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Zhang L, Wu HD, Qian YF, Xu HY. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with hepatitis B: A meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:5749-5760. [PMID: 39247728 PMCID: PMC11263053 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i25.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has increased in recent clinical practice; however, the relationship between CHB and hepatic steatosis (HS) remains controversial. AIM To shed light on the potential association between NAFLD and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search using multiple databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE, to identify relevant studies. Predefined inclusion criteria were used to determine the eligibility of the studies for further analysis. RESULTS Comprehensive meta-analysis software was used for statistical analysis, which covered 20 studies. The results indicated a lower NAFLD susceptibility in HBV-infected individuals (pooled OR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.69-1.08; I 2 = 91.1%), with diabetes (P = 0.015), body mass index (BMI; P = 0.010), and possibly age (P = 0.061) as heterogeneity sources. Of note, in four studies (6197 HBV patients), HBV-infected individuals had a reduced NAFLD risk (OR = 0.68, 95%CI = 0.51-0.89, P = 0.006). A positive link between hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome emerged in hepatitis B patients, along with specific biochemical indicators, including BMI, creatinine, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. CONCLUSION HBV infection may provide protection against HS; however, the occurrence of HS in patients with HBV infection is associated with metabolic syndrome and specific biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Di Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Qian
- Department of Nursing, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Xu
- Department of Nursing, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zheng Q, Lin R, Wang D, Zheng C, Xu W. Effects of circulating inflammatory proteins on spinal degenerative diseases: Evidence from genetic correlations and Mendelian randomization study. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1346. [PMID: 38895179 PMCID: PMC11183170 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous investigations have suggested links between circulating inflammatory proteins (CIPs) and spinal degenerative diseases (SDDs), but causality has not been proven. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal associations between 91 CIPs and cervical spondylosis (CS), prolapsed disc/slipped disc (PD/SD), spinal canal stenosis (SCS), and spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis. Methods Genetic variants data for CIPs and SDDs were obtained from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database. We used inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method, analyzing the validity and robustness of the results through pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests and performing reverse MR analysis to test for reverse causality. Results The IVW results with Bonferroni correction indicated that beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF), C-X-C motif chemokine 6 (CXCL6), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) can increase the risk of CS. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1), and tumor necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β) can increase PD/SD risk, whereas urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) can decrease the risk of PD/SD. FGF19 and TNF can increase SCS risk. STAM binding protein (STAMBP) and T-cell surface glycoprotein CD6 isoform (CD6 isoform) can increase the risk of spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis, whereas monocyte chemoattractant protein 2 (MCP2) and latency-associated peptide transforming growth factor beta 1 (LAP-TGF-β1) can decrease spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis risk. Conclusions MR analysis indicated the causal associations between multiple genetically predicted CIPs and the risk of four SDDs (CS, PD/SD, SCS, and spondylolisthesis/spondylolysis). This study provides reliable genetic evidence for in-depth exploration of the involvement of CIPs in the pathogenic mechanism of SDDs and provides novel potential targets for SDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcong Zheng
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Rongjie Lin
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Du Wang
- Arthritis Clinical and Research Center, Peking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Weihong Xu
- Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
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Hu Y, Yang R, Liu S, Song Z, Wang H. The Emerging Roles of Nanocarrier Drug Delivery System in Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration-Current Knowledge, Hot Spots, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1007-1022. [PMID: 38567254 PMCID: PMC10986407 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s448807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition that has substantial consequences on individuals and society, both socially and economically. The primary contributor to LBP is often identified as intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which worsens and leads to significant spinal problems. The conventional treatment approach for IVDD involves physiotherapy, drug therapy for pain management, and, in severe cases, surgery. However, none of these treatments address the underlying cause of the condition, meaning that they cannot fundamentally