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Zhao XD, Geng YS, Hu TY, Li WX, Liang YY, Hao DJ. Comparing the Performance of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) on Artificial and Natural Diets: Feasibility of Mass-Rearing on Artificial Diets. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:181-191. [PMID: 36412250 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In China, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) is an invasive phytophagous pest; it attacks nearly all species of defoliated trees. To develop integrated pest management programs (IPM) for H. cunea, we need to ensure the availability of insects by mass-rearing them on artificial diets under laboratory conditions. This study compared the growth characteristics, nutritional indices, growth indices, and digestive enzyme activity of insects reared on Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC (Fagales: Juglandaceae), the Chinese wingnut, and an artificial diet. We also investigated the correlation between diet components and growth indices using principal components analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. We found that mass-rearing of H. cunea on an artificial diet was feasible. It led to a shorter developmental period, with heavier larvae and pupae than natural diets. The principal components analysis indicated that the growth indices and α-Amylase were significantly positively associated with PC1, which explained 82.45% of the total data variability. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between digestion, absorption parameters, and growth. Developing a mass-rearing program to produce H. cunea on an artificial diet will be valuable for improving IPM strategies. Understanding the mechanism of the responses of phytophagous insect populations to anthropogenic diet regulation can provide new ideas and methods for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Zhao
- CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Shu Geng
- CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Yi Hu
- CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Li
- CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liang
- CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - De-Jun Hao
- CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
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Fuzita FJ, Palmisano G, Pimenta DC, Terra WR, Ferreira C. A proteomic approach to identify digestive enzymes, their exocytic and microapocrine secretory routes and their compartmentalization in the midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110670. [PMID: 34438074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A proteomic approach was used to identify the digestive enzymes secreted by exocytosis and by microapocrine vesicles and enzyme midgut compartmentalization in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. For this, proteomic analyses were performed in isolated midgut enterocyte microvillar membrane, in a fraction enriched in microapocrine vesicles (separated in soluble and membrane fractions), in the washings of the peritrophic membrane to isolate its loosely- and tightly-bound proteins, and in the peritrophic membrane contents. PM washings correspond to proteins extracted from the mucus layer surrounding PM. Serine endopeptidases (trypsins, chymotrypsins and serine endopeptidase homologs that have substitutions in the catalytic residues) and lipases are mainly secreted by exocytosis. Aminopeptidases are mainly microvillar enzymes and some are secreted membrane-bound to microapocrine vesicles, whereas carboxypeptidase isoforms follow different secretory routes. The results also showed that most polymer hydrolases (such as amylase and endopeptidases) are not retained in the ectoperitrophic fluid (found in PM washings but absent from PM contents). On the contrary, most enzymes involved in intermediate digestion (exemplified by carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase) do not pass through the peritrophic membrane. Finally, the data revealed that the protein composition of PM includes peritrophins classified as peritrophic membrane proteins, PMP, and chitin deacetylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J Fuzita
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Pimenta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Walter R Terra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Clélia Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
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Chen J, Li F, Liu Y, Shen W, Du X, He L, Meng Z, Ma X, Wang Y. Systematic identification of mitochondrial lysine succinylome in silkworm (Bombyx mori) midgut during the larval gluttonous stage. J Proteomics 2017; 174:61-70. [PMID: 29288090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysine succinylation is a newly identified protein post-translational modification (PTM) of lysine residues. Increasing evidences demonstrate that this modification is prevalent in mitochondria and regulates many vital cellular processes, especially metabolism. Here, we determined the succinylome of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) midgut mitochondria during the larval gluttonous stage (the fifth instar) using succinylated peptides enrichment coupled with nano HPLC/MS/MS. A total of 1884 lysine succinylation sites on 373 mitochondrial proteins were identified. The bioinformatic analysis reveal that succinylated proteins are significantly enriched in central metabolic processes and mitochondrial protein synthesis. Several apoptosis and detoxification related enzymes or proteins are succinylated. The findings suggest the crucial role of lysine succinylation in silkworm midgut metabolism and resistance. Our data provide a rich resource for further analysis of lysine succinylation in silkworm. SIGNIFICANCE Insect midgut is the vital tissue for nutrient metabolism and also for xenobiotic metabolism. There is a growing body of knowledge on regulation of midgut function at the gene or protein levels in silkworm, however, the regulation at post-translation modification level remains largely unknown. We provide a first global analysis of the mitochondrial lysine succinylome in silkworm midgut. A total of 1884 lysine succinylation sites on 373 mitochondrial proteins were identified. Bioinformatics results suggest an important role of this modification in regulating metabolism and mitochondrial protein synthesis. Our data greatly expand the catalog of lysine succinylation substrates and sites in insects, and represents an important resource for understanding the physiological function of lysine succinylation in insect midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Chen
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fengbo Li
