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Yang Y, Zhang Z. α-Synuclein pathology from the body to the brain: so many seeds so close to the central soil. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1463-1472. [PMID: 38051888 PMCID: PMC10883481 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT α-Synuclein is a protein that mainly exists in the presynaptic terminals. Abnormal folding and accumulation of α-synuclein are found in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Aggregated and highly phosphorylated α-synuclein constitutes the main component of Lewy bodies in the brain, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease. For decades, much attention has been focused on the accumulation of α-synuclein in the brain parenchyma rather than considering Parkinson's disease as a systemic disease. Recent evidence demonstrates that, at least in some patients, the initial α-synuclein pathology originates in the peripheral organs and spreads to the brain. Injection of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tract triggers the gut-to-brain propagation of α-synuclein pathology. However, whether α-synuclein pathology can occur spontaneously in peripheral organs independent of exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils or pathological α-synuclein leakage from the central nervous system remains under investigation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the role of peripheral α-synuclein pathology in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We also discuss the pathways by which α-synuclein pathology spreads from the body to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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2
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Chisholm TS, Hunter CA. A closer look at amyloid ligands, and what they tell us about protein aggregates. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1354-1374. [PMID: 38116736 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid fibrils is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Detecting these fibrils with fluorescent or radiolabelled ligands is one strategy for diagnosing and better understanding these diseases. A vast number of amyloid-binding ligands have been reported in the literature as a result. To obtain a better understanding of how amyloid ligands bind, we have compiled a database of 3457 experimental dissociation constants for 2076 unique amyloid-binding ligands. These ligands target Aβ, tau, or αSyn fibrils, as well as relevant biological samples including AD brain homogenates. From this database significant variation in the reported dissociation constants of ligands was found, possibly due to differences in the morphology of the fibrils being studied. Ligands were also found to bind to Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42) fibrils with similar affinities, whereas a greater difference was found for binding to Aβ and tau or αSyn fibrils. Next, the binding of ligands to fibrils was shown to be largely limited by the hydrophobic effect. Some Aβ ligands do not fit into this hydrophobicity-limited model, suggesting that polar interactions can play an important role when binding to this target. Finally several binding site models were outlined for amyloid fibrils that describe what ligands target what binding sites. These models provide a foundation for interpreting and designing site-specific binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Chisholm
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1 EW, UK.
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3
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Dandurand J, Monné M, Samouillan V, Rosa M, Laurita A, Pistone A, Bisaccia D, Matera I, Bisaccia F, Ostuni A. The 75-99 C-Terminal Peptide of URG7 Protein Promotes α-Synuclein Disaggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1135. [PMID: 38256207 PMCID: PMC10816444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Up Regulation Gene seven (URG7) is the pseudogene 2 of the transporter ABCC6. The translated URG7 protein is localized with its single transmembrane α-helix in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, orienting the N- and C-terminal regions in the lumen and cytoplasm, respectively, and it plays a crucial role in the folding of ER proteins. Previously, the C-terminal region of URG7 (PU, residues 75-99) has been shown to modify the aggregation state of α-synuclein in the lysate of HepG2 cells. PU analogs were synthesized, and their anti-aggregation potential was tested in vitro on α-synuclein obtained using recombinant DNA technology. Circular dichroism (CD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and microscopic techniques were used to assess the sample's behavior. The results show that the peptides studied by themselves are prone to clathrate-like structure formation of variable stability. Aggregation of α-synuclein is accompanied by desolvation of its peptide chain and an increase in intermolecular β-sheets. The PU analogs all interact with α-synuclein aggregates and those possessing the most stable clathrate-like structures have the highest disaggregating effect. These findings suggest that the C-terminal region of URG7 may have a role in interacting and modulating α-synuclein structures and could be used to generate interesting therapeutic candidates as disaggregators of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jany Dandurand
- CIRIMAT Physique des Polymères, Université Toulouse 3, Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France; (J.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Valérie Samouillan
- CIRIMAT Physique des Polymères, Université Toulouse 3, Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France; (J.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Martina Rosa
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Alessandro Laurita
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Alessandro Pistone
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (I.M.)
| | | | - Ilenia Matera
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Faustino Bisaccia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Angela Ostuni
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (M.M.); (M.R.); (A.L.); (A.P.); (I.M.)