reverse IVDD or restore the mechanical function of the spine. Nanotechnology and regenerative medicine have made significant advancements in the field of healthcare, particularly in the area of nanodrug delivery systems (NDDSs). These approaches have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing the efficacy of IVDD treatments by providing benefits such as high biocompatibility, biodegradability, precise drug delivery to targeted areas, prolonged drug release, and improved therapeutic results. The advancements in different NDDSs designed for delivering various genes, cells, proteins and therapeutic drugs have opened up new opportunities for effectively addressing IVDD. This comprehensive review provides a consolidated overview of the recent advancements in the use of NDDSs for the treatment of IVDD. It emphasizes the potential of these systems in overcoming the challenges associated with this condition. Meanwhile, the insights and ideas presented in this review aim to contribute to the advancement of precise IVDD treatment using NDDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sanmao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Song
- School of Graduates, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Li L, Zhang G, Yang Z, Kang X. Stress-Activated Protein Kinases in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Unraveling the Impact of JNK and p38 MAPK. Biomolecules 2024; 14:393. [PMID: 38672411 PMCID: PMC11047866 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of lower back pain. The pathophysiological development of IDD is closely related to the stimulation of various stressors, including proinflammatory cytokines, abnormal mechanical stress, oxidative stress, metabolic abnormalities, and DNA damage, among others. These factors prevent normal intervertebral disc (IVD) development, reduce the number of IVD cells, and induce senescence and apoptosis. Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), particularly, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), control cell signaling in response to cellular stress. Previous studies have shown that these proteins are highly expressed in degenerated IVD tissues and are involved in complex biological signal-regulated processes. Therefore, we summarize the research reports on IDD related to JNK and p38 MAPK. Their structure, function, and signal regulation mechanisms are comprehensively and systematically described and potential therapeutic targets are proposed. This work could provide a reference for future research and help improve molecular therapeutic strategies for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.L.); (G.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopedics Disease of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zou X, Wang Y, Qi J, Han S, Xin J, Zheng Z, Wei L, Zhang T, Zhang S. Unraveling the mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration: an exploration of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1324561. [PMID: 38313000 PMCID: PMC10834758 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1324561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a worldwide spinal degenerative disease. Low back pain (LBP) is frequently caused by a variety of conditions brought on by IDD, including IVD herniation and spinal stenosis, etc. These conditions bring substantial physical and psychological pressure and economic burden to patients. IDD is closely tied with the structural or functional changes of the IVD tissue and can be caused by various complex factors like senescence, genetics, and trauma. The IVD dysfunction and structural changes can result from extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, differentiation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mechanical stress, and senescence of IVD cells. At present, the treatment of IDD is basically to alleviate the symptoms, but not from the pathophysiological changes of IVD. Interestingly, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in many processes of IDD, including inflammation, ECM degradation, apoptosis, senescence, proliferation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. These activities in degenerated IVD tissue are closely relevant to the development trend of IDD. Hence, the p38 MAPK signaling pathway may be a fitting curative target for IDD. In order to better understand the pathophysiological alterations of the intervertebral disc tissue during IDD and offer potential paths for targeted treatments for intervertebral disc degeneration, this article reviews the purpose of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmin Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaosong Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Jinwei Qi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Tianhui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
