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Ding Y, Chen ZH, Cui J, Ding XY, Gao XD, Wang N. Site-directed mutagenesis leads to the optimized transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Trypanosoma brucei. Glycoconj J 2024:10.1007/s10719-024-10166-7. [PMID: 39340613 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-024-10166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) are pivotal enzymes in the degradation and remodeling of glycoproteins, which catalyze the cleavage or formation of β-1,4-glycosidic bond between two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues in N-linked glycan chains. It was investigated that targeted mutations of amino acids in ENGases active site may modulate their hydrolytic and transglycosylation activities. Endo-Tb, the ENGase derived from Trypanosoma brucei, belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 85 (GH85). Our group previously demonstrated that Endo-Tb exhibits hydrolytic activity toward high-mannose and complex type N-glycans and preliminarily confirmed its transglycosylation potential. In this study, we further optimized the transglycosylation activity of recombinant Endo-Tb by focusing on the N536A, E538A and Y576F mutants. A comparative analysis of their transglycosylation activity with that of the wild-type enzyme revealed that all mutants exhibited enhanced transglycosylation capacity. The N536A mutant exhibited the most pronounced improvement in transglycosylation activity with a significant reduction in hydrolytic activity. It is suggested that Endo-Tb N536A possesses the potential as a tool for synthesizing a wide array of glycoconjugates bearing high-mannose and complex type N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Juan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xin-Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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The Spliced Leader RNA Silencing (SLS) Pathway in Trypanosoma brucei Is Induced by Perturbations of Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Complex, or Mitochondrial Protein Factors: Functional Analysis of SLS-Inducing Kinase PK3. mBio 2021; 12:e0260221. [PMID: 34844425 PMCID: PMC8630539 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02602-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human African sleeping sickness, all mRNAs are trans-spliced to generate a common 5′ exon derived from the spliced leader (SL) RNA. Perturbations of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induce the spliced leader RNA silencing (SLS) pathway. SLS activation is mediated by a serine-threonine kinase, PK3, which translocates from the cytosolic face of the ER to the nucleus, where it phosphorylates the TATA-binding protein TRF4, leading to the shutoff of SL RNA transcription, followed by induction of programmed cell death. Here, we demonstrate that SLS is also induced by depletion of the essential ER-resident chaperones BiP and calreticulin, ER oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1), and the Golgi complex-localized quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase (QSOX). Most strikingly, silencing of Rhomboid-like 1 (TIMRHOM1), involved in mitochondrial protein import, also induces SLS. The PK3 kinase, which integrates SLS signals, is modified by phosphorylation on multiple sites. To determine which of the phosphorylation events activate PK3, several individual mutations or their combination were generated. These mutations failed to completely eliminate the phosphorylation or translocation of the kinase to the nucleus. The structures of PK3 kinase and its ATP binding domain were therefore modeled. A conserved phenylalanine at position 771 was proposed to interact with ATP, and the PK3F771L mutation completely eliminated phosphorylation under SLS, suggesting that the activation involves most if not all of the phosphorylation sites. The study suggests that the SLS occurs broadly in response to failures in protein sorting, folding, or modification across multiple compartments.
