may advance the understanding of the cellular and molecular foundations of liver disease and establish therapeutic approaches via SphK modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-Do 58245 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
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7
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Afrin F, Mateen S, Oman J, Lai JCK, Barrott JJ, Pashikanti S. Natural Products and Small Molecules Targeting Cellular Ceramide Metabolism to Enhance Apoptosis in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4645. [PMID: 37760612 PMCID: PMC10527029 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeting strategies have been used for years in order to control cancer progression and are often based on targeting various enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. Keeping this in mind, it is essential to determine the role of each enzyme in a particular metabolic pathway. In this review, we provide in-depth information on various enzymes such as ceramidase, sphingosine kinase, sphingomyelin synthase, dihydroceramide desaturase, and ceramide synthase which are associated with various types of cancers. We also discuss the physicochemical properties of well-studied inhibitors with natural product origins and their related structures in terms of these enzymes. Targeting ceramide metabolism exhibited promising mono- and combination therapies at preclinical stages in preventing cancer progression and cemented the significance of sphingolipid metabolism in cancer treatments. Targeting ceramide-metabolizing enzymes will help medicinal chemists design potent and selective small molecules for treating cancer progression at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Afrin
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (F.A.); (S.M.); (J.O.); (J.C.K.L.)
| | - Sameena Mateen
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (F.A.); (S.M.); (J.O.); (J.C.K.L.)
| | - Jordan Oman
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (F.A.); (S.M.); (J.O.); (J.C.K.L.)
| | - James C. K. Lai
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (F.A.); (S.M.); (J.O.); (J.C.K.L.)
| | - Jared J. Barrott
- Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Srinath Pashikanti
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; (F.A.); (S.M.); (J.O.); (J.C.K.L.)
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8
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Weigel C, Maczis MA, Palladino END, Green CD, Maceyka M, Guo C, Wang XY, Dozmorov MG, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Sphingosine Kinase 2 in Stromal Fibroblasts Creates a Hospitable Tumor Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:553-567. [PMID: 36541910 PMCID: PMC9931683 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between breast cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are important for cancer progression and metastasis. We report here that the deletion or inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), which produces sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), markedly suppresses syngeneic breast tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice by creating a hostile microenvironment for tumor growth and invasion. SphK2 deficiency decreased S1P and concomitantly increased ceramides, including C16-ceramide, in stromal fibroblasts. Ceramide accumulation suppressed activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) by upregulating stromal p53, which restrained production of tumor-promoting factors to reprogram the TME and to restrict breast cancer establishment. Ablation of p53 in SphK2-deficient fibroblasts reversed these effects, enabled CAF activation and promoted tumor growth and invasion. These data uncovered a novel role of SphK2 in regulating non-cell-autonomous functions of p53 in stromal fibroblasts and their transition to tumor-promoting CAFs, paving the way for the development of a strategy to target the TME and to enhance therapeutic efficacy. SIGNIFICANCE Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) facilitates the activation of stromal fibroblasts to tumor-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts by suppressing host p53 activity, revealing SphK2 as a potential target to reprogram the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Melissa A. Maczis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Elisa N. D. Palladino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Christopher D. Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Departments of Biostatistics and Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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9
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Kim SB, Lee T, Oh YS, Park E, Baek DJ. Synthesis and biological investigation of protein phosphatase
2A
‐activating compounds with dimeric tail as non‐small cell lung cancer cell death agents. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Kim
- College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Jeonnam Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition Eulji University Seongnam Korea
| | - Eun‐Young Park
- College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Jeonnam Korea
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy Mokpo National University Jeonnam Korea
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10
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Tian L, Wu Y, Choi HJ, Sui X, Li X, Sofi MH, Kassir MF, Chen X, Mehrotra S, Ogretmen B, Yu XZ. S1P/S1PR1 signaling differentially regulates the allogeneic response of CD4 and CD8 T cells by modulating mitochondrial fission. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1235-1250. [PMID: 36071219 PMCID: PMC9622814 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) significantly contributes to patient morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is involved in the biogenetic processes of different immune cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that recipient sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), but not Sphk2, was required for optimal S1PR1-dependent donor T-cell allogeneic responses by secreting S1P. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we demonstrated that inhibition of Sphk1 or S1PR1 substantially attenuated acute GVHD (aGVHD) while retaining the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. At the cellular level, the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway differentially modulated the alloreactivity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; it facilitated T-cell differentiation into Th1/Th17 cells but not Tregs and promoted CD4+ T-cell infiltration into GVHD target organs but was dispensable for the CTL activity of allogeneic CD8+ T cells. At the molecular level, the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway augmented mitochondrial fission and increased mitochondrial mass in allogeneic CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells by activating the AMPK/AKT/mTOR/Drp1 pathway, providing a mechanistic basis for GVL maintenance when S1P signaling was inhibited. For translational purposes, we detected the regulatory efficacy of pharmacologic inhibitors of Sphk1 and S1PR1 in GVHD induced by human T cells in a xenograft model. Our study provides novel mechanistic insight into how the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway modulates T-cell alloreactivity and validates Sphk1 or S1PR1 as a therapeutic target for the prevention of GVHD and leukemia relapse. This novel strategy may be readily translated into the clinic to benefit patients with hematologic malignancies and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlu Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hee-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaohui Sui
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xinlei Li
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal Kassir
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- The Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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11