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Wu Q, Cui X, Guan LC, Zhang C, Liu J, Ford NC, He S, Chen X, Cao X, Zang L, Guan Y. Chronic pain after spine surgery: Insights into pathogenesis, new treatment, and preventive therapy. J Orthop Translat 2023; 42:147-159. [PMID: 37823035 PMCID: PMC10562770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain after spine surgery (CPSS) is often characterized by intractable low back pain and/or radiating leg pain, and has been reported in 8-40% of patients that received lumbar spine surgery. We conducted a literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID with a focus on studies about the etiology and treatments of CPSS and low back pain. Our aim was to provide a narrative review that would help us better understand the pathogenesis and current treatment options for CPSS. This knowledge will aid in the development of optimal strategies for managing postoperative pain symptoms and potentially curing the underlying etiologies. Firstly, we reviewed recent advances in the mechanistic study of CPSS, illustrated both structural (e.g., fibrosis and scaring) and non-structural factors (e.g., inflammation, neuronal sensitization, glial activation, psychological factor) causing CPSS, and highlighted those having not been given sufficient attention as the etiology of CPSS. Secondly, we summarized clinical evidence and therapeutic perspectives of CPSS. We also presented new insights about the treatments and etiology of CPSS, in order to raise awareness of medical staff in the identification and management of this complex painful disease. Finally, we discussed potential new targets for clinical interventions of CPSS and future perspectives of mechanistic and translational research. CPSS patients often have a mixed etiology. By reviewing recent findings, the authors advocate that clinicians shall comprehensively evaluate each case to formulate a patient-specific and multi-modal pain treatment, and importantly, consider an early intraoperative intervention that may decrease the risk or even prevent the onset of CPSS. Translational potential statement CPSS remains difficult to treat. This review broadens our understanding of clinical therapies and underlying mechanisms of CPSS, and provides new insights which will aid in the development of novel mechanism-based therapies for not only managing the established pain symptoms but also preventing the development of CPSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Leo C. Guan
- McDonogh School, Owing Mills, Maryland, 21117, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Neil C. Ford
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Shaoqiu He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xueming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lei Zang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100149, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Toczylowska B, Woznica M, Zieminska E, Krolicki L. Metabolic Biomarkers Differentiate a Surgical Intervertebral Disc from a Nonsurgical Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10572. [PMID: 37445750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is caused by disturbances in metabolic processes, which lead to structural disorders. The aim of this report is to analyze metabolic disorders in the degeneration process by comparing control discs with degenerated discs. In our research on the nucleus pulposus (NP), we used NMR spectroscopy of extracts of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds of the tissue. METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows the study of biochemistry and cellular metabolism in vitro. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds were extracted from the NP of the intervertebral disc. In the NMR spectra, metabolites were identified and quantitatively analyzed. The results of our research indicate disturbances in the biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol, the biosynthesis and degradation of various fatty acid groups, ketone bodies, or lysine, and the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, purines, glycine, inositol, galactose, alanine, glutamate, and pyruvate in the biosynthesis of valine and isoleucine, leucine. All these disorders indicate pathomechanisms related to oxidative stress, energy, neurotransmission disturbances, and disturbances in the structure and functioning of cell membranes, inflammation, or chronic pain generators. CONCLUSIONS NMR spectroscopy allows the identification of metabolites differentiating surgical from nonsurgical discs. These data may provide guidance in in vivo MRS studies in assessing the severity of lesions of the disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Toczylowska
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Elzbieta Zieminska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Krolicki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Liang H, Shi H, Li Y, Wang D, Zhang Y. Mechanism of Aspirin oxidative stress regulating interleukin-induced apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells in a rat model of intervertebral disc degeneration. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:124. [PMID: 36819489 PMCID: PMC9929745 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important cause of low back pain. Increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), overexpression of inflammatory factors, and loss of extracellular matrix are important factors in the pathological changes of IDD. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Aspirin regulating oxidative stress in IDD, so as to propose new treatment. Methods Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were isolated from the caudal intervertebral discs of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats under sterile conditions. The expression of ROS and inflammatory factors was detected sequentially, and the degree of degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells was observed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cell immunofluorescence staining. In vivo, the caudal disc puncture model was used to induce degeneration, and a local injection of 10 or 100 µg/mL Aspirin was performed. The rats were sacrificed 1 week later, and the disc specimens of the tail vertebrae were collected for imaging, histomorphology, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results In vitro experiments showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could significantly induce oxidative stress in NPCs and stimulate NPCs to secrete a large amount of ROS and inflammatory factors, which eventually leads to the reduction of collagen type II and polyglycoprotein gene expression in NPCs and the high expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Consequently, NPCs degeneration occurs. Conclusions Our results clarified the important role of oxidative stress in IDD and proved that LPS can be used as a drug to alleviate oxidative stress and intervene in the IDD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Shi
