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Erkip A, Erman B. Dynamically driven correlations in elastic net models reveal sequence of events and causality in proteins. Proteins 2024; 92:1113-1126. [PMID: 38687146 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
An explicit analytic solution is given for the Langevin equation applied to the Gaussian Network Model of a protein subjected to both a random and a deterministic periodic force. Synchronous and asynchronous components of time correlation functions are derived and an expression for phase differences in the time correlations of residue pairs is obtained. The synchronous component enables the determination of dynamic communities within the protein structure. The asynchronous component reveals causality, where the time correlation function between residues i and j differs depending on whether i is observed before j or vice versa, resulting in directional information flow. Driver and driven residues in the allosteric process of cyclophilin A and human NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase are determined by a perturbation-scanning technique. Factors affecting phase differences between fluctuations of residues, such as network topology, connectivity, and residue centrality, are identified. Within the constraints of the isotropic Gaussian Network Model, our results show that asynchronicity increases with viscosity and distance between residues, decreases with increasing connectivity, and decreases with increasing levels of eigenvector centrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Erkip
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Erman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Zhuang S, Chakraborty P, Zweckstetter M. Regulation of tau by peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 84:102739. [PMID: 38061261 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein found abundantly in axons, where it binds to microtubules. Since tau is a central player in the dynamic microtubule network, it is highly regulated by post-translational modifications. Abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau characterize a group of diseases called tauopathies. A specific protein family of cis/trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases) can interact with tau to regulate its aggregation and neuronal resilience. Structural interactions between tau and specific PPIases have been determined, establishing possible mechanisms for tau regulation and modification. While there have been numerous in vivo studies evaluating the impact of PPIase expression on tau biology/pathology, the direct roles of PPIases have yet to be fully characterized. Different PPIases correlate to either increased or decreased levels of tau-associated degeneration. Therefore, the ability of PPIases to structurally modify and regulate tau should be further investigated due to its potential therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Zhuang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pijush Chakraborty
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Singh H, Kaur K, Singh M, Kaur G, Singh P. Plant Cyclophilins: Multifaceted Proteins With Versatile Roles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:585212. [PMID: 33193535 PMCID: PMC7641896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.585212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins constitute a family of ubiquitous proteins that bind cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant drug. Several of these proteins possess peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of the peptide bond preceding a proline residue, essential for correct folding of the proteins. Compared to prokaryotes and other eukaryotes studied until now, the cyclophilin gene families in plants exhibit considerable expansion. With few exceptions, the role of the majority of these proteins in plants is still a matter of conjecture. However, recent studies suggest that cyclophilins are highly versatile proteins with multiple functionalities, and regulate a plethora of growth and development processes in plants, ranging from hormone signaling to the stress response. The present review discusses the implications of cyclophilins in different facets of cellular processes, particularly in the context of plants, and provides a glimpse into the molecular mechanisms by which these proteins fine-tune the diverse physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hans Raj Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Mangaljeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gundeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- William Harvey Heart Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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4
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Torpey J, Madine J, Wood A, Lian LY. Cyclophilin D binds to the acidic C-terminus region of α-Synuclein and affects its aggregation characteristics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10159. [PMID: 32576835 PMCID: PMC7311461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase expressed in the nucleus and transported into the mitochondria where it is best associated with the regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). There are, however, other possible roles of CypD in the mitochondria which may or may not be linked with the MPTP. Alpha synuclein (αSyn) is shown here to interact directly with CypD via its acidic proline-rich C-terminus region and binding at the putative ligand binding pocket of CypD. The study shows that CypD binding with soluble αSyn prevents its aggregation. Furthermore, the addition of CypD to preformed αSyn fibrils leads to the disassembly of these fibrils. Enzymatically-compromised mutants of CypD show reduced abilities to dissociate αSyn aggregates, suggesting that fibril disassembly is linked to the increased rate of peptidyl-prolyl isomerisation catalysed by CypD. Protein aggregation in the mitochondria is increasingly seen as the cause of neurodegeneration. However, protein aggregation is a reversible process but disaggregation requires help from other proteins such as isomerases and chaperones. The results here demonstrate a possible mechanism by which CypD achieves this and suggest that disaggregation could be one of the many functions of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Torpey