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Tian L, Wu Y, Choi HJ, Sui X, Li X, Sofi MH, Kassir MF, Chen X, Mehrotra S, Ogretmen B, Yu XZ. S1P/S1PR1 signaling differentially regulates the allogeneic response of CD4 and CD8 T cells by modulating mitochondrial fission. Cell Mol Immunol 2022. [PMID: 36071219 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) significantly contributes to patient morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is involved in the biogenetic processes of different immune cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that recipient sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), but not Sphk2, was required for optimal S1PR1-dependent donor T-cell allogeneic responses by secreting S1P. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we demonstrated that inhibition of Sphk1 or S1PR1 substantially attenuated acute GVHD (aGVHD) while retaining the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. At the cellular level, the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway differentially modulated the alloreactivity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; it facilitated T-cell differentiation into Th1/Th17 cells but not Tregs and promoted CD4+ T-cell infiltration into GVHD target organs but was dispensable for the CTL activity of allogeneic CD8+ T cells. At the molecular level, the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway augmented mitochondrial fission and increased mitochondrial mass in allogeneic CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells by activating the AMPK/AKT/mTOR/Drp1 pathway, providing a mechanistic basis for GVL maintenance when S1P signaling was inhibited. For translational purposes, we detected the regulatory efficacy of pharmacologic inhibitors of Sphk1 and S1PR1 in GVHD induced by human T cells in a xenograft model. Our study provides novel mechanistic insight into how the Sphk1/S1P/S1PR1 pathway modulates T-cell alloreactivity and validates Sphk1 or S1PR1 as a therapeutic target for the prevention of GVHD and leukemia relapse. This novel strategy may be readily translated into the clinic to benefit patients with hematologic malignancies and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlu Tian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hee-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xiaohui Sui
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xinlei Li
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - M Hanief Sofi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mohamed Faisal Kassir
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- The Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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12
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Pashikanti S, Foster DJ, Kharel Y, Brown AM, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitors: Rigid Aliphatic Tail Derivatives Deliver Potent and Selective Analogues. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:469-489. [PMID: 36281302 PMCID: PMC9585524 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Sphingosine 1-phosphate
(S1P) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule
that interacts with five native G-protein coupled receptors (S1P1–5)
to regulate cell growth, survival, and proliferation. S1P has been
implicated in a variety of pathologies including cancer, kidney fibrosis,
and multiple sclerosis. As key mediators in the synthesis of S1P,
sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoforms 1 and 2 have attracted attention
as viable targets for pharmacologic intervention. In this report,
we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of sphingosine
kinase 2 (SphK2) inhibitors with a focus on systematically introducing
rigid structures in the aliphatic lipid tail present in existing SphK2
inhibitors. Experimental as well as molecular modeling studies suggest
that conformationally restricted “lipophilic tail” analogues
bearing a bulky terminal moiety or an internal phenyl ring are useful
to complement the “J”-shaped sphingosine binding pocket
of SphK2. We identified 14c (SLP9101555) as a potent
SphK2 inhibitor (Ki = 90 nM) with 200-fold
selectivity over SphK1. Molecular docking studies indicated key interactions:
the cyclohexyl ring binding in the cleft deep in the pocket, a trifluoromethyl
group fitting in a small side cavity, and a hydrogen bond between
the guanidino group and Asp308 (amino acid numbering refers to human
SphK2 (isoform c) orthologue). In vitro studies using
U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cells showed marked decreases in extracellular
S1P levels in response to our SphK2 inhibitors. Administration of 14c (dose: 5 mg/kg) to mice resulted in a sustained increase
of circulating S1P levels, suggesting target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinath Pashikanti
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, United States
| | - Daniel J. Foster
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Anne M. Brown
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - David R. Bevan
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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13
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A Novel Sphingosine Kinase Inhibitor Suppresses Chikungunya Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061123. [PMID: 35746595 PMCID: PMC9229564 DOI: 10.3390/v14061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging arbovirus in the alphavirus genus. Upon infection, it can cause severe joint pain that can last years in some patients, significantly affecting their quality of life. Currently, there are no vaccines or anti-viral therapies available against CHIKV. Its spread to the Americas from the eastern continents has substantially increased the count of the infected by millions. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify therapeutic targets for CHIKV treatment. A potential point of intervention is the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway. Conversion of sphingosine to S1P is catalyzed by Sphingosine kinases (SKs), which we previously showed to be crucial pro-viral host factor during CHIKV infection. In this study, we screened inhibitors of SKs and identified a novel potent inhibitor of CHIKV infection—SLL3071511. We showed that the pre-treatment of cells with SLL3071511 in vitro effectively inhibited CHIKV infection with an EC50 value of 2.91 µM under both prophylactic and therapeutic modes, significantly decreasing the viral gene expression and release of viral particles. Our studies suggest that targeting SKs is a viable approach for controlling CHIKV replication.
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14
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-targeted therapeutics in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:335-351. [PMID: 35508810 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which acts via G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs), is a bioactive lipid essential for vascular integrity and lymphocyte trafficking. The S1P-S1PR signalling axis is a key component of the inflammatory response in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Several drugs that target S1PRs have been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease and are under clinical testing for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Preclinical studies support the hypothesis that targeting the S1P-S1PR axis would be beneficial to patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) by reducing pathological inflammation. Whereas most preclinical research and development efforts are focused on reducing lymphocyte trafficking, protective effects of circulating S1P on endothelial S1PRs, which maintain the vascular barrier and enable blood circulation while dampening leukocyte extravasation, have been largely overlooked. In this Review, we take a holistic view of S1P-S1PR signalling in lymphocyte and vascular pathobiology. We focus on the potential of S1PR modulators for the treatment of SLE, RA and SSc and summarize the rationale, pathobiology and evidence from preclinical models and clinical studies. Improved understanding of S1P pathobiology in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and S1PR therapeutic modulation is anticipated to lead to efficacious and safer management of these diseases.
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15
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Revealing 2-Dimethylhydrazino-2-alkyl alkynyl sphingosine derivatives as Sphingosine Kinase 2 inhibitors: some hints on the structural basis for selective inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Sasset L, Di Lorenzo A. Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Endothelial Cell Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:87-117. [PMID: 35503177 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium, inner layer of blood vessels, constitutes a metabolically active paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine organ, able to sense the neighboring environment and exert a variety of biological functions important to preserve the health of vasculature, tissues, and organs. Sphingolipids are both fundamental structural components of the eukaryotic membranes and signaling molecules regulating a variety of biological functions. Ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), bioactive sphingolipids, have emerged as important regulators of cardiovascular functions in health and disease. In this review we discuss recent insights into the role of ceramide and S1P biosynthesis and signaling in regulating endothelial cell functions, in health and diseases. We also highlight advances into the mechanisms regulating serine palmitoyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis, with an emphasis on its inhibitors, ORMDL and NOGO-B. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis may provide the foundation for therapeutic modulation of this pathway in a variety of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, associated with derangement of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sasset