- Second Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Deguo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Bai X, Yao M, Zhu X, Lian Y, Zhang M. Baicalin suppresses interleukin-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix degradation in human nucleus pulposus cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36617937 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2165942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of baicalin on human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in response to interleukin (IL)-1β stimulation. METHODS Viability of NPCs was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. TUNEL staining assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect apoptotic cell death of NPCs. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression levels of proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the determination of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6. Oxidative stress indicators including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. RESULTS Baicalin attenuated IL-1β-caused cell viability reduction and apoptosis in NPCs. IL-1β-induced increase in Bax expression and decrease in Bcl-2 expression were attenuated by baicalin treatment. IL-1β-induced production of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in NPCs was inhibited by baicalin treatment. Baicalin treatment reversed IL-1β-induced increase in ROS production and MDA level, as well as decrease in SOD activity. Furthermore, baicalin treatment elevated the expression levels of Col II and Aggrecan and downregulated the expression levels of MMP3, MMP13, and ADAMTS5 in IL-1β-induced NPCs. A total of 402 related targets of baicalin and 134 related targets of intervertebral disk degeneration were found, and nine intersection targets were screened out. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was found to be involved in the effects of baicalin. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin exhibited protective effects on IL-1β-caused cell viability reduction, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and extracellular matrix degradation in NPCs. In addition, we found c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways as targets of baicalin through bioinformatic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Bai
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Mingyan Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Yong Lian
- The Fifth Department of Orthopedics, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Laishui County TCM Hospital, Baoding, China
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Ren H, Li Y, Liu H, Fan J, Li J, Li H, Wei H, Meng L, Cao S. A crucial exosome-related gene pair ( AAMP and ABAT) is associated with inflammatory cells in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160801. [PMID: 37122729 PMCID: PMC10140513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of exosome-related genes (ERGs) and competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) may improve its diagnosis and reveal its underlying mechanisms. We downloaded 49 samples from Gene Expression Omnibus and identified candidate ERGs using differentially expressed ERGs (De-ERGs), exosome-related gene pairs (ERGPs), and machine learning algorithms [least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM)]. Immune cell-related ERGs were selected via immune-infiltration analysis, and clinical values were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Based on the De-ERGs, a ceRNA network comprising 1,512 links and 330 nodes was constructed and primarily related to signal transduction pathways, apoptosis-related biological processes, and multiple kinase-related molecular functions. In total, two crucial De-ERGs [angio-associated migratory cell protein (AAMP) and 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT)] were screened from results in De-ERGs, ERGPs, LASSO, and SVM. Increased AAMP expression and decreased ABAT expression were positively and negatively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration, respectively. AAMP/ABAT was the only pair differentially expressed in IDD and correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration. Furthermore, AAMP/ABAT displayed higher accuracy in predicting IDD than individual genes. These results demonstrated the ERGP AAMP/ABAT as a robust signature for identifying IDD and associated with increased CD8+ T cell infiltration, suggesting it as a promising IDD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Haopeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongyu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Cao, ; Liesu Meng, ; Hongyu Wei,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Cao, ; Liesu Meng, ; Hongyu Wei,
| | - Shuai Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Cao, ; Liesu Meng, ; Hongyu Wei,