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jillian Madine
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Amy Wood
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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5
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Gur M, Blackburn EA, Ning J, Narayan V, Ball KL, Walkinshaw MD, Erman B. Molecular dynamics simulations of site point mutations in the TPR domain of cyclophilin 40 identify conformational states with distinct dynamic and enzymatic properties. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:145101. [PMID: 29655319 PMCID: PMC5891347 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin 40 (Cyp40) is a member of the immunophilin family that acts as a peptidyl-prolyl-isomerase enzyme and binds to the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Its structure comprises an N-terminal cyclophilin domain and a C-terminal tetratricopeptide (TPR) domain. Cyp40 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and certain T-cell lymphomas. The groove for Hsp90 binding on the TPR domain includes residues Lys227 and Lys308, referred to as the carboxylate clamp, and is essential for Cyp40-Hsp90 binding. In this study, the effect of two mutations, K227A and K308A, and their combinative mutant was investigated by performing a total of 5.76 μs of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in explicit solvent. All simulations, except the K308A mutant, were found to adopt two distinct (extended or compact) conformers defined by different cyclophilin-TPR interdomain distances. The K308A mutant was only observed in the extended form which is observed in the Cyp40 X-ray structure. The wild-type, K227A, and combined mutant also showed bimodal distributions. The experimental melting temperature, Tm, values of the mutants correlate with the degree of compactness with the K308A extended mutant having a marginally lower melting temperature. Another novel measure of compactness determined from the MD data, the "coordination shell volume," also shows a direct correlation with Tm. In addition, the MD simulations show an allosteric effect with the mutations in the remote TPR domain having a pronounced effect on the molecular motions of the enzymatic cyclophilin domain which helps rationalise the experimentally observed increase in enzyme activity measured for all three mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Gur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Suite 445 İnönü Caddesi, No. 65 Gümüşsuyu, 34437 Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Ning
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Vikram Narayan
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L Ball
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm D Walkinshaw
- Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Burak Erman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University College of Engineering, Eng 146 Rumeli Feneri Yolu, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nillegoda NB, Wentink AS, Bukau B. Protein Disaggregation in Multicellular Organisms. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:285-300. [PMID: 29501325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregates are formed in cells with profoundly perturbed proteostasis, where the generation of misfolded proteins exceeds the cellular refolding and degradative capacity. They are a hallmark of protein conformational disorders and aged and/or environmentally stressed cells. Protein aggregation is a reversible process in vivo, which counteracts proteotoxicities derived from aggregate persistence, but the chaperone machineries involved in protein disaggregation in Metazoa were uncovered only recently. Here we highlight recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the major protein disaggregation machinery mediated by the Hsp70 chaperone system and discuss emerging alternative disaggregation activities in multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Anne S Wentink
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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7
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Shelton LB, Koren J, Blair LJ. Imbalances in the Hsp90 Chaperone Machinery: Implications for Tauopathies. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:724. [PMID: 29311797 PMCID: PMC5744016 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent 90 kDa heat shock protein, Hsp90, is a major regulator of protein triage, from assisting in nascent protein folding to refolding or degrading aberrant proteins. Tau, a microtubule associated protein, aberrantly accumulates in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases, deemed tauopathies. Hsp90 binds to and regulates tau fate in coordination with a diverse group of co-chaperones. Imbalances in chaperone levels and activity, as found in the aging brain, can contribute to disease onset and progression. For example, the levels of the Hsp90 co-chaperone, FK506-binding protein 51 kDa (FKBP51), progressively increase with age. In vitro and in vivo tau models demonstrated that FKBP51 synergizes with Hsp90 to increase neurotoxic tau oligomer