1
|
Zhang J, Ren Y, Huang B, Tao B, Ransborg Pedersen M, Li D. Determination of disialoganglioside GD3 and monosialoganglioside GM3 in infant formulas and whey protein concentrates by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:937-46. [PMID: 22589154 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201101039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Yiping Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Baifen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Baohua Tao
- Zhejiang Beingmate Scientific-Industrial-Trade Share Co., Ltd.; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | | | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Norris C, Fong B, MacGibbon A, McJarrow P. Analysis of Phospholipids in Rat Brain Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Lipids 2009; 44:1047-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
3
|
Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Quantitative Analysis of Gangliosides. Lipids 2009; 44:867-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
4
|
Martínez-Abundis E, García N, Correa F, Franco M, Zazueta C. Changes in specific lipids regulate BAX-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. FEBS J 2007; 274:6500-10. [PMID: 18028444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests the existence of lipid microdomains in mitochondria, apparently coexisting as structural elements with some of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore-forming proteins and members of the Bcl-2 family. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of the main components of membrane microdomains (e.g. cholesterol and sphingolipids) in activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) by recombinant BAX (rBAX). For this purpose, we used chemically modified renal cortex mitochondria and renal cortex mitochondria from hypothyroid rats that show a modified mitochondrial lipid composition in vivo. Oligomeric rBAX induced an enhanced permeability conformation in the mPTP of control mitochondria. rBAX failed to induce mPTP opening when the cholesterol and ganglioside content of mitochondria were modified with the chelator methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Accordingly, hypothyroid mitochondria, with endogenously lower cholesterol and ganglioside content, showed resistance to mPTP opening induced by rBAX. These observations suggest that enriched cholesterol and ganglioside domains in the mitochondrial membranes may determine BAX interaction with the mPTP. An intriguing observation was that chemical extraction of cholesterol and ganglioside in control mitochondria did not have an effect on rBAX insertion. Conversely, in hypothyroid mitochondria, rBAX insertion was diminished dramatically compared with control mitochondria. The membrane and protein changes associated with thyroid status and their possible role in rBAX docking into the membranes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-Abundis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Demopoulos CA, Kyrili M, Antonopoulou S, Andrikopoulos NK. Separation of Several Main Glycolipids into Classes and Partially into Species by HPLC and UV-Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079608005536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Demopoulos
- a University of Athens, Department of Chemistry , Panepistimioupolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - M. Kyrili
- a University of Athens, Department of Chemistry , Panepistimioupolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - S. Antonopoulou
- a University of Athens, Department of Chemistry , Panepistimioupolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - N. K. Andrikopoulos
- b Harokopio University of Home Economics, Department of Dietetics , 70 E. Venizelou Street, 17671, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Müthing
- Technical Faculty, Institute for Cell Culture Technology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hiraiwa M, Martin BM, Kishimoto Y, Conner GE, Tsuji S, O'Brien JS. Lysosomal proteolysis of prosaposin, the precursor of saposins (sphingolipid activator proteins): its mechanism and inhibition by ganglioside. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 341:17-24. [PMID: 9143348 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.9958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Saposins A, B, C, and D, which are required for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingolipids by specific lysosomal hydrolases, are produced by proteolytic processing of their common precursor protein, prosaposin. Our previous observation suggested that lysosomal cathepsin D may be involved in the proteolysis of prosaposin. Herein we report the involvement of cathepsin D in the proteolytic processing of prosaposin. An antibody against human placental cathepsin D blocked the proteolytic activity toward prosaposin in a human testicular lysosomal protease mixture (glycoprotein fraction). On immunoblot analysis using a monoclonal antibody against human saposin C, cathepsin D showed a similar proteolytic pattern as that of a human testicular glycoprotein fraction