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Chan LP, Tseng YP, Wang HC, Chien CY, Wu CW, Wang LF, Liang CH. Growth Regulated Oncogene-α Upregulates TNF-α and COX-2 and Activates NOD1/RIPK2 mediated-MAPK Pathway in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2023; 14:989-1000. [PMID: 37151389 PMCID: PMC10158519 DOI: 10.7150/jca.82300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The long-term prognosis and survival rate of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are poor, although the identification of specific biomarkers that reveal its nature and aggressiveness has improved it. Growth-related oncogene alpha (Groα) and NOD1 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1) can be used as prognosis markers to identify subgroups of HNSCC patients with low survival rates and as potential therapeutic targets for HNSCC patients. However, the mechanism associated with the Groα-mediated NOD pathway in HNSCC progression remains unclear. Method: Overall survival analysis and multiple-gene comparison were analyzed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). qRT-PCR and RT-PCR were used to analyze mRNA expression. Microarray, immunofluorescence staining or western blot analyses were carried out to detect protein expression. Results: Groα was significantly higher in the grade 4 HNSCC tumor tissues compared with that in grade 1-3 and healthy subjects. High expression of Groα, NOD1 and RIPK2 (receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2) is correlated with survival rate in HNSCC patients. Treatment of SCC25 and OECM-1 cells with Groα increased the expression of NOD1 and RIPK2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The findings herein reveal the association of Groα, NOD1 and RIPK2 biomarkers with HNSCC carcinogenesis. Moreover, Groα is the major stimulus of inflammatory mediation and promotes TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression in HNSCC. Groα induces TNF-α and COX-2 expression through regulation involving ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase)-, JNK (C-Jun N-terminal kinase)- and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-dependent signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our findings herein constitute the first evidence that Groα is important in HNSCC progression and metastasis via the NOD1-mediated MAPK pathway, suggesting a role for Groα and NOD1 in mediating metastasis and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- ✉ Corresponding authors: (L.-P. C.); (C.-H. L.); Tel.: +886-6-2664911 (ext. 2441)
| | - Ya-Ping Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chien
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Feng Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- ✉ Corresponding authors: (L.-P. C.); (C.-H. L.); Tel.: +886-6-2664911 (ext. 2441)
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12
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Tian Y, Chu X, Huang Q, Guo X, Xue Y, Deng W. Astragaloside IV attenuates IL-1β-induced intervertebral disc degeneration through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:545. [PMID: 36527065 PMCID: PMC9758796 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of low back pain. Patients with low back pain may experience significant socio-economic burdens and decreased productivity. Previous studies have shown that inflammation is one of the main causes of IDD. Astragaloside IV (AS IV), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been reported to have therapeutic effects on many inflammation-related diseases; however, the effectiveness of AS IV as the treatment for IDD has not been studied. METHODS Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells from patients with IDD were used for the experiments. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) was used to evaluate the effect of AS IV on the viability of NP cells (NPCs). To mimic IDD in vitro, NPCs were divided into the following groups: control group, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) group, and AS IV + IL-1β group. To analyse the effect of AS IV on IL-1β-induced IDD, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence assays were performed. To evaluate the effect of AS IV in vivo, a rat model of puncture-induced IDD was established. RESULTS AS IV effectively alleviated IL-1β-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degeneration in NPCs. We also observed that AS IV decreased the IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha (p-IκBα) in the cytosol, and reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, indicating that AS IV inhibited the NF-κB pathway. Using the puncture-induced rat IDD model, our results showed that AS IV had a protective effect against the progression of IDD, suggesting that AS IV could alleviate IDD in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that AS IV effectively alleviated IDD in vivo and in vitro, indicating that it could be used as a therapeutic to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Tian
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Chu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qia Huang
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Guo
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- grid.412645.00000 0004 1757 9434Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China ,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin, China
| | - Weimin Deng