production. Inversely, protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), which dephosphorylates tau to restore microtubule-binding function, is repressed with aging and activity is further repressed in AD. Similarly, levels of cyclophilin 40 (CyP40) are reduced in the aged brain and further repressed in AD. Interestingly, CyP40 was shown to breakup tau aggregates in vitro and prevent tau-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Moreover, the only known stimulator of Hsp90 ATPase activity, Aha1, increases tau aggregation and toxicity. While the levels of Aha1 are not significantly altered with aging, increased levels have been found in AD brains. Overall, these changes in the Hsp90 heterocomplex could drive tau deposition and neurotoxicity. While the relationship of tau and Hsp90 in coordination with these co-chaperones is still under investigation, it is clear that imbalances in these proteins with aging can contribute to disease onset and progression. This review highlights the current understanding of how the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones regulates tau or other misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases with a particular emphasis on the impact of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Shelton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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8
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Baker JD, Shelton LB, Zheng D, Favretto F, Nordhues BA, Darling A, Sullivan LE, Sun Z, Solanki PK, Martin MD, Suntharalingam A, Sabbagh JJ, Becker S, Mandelkow E, Uversky VN, Zweckstetter M, Dickey CA, Koren J, Blair LJ. Human cyclophilin 40 unravels neurotoxic amyloids. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001336. [PMID: 28654636 PMCID: PMC5486962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloidogenic proteins is a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders. The aberrant accumulation of the microtubule associating protein tau (MAPT, tau) into toxic oligomers and amyloid deposits is a primary pathology in tauopathies, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intrinsically disordered proteins, like tau, are enriched with proline residues that regulate both secondary structure and aggregation propensity. The orientation of proline residues is regulated by cis/trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases). Here we show that cyclophilin 40 (CyP40), a PPIase, dissolves tau amyloids in vitro. Additionally, CyP40 ameliorated silver-positive and oligomeric tau species in a mouse model of tau accumulation, preserving neuronal health and cognition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed that CyP40 interacts with tau at sites rich in proline residues. CyP40 was also able to interact with and disaggregate other aggregating proteins that contain prolines. Moreover, CyP40 lacking PPIase activity prevented its capacity for disaggregation in vitro. Finally, we describe a unique structural property of CyP40 that may permit disaggregation to occur in an energy-independent manner. This study identifies a novel human protein disaggregase and, for the first time, demonstrates its capacity to dissolve intracellular amyloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Baker
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Lindsey B. Shelton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dali Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Filippo Favretto
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bryce A. Nordhues
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - April Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Leia E. Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Zheying Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Parth K. Solanki
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie D. Martin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Amirthaa Suntharalingam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonathan J. Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- CAESAR Research Center, Bonn, Germany
- MPI for Metabolism Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- James A. Haley Veteran's Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Liu XX, Wang CY, Luo C, Sheng JQ, Wu D, Hu BJ, Wang JH, Hong YJ. Characterization of cyclophilin D in freshwater pearl mussel ( Hyriopsis schlegelii). Zool Res 2017; 38:103-109. [PMID: 28409506 PMCID: PMC5396027 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (referred to as HsCypD) was obtained from the freshwater pearl mussel (Hyriopsis schlegelii). The full-length cDNA was 2 671 bp, encoding a protein consisting of 367 amino acids. HsCypD was determined to be a hydrophilic intracellular protein with 10 phosphorylation sites and four tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, but no signal peptide. The core sequence region YKGCIFHRIIKDFMVQGG is highly conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that CypD from all species had a common origin, and HsCypD had the closest phylogenetic relationship with CypD from Lottia gigantea. The constitutive mRNA expression levels of HsCypD exhibited tissue-specific patterns, with the highest level detected in the intestines, followed by the gonads, and the lowest expression found in the hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Chun Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jun-Qing Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Bei-Juan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Jun-Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yi-Jiang Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animals Resources and Utilization of Jiangxi, Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi 330031, China.
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