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annarita Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feil Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Bu Y, Wu H, Deng R, Wang Y. Therapeutic Potential of SphK1 Inhibitors Based on Abnormal Expression of SphK1 in Inflammatory Immune Related-Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733387. [PMID: 34737701 PMCID: PMC8560647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1) a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), so as to maintain the dynamic balance of sphingolipid-rheostat in cells and participate in cell growth and death, proliferation and migration, vasoconstriction and remodeling, inflammation and metabolism. The normal expression of SphK1 maintains the balance of physiological and pathological states, which is reflected in the regulation of inflammatory factor secretion, immune response in traditional immune cells and non-traditional immune cells, and complex signal transduction. However, abnormal SphK1 expression and activity are found in various inflammatory and immune related-diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In view of the therapeutic potential of regulating SphK1 and its signal, the current research is aimed at SphK1 inhibitors, such as SphK1 selective inhibitors and dual SphK1/2 inhibitor, and other compounds with inhibitory potency. This review explores the regulatory role of over-expressed SphK1 in inflammatory and immune related-diseases, and investigate the latest progress of SphK1 inhibitors and the improvement of disease or pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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18
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Ziegler AC, Gräler MH. Barrier maintenance by S1P during inflammation and sepsis. Tissue Barriers 2021; 9:1940069. [PMID: 34152926 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1940069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a multifaceted lipid signaling molecule that activates five specific G protein-coupled S1P receptors. Despite the fact that S1P is known as one of the strongest barrier-enhancing molecules for two decades, no medical application is available yet. The reason for this lack of translation into clinical practice may be the complex regulatory network of S1P signaling, metabolism and transportation.In this review, we will provide an overview about the physiology and the network of S1P signaling with the focus on endothelial barrier maintenance in inflammation. We briefly describe the physiological role of S1P and the underlying S1P signaling in barrier maintenance, outline differences of S1P signaling and metabolism in inflammatory diseases, discuss potential targets and compounds for medical intervention, and summarize our current knowledge regarding the role of S1P in the maintenance of specialized barriers like the blood-brain barrier and the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke C Ziegler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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19
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Zhang YH, Cui SX, Wan SB, Wu SH, Qu XJ. Increased S1P induces S1PR2 internalization to blunt the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to 5-fluorouracil via promoting intracellular uracil generation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:460-469. [PMID: 32647340 PMCID: PMC8027438 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the backbone of most sphingolipids, activating S1P receptors (S1PRs) and the downstream G protein signaling has been implicated in chemoresistance. In this study we investigated the role of S1PR2 internalization in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Clinical data of randomly selected 60 CRC specimens showed the correlation between S1PR2 internalization and increased intracellular uracil (P < 0.001). Then we explored the regulatory mechanisms in CRC model of villin-S1PR2-/- mice and CRC cell lines. We showed that co-administration of S1P promoted S1PR2 internalization from plasma membrane (PM) to endoplasmic reticulum (ER), thus blunted 5-FU efficacy against colorectal tumors in WT mice, compared to that in S1PR2-/- mice. In HCT116 and HT-29 cells, application of S1P (10 μM) empowered S1PR2 to internalize from PM to ER, thus inducing 5-FU resistance, whereas the specific S1PR2 inhibitor JTE-013 (10 μM) effectively inhibited S1P-induced S1PR2 internalization. Using Mag-Fluo-AM-labeling [Ca2+]ER and LC-ESI-MS/MS, we revealed that internalized S1PR2 triggered elevating [Ca2+]ER levels to activate PERK-eLF2α-ATF4 signaling in HCT116 cells. The activated ATF4 upregulated RNASET2-mediated uracil generation, which impaired exogenous 5-FU uptake to blunt 5-FU therapy. Overall, this study reveals a previously unrecognized mechanism of 5-FU resistance resulted from S1PR2 internalization-upregulated uracil generation in colorectal cancer, and provides the novel insight into the significance of S1PR2 localization in predicting the benefit of CRC patients from 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shu-Xiang Cui
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sheng-Biao Wan
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shu-Hua Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou 264003, China
| | - Xian-Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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20
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Ding T, Zhi Y, Xie W, Yao Q, Liu B. Rational design of SphK inhibitors using crystal structures aided by computer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113164. [PMID: 33454547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) are lipid kinases that catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). As a bioactive lipid, S1P plays a role outside and inside the cell to regulate biological processes. The overexpression of SphKs is related to a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Targeting the S1P signaling pathway is a potential treatment strategy for many diseases. SphKs are key kinases of the S1P signaling pathway. The SphK family includes two isoforms: SphK1 and SphK2. Determination of the co-crystal structure of SphK1 with various inhibitors has laid a solid foundation for the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting SphKs. This paper reviews the differences and connections between the two isoforms and the structure of SphK1 crystals, especially the structure of its Sph "J-shaped" channel binding site. This review also summarizes the recent development of SphK1 and SphK2 selective inhibitors and the exploration of the unresolved SphK2 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Ding
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ying Zhi
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weilin Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, PR China.
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21
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Congdon M, Fritzemeier RG, Kharel Y, Brown AM, Serbulea V, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Probing the substitution pattern of indole-based scaffold reveals potent and selective sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113121. [PMID: 33445156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and increased expression of sphingosine kinase isoforms (SphK1 and SphK2) have been implicated in a variety of disease states including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Consequently, the S1P signaling axis has become an attractive target for drug discovery. Selective inhibition of either SphK1 or SphK2 has been demonstrated to be effective in modulating S1P levels in animal models. While SphK1 inhibitors have received much attention, the development of potent and selective SphK2 inhibitors are emerging. Previously, our group reported a SphK2 naphthalene-based selective inhibitor, SLC5081308, which displays approximately 7-fold selectivity for hSphK2 over hSphK1 and has a SphK2 Ki value of 1.0 μM. To improve SphK2 potency and selectivity, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of indole-based compounds derived from SLC5081308. After investigating substitution patterns around the indole ring, we discovered that 1,5-disubstitution promoted optimal binding in the SphK2 substrate binding site and subsequent inhibition of enzymatic activity. Our studies led to the identification of SLC5101465 (6r, SphK2 Ki = 90 nM, >110 fold selective for SphK2 over SphK1). Molecular modeling studies revealed key nonpolar interactions with Val308, Phe548, His556, and Cys533 and hydrogen bonds with both Asp211 and Asp308 as responsible for the high SphK2 inhibition and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Russell G Fritzemeier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Anne M Brown
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Research and Informatics, University Libraries, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - David R Bevan
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
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22