and hydrolyzed prosaposin into products of 48 and 29 kDa. The Km and Vmax values were 0.9 microM and 167 nmol/h/mg, respectively. N-Terminal sequence analysis indicated that the 48-kDa band was a mixture of two trisaposins, including domains for saposins A, B, and C and saposins B, C, and D, respectively. A similar study also showed that the 29-kDa band contained two disaposins, including domains for saposins A and B and saposins C and D, respectively. By longer treatment with cathepsin D, disaposins were further processed into mature saposin A and small fragments (14.5-17.5 kDa) containing individual saposins and portions of interdomain sequences. These small fragments were no longer processed by cathepsin D, but trimmed to fragments having similar molecular sizes (10.5-11.5 kDa) to those of mature saposins by a rat lysosome preparation. These findings indicated that cathepsin D is involved in the maturation of saposins but that, in addition to cathepsin D, other proteases appear to be involved in the maturation of saposin B, C, and D in lysosomes. Gangliosides, which specifically form complexes with prosaposin and saposins, inhibit proteolysis of prosaposin by cathepsin D. This finding indicates that prosaposin may be protected from lysosomal proteolysis by forming a complex with gangliosides in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hiraiwa
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Kadowaki H, Grant M. Relationship of membrane phospholipid composition, lactosylceramide molecular species, and the specificity of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase to the molecular species composition of GM3 ganglioside. J Lipid Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
11
|
Ng Ying Kin NM, Pan LH, Louvaris JH, Robitaille Y, Nair NP. Differential changes in regional brain ganglioside and neutral glycosphingolipid contents in Alzheimer's disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 363:57-63. [PMID: 7618530 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1857-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
Menzeleev R, Krasnopolsky Y, Zvonkova E, Shvets V. Preparative separation of ganglioside GM3 by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)87089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Effect of membrane lipids on the lactosylceramide molecular species specificity of CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase. J Lipid Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
14
|
Hiraiwa M, Soeda S, Kishimoto Y, O'Brien JS. Binding and transport of gangliosides by prosaposin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:11254-8. [PMID: 1454804 PMCID: PMC50528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosaposin, the precursor of saposins A, B, C, and D, which activate lysosomal hydrolysis of sphingolipids, exists in various tissues and body fluids and is especially abundant in the nervous system. Prosaposin and saposins A,B, C, and D formed stable complexes with 13 different gangliosides as measured by an assay using column chromatography. Gangliosides of the gangliotetraose type (a series) were bound with high affinity, whereas b series gangliosides, O-acetylated gangliosides, and gangliosides with shorter carbohydrate chains, were bound with lower affinity. Prosaposin and saposins transferred gangliosides from donor liposomes to erythrocyte ghost membranes. Prosaposin also stimulated ganglioside GM1 beta-galactosidase more than mature saposins. Prosaposin exists as a secretory protein and as an integral membrane protein, and we propose that prosaposin is active as a ganglioside binding and transport protein in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hiraiwa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla 92093
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Endogenous glycosphingolipids move to the cell surface at a rate consistent with bulk flow estimates. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)49798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
16
|
Cecconi O, Ruggieri S, Mugnai G. Use of N-acetylpsychosine as internal standard for quantitative high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of glycosphingolipids. J Chromatogr A 1991; 555:267-71. [PMID: 1819276 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of N-acetylpsychosine as an internal standard for the quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of p-nitrobenzoyl derivatives of glycosphingolipids is described. It is suitable because the chromogen reacts on equimolar basis with both N-acetylpsychosine and sample glycosphingolipids. The use of N-acetylpsychosine as an internal standard was validated by determining the glycosphingolipid content of a system of metastatic variants selected from a murine fibrosarcoma line (T3 cells). Reproducible results were obtained throughout several quantitative analyses of cellular glycosphingolipids and it was possible to determine the glycosphingolipid content of as few as 5 x 10(6) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Cecconi
