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Friedrich RM, Friestad GK. Inspirations from tetrafibricin and related polyketides: new methods and strategies for 1,5-polyol synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1229-1261. [PMID: 32412021 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019 Selective synthesis with control of remote stereogenic centers has long been a challenge in organic chemistry. In recent years the interest in this topic has been energized by isolation and synthetic studies of tetrafibricin and other natural products containing 1,5-polyols, such as amphidinol 3, marinomycins, and caylobolide. Here we discuss recent developments in 1,5-polyol synthesis, including an overview of selected bioactive natural products in this class and examples of new synthetic methodologies and strategies dedicated to remote stereocontrol in these structures. To illustrate in greater depth, we review several instructive examples of how these innovations have been applied in synthetic studies on tetrafibricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
| | - Gregory K Friestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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2
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Friedrich RM, Bell JQ, Garcia A, Shen Z, Friestad GK. Unified Strategy for 1,5,9- and 1,5,7-Triols via Configuration-Encoded 1,5-Polyol Synthesis: Preparation and Coupling of C15-C25 and C26-C40 Fragments of Tetrafibricin. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13650-13669. [PMID: 30372076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diverse classes of natural products contain chiral 1,5,9- and 1,5,7-triol stereotriads, including the novel fibrinogen receptor antagonist tetrafibricin. Biological activities associated with compounds containing these motifs warrant targeted synthetic strategies to 1,5-polyol families from cheap and easily accessible reagents while avoiding the need to determine configurations at each alcohol stereocenter. In the accompanying paper, we present a solution to these problems via an iterative configuration-encoded strategy that exploits Julia-Kocienski couplings of enantiopure α-silyloxy-γ-sulfononitrile building blocks. The stereocontrol is unambiguous, and the building blocks are available in multigram quantities via asymmetric catalysis. This approach efficiently accessed a C26-C40 subunit of tetrafibricin that contains a syn, syn-1,5,9-triol and all of the stereochemistry and functionality needed to advance toward tetrafibricin. A modification afforded the anti, syn-1,5,7-triol within the C15-C25 fragment of tetrafibricin by merging 1,5-polyol synthesis with diastereoselective intramolecular conjugate addition. The union of the C15-C25 and C26-C40 fragments was achieved via a BF3·OEt2-mediated Mukaiyama aldol construction with high 1,3- anti stereoinduction, revealing some unexpected insights on the impact of silyl protecting groups on 1,3- anti diastereocontrol by a β-siloxyaldehyde aldol acceptor. Directed 1,3- anti reduction completed the stereostructure of the C15-C40 portion of tetrafibricin, with configurations established by a combination of NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Jay Q Bell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Alfredo Garcia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Zican Shen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
| | - Gregory K Friestad
- Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa 52242 , United States
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3
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Friedrich RM, Friestad GK. Access to ananti,syn-1,5,7-Triol by Configuration-Encoded 1,5-Polyol Synthesis: The C15-C25 Fragment of Tetrafibricin. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry; University of Iowa; 52242 Iowa City Iowa USA
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4
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Itoh T, Montgomery TP, Recio A, Krische MJ. Asymmetric alcohol C-H allylation and syn-crotylation: C9-C20 of tetrafibricin. Org Lett 2014; 16:820-3. [PMID: 24422777 PMCID: PMC3932543 DOI: 10.1021/ol403566w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The C9-C20 segment of the fibrinogen receptor inhibitor tetrafibricin was prepared in 10 steps (longest linear sequence). Ruthenium catalyzed enantioselective syn-crotylation is used to construct C9-C13. Iridium catalyzed asymmetric alcohol C-H allylation of a commercial malic acid derived alcohol is used to construct C14-C20. Recovery and recycling of the iridium catalyst is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Itoh
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712
| | - T. Patrick Montgomery
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Antonio Recio
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712
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Nuhant P, Roush WR. Enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of N-acetyl dihydrotetrafibricin methyl ester. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:5340-3. [PMID: 23530855 PMCID: PMC3679187 DOI: 10.1021/ja401918r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective synthesis of N-acetyl dihydrotetrafibricin methyl ester (34) is described. The synthesis features three enantioselective double allylboration reactions and an intramolecular hydrosilylation/Fleming-Tamao oxidation sequence to establish seven of the hydroxy-bearing stereocenters of 34. Especially noteworthy is the fragment-assembly double allyboration reaction of 2 and 7 using reagent 3, which provides the advanced intermediate 6 with >20:1 diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Nuhant
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - William R. Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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6