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Rogé S, Van Reet N, Odiwuor S, Tran T, Schildermans K, Vandamme S, Vandenberghe I, Vervecken W, Gillingwater K, Claes F, Devreese B, Guisez Y, Büscher P. Recombinant expression of trypanosome surface glycoproteins in Pichia pastoris for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi infection. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:571-9. [PMID: 23747105 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Serodiagnosis of surra, which causes vast economic losses in livestock, is still based on native antigens purified from bloodstream form Trypanosoma (T.) evansi grown in rodents. To avoid the use of laboratory rodents in antigen preparation we expressed fragments of the invariant surface glycoprotein (ISG) 75, cloned from T. brucei gambiense cDNA, and the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) RoTat 1.2, cloned from T. evansi gDNA, recombinantly in Pichia (P.) pastoris. The M5 strain of this yeast has an engineered N-glycosylation pathway resulting in homogenous Man5GlcNAc2 N-glycosylation which resembles the predominant Man9-5GlcNAc2 oligomannose structures in T. brucei. The secreted recombinant antigens were affinity purified with yields of up to 10mg and 20mg per liter cell culture of rISG 7529-465-E and rRoTat 1.223-385-H respectively. In ELISA, both recombinant proteins discriminated between pre-immune and immune serum samples of 25 goats experimentally infected with T. evansi. The diagnostic potential of rRoTat 1.223-385-H but not of rISG 7529-465-E was confirmed with sera of naturally infected and control dromedary camels. The results suggest that rRoTat 1.223-385-H expressed in P. pastoris requires further evaluation before it could replace native RoTat 1.2 VSG for serodiagnosis of surra, thus eliminating the use of laboratory animals for antigen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rogé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Parasite Diagnostics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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De Pourcq K, Tiels P, Van Hecke A, Geysens S, Vervecken W, Callewaert N. Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to produce glycoproteins homogeneously modified with the universal Man3GlcNAc2 N-glycan core. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39976. [PMID: 22768188 PMCID: PMC3386995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast that efficiently secretes various heterologous proteins and is classified as “generally recognized as safe.” Therefore, it is an attractive protein production host. However, yeasts modify glycoproteins with non-human high mannose-type N-glycans. These structures reduce the protein half-life in vivo and can be immunogenic in man. Here, we describe how we genetically engineered N-glycan biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica so that it produces Man3GlcNAc2 structures on its glycoproteins. We obtained unprecedented levels of homogeneity of this glycanstructure. This is the ideal starting point for building human-like sugars. Disruption of the ALG3 gene resulted in modification of proteins mainly with Man5GlcNAc2 and GlcMan5GlcNAc2 glycans, and to a lesser extent with Glc2Man5GlcNAc2 glycans. To avoid underoccupancy of glycosylation sites, we concomitantly overexpressed ALG6. We also explored several approaches to remove the terminal glucose residues, which hamper further humanization of N-glycosylation; overexpression of the heterodimeric Apergillus niger glucosidase II proved to be the most effective approach. Finally, we overexpressed an α-1,2-mannosidase to obtain Man3GlcNAc2 structures, which are substrates for the synthesis of complex-type glycans. The final Yarrowia lipolytica strain produces proteins glycosylated with the trimannosyl core N-glycan (Man3GlcNAc2), which is the common core of all complex-type N-glycans. All these glycans can be constructed on the obtained trimannosyl N-glycan using either in vivo or in vitro modification with the appropriate glycosyltransferases. The results demonstrate the high potential of Yarrowia lipolytica to be developed as an efficient expression system for the production of glycoproteins with humanized glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen De Pourcq
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Tiels
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- L-Probe, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Van Hecke
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Geysens
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Oxyrane Belgium, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Vervecken
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Oxyrane Belgium, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Unit for Medical Biotechnology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- L-Probe, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Grisard EC, Stoco PH, Wagner G, Sincero TCM, Rotava G, Rodrigues JB, Snoeijer CQ, Koerich LB, Sperandio MM, Bayer-Santos E, Fragoso SP, Goldenberg S, Triana O, Vallejo GA, Tyler KM, Dávila AMR, Steindel M. Transcriptomic analyses of the avirulent protozoan parasite Trypanosoma rangeli. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2010; 174:18-25. [PMID: 20600354 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two species of the genus Trypanosoma infective to humans have been extensively studied at a cell and molecular level, but study of the third, Trypanosoma rangeli, remains in relative infancy. T. rangeli is non-pathogenic, but is frequently mistaken for the related Chagas disease agent Trypanosoma cruzi with which it shares vectors, hosts, significant antigenicity and a sympatric distribution over a wide geographical area. In this study, we present the T. rangeli gene expression profile as determined by the generation of ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) and ORESTES (Open Reading Frame ESTs). A total of 4208 unique high quality sequences were analyzed, composed from epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of SC-58 and Choachí strains, representing the two major phylogenetic lineages of this species. Comparative analyses with T. cruzi and other parasitic kinetoplastid species allowed the assignment of putative biological functions to most of the sequences generated and the establishment of an annotated T. rangeli gene expression database. Even though T. rangeli is apathogenic to mammals, genes associated with virulence in other pathogenic kinetoplastids were found. Transposable elements and genes associated mitochondrial gene expression, specifically RNA editing components, are also described for the first time. Our studies confirm the close phylogenetic relationship between T. cruzi and T. rangeli and enable us to make an estimate for the size of the T. rangeli genome repertoire ( approximately 8500 genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo C Grisard
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-970, SC, Brazil.
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Field MC, Lumb JH, Adung'a VO, Jones NG, Engstler M. Chapter 1 Macromolecular Trafficking and Immune Evasion in African Trypanosomes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 278:1-67. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(09)78001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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