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4
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Chisholm T, Hunter CA. Ligand Profiling to Characterize Different Polymorphic Forms of α-Synuclein Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27030-27037. [PMID: 38029411 PMCID: PMC10722502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of amyloid fibrils is a characteristic feature of many diseases, most famously neurodegenerative disease. The supramolecular structure of these fibrils appears to be disease-specific. Identifying the unique morphologies of amyloid fibrils could, therefore, form the basis of a diagnostic tool. Here we report a method to characterize the morphology of α-synuclein (αSyn) fibrils based on profiling multiple different ligand binding sites that are present on the surfaces of fibrils. By employing various competition binding assays, seven different types of binding sites were identified on four different morphologies of αSyn fibrils. Similar binding sites on different fibrils were shown to bind ligands with significantly different affinities. We combined this information to construct individual profiles for different αSyn fibrils based on the distribution of binding sites and ligand interactions. These results demonstrate that ligand-based profiling can be used as an analytical method to characterize fibril morphologies with operationally simple fluorescence binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
S. Chisholm
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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5
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Mondal S, Ghanta KP, Bandyopadhyay S. Microscopic Understanding of the Conformational Stability of the Aggregated Nonamyloid β Components of α-Synuclein. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:1542-1555. [PMID: 36866721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-association of α-synuclein peptides into oligomeric species and ordered amyloid fibrils is associated with Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In particular, the peptide domain formed between the residues Glu-61 (or E61) and Val-95 (or V95) of α-synuclein, typically termed the "nonamyloid β component" (NAC), is known to play critical roles in forming aggregated structures. In this work, we have employed molecular dynamics simulations to explore the conformational properties and relative stabilities of aggregated protofilaments of different orders, namely, tetramer (P(4)), hexamer (P(6)), octamer (P(8)), decamer (P(10)), dodecamer (P(12)), and tetradecamer (P(14)), formed by the NAC domains of α-synuclein. Besides, center-of-mass pulling and umbrella sampling simulation methods have also been employed to characterize the mechanistic pathway of peptide association/dissociation and the corresponding free energy profiles. Structural analysis showed that the disordered C-terminal loop and the central core regions of the peptide units lead to more flexible and distorted structures of the lower order protofilaments (P(4) and P(6)) as compared to the higher order ones. Interestingly, our calculation shows the presence of multiple distinctly populated conformational states for the lower order protofilament P(4), which may drive the oligomerization process along multiple pathways to form different polymorphic α-synuclein fibrillar structures. It is further observed that the nonpolar interaction between the peptides and the corresponding nonpolar solvation free energy play a dominant role in stabilizing the aggregated protofilaments. Importantly, our result showed that reduced cooperativity during the binding of a peptide unit beyond a critical size of the protofilament (P(12)) leads to less favorable binding free energy of a peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Mondal
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Krishna Prasad Ghanta
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sanjoy Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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6
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Disulfide-Mediated Elongation of Amyloid Fibrils of α-Synuclein For Use in Producing Self-Healing Hydrogel and Dye-Absorbing Aerogel. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:52-61. [PMID: 35421616 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their mechanical robustness, biocompatibility, and nanoscale size, amyloid fibrils (AFs) have been considered as a potential nanomaterial for biological applications. Unfortunately, however, AFs are usually not fully extended because of their pre-mature breakage, which hampers their use to generate biocompatible suprastructures, although the amounts of AFs could be amplified via their self-propagation property. Here, we have demonstrated the full extension of AFs of α-synuclein (αS) by introducing a cysteine residue to its C-terminus which prevents the shear-induced fragmentation of AFs via site-directed disulfide bond formation on the exposed surface of AFs. These heat- and cold-resistant elongated AFs were entangled into self-healable hydrogels through a mild disulfide-exchange process in the presence of tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine, which subsequently developed into dye-absorbing aerogels upon freeze-drying without collapsing the three-dimensional internal fibrillar network. The resulting αS aerogel with high porosity and increased surface area was shown to be capable of absorbing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. In addition, the aerogel was further engineered with 8-arm polyethylene glycol containing a sulfhydryl group to increase its drug loading capacity and protease susceptibility for drug unloading. The elongated AFs, therefore, have been suggested to play a pivotal component for the development of bio-nano-matrix for diverse biological applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and environmental remediation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Due to accurate protein self-assembly process, α-synuclein forms an amyloid fibril which are the major component of Lewy bodies. In general, α-synuclein amyloid fibrils break under thermal fluctuations as these nanofibrils elongate to reach certain length. In this study, we have demonstrated the full extension of α-synuclein amyloid fibrils by introducing a cysteine residue to its C-terminus by forming site-directed disulfide bonds on the exposed surface of amyloid fibrils for the first time. The resulting elongated amyloid fibrils were mechanically robust and stable. By using elongated amyloid fibrils, we have made self-healable amyloid fibril hydrogel and dye-absorbing aerogel.