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Merritt MV, Sheeley DM, Reinhold VN. Characterization of glycosphingolipids by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 1991; 193:24-34. [PMID: 1904202 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90038-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides have been characterized by supercritical fluid chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry (SFC-CIMS) as permethyl and pertrimethylsilyl derivatives, using carbon dioxide as the SFC mobile phase and CI reagent gas. Ganglioside classes and ceramide heterogeneity within each class are well resolved by SFC. Direct SFC-interfacing allows the analytical manipulations of single-ion monitoring, total-ion plots, background subtraction, library searches, and spectral reconstruction algorithms. Addition of ammonia to the CI ion chamber (NH3 as a CI reagent gas) yields abundant molecular-weight-related ions, (MH)+ and (MNH4)+ from analyte derivatives. Substitution of methanol for ammonia yields considerable parent-ion fragmentation, providing structural information on carbohydrate sequence, fatty acid, and sphingoid components. Under these latter conditions a unique alpha-cleavage fragment is observed which differentiates fatty acid from sphingosine heterogeneity. For ganglioside samples, the carboxyl group of neuraminyl residue(s) have been esterified with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and the products analyzed by negative ion chemical ionization MS. This modification improves chemical selectivity and greatly enhances detecting sensitivity. These "soft" ionization conditions provide abundant molecular-weight-related anions for collision-induced dissociation and subpicogram detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Merritt
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Morimoto S, Yamamoto Y, O'Brien JS, Kishimoto Y. Determination of saposin proteins (sphingolipid activator proteins) in human tissues. Anal Biochem 1990; 190:154-7. [PMID: 2127157 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Saposins are small glycoproteins which are required for sphingolipid hydrolysis by lysosomal hydrolases. Each saposin (A, B, C, and D) stimulates a different enzymatic activity. A new simple HPLC method to determine the levels of saposins A, C, and D in tissue was developed. Tissues were homogenized in 20 vol of water, boiled, and centrifuged. The supernatant was lyophilized and redissolved in 5 ml of water. A 1.5-ml sample of the solution was applied to a reverse-phase HPLC column (C4 column) and eluted with an acetonitrile gradient. Most contaminants eluted from the column prior to the saposins, which were eluted later as a cluster of peaks. This cluster was collected and then analyzed by another HPLC system equipped with an AX-300 anion-exchange column using a NaCl gradient. Saposins D, A, and C eluted from the AX-300 column separately and in that order. Quantitation of the saposins was made by measuring the sizes of each peak. Standard curves made from pure saposins showed that quantification was linear over a range from 1 to 5 micrograms. Saposin B was measured by its stimulation activity on pure human liver GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase. Stimulation was linear up to 80 micrograms of saposin B. Application of this method to analysis of human tissues for their saposin content is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Morimoto
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
O'Brien JS, Storb R, Raff RF, Harding J, Appelbaum F, Morimoto S, Kishimoto Y, Graham T, Ahern-Rindell A, O'Brien SL. Bone marrow transplantation in canine GM1 gangliosidosis. Clin Genet 1990; 38:274-80. [PMID: 2125250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1990.tb03581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was carried out in an 81-day-old Portuguese water dog with GM1 gangliosidosis using a DLA identical sibling as donor. Engraftment was complete and beta-galactosidase activity in leukocytes of the transplanted dog were similar to those in the donor. Over the next 2.5 months neurological deterioration in the transplanted dog was similar to that in untreated dogs with GM1 gangliosidosis. Cerebral ganglioside GM1 concentrations were not diminished by bone marrow transplantation and cerebral beta-galactosidase activity was negligible. We conclude that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation early in life is ineffective in canine GM1 gangliosidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S O'Brien