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Li H, Sibley CD, Kharel Y, Huang T, Brown AM, Wonilowicz LG, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Lipophilic tail modifications of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine scaffold reveal dual sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 30:115941. [PMID: 33385956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is an attractive target for pharmacological manipulation due to its involvement in cancer progression and immune cell chemotaxis. The synthesis of S1P is catalyzed by the action of sphingosine kinase 1 or 2 (SphK1 or SphK2) on sphingosine and ATP. While potent and selective inhibitors of SphK1 or SphK2 have been reported, development of potent dual SphK1/SphK2 inhibitors are still needed. Towards this end, we report the structure-activity relationship profiling of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-based inhibitors with 22d being the most potent dual SphK1/SphK2 inhibitor (SphK1 Ki = 0.679 μM, SphK2 Ki = 0.951 μM) reported in this series. 22d inhibited the growth of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and decreased S1P levels in histiocytic lymphoma myeloid cell line (U937 cells), demonstrating inhibition of SphK1 and 2 in vitro. Molecular modeling studies of 22d docked inside the Sph binding pocket of both SphK1 and SphK2 indicate essential hydrogen bond between the 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine head to interact with aspartic acid and serine residues near the ATP binding pocket, which provide the basis for dual inhibition. In addition, the dodecyl tail adopts a "J-shape" conformation found in crystal structure of sphingosine bound to SphK1. Collectively, these studies provide insight into the intermolecular interactions in the SphK1 and 2 active sites to achieve maximal dual inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | | | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Anne M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Laura G Wonilowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - David R Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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Dhangadamajhi G, Singh S. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Malaria Pathogenesis and Its Implication in Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:353. [PMID: 32923406 PMCID: PMC7456833 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid intermediate in the sphingolipid metabolism, which exist in two pools, intracellular and extracellular, and each pool has a different function. The circulating extracellular pool, specifically the plasma S1P is shown to be important in regulating various physiological processes related to malaria pathogenesis in recent years. Although blood cells (red blood cells and platelets), vascular endothelial cells and hepatocytes are considered as the important sources of plasma S1P, their extent of contribution is still debated. The red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets serve as a major repository of intracellular S1P due to lack, or low activity of S1P degrading enzymes, however, contribution of platelets toward maintaining plasma S1P is shown negligible under normal condition. Substantial evidences suggest platelets loss during falciparum infection as a contributing factor for severe malaria. However, platelets function as a source for plasma S1P in malaria needs to be examined experimentally. RBC being the preferential site for parasite seclusion, and having the ability of trans-cellular S1P transportation to EC upon tight cell-cell contact, might play critical role in differential S1P distribution and parasite growth. In the present review, we have summarized the significance of both the S1P pools in the context of malaria, and how the RBC content of S1P can be channelized in better ways for its possible implication in therapeutic opportunities to control malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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24
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SphK2 confers 5-fluorouracil resistance to colorectal cancer via upregulating H3K56ac-mediated DPD expression. Oncogene 2020; 39:5214-5227. [PMID: 32546724 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in chemoresistance, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Herein we revealed a previously unrecognized mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance contributed by high SphK2-upregulated dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is evidenced from human CRC specimens, animal models, and cancer cell lines. TMA samples from randomly selected 60 CRC specimens firstly identified the clinical correlation between high SphK2 and increased DPD (p < 0.001). Then the regulatory mechanism was explored in CRC models of villin-SphK2 Tg mice, SphK2-/-mice, and human CRC cells xenografted nude mice. Assays of ChIP-Seq and luciferase reporter gene demonstrated that high SphK2 upregulated DPD through promoting the HDAC1-mediated H3K56ac, leading to the degradation of intracellular 5-FU into inactive α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL). Lastly, inhibition of SphK2 by SLR080811 exhibited excellent inhibition on DPD expression and potently reversed 5-FU resistance in colorectal tumors of villin-SphK2 Tg mice. Overall, this study manifests that SphK2high conferred 5-FU resistance through upregulating tumoral DPD, which highlights the strategies of blocking SphK2 to overcome 5-FU resistance in CRC.
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25
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Jozefczuk E, Guzik TJ, Siedlinski M. Significance of sphingosine-1-phosphate in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104793. [PMID: 32278039 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid, synthetized by sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2), that affects cardiovascular function in various ways. S1P signaling is complex, particularly since its molecular action is reliant on the differential expression of its receptors (S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, S1PR4, S1PR5) within various tissues. Significance of this sphingolipid is manifested early in vertebrate development as certain defects in S1P signaling result in embryonic lethality due to defective vasculo- or cardiogenesis. Similar in the mature organism, S1P orchestrates both physiological and pathological processes occurring in the heart and vasculature of higher eukaryotes. S1P regulates cell fate, vascular tone, endothelial function and integrity as well as lymphocyte trafficking, thus disbalance in its production and signaling has been linked with development of such pathologies as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and aberrant angiogenesis. Number of signaling mechanisms are critical - from endothelial nitric oxide synthase through STAT3, MAPK and Akt pathways to HDL particles involved in redox and inflammatory balance. Moreover, S1P controls both acute cardiac responses (cardiac inotropy and chronotropy), as well as chronic processes (such as apoptosis and hypertrophy), hence numerous studies demonstrate significance of S1P in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic/fibrotic heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure. This review presents current knowledge concerning the role of S1P in the cardiovascular system, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to target S1P signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jozefczuk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - T J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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26
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Kharel Y, Huang T, Salamon A, Harris TE, Santos WL, Lynch KR. Mechanism of sphingosine 1-phosphate clearance from blood. Biochem J 2020; 477:925-935. [PMID: 32065229 PMCID: PMC7059866 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) synthetic and degradative enzymes as well as S1P exporters creates concentration gradients that are a fundamental to S1P biology. Extracellular S1P levels, such as in blood and lymph, are high relative to cellular S1P. The blood-tissue S1P gradient maintains endothelial integrity while local S1P gradients influence immune cell positioning. Indeed, the importance of S1P gradients was recognized initially when the mechanism of action of an S1P receptor agonist used as a medicine for multiple sclerosis was revealed to be inhibition of T-lymphocytes' recognition of the high S1P in efferent lymph. Furthermore, the increase in erythrocyte S1P in response to hypoxia influences oxygen delivery during high altitude acclimatization. However, understanding of how S1P gradients are maintained is incomplete. For example, S1P is synthesized but is only slowly metabolized by blood yet circulating S1P turns over quickly by an unknown mechanism. Prompted by the counterintuitive observation that blood S1P increases markedly in response to inhibition S1P synthesis (by sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2)), we studied mice wherein several tissues were made deficient in either SphK2 or S1P degrading enzymes. Our data reveal a mechanism whereby S1P is de-phosphorylated at the hepatocyte surface and the resulting sphingosine is sequestered by SphK phosphorylation and in turn degraded by intracellular S1P lyase. Thus, we identify the liver as the primary site of blood S1P clearance and provide an explanation for the role of SphK2 in this process. Our discovery suggests a general mechanism whereby S1P gradients are shaped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Anita Salamon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and VT Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, U.S.A