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7
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Ami D, Mereghetti P, Natalello A. Contribution of Infrared Spectroscopy to the Understanding of Amyloid Protein Aggregation in Complex Systems. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:822852. [PMID: 35463965 PMCID: PMC9023755 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.822852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a label-free and non-invasive technique that probes the vibrational modes of molecules, thus providing a structure-specific spectrum. The development of infrared spectroscopic approaches that enable the collection of the IR spectrum from a selected sample area, from micro- to nano-scale lateral resolutions, allowed to extend their application to more complex biological systems, such as intact cells and tissues, thus exerting an enormous attraction in biology and medicine. Here, we will present recent works that illustrate in particular the applications of IR spectroscopy to the in situ characterization of the conformational properties of protein aggregates and to the investigation of the other biomolecules surrounding the amyloids. Moreover, we will discuss the potential of IR spectroscopy to the monitoring of cell perturbations induced by protein aggregates. The essential support of multivariate analyses to objectively pull out the significant and non-redundant information from the spectra of highly complex systems will be also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Diletta Ami, ; Antonino Natalello,
| | | | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Diletta Ami, ; Antonino Natalello,
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8
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De Giorgi F, Uversky VN, Ichas F. α-Synuclein Fibrils as Penrose Machines: A Chameleon in the Gear. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040494. [PMID: 35454083 PMCID: PMC9029340 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1957, Lionel Penrose built the first man-made self-replicating mechanical device and illustrated its function in a series of machine prototypes, prefiguring our current view of the genesis and the proliferation of amyloid fibrils. He invented and demonstrated, with the help of his son Roger, the concepts that decades later, would become the fundamentals of prion and prion-like neurobiology: nucleation, seeding and conformational templating of monomers, linear polymer elongation, fragmentation, and spread. He published his premonitory discovery in a movie he publicly presented at only two conferences in 1958, a movie we thus reproduce here. By making a 30-year-jump in the early 90’s, we evoke the studies performed by Peter Lansbury and his group in which α-Synuclein (α-Syn) was for the first time (i) compared to a prion; (ii) shown to contain a fibrillization-prone domain capable of seeding its own assembly into fibrils; (iii) identified as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), and which, in the early 2000s, (iv) was described by one of us as a protein chameleon. We use these temporally distant breakthroughs to propose that the combination of the chameleon nature of α-Syn with the rigid gear of the Penrose machine is sufficient to account for a phenomenon that is of current interest: the emergence and the spread of a variety of α-Syn fibril strains in α-Synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Giorgi
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: (F.D.G.); (V.N.U.); (F.I.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.G.); (V.N.U.); (F.I.)
| | - François Ichas
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: (F.D.G.); (V.N.U.); (F.I.)
