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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for Cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;.
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2
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Ji J, Cheng X, Du R, Xie Y, Zhang Y. Advances in research on autophagy mechanisms in resistance to endometrial cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1364070. [PMID: 38601753 PMCID: PMC11004244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1364070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Administering medication is a crucial strategy in improving the prognosis for advanced endometrial cancer. However, the rise of drug resistance often leads to the resurgence of cancer or less-than-ideal treatment outcomes. Prior studies have shown that autophagy plays a dual role in the development and progression of endometrial cancer, closely associated with drug resistance. As a result, concentrating on autophagy and its combination with medical treatments might be a novel approach to improve the prognosis for endometrial cancer. This study explores the impact of autophagy on drug resistance in endometrial cancer, investigates its core mechanisms, and scrutinizes relevant treatments aimed at autophagy, aiming to illuminate the issue of treatment resistance in advanced endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rong Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuquan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Yurube T, Buchser WJ, Zhang Z, Silwal P, Lotze MT, Kang JD, Sowa GA, Vo NV. Rapamycin mitigates inflammation-mediated disc matrix homeostatic imbalance by inhibiting mTORC1 and inducing autophagy through Akt activation. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1303. [PMID: 38222800 PMCID: PMC10782056 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain is a global health problem that originated mainly from intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Autophagy, negatively regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, prevents metabolic and degenerative diseases by removing and recycling damaged cellular components. Despite growing evidence that autophagy occurs in the intervertebral disc, the regulation of disc cellular autophagy is still poorly understood. Methods Annulus fibrosus (rAF) cell cultures derived from healthy female rabbit discs were used to test the effect of autophagy inhibition or activation on disc cell fate and matrix homeostasis. Specifically, different chemical inhibitors including rapamycin, 3-methyladenine, MK-2206, and PP242 were used to modulate activities of different proteins in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to assess IL-1β-induced cellular senescence, apoptosis, and matrix homeostasis in rAF cells grown under nutrient-poor culture condition. Results Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR and its effector p70/S6K in rAF cell cultures. Rapamycin also induced autophagic flux as measured by increased expression of key autophagy markers, including LC3 puncta number, LC3-II expression, and cytoplasmic HMGB1 intensity and decreased p62/SQSTM1 expression. As expected, IL-1β stimulation promoted rAF cellular senescence, apoptosis, and matrix homeostatic imbalance with enhanced aggrecanolysis and MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression. Rapamycin treatment effectively mitigated IL-1β-mediated inflammatory stress changes, but these alleviating effects of rapamycin were abrogated by chemical inhibition of Akt and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). Conclusions These findings suggest that rapamycin blunts adverse effects of inflammation on disc cells by inhibiting mTORC1 to induce autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway that is dependent on Akt and mTORC2 activities. Hence, our findings identify autophagy, rapamycin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling as potential therapeutic targets for IDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yurube
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - William J. Buchser
- Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecule Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - James D. Kang
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, School of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopaedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Fu S, Liu J, Li C, Wei J, Yue H, Yang A, Wang K, Wu Y, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Structure-based drug design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine derivatives containing benzoyl hydrazine moiety as PI3Kα selective inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106738. [PMID: 37562315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) was an important cellular signal transducer, while PI3Kα was the most mutated family member in cancer. Selective PI3Kα inhibitors have become the frequent research in recent years because of their excellent curative effect and reduced side effects. Here, we described a series of PI3Kα inhibitors with 1,3,5-triazine or pyrimidine skeleton containing benzoyl hydrazine based on the pan-PI3K inhibitor ZSTK474 relying on the strategies of structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) and computer-aided drug design (CADD). Among them, compound F8 exhibited improved selective PI3Kα inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.14 nM and more significant anti-proliferative activities against three tumor-derived cell lines (PC-3 IC50 = 0.28 μM, HCT-116 IC50 = 0.57 μM, and U87-MG IC50 = 1.37 μM) than ZSTK-474. Compound F-8 induced a great decrease in mitochondrial membrane which caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis in U87-MG cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, compound F8 induced significant tumor regressions in a xenograft mouse model of U87-MG cell line with no clear evidence of toxicity following intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg. Compound F8 may serve as a PI3Kα-selective inhibitor and provided the opportunity to spare patients the side effects associated with broader inhibition of the class I PI3K family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chunting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiakuan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hao Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongshuo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Monensin, an Antibiotic Isolated from Streptomyces Cinnamonensis, Regulates Human Neuroblastoma Cell Proliferation via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Acts Synergistically with Rapamycin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030546. [PMID: 36978413 PMCID: PMC10044236 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial childhood tumor and accounts for approximately 15% of pediatric cancer-related deaths. Further studies are needed to identify potential therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma. Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces cinnamonensis with known antibacterial and antiparasitic effects. No study has reported the effects of monensin on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effects of monensin alone and in combination with rapamycin in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The effects of single and combination applications of monensin and rapamycin on SH-SY5Y cell proliferation were investigated by XTT, and their effects on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. The combined effects of monensin and rapamycin on SH-SY5Y proliferation were most potent at 72 h (combination index < 1). The combination of monensin and rapamycin caused a significant decrease in the expression of P21RAS, AKT, and MAPK1 genes. Single and combined administrations of monensin and rapamycin caused a significant decrease in PI3K/AKT expression. Our results showed for the first time that monensin exerts an antiproliferative effect by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cells. It is suggested that monensin and its combination with rapamycin may be an effective therapeutic candidate for treating neuroblastoma.
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6
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Jin X, Yin H, Bao J, Song X, Lu F, Liang J. ML792 inhibits growth and TGF-β1-induced EMT of osteosarcoma cells via TGF-β1/Smad and PI3K/AKT pathways. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2154856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Jin
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yin
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Bao
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Song
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Liang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Procince affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, People’s Republic of China
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Cimmino F, Montella A, Tirelli M, Avitabile M, Lasorsa VA, Visconte F, Cantalupo S, Maiorino T, De Angelis B, Morini M, Castellano A, Locatelli F, Capasso M, Iolascon A. FGFR1 is a potential therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:174. [PMID: 35488346 PMCID: PMC9052553 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FGFR1 regulates cell-cell adhesion and extracellular matrix architecture and acts as oncogene in several cancers. Potential cancer driver mutations of FGFR1 occur in neuroblastoma (NB), a neural crest-derived pediatric tumor arising in sympathetic nervous system, but so far they have not been studied experimentally. We investigated the driver-oncogene role of FGFR1 and the implication of N546K mutation in therapy-resistance in NB cells. METHODS Public datasets were used to predict the correlation of FGFR1 expression with NB clinical outcomes. Whole genome sequencing data of 19 paired diagnostic and relapse NB samples were used to find somatic mutations. In NB cell lines, silencing by short hairpin RNA and transient overexpression of FGFR1 were performed to evaluate the effect of the identified mutation by cell growth, invasion and cologenicity assays. HEK293, SHSY5Y and SKNBE2 were selected to investigate subcellular wild-type and mutated protein localization. FGFR1 inhibitor (AZD4547), alone or in combination with PI3K inhibitor (GDC0941), was used to rescue malignant phenotypes induced by overexpression of FGFR1 wild-type and mutated protein. RESULTS High FGFR1 expression correlated with low relapse-free survival in two independent NB gene expression datasets. In addition, we found the somatic mutation N546K, the most recurrent point mutation of FGFR1 in all cancers and already reported in NB, in one out of 19 matched primary and recurrent tumors. Loss of FGFR1 function attenuated invasion and cologenicity in NB cells, whereas FGFR1 overexpression enhanced oncogenicity. The overexpression of FGFR1N546K protein showed a higher nuclear localization compared to wild-type protein and increased cellular invasion and cologenicity. Moreover, N546K mutation caused the failure in response to treatment with FGFR1 inhibitor by activation of ERK, STAT3 and AKT pathways. The combination of FGFR1 and PI3K pathway inhibitors was effective in reducing the invasive and colonigenic ability of cells overexpressing FGFR1 mutated protein. CONCLUSIONS FGFR1 is an actionable driver oncogene in NB and a promising therapy may consist in targeting FGFR1 mutations in patients with therapy-resistant NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Cimmino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalaura Montella
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Tirelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Avitabile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Feliciano Visconte
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Maiorino
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Hematology/Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy Department, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Castellano
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.
| | - Achille Iolascon
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80145, Naples, Italy.