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27
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Magli E, Corvino A, Fiorino F, Frecentese F, Perissutti E, Saccone I, Santagada V, Caliendo G, Severino B. Design of Sphingosine Kinases Inhibitors: Challenges and Recent Developments. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:956-968. [PMID: 30947653 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190404115424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) catalyze the phosphorylation of sphingosine to form the bioactive sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is an important lipid mediator with a wide range of biological functions; it is also involved in a variety of diseases such as inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. METHODS This review reports the recent advancement in the research of SphKs inhibitors. Our purpose is also to provide a complete overview useful for underlining the features needed to select a specific pharmacological profile. DISCUSSION Two distinct mammalian SphK isoforms have been identified, SphK1 and SphK2. These isoforms are encoded by different genes and exhibit distinct subcellular localizations, biochemical properties and functions. SphK1 and SphK2 inhibition can be useful in different pathological conditions. CONCLUSION SphK1 and SphK2 have many common features but different and even opposite biological functions. For this reason, several research groups are interested in understanding the therapeutic usefulness of a selective or non-selective inhibitor of SphKs. Moreover, a compensatory mechanism for the two isoforms has been demonstrated, thus leading to the development of dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Magli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Corvino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Frecentese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Perissutti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Saccone
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Santagada
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caliendo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Severino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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28
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Sibley CD, Morris EA, Kharel Y, Brown AM, Huang T, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Discovery of a Small Side Cavity in Sphingosine Kinase 2 that Enhances Inhibitor Potency and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1178-1198. [PMID: 31895563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is an attractive drug target due to its involvement in immune cell chemotaxis and vascular integrity. The formation of S1P is catalyzed by sphingosine kinase 1 or 2 (SphK1 or SphK2) from sphingosine (Sph) and ATP. Inhibition of SphK1 and SphK2 to attenuate levels of S1P has been reported to be efficacious in animal models of diseases such as cancer, sickle cell disease, and renal fibrosis. While inhibitors of both SphKs have been reported, improvements in potency and selectivity are still needed. Toward that end, we performed structure-activity relationship profiling of 8 (SLM6031434) and discovered a heretofore unrecognized side cavity that increased inhibitor potency toward SphK2. Interrogating this region revealed that relatively small hydrophobic moieties are preferred, with 10 being the most potent SphK2-selective inhibitor (Ki = 89 nM, 73-fold SphK2-selective) with validated in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Sibley
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Emily A Morris
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Anne M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - David R Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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29
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Abstract
There is substantial evidence that the enzymes, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, which catalyse the formation of the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate, are involved in pathophysiological processes. In this chapter, we appraise the evidence that both enzymes are druggable and describe how isoform-specific inhibitors can be developed based on the plasticity of the sphingosine-binding site. This is contextualised with the effect of sphingosine kinase inhibitors in cancer, pulmonary hypertension, neurodegeneration, inflammation and sickling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David R Adams
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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30
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Ishimaru K, Yoshioka K, Kano K, Kurano M, Saigusa D, Aoki J, Yatomi Y, Takuwa N, Okamoto Y, Proia RL, Takuwa Y. Sphingosine kinase-2 prevents macrophage cholesterol accumulation and atherosclerosis by stimulating autophagic lipid degradation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18329. [PMID: 31797978 PMCID: PMC6892873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of ischemic coronary heart diseases and characterized by the infiltration of cholesterol-accumulating macrophages in the vascular wall. Although sphingolipids are implicated in atherosclerosis as both membrane components and lipid mediators, the precise role of sphingolipids in atherosclerosis remains elusive. Here, we found that genetic deficiency of sphingosine kinase-2 (SphK2) but not SphK1 aggravates the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in mice with ApoE deficiency. Bone marrow chimaera experiments show the involvement of SphK2 expressed in bone marrow-derived cells. In macrophages, deficiency of SphK2, a major SphK isoform in this cell type, results in increases in cellular sphingosine and ceramides. SphK2-deficient macrophages have increases in lipid droplet-containing autophagosomes and autolysosomes and defective lysosomal degradation of lipid droplets via autophagy with an impaired luminal acidic environment and proteolytic activity in the lysosomes. Transgenic overexpression of SphK1 in SphK2-deficient mice rescued aggravation of atherosclerosis and abnormalities of autophagosomes and lysosomes in macrophages with reductions of sphingosine, suggesting at least partial overlapping actions of two SphKs. Taken together, these results indicate that SphK2 is required for autophagosome- and lysosome-mediated catabolism of intracellular lipid droplets to impede the development of atherosclerosis; therefore, SphK2 may be a novel target for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Yoshioka
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Noriko Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, 929-1210, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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31
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Torretta E, Barbacini P, Al-Daghri NM, Gelfi C. Sphingolipids in Obesity and Correlated Co-Morbidities: The Contribution of Gender, Age and Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235901. [PMID: 31771303 PMCID: PMC6929069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews our present knowledge on the contribution of ceramide (Cer), sphingomyelin (SM), dihydroceramide (DhCer) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in obesity and related co-morbidities. Specifically, in this paper, we address the role of acyl chain composition in bodily fluids for monitoring obesity in males and females, in aging persons and in situations of environmental hypoxia adaptation. After a brief introduction on sphingolipid synthesis and compartmentalization, the node of detection methods has been critically revised as the node of the use of animal models. The latter do not recapitulate the human condition, making it difficult to compare levels of sphingolipids found in animal tissues and human bodily fluids, and thus, to find definitive conclusions. In human subjects, the search for putative biomarkers has to be performed on easily accessible material, such as serum. The serum “sphingolipidome” profile indicates that attention should be focused on specific acyl chains associated with obesity, per se, since total Cer and SM levels coupled with dyslipidemia and vitamin D deficiency can be confounding factors. Furthermore, exposure to hypoxia indicates a relationship between dyslipidemia, obesity, oxygen level and aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, thus, opening new research avenues in the role of sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (P.B.)
- Ph.D. school in Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department,College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (P.B.)
