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Lukáčová N, Hricová L, Kisucká A, Papcunová Š, Bimbová K, Bačová M, Pavel J, Marsala M, Vanický I, Dzurjašková Z, Matéffy S, Lukáčová V, Stropkovská A, Gálik J. Is Innervation of the Neuromuscular Junction at the Diaphragm Modulated by sGC/cGMP Signaling? Front Physiol 2020; 11:700. [PMID: 32655417 PMCID: PMC7324717 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported NO/sGC signaling in the upper respiratory pathway, receiving input from the respiratory neurons of the brainstem to phrenic motoneurons in the C3–C6 spinal cord. In order to assess whether innervation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at the diaphragm is modulated by sGC/cGMP signaling, we performed unilateral 8-day continuous ligation of the phrenic nerve in rats. We examined sGCβ1 within the lower bulbospinal pathway (phrenic motoneurons, phrenic nerves and NMJs at the diaphragm) and the cGMP level in the contra- and ipsilateral hemidiaphragm. Additionally, we characterized the extent of phrenic nerve axonal degeneration and denervation at diaphragm NMJs. The results of our study show that continuous 8-day phrenic nerve ligation caused a marked increase in sGCβ1 (immunoreactivity and the protein level) in the ipsilateral phrenic motor pool. However, the protein sGCβ1 level in the phrenic nerve below its ligation and the cGMP level in the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm were evidently decreased. Using confocal analysis we discovered a reduction in sGCβ1-IR boutons/synaptic vesicles at the ipsilateral MNJs. These findings are consistent with the marked axonal loss (∼47%) and significant NMJs degeneration in the ipsilateral diaphragm muscle. The remarkable unilateral decrease in cGMP level in the diaphragm and the failure of EMG recordings in the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm muscle can be attributed to the fact that sGC is involved in transmitter release at the diaphragm NMJs via the sGC-cGMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadežda Lukáčová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - L'udmila Hricová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Kisucká
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Štefánia Papcunová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bimbová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Bačová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Pavel
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Marsala
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.,Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ivo Vanický
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Dzurjašková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Matéffy
- Diagnostic Center of Pathology in Prešov, Alpha Medical, s.r.o., Martin, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Lukáčová
- Faculty of Economics, Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Stropkovská
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Gálik
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on glycemic control in person with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 6:50-55. [PMID: 29067241 PMCID: PMC5644434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i) has been shown to improve insulin action on muscle glucose uptake by the prolongation of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase (PKG) signalling. Aims As the effects of PDE-5i on glycemic control in person with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been systematically explored, we conducted a meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods A literature search was performed through electronic databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), The Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL, www.clinicaltrials.gov and www.clinicaltrialresults.org until April 2016 without language restriction. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (i) RCTs of the chronic use of PDE-5i compared with placebo or no active treatment in T2DM patients (ii) reporting of HbA1c or glycated haemoglobin or fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Results Four studies involving a total of 198 patients fit into the inclusion criteria. All included studies used the same PDE-5i, sildenafil. Reports of HbA1c were analysed as only one study reported FPG. PDE-5i had no beneficial effect on HbA1c with weighted mean difference (WMD) of 0.17% (95% CI, −0.64 to 0.97). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that large and well-controlled studies are warranted to shed light on the effect of PDE-5i on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Zou L, Xu X, Zhai Z, Yang T, Jin J, Xiao F, Wang C. Identification of downstream target genes regulated by the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signal pathway in pulmonary hypertension. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:508-19. [PMID: 27048385 PMCID: PMC5536717 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516636751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the downstream target genes regulated by the nitric oxide–soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signal pathway and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods Digital gene expression tag profiling was performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed after activation of the NO-sGC-cGMP signal pathway in human pulmonary artery smooth muscles cells using 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, BAY 41-2272 and BAY 60-2770. Results were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene ontology and signal transduction network analyses were also performed. Results A number of genes were differentially expressed, including MMP1, SERPINB2, GREM1 and IL8. A total of 68 gene ontology terms and seven pathways were found to be associated with these genes. Most of these genes are involved in cell proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis, which may contribute to the pathological pulmonary vascular remodelling in PH. Conclusion These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomao Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