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kadowaki H, Evans JE, Rys-Sikora KE, Koff RS. Effect of differentiation and cell density on glycosphingolipid class and molecular species composition of mouse neuroblastoma NB2a cells. J Neurochem 1990; 54:2125-37. [PMID: 2338562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cell density and retinoic acid-induced differentiation on the class and molecular species composition of mouse neuroblastoma NB2a cell glycosphingolipids were examined under conditions where the period of culture was controlled. The total amount of neutral glycosphingolipids per cell decreased both with differentiation and as the cells became confluent. The relative amount of the neutral glycosphingolipid classes was not affected by differentiation, whereas there were small but significant changes in the relative amount of the neutral glycosphingolipid classes as the cells became confluent. The total amount of the gangliosides was unaffected by either differentiation or cell density, but there were significant changes in the ganglioside class composition as a result of both cell density and differentiation, and the effects were additive. The molecular species of all the major neutral glycosphingolipid and ganglioside classes were essentially identical, and were altered only slightly by either differentiation or cell density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Kadowaki
- Department of Medicine, Framingham Union Hospital, Massachusetts 01701
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morimoto S, Kishimoto Y, Tomich J, Weiler S, Ohashi T, Barranger JA, Kretz KA, O'Brien JS. Interaction of saposins, acidic lipids, and glucosylceramidase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
22
|
Gandini C, Kitsos M, Massolini G, de Lorenzi E, Soldi A, Caccialanza G, Kirschner G. Determination of gangliosides in parenteral dosage form by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1990; 8:1063-6. [PMID: 2100588 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(90)80171-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Gandini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lactosylceramide molecular species specificity of rat liver CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase. J Lipid Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
24
|
Saitoh H, Ebina M, Fukuda S, Iseki K, Miyazaki K, Arita T. Involvement of sialic acid in high-affinity binding of quaternary ammonium compounds by brush border membrane from rat intestine. J Pharm Pharmacol 1989; 41:459-63. [PMID: 2570850 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1989.tb06500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As one approach to clarify the absorption mechanisms of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), their binding characteristics have been studied using brush border membrane vesicles isolated from rat small intestine and liposomes composed of phospholipid and GM3 ganglioside. The binding of propantheline was significantly decreased when the vesicles were pretreated with neuraminidase. Propantheline and methochlorpromazine bound to the liposomes, the binding for the latter drug being significantly greater than that for propantheline. When GM3, isolated from rat small intestine, was incorporated into the liposomes their binding capacity for both drugs increased significantly. It is suggested that the binding of QACs to the lipid layer and sialic acid play a role in the high binding of drugs to the intestinal brush border membrane. Furthermore, a sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method for sialic acid has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Saitoh
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tanaka T, Arai Y, Kishimoto Y. Characterization and regional distribution of individual gangliosides in goldfish central nervous system. J Neurochem 1989; 52:1931-6. [PMID: 2723647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides were partially purified from goldfish brain and fractionated by DEAE Fractogel column chromatography. Each fraction was then analyzed by HPTLC and also by HPLC after conversion of the gangliosides to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazides. The tetrasialoganglioside GQ1c was found to constitute more than 50% of the total gangliosides. Gangliosides in smaller quantities were also tentatively identified. These included GT1b, GT1c, GT2, GT3, GD1a, and several others. By using this information, the amounts of individual gangliosides in various regions of goldfish central nervous system were compared. Although all areas of brain examined contained similar concentrations of gangliosides, with GQ1c as the predominant component, retina and optic nerve contained significantly lower concentrations of GQ1c, and GM3 was the major component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Kennedy Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Separation of derivatized glycosphingolipids into individual molecular species by high performance liquid chromatography. J Lipid Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
27
|
Abstract