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xin Du
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lihua He
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiqi Meng
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | | | - Yongqiang Wang
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Bovilla VR, Padwal MK, Siripurapu P, Basu B, Mamillapalli A. Developmental proteome dynamics of silk glands in the 5th instar larval stage of Bombyx mori L (CSR2×CSR4). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:860-8. [PMID: 27032299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bivoltine breed of Bombyx mori (B. mori), CSR2×CSR4 is an Indian high yielding silkworm strain. Silk gland proteome of this strain was not studied till now. Methods of improving silk production by chemical approaches have reached saturation and transgenic methods are needed in further to boost silk production. An understanding of proteomic changes during silk gland development helps in designing experiments to enhance silk production by transgenic approaches. The present study reports comprehensive developmental proteomic analysis of CSR2×CSR4, 5th instar whole silk glands. Eighty six unique protein IDs were obtained from the analysis of one hundred and twenty protein spots. Among the identified proteins, majority of the proteins were involved in metabolism (41%) followed by proteins involved in protein homeostasis (30%). Sixty percent of the identified proteins showed dynamic nature by expression analysis from day 1, day 3, day 5 and day 7 gels. In comparison to the published data till now on silk gland proteomics this study reports identification of 20 new proteins from the silk glands for the first time. SIGNIFICANCE The paper reports for the first time proteomic analysis of high yielding silkworm strain of India. The study analyzes whole silk glands to understand the tissue in total during 5th instar development. Lowering fibroin content made us to identify a large number of new proteins which were not reported till now in the silk gland proteome. Proteins which are involved in silk synthesis and release were found to be developmentally regulated. The study identified alanine, serine and glycine tRNA ligases for the first time and also showed their up-regulation on day 7 of 5th instar larval stage. The amino acid repeat of fibroin protein is enriched with the three amino acids, glycine, serine and alanine. The identified proteins could be studied further to understand their functional role in-depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Reddy Bovilla
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Padwal
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Prasanthi Siripurapu
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Bhakti Basu
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - Anitha Mamillapalli
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India.
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Gao M, Qi D, Zhang P, Deng C, Zhang X. Development of multidimensional liquid chromatography and application in proteomic analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 7:665-78. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Zhong XW, Zou Y, Liu SP, Yi QY, Hu CM, Wang C, Xia QY, Zhao P. Proteomic-based insight into Malpighian tubules of silkworm Bombyx mori. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75731. [PMID: 24098719 PMCID: PMC3787086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malpighian tubules (MTs) are highly specific organs of arthropods (Insecta, Myriapoda and Arachnida) for excretion and osmoregulation. In order to highlight the important genes and pathways involved in multi-functions of MTs, we performed a systematic proteomic analysis of silkworm MTs in the present work. Totally, 1,367 proteins were identified by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and as well as by Trans Proteomic Pipeline (TPP) and Absolute protein expression (APEX) analyses. Forty-one proteins were further identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Some proteins were revealed to be significantly associated with various metabolic processes, organic solute transport, detoxification and innate immunity. Our results might lay a good foundation for future functional studies of MTs in silkworm and other lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-wu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-ying Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Cui-mei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-you Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Yi Q, Zhao P, Wang X, Zou Y, Zhong X, Wang C, Xiang Z, Xia QY. Shotgun proteomic analysis of the Bombyx mori
anterior silk gland: An insight into the biosynthetic fiber spinning process. Proteomics 2013; 13:2657-63. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Yi
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Ping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Xin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Yong Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Xiaowu Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Chen Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
| | - Qing-you Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology; Southwest University; Chongqing China
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Bezdi MS, Toorchi M, Pourabad RF, Zarghami N, Nouri MZ, Komatsu S. Proteome analysis of gut and salivary gland proteins of fifth-instar nymph and adults of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 81:105-119. [PMID: 22951809 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the digestive system of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), the salivary gland has a key role in extra oral digestion and the gut is the main site for digestion of food. In this study, proteomics was used to study the role of proteins involved in digestion. The amount of feeding on wheat grain by adult insects increased by comparison to fifth-instar nymphs. Proteins of the gut and salivary gland in adults and fifth-instar nymphs were analyzed 1 day after feeding. The proteins related to digestion, metabolism, and defense against toxins were accumulated in the gut of adult insects. Three plant proteins including serpin, dehydroascorbate reductase, and β-amylase were accumulated in guts of adults. In the salivary gland, phospholipase A2 and arginine kinase were increased in adults. Heat shock protein 70 increased in the gut of fifth-instar nymphs. Proteomic analysis revealed that most of changed proteins in digestive system of sunn pest were increased in adults. This study provided more targets derived from gut and salivary gland for pest management.