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Homer BL, Morton D, Bagi CM, Warneke JA, Andresen CJ, Whiteley LO, Morris DL, Tones MA. Oral administration of soluble guanylate cyclase agonists to rats results in osteoclastic bone resorption and remodeling with new bone formation in the appendicular and axial skeleton. Toxicol Pathol 2014; 43:411-23. [PMID: 25142129 DOI: 10.1177/0192623314546559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Orally administered small molecule agonists of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) induced increased numbers of osteoclasts, multifocal bone resorption, increased porosity, and new bone formation in the appendicular and axial skeleton of Sprague-Dawley rats. Similar histopathological bone changes were observed in both young (7- to 9-week-old) and aged (42- to 46-week-old) rats when dosed by oral gavage with 3 different heme-dependent sGC agonist (sGCa) compounds or 1 structurally distinct heme-independent sGCa compound. In a 7-day time course study in 7- to 9-week-old rats, bone changes were observed as early as 2 to 3 days following once daily compound administration. Bone changes were mostly reversed following a 14-day recovery period, with complete reversal after 35 days. The mechanism responsible for the bone changes was investigated in the thyroparathyroidectomized rat model that creates a low state of bone modeling and remodeling due to deprivation of thyroid hormone, calcitonin (CT), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The sGCa compounds tested increased both bone resorption and formation, thereby increasing bone remodeling independent of calciotropic hormones PTH and CT. Based on these studies, we conclude that the bone changes in rats were likely caused by increased sGC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce L Homer
- Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Morton
- Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cedo M Bagi
- Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - James A Warneke
- Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Dale L Morris
- Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael A Tones
- Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Francis SH, Blount MA, Corbin JD. Mammalian Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Functions. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:651-90. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is comprised of 11 families of enzymes. PDEs break down cAMP and/or cGMP and are major determinants of cellular cN levels and, consequently, the actions of cN-signaling pathways. PDEs exhibit a range of catalytic efficiencies for breakdown of cAMP and/or cGMP and are regulated by myriad processes including phosphorylation, cN binding to allosteric GAF domains, changes in expression levels, interaction with regulatory or anchoring proteins, and reversible translocation among subcellular compartments. Selective PDE inhibitors are currently in clinical use for treatment of erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, intermittent claudication, and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease; many new inhibitors are being developed for treatment of these and other maladies. Recently reported x-ray crystallographic structures have defined features that provide for specificity for cAMP or cGMP in PDE catalytic sites or their GAF domains, as well as mechanisms involved in catalysis, oligomerization, autoinhibition, and interactions with inhibitors. In addition, major advances have been made in understanding the physiological impact and the biochemical basis for selective localization and/or recruitment of specific PDE isoenzymes to particular subcellular compartments. The many recent advances in understanding PDE structures, functions, and physiological actions are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharron H. Francis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine-Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mitsi A. Blount
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine-Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jackie D. Corbin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine-Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharron H. Francis
- Light Hall Room 702, Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 21 and Garland, Nashville, TN 37232-0615. Phone: 615-322-4383; FAX: 615-343-3794
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Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) represent important cornerstones of cGMP signaling in various tissues. Since the discovery of PDE activity in 1962, it has become clear that the functional characteristics of PDEs and their role in cyclic nucleotide signaling are fairly complex. On the one hand, members of the PDE family responsible for the hydrolysis of cGMP affect cellular responses by shaping cGMP signals derived from the activation of soluble cytosolic and/or membrane bound particulate guanylyl cyclases. Conversely, PDEs may function as downstream effectors in the cGMP signaling cascade. To make things even more sophisticated, cGMP modulates the activity of several PDEs either directly, by binding to a regulatory domain, or indirectly, through phosphorylation, and the result can be either inhibition or stimulation of the enzyme, depending on the subtype. Furthermore, cross-talk between cGMP and cAMP signaling is achieved by cGMP-dependent modulation of PDEs hydrolyzing cAMP and vice versa. Mammals possess at least 21 PDE genes and often express a set of PDEs in a tissue- and differentiation-dependent manner. Given these premises, it is still a challenging task to elucidate the physiological function(s) of individual PDE genes. The present chapter focuses on the role of PDEs as regulators of neuronal functions. Useful information regarding this topic has been gained by studying (1) the expression pattern of PDEs in the CNS, (2) the association of PDEs with specific macromolecular signaling complexes and (3) the phenotypes associated with mutations or ablation of PDE genes in man, mice and fruit flies, respectively. PDEs degrading cGMP and/or being regulated by cGMP have been implicated in cognition and learning, Parkinson's disease, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychosis and depression. Correspondingly, modulators of PDEs have become attractive tools for treatment of these disorders of CNS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kleppisch
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, München, 80802, Germany.