- I.R.C.C.S Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-033-0475
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De Cunto G, Brancaleone V, Riemma MA, Cerqua I, Vellecco V, Spaziano G, Cavarra E, Bartalesi B, D'Agostino B, Lungarella G, Cirino G, Lucattelli M, Roviezzo F. Functional contribution of sphingosine-1-phosphate to airway pathology in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:267-281. [PMID: 31499592 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A critical role for sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) pathway in the control of airway function has been demonstrated in respiratory diseases. Here, we address S1P contribution in a mouse model of mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J mice have been exposed to room air or cigarette smoke up to 11 months and killed at different time points. Functional and molecular studies have been performed. KEY RESULTS Cigarette smoke caused emphysematous changes throughout the lung parenchyma coupled to a progressive collagen deposition in both peribronchiolar and peribronchial areas. The high and low airways showed an increased reactivity to cholinergic stimulation and α-smooth muscle actin overexpression. Similarly, an increase in airway reactivity and lung resistances following S1P challenge occurred in smoking mice. A high expression of S1P, Sph-K2 , and S1P receptors (S1P2 and S1P3 ) has been detected in the lung of smoking mice. Sphingosine kinases inhibition reversed the increased cholinergic response in airways of smoking mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS S1P signalling up-regulation follows the disease progression in smoking mice and is involved in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. Our study defines a therapeutic potential for S1P inhibitors in management of airways hyperresponsiveness associated to emphysema in smokers with both asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna De Cunto
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Ida Cerqua
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Spaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cavarra
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Bartalesi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno D'Agostino
- Department of Experimental Medicine L. Donatelli, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lungarella
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Lucattelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Ebenezer DL, Berdyshev EV, Bronova IA, Liu Y, Tiruppathi C, Komarova Y, Benevolenskaya EV, Suryadevara V, Ha AW, Harijith A, tuder RM, Natarajan V, Fu P. Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulates nuclear sphingosine-1-phosphate generation and epigenetic regulation of lung inflammatory injury. Thorax 2019; 74:579-591. [PMID: 30723184 PMCID: PMC6834354 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary disorders. Nuclear sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to regulate histone acetylation, and therefore could mediate pro-inflammatory genes expression. METHODS Profile of sphingolipid species in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lung tissue of mice challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was investigated. The role of nuclear sphingosine kinase (SPHK)2 and S1P in lung inflammatory injury by PA using genetically engineered mice was determined. RESULTS Genetic deletion of Sphk2, but not Sphk1, in mice conferred protection from PA-mediated lung inflammation. PA infection stimulated phosphorylation of SPHK2 and its localisation in epithelial cell nucleus, which was mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) δ. Inhibition of PKC δ or SPHK2 activity reduced PA-mediated acetylation of histone H3 and H4, which was necessary for the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. The clinical significance of the findings is supported by enhanced nuclear localisation of p-SPHK2 in the epithelium of lung specimens from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CONCLUSIONS Our studies define a critical role for nuclear SPHK2/S1P signalling in epigenetic regulation of bacterial-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Targeting SPHK2 may represent a potential strategy to reduce lung inflammatory pulmonary disorders such as pneumonia and CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Irina A Bronova
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Alison W Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rubin M tuder
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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34
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Qi H, Cole J, Grambergs RC, Gillenwater JR, Mondal K, Khanam S, Dutta S, Stiles M, Proia RL, Allegood J, Mandal N. Sphingosine Kinase 2 Phosphorylation of FTY720 is Unnecessary for Prevention of Light-Induced Retinal Damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7771. [PMID: 31123291 PMCID: PMC6533254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Sphingosine kinase 2 is the primary enzyme responsible for phosphorylating FTY720 to its active form, FTY720-P. Systemic FTY720 treatment confers significant protection to murine retinas from light- and disease-mediated photoreceptor cell death. It is not clear whether FTY720-P, FTY720, or both are responsible for this photoreceptor protection. We investigated Sphingosine kinase 2 knockout (Sphk2 KO) mouse retinas, tested their sensitivity to light, and measured what degree of protection from light-induced damage they receive from systemic FTY720 treatment. Sphk2 KO retinas were found to be similar to their wild-type counterparts in sensitivity to light damage. Additionally, FTY720 treatment protected Sphk2 KO retinas from light-induced damage despite significant retardation of FTY720 phosphorylation in Sphk2 KO mice. We conclude that FTY720 serves an active role in preventing photoreceptor cell death. Furthermore, we conclude that the phosphorylation of FTY720 is not necessary to provide this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jerome Cole
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Richard C Grambergs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - John R Gillenwater
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Koushik Mondal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sufiya Khanam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Soma Dutta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Megan Stiles
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeremy Allegood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 2329, USA
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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35
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Wilkerson JL, Stiles MA, Gurley JM, Grambergs RC, Gu X, Elliott MH, Proia RL, Mandal NA. Sphingosine Kinase-1 Is Essential for Maintaining External/Outer Limiting Membrane and Associated Adherens Junctions in the Aging Retina. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7188-7207. [PMID: 30997640 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) produced by sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2) is a signaling molecule involved in cell proliferation and formation of cellular junctions. In this study, we characterized the retinas of Sphk1 knockout (KO) mice by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. We also tested cultured Müller glia for their response to S1P. We found that S1P plays an important role in retinal and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) structural integrity in aging mice. Ultrastructural analysis of Sphk1 KO mouse retinas aged to 15 months or raised with moderate light stress revealed a degenerated outer limiting membrane (OLM). This membrane is formed by adherens junctions between neighboring Müller glia and photoreceptor cells. We also show that Sphk1 KO mice have reduced retinal function in mice raised with moderate light stress. In vitro assays revealed that exogenous S1P modulated cytoskeletal rearrangement and increased N-cadherin production in human Müller glia cells. Aged mice also had morphological degeneration of the RPE, as well as increased lipid storage vacuoles and undigested phagosomes reminiscent of RPE in age-related macular degeneration. These findings show that SPHK1 and S1P play a vital role in the structural maintenance of the mammalian retina and retinal pigmented epithelium by supporting the formation of adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Megan A Stiles
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jami M Gurley
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Richard C Grambergs
- Department of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gu
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nawajes A Mandal
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 718, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 718, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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36
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Worrell BL, Brown AM, Santos WL, Bevan DR. In Silico Characterization of Structural Distinctions between Isoforms of Human and Mouse Sphingosine Kinases for Accelerating Drug Discovery. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:2339-2351. [PMID: 30844267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cellular signaling pathways are associated with multiple disease states including cancers and fibrosis. Current research efforts to attenuate cancers, specifically lymphatic cancer, focus on inhibition of two sphingosine kinase isoforms, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2). Determining differences in structural and physicochemical binding site properties of SphKs is attractive to refine inhibitor potency and isoform selectivity. This study utilizes a predictive in silico approach to determine key differences in binding sites in SphK isoforms in human and mouse species. Homology modeling, molecular docking of inhibitors, analysis of binding pocket residue positions, development of pharmacophore models, and analysis of binding cavity volume were performed to determine isoform- and species-selective characteristics of the binding site and generate a system to rank potential inhibitors. Interestingly, docking studies showed compounds bound to mouse SphK1 in a manner more similar to human SphK2 than to human SphK1, indicating that SphKs in mice have structural properties distinct from humans that confounds prediction of ligand selectivity in mice. Our studies aid in the development and production of new compound classes by highlighting structural distinctions and identifying the role of key residues that cause observable, functional differences in isoforms and between orthologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Worrell