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Ma W, Zhang Z, Peng C, Wang X, Li F, Lin Y. Exploring the midgut transcriptome and brush border membrane vesicle proteome of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). PLoS One 2012; 7:e38151. [PMID: 22666467 PMCID: PMC3362559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is one of the most detrimental pests affecting rice crops. The use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has been explored as a means to control this pest, but the potential for C. suppressalis to develop resistance to Bt toxins makes this approach problematic. Few C. suppressalis gene sequences are known, which makes in-depth study of gene function difficult. Herein, we sequenced the midgut transcriptome of the rice stem borer. In total, 37,040 contigs were obtained, with a mean size of 497 bp. As expected, the transcripts of C. suppressalis shared high similarity with arthropod genes. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis were used to classify the gene functions in C. suppressalis. Using the midgut transcriptome data, we conducted a proteome analysis to identify proteins expressed abundantly in the brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Of the 100 top abundant proteins that were excised and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, 74 share high similarity with known proteins. Among these proteins, Western blot analysis showed that Aminopeptidase N and EH domain-containing protein have the binding activities with Bt-toxin Cry1Ac. These data provide invaluable information about the gene sequences of C. suppressalis and the proteins that bind with Cry1Ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University; Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (FL)
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (YL); (FL)
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Sunagar SG, Savanurmath CJ, Hinchigeri SB. The profiles of red fluorescent proteins with antinucleopolyhedrovirus activity in races of the silkworm Bombyx mori. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 57:1707-14. [PMID: 21946412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Partially purified red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) secured from the gut juice of 5th-instar multivoltine and bivoltine silkworm races were observed as several bands in electrophoretograms and chromatographic eluates. Interestingly, different races of silkworms had varying numbers of fluorescent protein bands: 11 in Pure Mysore (resistant), 11 in Nistari (resistant), 4 in CSR(2) (moderately susceptible) and 1 in NB(4)D(2) (highly susceptible). Bioassay experiments indicated that the fluorescent bands had antinucleopolyhedrovirus (antiNPV) activity. The molar extinction coefficients and fluorescence quantum yields of all RFPs were estimated. The purified tetrapyrroles were characterized by UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectral analyses. All tetrapyrrole moieties associated with RFPs were found to be different and characteristic of the fluorescent bands. The resulting qualitative and quantitative differences among the individual RFPs from various races of silkworm were related to the susceptibilities of the silkworms to the viral disease. Moreover, light was found to be essential for the synthesis of RFPs, and, therefore, the role of light in the synthesis of RFPs was evaluated. Thus, this work may elucidate the process of RFP synthesis in silkworm, which may be used as a biomarker to measure the degree of susceptibility of silkworm races to NPV. Therefore, the characteristic band pattern may be used as an indicator to define the relative resistance of a race towards the specific virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh G Sunagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
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Proteomic Analysis of Larval Midgut from the Silkworm (Bombyx mori). Comp Funct Genomics 2011; 2011:876064. [PMID: 21687556 PMCID: PMC3115381 DOI: 10.1155/2011/876064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The midgut is the major organ for food digestion, nutrient absorption and also a barrier for foreign substance. The 5th-instar larval stage of silkworm is very important for larval growth, development, and silk production. In the present study, we used 2-DE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to analyze the midgut proteins from the 5th-instar larvae as well as the midgut proteins under starvation condition. A total of 96 proteins were identified in this study; and among them, 69 proteins were observed in midgut for the first time. We also found that the silkworm larval midgut responded to starvation by producing a 10 kDa heat shock protein and a diapause hormone precursor.
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Liu Q, Liang X, Hu D, Chen P, Tian J, Zhang H. Purification and characterization of two major selenium-containing proteins in selenium-rich silkworm pupas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11458-009-0109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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