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Murthy KS. Contractile agonists attenuate cGMP levels by stimulating phosphorylation of cGMP-specific PDE5; an effect mediated by RhoA/PKC-dependent inhibition of protein phosphatase 1. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1214-24. [PMID: 18204475 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In gastrointestinal smooth muscle cGMP levels in response to relaxant agonists are regulated by PKG-mediated phosphorylation and activation of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). The aim of the present study was to determine whether contractile agonists modulate cGMP levels by cross-regulating PDE5 activity and to identify the mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Dispersed and cultured muscle cells from rabbit stomach were treated with the nitric oxide donor, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), or with a contractile agonist, ACh and GSNO. PDE5 phosphorylation and activity, and cGMP levels were determined. KEY RESULTS GSNO stimulated PDE5 phosphorylation and activity and increased cGMP levels in gastric smooth muscle cells. Concurrent activation of cells with ACh augmented GSNO-stimulated PDE5 phosphorylation and activity, and attenuated cGMP levels. The effect of ACh was blocked by the m3 receptor antagonist and by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) or RhoA, but not by the m2 receptor antagonist or inhibitors of PI hydrolysis. The effects of ACh on PDE5 phosphorylation and activity, and cGMP levels were mimicked by a low concentration of tautomycin (10 nM), and a high (1 microM) but not low (1 nM) concentration of okadaic acid. PDE5 was associated with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and dephosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of PP1 but not PP2A. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In gastrointestinal smooth muscle cGMP levels are cross-regulated by contractile agonists via a mechanism that involves RhoA-dependent, PKC-mediated inhibition of PP1 activity. This leads to augmentation of PDE5 phosphorylation and activity, and inhibition of cGMP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Liu CM, Lo YC, Wu BN, Wu WJ, Chou YH, Huang CH, An LM, Chen IJ. cGMP-enhancing- and alpha1A/alpha1D-adrenoceptor blockade-derived inhibition of Rho-kinase by KMUP-1 provides optimal prostate relaxation and epithelial cell anti-proliferation efficacy. Prostate 2007; 67:1397-410. [PMID: 17639498 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) and Rho kinase (ROCK2) pathways are important in the regulation of prostate smooth muscle tone. This study is aimed to examine the relaxation activities of a sGC activator and PDE5A/ROCK2 inhibitor KMUP-1 in rat prostate and associated anti-proliferation activity in human prostatic epithelial cells. METHODS The action characteristics of KMUP-1 were identified by isometric tension measurement, receptor binding assay, Western blotting and radioimmunoassay in rat prostate. Anti-proliferation activity of KMUP-1 in human prostatic epithelial PZ-HPV-7 cells was identified using flow cytometry and real time QRT-PCR. RESULTS KMUP-1 inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractility in a concentration-dependent manner. KMUP-1 possessed potent alpha(1A/)alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor binding inhibition activity, increased cAMP/cGMP levels and increased the expression of sGC, PKG, and PKA protein in rat prostate. Moreover, KMUP-1 inhibited phenylephrine-induced ROCK2 expression. KMUP-1 inhibited cell growth, arrested the cell cycle at G(0)/G(1) phase and increased the expression of p21 in PZ-HPV-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results broaden our knowledge of sGC/cGMP/PKG and ROCK2 regulation on the relaxation and proliferation of prostate, which may help in the design of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) therapies that target these signaling pathways. KMUP-1 possesses the potential benefit in the treatment of BPH by its alpha(1A/)alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor blockade, sGC activation, inhibition of PDE5A and ROCK2 and p21 protein enhancement, leading to attenuation of the smooth muscle tone and the proliferation of epithelial PZ-HPV-7 cells. The synergistic contribution of these pathways by KMUP-1 may benefit BPH patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ma X, Sayed N, Beuve A, van den Akker F. NO and CO differentially activate soluble guanylyl cyclase via a heme pivot-bend mechanism. EMBO J 2007; 26:578-88. [PMID: 17215864 PMCID: PMC1783457 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatomic ligand discrimination by soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is paramount to cardiovascular homeostasis and neuronal signaling. Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates sGC activity 200-fold compared with only four-fold by carbon monoxide (CO). The molecular details of ligand discrimination and differential response to NO and CO are not well understood. These ligands are sensed by the heme domain of sGC, which belongs to the heme nitric oxide oxygen (H-NOX) domain family, also evolutionarily conserved in prokaryotes. Here we report crystal structures of the free, NO-bound, and CO-bound H-NOX domains of a cyanobacterial homolog. These structures and complementary mutational analysis in sGC reveal a molecular ruler mechanism that allows sGC to favor NO over CO while excluding oxygen, concomitant to signaling that exploits differential heme pivoting and heme bending. The heme thereby serves as a flexing wedge, allowing the N-terminal subdomain of H-NOX to shift concurrent with the transition of the six- to five-coordinated NO-bound state upon sGC activation. This transition can be modulated by mutations at sGC residues 74 and 145 and corresponding residues in the cyanobacterial H-NOX homolog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ma
- Department of Biochemistry/RT500, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Annie Beuve
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Focco van den Akker
- Department of Biochemistry/RT500, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biochemistry/RT500, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Tel.: +1 216 368 8511; Fax: +1 216 368 3419; E-mail:
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