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9
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Giampà M, Amundarain MJ, Herrera MG, Tonali N, Dodero VI. Implementing Complementary Approaches to Shape the Mechanism of α-Synuclein Oligomerization as a Model of Amyloid Aggregation. Molecules 2021; 27:88. [PMID: 35011320 PMCID: PMC8747028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibers is linked to more than forty still incurable cellular and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy, Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes, among others. The process of amyloid formation is a main feature of cell degeneration and disease pathogenesis. Despite being methodologically challenging, a complete understanding of the molecular mechanism of aggregation, especially in the early stages, is essential to find new biological targets for innovative therapies. Here, we reviewed selected examples on α-syn showing how complementary approaches, which employ different biophysical techniques and models, can better deal with a comprehensive study of amyloid aggregation. In addition to the monomer aggregation and conformational transition hypothesis, we reported new emerging theories regarding the self-aggregation of α-syn, such as the alpha-helix rich tetramer hypothesis, whose destabilization induce monomer aggregation; and the liquid-liquid phase separation hypothesis, which considers a phase separation of α-syn into liquid droplets as a primary event towards the evolution to aggregates. The final aim of this review is to show how multimodal methodologies provide a complete portrait of α-syn oligomerization and can be successfully extended to other protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giampà
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
| | - María J. Amundarain
- Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Av. L. N. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca B8000CPB, Argentina;
| | - Maria Georgina Herrera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Nicolò Tonali
- BioCIS, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Veronica I. Dodero
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Bielefeld University, Universitätstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Gadhe L, Sakunthala A, Mukherjee S, Gahlot N, Bera R, Sawner AS, Kadu P, Maji SK. Intermediates of α-synuclein aggregation: Implications in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. Biophys Chem 2021; 281:106736. [PMID: 34923391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic deposition of aberrantly misfolded α-synuclein (α-Syn) is a common feature of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise pathogenic mechanism of α-Syn in synucleinopathies remains elusive. Emerging evidence has suggested that α-Syn may contribute to PD pathogenesis in several ways; wherein the contribution of fibrillar species, for exerting toxicity and disease transmission, cannot be neglected. Further, the oligomeric species could be the most plausible neurotoxic species causing neuronal cell death. However, understanding the structural and molecular insights of these oligomers are very challenging due to the heterogeneity and transient nature of the species. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in understanding the formation and role of α-Syn oligomers in PD pathogenesis. We also summarize the different types of α-Syn oligomeric species and potential mechanisms to exert neurotoxicity. Finally, we address the possible ways to target α-Syn as a promising approach against PD and the possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arunima Sakunthala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nitisha Gahlot
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Riya Bera
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ajay Singh Sawner
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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11
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Mehra S, Gadhe L, Bera R, Sawner AS, Maji SK. Structural and Functional Insights into α-Synuclein Fibril Polymorphism. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1419. [PMID: 34680054 PMCID: PMC8533119 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) is seen in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy body (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and even subsets of Alzheimer's disease (AD) showing Lewy-body-like pathology. These synucleinopathies exhibit differences in their clinical and pathological representations, reminiscent of prion disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that α-Syn self-assembles and polymerizes into conformationally diverse polymorphs in vitro and in vivo, similar to prions. These α-Syn polymorphs arising from the same precursor protein may exhibit strain-specific biochemical properties and the ability to induce distinct pathological phenotypes upon their inoculation in animal models. In this review, we discuss clinical and pathological variability in synucleinopathies and several aspects of α-Syn fibril polymorphism, including the existence of high-resolution molecular structures and brain-derived strains. The current review sheds light on the recent advances in delineating the structure-pathogenic relationship of α-Syn and how diverse α-Syn molecular polymorphs contribute to the existing clinical heterogeneity in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; (L.G.); (R.B.); (A.S.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; (L.G.); (R.B.); (A.S.S.)