- grid.265021.20000 0000 9792 1228Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Di X, Jin X, Ai J, Xiang L, Gao X, Xiao K, Li H, Luo D, Wang K. YAP/Smad3 promotes pathological extracellular matrix microenviroment-induced bladder smooth muscle proliferation in bladder fibrosis progression. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e169. [PMID: 36176734 PMCID: PMC9477793 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic inflammation process with excess extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that cannot be reversed. Patients suffer from bladder dysfunction caused by bladder fibrosis. Moreover, the interactive mechanisms between ECM and bladder fibrosis are still obscure. Hence, we assessed the pivotal effect of Yes-associated protein (YAP) on the proliferation of bladder smooth muscle in fibrosis process. We identified that stiff ECM increased the expression and translocation of YAP in the nucleus of human bladder smooth muscle cell (hBdSMC). Sequencings and proteomics revealed that YAP bound to Smad3 and promoted the proliferation of hBdSMC via MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in stiff ECM. Moreover, CUT and TAG sequencing and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that Smad3 inhibited the transcription of JUN. The YAP inhibitor CA3 was used in a partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) rat model. The results showed that CA3 attenuated bladder smooth muscle proliferation. Collectively, YAP binding with Smad3 in the nucleus inhibited the transcription of JUN, and promoted the proliferation of bladder smooth muscle through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The current study identified a novel mechanism of mechanical force induced bladder fibrosis that provided insights in YAP-associated organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Peng Di
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jian‐Zhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Li‐Yuan Xiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiao‐Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kai‐Wen Xiao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - De‐Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kun‐Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Pro- and anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids imbalance contributes to the pathobiology of autoimmune diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022:10.1038/s41430-022-01173-8. [PMID: 35701524 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are driven by TH17 cells that secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-17. Under normal physiological conditions, autoreactive T cells are suppressed by TGF-β and IL-10 secreted by microglia and dendritic cells. When this balance is upset due to injury, infection and other causes, leukocyte recruitment and macrophage activation occurs resulting in secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α, IL-17 and PGE2, LTs (leukotrienes) accompanied by a deficiency of anti-inflammatory LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins. PGE2 facilitates TH1 cell differentiation and promotes immune-mediated inflammation through TH17 expansion. There is evidence to suggest that autoimmune diseases can be suppressed by anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins. These results imply that systemic and/or local application of LXA4, resolvins, protecting, and maresins and administration of their precursors AA/EPA/DHA could form a potential therapeutic approach in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Rengachar P, Bhatt AN, Polavarapu S, Veeramani S, Krishnan A, Sadananda M, Das UN. Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) Protects against Ionizing Radiation-Induced Damage: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Biomolecules 2022; 12:797. [PMID: 35740923 PMCID: PMC9221136 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is pro-inflammatory in nature in view of its ability to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors with associated inflammatory cells. Cells are efficient in repairing radiation-induced DNA damage; however, exactly how this happens is not clear. In the present study, GLA reduced DNA damage (as evidenced by micronuclei formation) and enhanced metabolic viability, which led to an increase in the number of surviving RAW 264.7 cells in vitro by reducing ROS generation, and restoring the activities of desaturases, COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzymes, TNF-α/TGF-β, NF-kB/IkB, and Bcl-2/Bax ratios, and iNOS, AIM-2, and caspases 1 and 3, to near normal. These in vitro beneficial actions were confirmed by in vivo studies, which revealed that the survival of female C57BL/6J mice exposed to lethal radiation (survival~20%) is significantly enhanced (to ~80%) by GLA treatment by restoring altered levels of duodenal HMGB1, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 concentrations, as well as the expression of NF-kB, IkB, Bcl-2, Bax, delta-6-desaturase, COX-2, and 5-LOX genes, and pro- and anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, glutathione), to near normal. These in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that GLA protects cells/tissues from lethal doses of radiation by producing appropriate changes in inflammation and its resolution in a timely fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorani Rengachar
- BioScience Research Centre, Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam 530048, India; (P.R.); (S.P.)
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India;
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Delhi 110054, India;
| | - Sailaja Polavarapu
- BioScience Research Centre, Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam 530048, India; (P.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Senthil Veeramani
- Quality Assurance Laboratory, Ship Building Centre, Vishakhapatnam 530014, India;
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Queen’s NRI Hospital, Vishakhapatnam 530013, India;
| | - Monika Sadananda
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalore 574199, India;
| | - Undurti N. Das
- BioScience Research Centre, Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam 530048, India; (P.R.); (S.P.)