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Tech , 201 Engel Hall (0308) 340 West Campus Drive , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Anne M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Tech , 201 Engel Hall (0308) 340 West Campus Drive , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,University Libraries , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States , and.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - David R Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Tech , 201 Engel Hall (0308) 340 West Campus Drive , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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37
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Adams DR, Tawati S, Berretta G, Rivas PL, Baiget J, Jiang Z, Alsfouk A, Mackay SP, Pyne NJ, Pyne S. Topographical Mapping of Isoform-Selectivity Determinants for J-Channel-Binding Inhibitors of Sphingosine Kinases 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2019; 62:3658-3676. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Adams
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Salha Tawati
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Giacomo Berretta
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Paula Lopez Rivas
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Jessica Baiget
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Zhong Jiang
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Aisha Alsfouk
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Simon P. Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Nigel J. Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, U.K
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38
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Hasanifard L, Sheervalilou R, Majidinia M, Yousefi B. New insights into the roles and regulation of SphK2 as a therapeutic target in cancer chemoresistance. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8162-8181. [PMID: 30456838 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a complicated process developed by most cancers and accounts for the majority of relapse and metastasis in cancer. The main mechanisms of chemoresistance phenotype include increased expression and/or activated drug efflux pumps, altered DNA repair, altered metabolism of therapeutics as well as impaired apoptotic signaling pathways. Aberrant sphingolipid signaling has also recently received considerable attention in chemoresistance. Sphingolipid metabolites regulate main biological processes such as apoptosis, cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Two sphingosine kinases, SphK1 and SphK2, convert sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate, an antiapoptotic bioactive lipid mediator. Numerous evidence has revealed the involvement of activated SphK1 in tumorigenesis and resistance, however, contradictory results have been found for the role of SphK2 in these functions. In some studies, overexpression of SphK2 suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis. In contrast, some others have shown cell proliferation and tumor promotion effect for SphK2. Our understanding of the role of SphK2 in cancer does not have a sufficient integrity. The main focus of this review will be on the re-evaluation of the role of SphK2 in cell death and chemoresistance in light of our new understanding of molecular targeted therapy. We will also highlight the connections between SphK2 and the DNA damage response. Finally, we will provide our insight into the regulatory mechanisms of SphKs by two main categories, micro and long, noncoding RNAs as the novel players of cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Hasanifard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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39
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The Roles of Sphingosine Kinases in Skin Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:951-953. [PMID: 30367873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Ghosh M, Thangada S, Dasgupta O, Khanna KM, Yamase HT, Kashgarian M, Hla T, Shapiro LH, Ferrer FA. Cell-intrinsic sphingosine kinase 2 promotes macrophage polarization and renal inflammation in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518138 PMCID: PMC5843290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine Kinase-2 (Sphk2) is responsible for the production of the bioactive lipid Sphingosine-1 Phosphate, a key regulator of tissue repair. Here we address the in vivo significance of Sphingosine Kinase -2 in renal inflammation/fibrosis in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction using both genetic and pharmacological strategies. Obstructed kidneys of Sphk2-/- mice showed reduced renal damage and diminished levels of the renal injury markers TGFβ1 and αSMA when compared to wild type controls. We found a consistently significant increase in anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in obstructed Sphk2-/- kidneys by flow cytometry and a decrease in mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines, MCP1, TNFα, CXCL1 and ILβ1, suggesting an anti-inflammatory bias in the absence of Sphk2. Indeed, metabolic profiling showed that the pro-inflammatory glycolytic pathway is largely inactive in Sphk2-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, treatment with the M2-promoting cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 demonstrated that macrophages lacking Sphk2 polarized more efficiently to the M2 phenotype than wild type cells. Bone marrow transplant studies indicated that expression of Sphk2-/- on either the hematopoietic or parenchymal cells did not fully rescue the pro-healing phenotype, confirming that both infiltrating M2-macrophages and the kidney microenvironment contribute to the damaging Sphk2 effects. Importantly, obstructed kidneys from mice treated with an Sphk2 inhibitor recapitulated findings in the genetic model. These results demonstrate that reducing Sphk2 activity by genetic or pharmacological manipulation markedly decreases inflammatory and fibrotic responses to obstruction, resulting in diminished renal injury and supporting Sphk2 as a novel driver of the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Shobha Thangada
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Oisharya Dasgupta
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Kamal M. Khanna
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Harold T. Yamase
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Michael Kashgarian
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Cancer Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Linda H. Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FAF); (LHS)
| | - Fernando A. Ferrer
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Omaha, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FAF); (LHS)
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41
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Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingolipid signaling in renal fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:230-247. [PMID: 29343457 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, various sphingolipid subspecies have gained increasing attention as important signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation and tissue remodeling. These mediators include ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the cerebroside glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and the gangliosides GM3 and Gb3. These lipids have been shown to accumulate in various chronic kidney diseases that typically end in renal fibrosis and ultimately renal failure. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of those enzymes that regulate the generation and interconversion of these lipids, notably the acid sphingomyelinase, the acid sphingomyelinase-like protein SMPDL3B, the sphingosine kinases, the S1P lyase, the glucosylceramide synthase, the GM3 synthase, and the α-galactosidase A, to renal fibrotic diseases. Strategies of manipulating these enzymes for therapeutic purposes and the impact of existing drugs on renal pathologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe- University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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42
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Schwalm S, Beyer S, Frey H, Haceni R, Grammatikos G, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Schaefer L, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingosine Kinase-2 Deficiency Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis by Up-Regulating Smad7 in a Mouse Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2413-2429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Elevated intrathymic sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes thymus involution during sepsis. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:255-263. [PMID: 28846923 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis mouse models revealed thymus atrophy, characterised by decreased thymus weight and loss of thymocytes due to apoptosis. Mice suffered from lymphopenia, a lack of T cells in the periphery, which attenuates their ability to fight against recurring and secondary infections during sepsis progression. Key players in thymus atrophy are IL-6, which is directly involved in thymus involution, and the sphingosine-1-phosphate - sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 signaling, influencing thymocytes emigration. In healthy individuals a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) gradient from lymphoid organs to the circulatory system serves as signal for mature T cell egress. In the present study we investigated, whether inhibition of S1P generation improves thymus involution. In sepsis, induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), S1P in the thymus increased, while it decreased in serum, thus disrupting the naturally occurring S1P gradient. As a potential source of S1P we identified increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the thymic cortex of septic mice. Pharmacological inhibition of the S1P generating sphingosine kinases, by 4- [[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]amino]phenol (SK I-II), administered directly following CLP, prevented thymus atrophy. This was reflected by lymphocytosis, diminished apoptosis, decreased IL-6 expression, and an unaltered thymus weight. In addition SK I-II-treatment preserved the S1P balance and prevented S1P-dependent internalization of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Our data suggest that inhibition of sphingosine kinase and thus, S1P generation during sepsis restores thymic T cell egress, which might improve septic outcome.