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12
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De Giorgi F, Laferrière F, Zinghirino F, Faggiani E, Lends A, Bertoni M, Yu X, Grélard A, Morvan E, Habenstein B, Dutheil N, Doudnikoff E, Daniel J, Claverol S, Qin C, Loquet A, Bezard E, Ichas F. Novel self-replicating α-synuclein polymorphs that escape ThT monitoring can spontaneously emerge and acutely spread in neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/40/eabc4364. [PMID: 33008896 PMCID: PMC7852382 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The conformational strain diversity characterizing α-synuclein (α-syn) amyloid fibrils is thought to determine the different clinical presentations of neurodegenerative diseases underpinned by a synucleinopathy. Experimentally, various α-syn fibril polymorphs have been obtained from distinct fibrillization conditions by altering the medium constituents and were selected by amyloid monitoring using the probe thioflavin T (ThT). We report that, concurrent with classical ThT-positive products, fibrillization in saline also gives rise to polymorphs invisible to ThT (τ-). The generation of τ- fibril polymorphs is stochastic and can skew the apparent fibrillization kinetics revealed by ThT. Their emergence has thus been ignored so far or mistaken for fibrillization inhibitions/failures. They present a yet undescribed atomic organization and show an exacerbated propensity toward self-replication in cortical neurons, and in living mice, their injection into the substantia nigra pars compacta triggers a synucleinopathy that spreads toward the dorsal striatum, the nucleus accumbens, and the insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Giorgi
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, U-1084, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Florent Laferrière
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Federica Zinghirino
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologiche (BIOMETEC), Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italia
| | - Emilie Faggiani
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alons Lends
- Institut de Chimie et de Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, CNRS, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Mathilde Bertoni
- Institut de Chimie et de Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, CNRS, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Xuan Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axelle Grélard
- Institut de Chimie et de Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, CNRS, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Estelle Morvan
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, UMS3033/US001, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Habenstein
- Institut de Chimie et de Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, CNRS, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Nathalie Dutheil
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Evelyne Doudnikoff
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jonathan Daniel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS, UMR 5255, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, China Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Antoine Loquet
- Institut de Chimie et de Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, CNRS, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Erwan Bezard
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - François Ichas
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, U-1084, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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13
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Morphological Evaluation of Meta-stable Oligomers of α-Synuclein with Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14295. [PMID: 30250173 PMCID: PMC6155208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenesis of α-synuclein (αS) is considered to be a pathological phenomenon related to Parkinson’s disease (PD). As a key component to reveal the fibrillation mechanism and toxicity, we have investigated an oligomeric species of αS capable of exhibiting the unit-assembly process leading to accelerated amyloid fibril formation. These oligomers previously shown to exist in a meta-stable state with mostly disordered structure and unable to seed the fibrillation were converted to either temperature-sensitive self-associative oligomers or NaCl-induced non-fibrillating oligomeric species. Despite their transient and disordered nature, the structural information of meta-stable αS oligomers (Meta-αS-Os) was successfully evaluated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique. By fitting the neutron scattering data with polydisperse Gaussian Coil (pGC) model, Meta-αS-O was analyzed as a sphere with approximate diameter of 100 Å. Its overall shape altered drastically with subtle changes in temperature between 37 °C and 43 °C, which would be responsible for fibrillar polymorphism. Based on their bifurcating property of Meta-αS-Os leading to either on-pathway or off-pathway species, the oligomers could be suggested as a crucial intermediate responsible for the oligomeric diversification and multiple fibrillation processes. Therefore, Meta-αS-Os could be considered as a principal target to control the amyloidogenesis and its pathogenesis.
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14
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Hong CS, Park JH, Lee S, Rhoo KY, Lee JT, Paik SR. Fabrication of Protease-Sensitive and Light-Responsive Microcapsules Encompassed with Single Layer of Gold Nanoparticles by Using Self-Assembly Protein of α-Synuclein. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26628-26640. [PMID: 30052414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A bioapplicable cargo delivery system requires the following characteristics of biocompatibility, in vivo stability, and selective cargo release at target sites. We introduce herein the microcapsules enclosed with a single-layered shell of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mutually connected by an amyloidogenic protein of α-synuclein (αS). The microcapsules were fabricated by producing oil(chloroform)-in-water Pickering emulsions of the αS-encapsulated AuNPs and subsequent molecular engagement of the outlying αS molecules, leading to formidable β-sheet formation in the presence of chloroform. The wrinkled skin of microcapsules obtained after evaporation of the internal chloroform also reflects robustness of the protein-protein interaction, which was experimentally confirmed by their rheological stability. For the emulsions loaded with rhodamine 6G, their dye release was demonstrated to be controlled by proteases. Along with their photothermal activity, the AuNP-containing microcapsules and their proteolyzed fragments were therefore suggested to be capable of eliminating aberrant cells in the protease-activated pathologically affected areas. Orthogonal cargo loading was also achieved by encapsulating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances either directly dissolved in chloroform or prepackaged in inverted micelles, respectively. Microcapsule's functionality was further expanded by localizing quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, and antibodies inside or on the surface of the microcapsules. Taken together, these multimodal AuNP microcapsules are suggested to be an ideal cargo carrier system, which could be employed in not only biomedical theranostic applications as they exhibit structural robustness, specific targeting, triggered release, and photothermal activity but also sensor development in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Suk Hong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Soonkoo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Kun Yil Rhoo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Jong Tak Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Seung R Paik