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalore 574199, India;
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St., Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Sangareddy 502284, India
- Department of Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai 600116, India
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16
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Essential Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Inflammation and Its Resolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121873. [PMID: 34944517 PMCID: PMC8699107 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is critical in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4/D4/E4 (LTB4/LD4/LTE4), derived from AA, are involved in the initiation of inflammation and regulation of immune response, hematopoiesis, and M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophage facilitation. Paradoxically, PGE2 suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and triggers the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) from AA to initiate inflammation resolution process and augment regeneration of tissues. LXA4 suppresses PGE2 and LTs' synthesis and action and facilitates M2 macrophage generation to resolve inflammation. AA inactivates enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, NK cells, T cells, and other immunocytes release AA and other bioactive lipids to produce their anti-microbial actions. AA, PGE2, and LXA4 have cytoprotective actions, regulate nitric oxide generation, and are critical to maintain cell shape and control cell motility and phagocytosis, and inflammation, immunity, and anti-microbial actions. Hence, it is proposed that AA plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, COVID-19, and other critical illnesses, implying that its (AA) administration may be of significant benefit in the prevention and amelioration of these diseases.
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17
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Das UN. "Cell Membrane Theory of Senescence" and the Role of Bioactive Lipids in Aging, and Aging Associated Diseases and Their Therapeutic Implications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020241. [PMID: 33567774 PMCID: PMC7914625 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are an essential constituent of the cell membrane of which polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the most important component. Activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) induces the release of PUFAs from the cell membrane that form precursors to both pro- and ant-inflammatory bioactive lipids that participate in several cellular processes. PUFAs GLA (gamma-linolenic acid), DGLA (dihomo-GLA), AA (arachidonic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are derived from dietary linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) by the action of desaturases whose activity declines with age. Consequently, aged cells are deficient in GLA, DGLA, AA, AA, EPA and DHA and their metabolites. LA, ALA, AA, EPA and DHA can also be obtained direct from diet and their deficiency (fatty acids) may indicate malnutrition and deficiency of several minerals, trace elements and vitamins some of which are also much needed co-factors for the normal activity of desaturases. In many instances (patients) the plasma and tissue levels of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA are low (as seen in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus) but they do not have deficiency of other nutrients. Hence, it is reasonable to consider that the deficiency of GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA noted in these conditions are due to the decreased activity of desaturases and elongases. PUFAs stimulate SIRT1 through protein kinase A-dependent activation of SIRT1-PGC1α complex and thus, increase rates of fatty acid oxidation and prevent lipid dysregulation associated with aging. SIRT1 activation prevents aging. Of all the SIRTs, SIRT6 is critical for intermediary metabolism and genomic stability. SIRT6-deficient mice show shortened lifespan, defects in DNA repair and have a high incidence of cancer due to oncogene activation. SIRT6 overexpression lowers LDL and triglyceride level, improves glucose tolerance, and increases lifespan of mice in addition to its anti-inflammatory effects at the transcriptional level. PUFAs and their anti-inflammatory metabolites influence the activity of SIRT6 and other SIRTs and thus, bring about their actions on metabolism, inflammation, and genome maintenance. GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), lipoxin A4 (LXA4) (pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites of AA respectively) activate/suppress various SIRTs (SIRt1 SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT4, SIRT5, SIRT6), PPAR-γ, PARP, p53, SREBP1, intracellular cAMP content, PKA activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1-α). This implies that changes in the metabolism of bioactive lipids as a result of altered activities of desaturases, COX-2 and 5-, 12-, 15-LOX (cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenases respectively) may have a critical role in determining cell age and development of several aging associated diseases and genomic stability and gene and oncogene activation. Thus, methods designed to maintain homeostasis of bioactive lipids (GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA, DHA, PGE2, LXA4) may arrest aging process and associated metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St, Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA; ; Tel.: +508-904-5376
- BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam 530048, India
- International Research Centre, Biotechnologies of the third Millennium, ITMO University, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could occur a defect in the activities of desaturases, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes leading to a decrease in the formation of their long-chain products gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. All these bioactive molecules are termed as bioactive lipids (BALs). This imbalance in the metabolites of EFAs leads to low-grade systemic inflammation and at times acute inflammatory events at specific local sites that trigger the development of various age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and immune dysfunction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, nephritis and other localized inflammatory conditions. This evidence implies that methods designed to restore BALs to normal can prevent age-related disorders and enhance longevity and health.
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