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Nuhant P, Kister J, Lira R, Sorg A, Roush WR. Development of a Double Allylboration Reagent Targeting 1,5-syn-(E)-Diols: Application to the Synthesis of the C(23)-C(40) Fragment of Tetrafibricin. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:6497-6512. [PMID: 21857752 PMCID: PMC3156408 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the synthesis of the C(23)-C(40) fragment 2 of tetrafibricin prompted us to develop a new method for the synthesis of 1,5-syn-(E)-diols. Toward this end, the kinetically controlled hydroboration of allenes 6, 33, ent-39, 42 and 45 with the Soderquist borane 25R were studied. Tetrabutylammonium allenyltrifluoroborate 45 gave superior results and was utilized in a double allylboration sequence with two different aldehydes to provide the targeted 1,5-syn-(E)-diols in generally high yields (72-98%), and with high enantioselectivity (>95% e.e.), diastereoselectivity (d.r. >20:1), and (E)/(Z) selectivity (>20:1). This new method was applied to the synthesis of the C(23)-C(40) fragment 2 of tetrafibricin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - William R. Roush
- Departments of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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Kumpulainen ETT, Kang B, Krische MJ. C(21)-C(40) of tetrafibricin via metal catalysis: beyond stoichiometric chiral reagents, auxiliaries, and premetalated nucleophiles. Org Lett 2011; 13:2484-7. [PMID: 21469726 PMCID: PMC3084888 DOI: 10.1021/ol200735r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The C(21)-C(40) fragment of fibrinogen receptor inhibitor tetrafibricin was prepared in 12 steps from propane diol (longest linear sequence). In this approach, 6 C-C bonds are formed via asymmetric iridium catalyzed transfer hydrogenative carbonyl allylation and 2 C═C bonds are formed via Grubbs olefin cross-metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esa T. T. Kumpulainen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Byungsoo Kang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Austin, TX 78712
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Kister J, Nuhant P, Lira R, Sorg A, Roush WR. Enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of (E)-1,5-syn-diols: application to the synthesis of the C(23)-C(40) fragment of tetrafibricin. Org Lett 2011; 13:1868-71. [PMID: 21375316 PMCID: PMC3064748 DOI: 10.1021/ol2003836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective synthesis of (E)-1,5-syn-diols 6 is described. The kinetically controlled hydroboration of allenyltrifluoroborate 8 with Soderquist borane 2 provides the (Z)-allylic trifluoroborate 9, which undergoes sequential allylboration with two different aldehydes to provide (E)-1,5-syn-diols 6 in 72-98% yields with >95% ee and >20:1 dr. Application of this method to the synthesis of the tetrafibricin C(23)-C(40) fragment 19 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kister
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | | | - Ricardo Lira
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Achim Sorg
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458
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Friestad GK, Sreenilayam G. Versatile Configuration-Encoded Strategy for Rapid Synthesis of 1,5-Polyol Stereoisomers. Org Lett 2010; 12:5016-9. [PMID: 20939544 DOI: 10.1021/ol1021417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K. Friestad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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10
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Abstract
With use of the NMR databases in achiral and chiral solvents, the complete stereochemistry of tetrafibricin (1) has been elucidated without degradation of the carbon framework. [structure--see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Dickfeld T, Ruf A, Pogatsa-Murray G, Müller I, Engelmann B, Taubitz W, Fischer J, Meier O, Gawaz M. Differential antiplatelet effects of various glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists. Thromb Res 2001; 101:53-64. [PMID: 11342206 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The blockade of platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) was recently introduced as a new antiplatelet strategy. At present, various GPIIb-IIIa inhibitors are available to treat patients with acute coronary syndrome or when undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. The current study systematically evaluates the antiplatelet effects of GPIIb-IIIa inhibitors in clinical use. Using conformation-dependent monoclonal antibodies [ligand-induced binding sites (LIBS-1), PMI-1] and flow cytometry, we showed that the GPIIb-IIIa antagonists abciximab, integrelin, lamifiban, and tirofiban, but not EMD 122347 or YM 337, induced LIBS activity of platelet GPIIb-IIIa. The LIBS activity of GPIIb-IIIa antagonists correlates with a proaggregatory response of fixed platelets pretreated with GPIIb-IIIa antagonists (intrinsic activity). All tested GPIIb-IIIa antagonists completely inhibit concentration-dependent ADP (20 micromol/l)-induced aggregation. In contrast, substantial TRAP (25 micromol/l)-induced platelet aggregation still occurs even at high inhibitor concentrations of the tested GPIIb-IIIa antagonists. In addition, we show that GPIIb-IIIa antagonists are poor inhibitors of platelet release reaction (ATP and P-selectin secretion) especially when strong agonists such as TRAP are used to activate platelets. Inhibition of platelet procoagulant activity (thrombin generation) by GPIIb-IIIa antagonists is dependent on the type and concentration of antagonists and on the strength of stimulus (thrombin, tissue factor) used to induce platelet-dependent thrombin generation. The present data show that significant pharmacological differences exist between GPIIb-IIIa antagonists that may have consequences for antithrombotic strategies and for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dickfeld