Beta-hexosaminidase activity and the effects of ganglioside storage on neuronal function were examined in a German shorthair pointer (GSHP) with progressive neurodegenerative signs. Morphologic evidence of neuronal storage and massive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside were present. Beta-hexosaminidase activity in plasma, liver, kidney, and brain, assayed with use of unsulfated fluorogenic substrates, was normal. There was no pathologic accumulation or aberrant localization of phosphorylated neurofilaments in neurons. Activity of cortical neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes, choline acetyltransferase, and glutamate decarboxylase was unaffected. Ligand binding to carrier sites for choline high affinity uptake identified with [3H]hemicholinium-3 was increased, whereas post-synaptic binding to muscarinic cholinergic ([3H]QNB) and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors ([3H]muscimol) was reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Singer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tanaka T, Miyazaki K, Kishimoto Y, Stoskopf M, Kan LS, Demirev P, Fenselau C, Ando S. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazides of polysialogangliosides. Chem Phys Lipids 1988; 48:261-6. [PMID: 3242954 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(88)90096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine HCl in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, converts gangliosides to their dinitrophenylhydrazides. This derivatization is the basis of a useful method for HPLC determination of gangliosides (K. Miyazaki, N. Okamura, Y. Kishimoto and Y. C. Lee (1986) Biochem. J. 235, 755-761). This procedure, however, yields two different GT1b products. By characterizing these two products using plasma desorption mass spectrometry, proton magnetic resonance and other chemical and physical techniques, we found that either one or two of the three sialic acid carboxyl groups in GT1b, were converted to dinitrophenylhydrazides. The remaining underivatized carboxyl groups formed lactones with hydroxyl groups from other carbohydrate residues. Also, while sialic acid residues of GD1a were fully derivatized, only one sialic acid in GD1b, two sialic acids in GT1a and two in GQ1b were converted to dinitrophenylhydrazides, the remaining carboxyl groups probably forming lactones. Sialic acid residues between galactose of the gangliotetraose chain and another sialic acid in polysialogangliosides appear to be underivatized possibly because of steric hindrance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Kennedy Institute, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatographic systems have been developed which use DEAE-Iatrobeads and Aquasil SS or amino-silica gel to attain fine separation of gangliosides in a short time. Two UV-transparent solvent systems containing potassium chloride or tetramethylammonium chloride were devised and optimized, especially for the separation of polysialogangliosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ando
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tennekoon GI, Yoshino J, Peden KW, Bigbee J, Rutkowski JL, Kishimoto Y, DeVries GH, McKhann GM. Transfection of neonatal rat Schwann cells with SV-40 large T antigen gene under control of the metallothionein promoter. J Cell Biol 1987; 105:2315-25. [PMID: 2824529 PMCID: PMC2114872 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.105.5.2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary cultures of Schwann cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the SV-40 T antigen gene expressed under the control of the mouse metallothionein-I promoter. We used the calcium phosphate method for transfection and obtained a transfection efficiency of 0.01%. The colonies were cloned by limited dilution, and these cloned cell lines were carried in medium containing zinc chloride (100 microM). One cloned cell line, which has now been carried for 180 doublings, appears to have a transformed phenotype with a doubling time of 20 h. These cells express SV-40 T antigen while maintaining established Schwann cell properties (positive staining for 217c, Ran-2, A5E3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, presence of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase [CNPase] activity, and the ability to synthesize sulfogalactosylceramide and mRNA for the myelin protein, P0). Removal of zinc chloride from the medium resulted in reduced expression of T antigen and a change in the appearance of the cells to a more bipolar shape, although they still did not exhibit contact inhibition and maintained a doubling time of 20 h. These cells now became Ran-2-negative and showed increases in CNPase activity and in their ability to synthesize sulfogalactosylceramide. The amount of P0 mRNA remained unchanged. Transfected Schwann cells, however, stopped dividing when they contacted either basal lamina or neurites and became bipolar in appearance. The Schwann cells in contact with the neurites then extended processes to wrap around bundles of neurites. Transfection with the SV-40 T antigen gene therefore provides a method for obtaining Schwann cell lines that continue to express properties associated with untransfected cells in culture and may be used to study axon-Schwann cell interaction.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cells, Cultured
- Ganglia, Spinal/cytology
- Ganglia, Spinal/ultrastructure
- Genes
- Genes, Viral
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Microscopy, Electron
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Schwann Cells/cytology
- Schwann Cells/immunology
- Schwann Cells/ultrastructure
- Simian virus 40/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G I Tennekoon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|