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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15
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Maury CPJ. Amyloid and the origin of life: self-replicating catalytic amyloids as prebiotic informational and protometabolic entities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1499-1507. [PMID: 29550973 PMCID: PMC5897472 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A crucial stage in the origin of life was the emergence of the first molecular entity that was able to replicate, transmit information, and evolve on the early Earth. The amyloid world hypothesis posits that in the pre-RNA era, information processing was based on catalytic amyloids. The self-assembly of short peptides into β-sheet amyloid conformers leads to extraordinary structural stability and novel multifunctionality that cannot be achieved by the corresponding nonaggregated peptides. The new functions include self-replication, catalytic activities, and information transfer. The environmentally sensitive template-assisted replication cycles generate a variety of amyloid polymorphs on which evolutive forces can act, and the fibrillar assemblies can serve as scaffolds for the amyloids themselves and for ribonucleotides proteins and lipids. The role of amyloid in the putative transition process from an amyloid world to an amyloid-RNA-protein world is not limited to scaffolding and protection: the interactions between amyloid, RNA, and protein are both complex and cooperative, and the amyloid assemblages can function as protometabolic entities catalyzing the formation of simple metabolite precursors. The emergence of a pristine amyloid-based in-put sensitive, chiroselective, and error correcting information-processing system, and the evolvement of mutualistic networks were, arguably, of essential importance in the dynamic processes that led to increased complexity, organization, compartmentalization, and, eventually, the origin of life.
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16
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Yang JE, Rhoo KY, Lee S, Lee JT, Park JH, Bhak G, Paik SR. EGCG-mediated Protection of the Membrane Disruption and Cytotoxicity Caused by the 'Active Oligomer' of α-Synuclein. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17945. [PMID: 29263416 PMCID: PMC5738379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea, has been re-evaluated with α-synuclein (αS), a pathological constituent of Parkinson’s disease, to elaborate its therapeutic value. EGCG has been demonstrated to not only induce the off-pathway ‘compact’ oligomers of αS as suggested previously, but also drastically enhance the amyloid fibril formation of αS. Considering that the EGCG-induced amyloid fibrils could be a product of on-pathway SDS-sensitive ‘transient’ oligomers, the polyphenol effect on the transient ‘active’ oligomers (AOs) was investigated. By facilitating the fibril formation and thus eliminating the toxic AOs, EGCG was shown to suppress the membrane disrupting radiating amyloid fibril formation on the surface of liposomal membranes and thus protect the cells which could be readily affected by AOs. Taken together, EGCG has been suggested to exhibit its protective effect against the αS-mediated cytotoxicity by not only producing the off-pathway ‘compact’ oligomers, but also facilitating the conversion of ‘active’ oligomers into amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Eun Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Yil Rhoo
- Interdisciplinary program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonkoo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Tak Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghibom Bhak
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung R Paik
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary program of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Uversky VN. Looking at the recent advances in understanding α-synuclein and its aggregation through the proteoform prism. F1000Res 2017; 6:525. [PMID: 28491292 PMCID: PMC5399969 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10536.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite attracting the close attention of multiple researchers for the past 25 years, α-synuclein continues to be an enigma, hiding sacred truth related to its structure, function, and dysfunction, concealing mechanisms of its pathological spread within the affected brain during disease progression, and, above all, covering up the molecular mechanisms of its multipathogenicity, i.e. the ability to be associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. The goal of this article is to present the most recent advances in understanding of this protein and its aggregation and to show that the remarkable structural, functional, and dysfunctional multifaceted nature of α-synuclein can be understood using the proteoform concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 7 Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding Of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Av., 194064 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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18
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Guo Y, Hou J, Zhang X, Yang Y, Wang C. Stabilization Effect of Amino Acid Side Chains in Peptide Assemblies on Graphite Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:926-934. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao 100190 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jingfei Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao 100190 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao 100190 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao 100190 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience & CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology; No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao 100190 Beijing P.R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District 100049 Beijing P.R. China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 320 Yue Yang Road 200031 Shanghai P.R. China
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