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44
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Adamiak M, Chelvarajan L, Lynch KR, Santos WL, Abdel-Latif A, Ratajczak MZ. Mobilization studies in mice deficient in sphingosine kinase 2 support a crucial role of the plasma level of sphingosine-1-phosphate in the egress of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65588-65600. [PMID: 29029455 PMCID: PMC5630355 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid involved in cell signaling and, if released from cells, also plays a crucial role in regulating the trafficking of lympho-hematopoietic cells, including primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). It has been demonstrated that S1P chemoattracts HSPCs, and its level in peripheral blood creates a gradient directing egress of these cells during mobilization. In this paper we analyzed hematopoiesis in mice deficient in sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2-KO mice) and studied the effect of this mutation on plasma S1P levels. We found that Sphk2-KO mice have normal hematopoiesis, and, in contrast to Sphk1-KO mice, the circulating S1P level is highly elevated in these animals and correlates with the fact that HSPCs in Sphk2-KO animals, also in contrast to Sphk1-KO animals, show enhanced mobilization. These results were recapitulated in wild type (WT) animals employing an Sphk2 inhibitor. We also administered an inhibitor of the S1P-degrading enzyme S1P lyase, known as tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI), to WT mice and observed that this resulted in an increase in S1P level in PB and enhanced mobilization of HSPCs. In sum, our results support a crucial role for S1P gradients in blood plasma in the mobilization process and indicate that small-molecule inhibitors of Sphk2 and Sgpl1 could be employed as mobilization-facilitating compounds. At the same time, further studies are needed to explain the unexpected effect of Sphk2 inhibition on increasing S1P levels in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Adamiak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lakshman Chelvarajan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Pyne NJ, Adams DR, Pyne S. Sphingosine Kinase 2 in Autoimmune/Inflammatory Disease and the Development of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:581-591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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46
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Childress ES, Kharel Y, Brown AM, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Transforming Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitors into Dual and Sphingosine Kinase 2 Selective Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and in Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3933-3957. [PMID: 28406646 PMCID: PMC6047346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that interacts with its five G-protein coupled receptors (S1P1-5) to regulate cell growth and survival and has been implicated in a variety of diseases including cancer and sickle cell disease. As the key mediators in the synthesis of S1P, sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoforms 1 and 2 have attracted attention as viable targets for pharmaceutical inhibition. In this article, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of aminothiazole-based guanidine inhibitors of SphK. Surprisingly, combining features of reported SphK1 inhibitors generated SphK1/2 dual inhibitor 20l (SLC4011540) (hSphK1 Ki = 120 nM, hSphK2 Ki = 90 nM) and SphK2 inhibitor 20dd (SLC4101431) (Ki = 90 nM, 100-fold SphK2 selectivity). These compounds effectively decrease S1P levels in vitro. In vivo administration of 20dd validated that inhibition of SphK2 increases blood S1P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Childress
- Department of Chemistry and VT Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Anne M. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - David R. Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and VT Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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47
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Schnute ME, McReynolds MD, Carroll J, Chrencik J, Highkin MK, Iyanar K, Jerome G, Rains JW, Saabye M, Scholten JA, Yates M, Nagiec MM. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Sphingosine Kinase 1 Inhibitor through the Molecular Combination of Chemotype-Distinct Screening Hits. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2562-2572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jill Chrencik
- Medicine
Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Chew WS, Wang W, Herr DR. To fingolimod and beyond: The rich pipeline of drug candidates that target S1P signaling. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:521-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Bajwa A, Huang L, Kurmaeva E, Ye H, Dondeti KR, Chroscicki P, Foley LS, Balogun ZA, Alexander KJ, Park H, Lynch KR, Rosin DL, Okusa MD. Sphingosine Kinase 2 Deficiency Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis via IFN- γ. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1145-1161. [PMID: 27799486 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive repair after AKI may lead to progressive fibrosis and decline in kidney function. Sphingosine 1-phosphate has an important role in kidney injury and pleiotropic effects in fibrosis. We investigated the involvement of sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SphK1 and SphK2), which phosphorylate sphingosine to produce sphingosine 1-phosphate, in kidney fibrosis induced by folic acid (FA) or unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Analysis of Masson trichrome staining and fibrotic marker protein and mRNA expression 14 days after AKI revealed that wild-type (WT) and Sphk1-/- mice exhibited more kidney fibrosis than Sphk2-/- mice. Furthermore, kidneys of FA-treated WT and Sphk1-/- mice had greater immune cell infiltration and expression of fibrotic and inflammatory markers than kidneys of FA-treated Sphk2-/- mice. In contrast, kidneys of Sphk2-/- mice exhibited greater expression of Ifng and IFN-γ-responsive genes (Cxcl9 and Cxcl10) than kidneys of WT or Sphk1-/- mice did at this time point. Splenic T cells from untreated Sphk2-/- mice were hyperproliferative and produced more IFN-γ than did those of WT or Sphk1-/- mice. IFN-γ blocking antibody administered to Sphk2-/- mice or deletion of Ifng (Sphk2-/-Ifng-/- mice) blocked the protective effect of SphK2 deficiency in fibrosis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of Sphk2-/- (but not Sphk2-/-Ifng-/- ) CD4 T cells into WT mice blocked FA-induced fibrosis. Finally, a selective SphK2 inhibitor blocked FA-induced kidney fibrosis in WT mice. These studies demonstrate that SphK2 inhibition may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for attenuating kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Bajwa
- Division of Nephrology, .,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Elvira Kurmaeva
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hong Ye
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Krishna R Dondeti
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Piotr Chroscicki
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Leah S Foley
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Z Ayoade Balogun
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kyle J Alexander
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hojung Park
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology.,Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
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Abstract
Vertebrates are endowed with a closed circulatory system, the evolution of which required novel structural and regulatory changes. Furthermore, immune cell trafficking paradigms adapted to the barriers imposed by the closed circulatory system. How did such changes occur mechanistically? We propose that spatial compartmentalization of the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) may be one such mechanism. In vertebrates, S1P is spatially compartmentalized in the blood and lymphatic circulation, thus comprising a sharp S1P gradient across the endothelial barrier. Circulatory S1P has critical roles in maturation and homeostasis of the vascular system as well as in immune cell trafficking. Physiological functions of S1P are tightly linked to shear stress, the key biophysical stimulus from blood flow. Thus, circulatory S1P confinement could be a primordial strategy of vertebrates in the development of a closed circulatory system. This review discusses the cellular and molecular basis of the S1P gradients and aims to interpret its physiological significance as a key feature of the closed circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
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