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
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12
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Egbertson MS, Bednar B, Askew BC, Bednar RA, Brashear K, Breslin MJ, Duggan ME, Fisher TE, Halczenko W, Hutchinson JH, Ihle N, Prugh JD, Wai JS, Gould RJ, Hartman GD. Nonpeptide GPIIB/IIIA receptor antagonists. Part 21: C-6 flexibility and amide bond orientation are important factors in determining the affinity of compounds for activated or resting platelet receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1943-8. [PMID: 10987423 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compound affinity for activated and resting GPIIb/IIIa receptors may differ, and comparison of those differences determines selectivity. Structural features that influence selectivity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Egbertson
- Merck Research Laboratories, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Induction of Fibrinogen Binding and Platelet Aggregation as a Potential Intrinsic Property of Various Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (IIbβ3) Inhibitors. Blood 1998. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v92.9.3240.421k21_3240_3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The blockade of platelet integrin glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa is a promising new antiplatelet strategy. The binding of ligands or of the ligand-mimetic peptide RGD causes a conformational change of GP IIb/IIIa from the nonactivated to the activated state. Because several blocking agents/inhibitors are ligand-mimetics, the current study evaluates whether these agents have the intrinsic property to activate GP IIb/IIIa. Fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa on platelets or on CHO cells expressing recombinant GP IIb/IIIa was evaluated by flow cytometry or 125I-labeled fibrinogen. Incubation with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) fragment c7E3 (abciximab) results in fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa and in the access of ligand-induced binding sites. At low concentrations (0.01 to 0.1 μg/mL), this intrinsic activating property of c7E3 can result in platelet aggregation. The disintegrin flavorodin and the RGD analogue fradafiban also induce fibrinogen binding, whereas the blocking MoAbs 2G12 and P2 and the activation-specific MoAb PAC-1 do not. Aspirin and indomethacin cannot block c7E3-induced fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa, but can inhibit c7E3-induced platelet aggregation. Thus, we conclude that GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors can demonstrate an intrinsic activating property, which can result in fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa and consequently in platelet aggregation. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors can inhibit platelet aggregation caused by GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Further studies will have to evaluate the clinical relevance of the potential intrinsic activating property of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors and define consequences for the future drug development and evaluation of these potent antiplatelet agents.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Induction of Fibrinogen Binding and Platelet Aggregation as a Potential Intrinsic Property of Various Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (IIbβ3) Inhibitors. Blood 1998. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v92.9.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe blockade of platelet integrin glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa is a promising new antiplatelet strategy. The binding of ligands or of the ligand-mimetic peptide RGD causes a conformational change of GP IIb/IIIa from the nonactivated to the activated state. Because several blocking agents/inhibitors are ligand-mimetics, the current study evaluates whether these agents have the intrinsic property to activate GP IIb/IIIa. Fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa on platelets or on CHO cells expressing recombinant GP IIb/IIIa was evaluated by flow cytometry or 125I-labeled fibrinogen. Incubation with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) fragment c7E3 (abciximab) results in fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa and in the access of ligand-induced binding sites. At low concentrations (0.01 to 0.1 μg/mL), this intrinsic activating property of c7E3 can result in platelet aggregation. The disintegrin flavorodin and the RGD analogue fradafiban also induce fibrinogen binding, whereas the blocking MoAbs 2G12 and P2 and the activation-specific MoAb PAC-1 do not. Aspirin and indomethacin cannot block c7E3-induced fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa, but can inhibit c7E3-induced platelet aggregation. Thus, we conclude that GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors can demonstrate an intrinsic activating property, which can result in fibrinogen binding to GP IIb/IIIa and consequently in platelet aggregation. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors can inhibit platelet aggregation caused by GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Further studies will have to evaluate the clinical relevance of the potential intrinsic activating property of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors and define consequences for the future drug development and evaluation of these potent antiplatelet agents.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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