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Abd El-Aziz YS, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Sahni S. Emerging Role of Autophagy in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6152. [PMID: 34944772 PMCID: PMC8699656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process, which is characterized by degradation of damaged proteins and organelles needed to supply the cell with essential nutrients. At basal levels, autophagy is important to maintain cellular homeostasis and development. It is also a stress responsive process that allows the cells to survive when subjected to stressful conditions such as nutrient deprivation. Autophagy has been implicated in many pathologies including cancer. It is well established that autophagy plays a dual role in different cancer types. There is emerging role of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression. This review will focus on the role played by autophagy in relation to different aspects of cancer progression and discuss recent studies exploring the role of autophagy in OSCC. It will further discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target autophagy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna S. Abd El-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lionel Y. W. Leck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
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Meng D, He W, Zhang Y, Liang Z, Zheng J, Zhang X, Zheng X, Zhan P, Chen H, Li W, Cai L. Development of PI3K inhibitors: Advances in clinical trials and new strategies (Review). Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105900. [PMID: 34547385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are the family of vital lipid kinases widely distributed in mammalian cells. The overexpression of PI3Ks leads to hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which is considered a pivotal pathway in the occurrence and development of tumors. Hence, PI3Ks are viewed as promising therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapy. To date, some PI3K inhibitors have achieved desired therapeutic effect via inhibiting the activity of PI3Ks or reducing the level of PI3Ks in clinical trials, among which, Idelalisib, Alpelisib and Duvelisib have been approved by the FDA for treatment of ER+/HER2- advanced metastatic breast cancer and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLL). This review focuses on the latest advances of PI3K inhibitors with efficacious anticancer activity, which are classified into Pan-PI3K inhibitors, isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors based on the isoform affinity. Their corresponding structure characteristics and structures-activity relationship (SAR), together with the progress in the clinical application are mainly discussed. Additionally, the new PI3K inhibitory strategy, such as PI3K degradation agent, for the design of potential PI3K candidates to overcome drug resistance is referred as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Meng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Zhenguo Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jinling Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research [Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department document (Approval number: 2019-56)], School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, No. 28 Changshengxi Road, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nano formulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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10
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Kedra J, Lin S, Pacheco A, Gallo G, Smith GM. Axotomy Induces Drp1-Dependent Fragmentation of Axonal Mitochondria. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:668670. [PMID: 34149354 PMCID: PMC8209475 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.668670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that CNS axons fail to regenerate, undergo retrograde dieback, and form dystrophic growth cones due to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We sought to investigate the role of axonal mitochondria in the axonal response to injury. A viral vector (AAV) containing a mitochondrially targeted fluorescent protein (mitoDsRed) as well as fluorescently tagged LC3 (GFP-LC3), an autophagosomal marker, was injected into the primary motor cortex, to label the corticospinal tract (CST), of adult rats. The axons of the CST were then injured by dorsal column lesion at C4-C5. We found that mitochondria in injured CST axons near the injury site are fragmented and fragmentation of mitochondria persists for 2 weeks before returning to pre-injury lengths. Fragmented mitochondria have consistently been shown to be dysfunctional and detrimental to cellular health. Inhibition of Drp1, the GTPase responsible for mitochondrial fission, using a specific pharmacological inhibitor (mDivi-1) blocked fragmentation. Additionally, it was determined that there is increased mitophagy in CST axons following Spinal cord injury (SCI) based on increased colocalization of mitochondria and LC3. In vitro models revealed that mitochondrial divalent ion uptake is necessary for injury-induced mitochondrial fission, as inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) using RU360 prevented injury-induced fission. This phenomenon was also observed in vivo. These studies indicate that following the injury, both in vivo and in vitro, axonal mitochondria undergo increased fission, which may contribute to the lack of regeneration seen in CNS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kedra
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shen Lin
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Almudena Pacheco
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - George M Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Zhong R, Li JQ, Wu SW, He XM, Xuan JC, Long H, Liu HQ. Transcriptome analysis reveals possible antitumor mechanism of Chlorella exopolysaccharide. Gene 2021; 779:145494. [PMID: 33588036 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae, one of the most important classes of biomass producers, can produce exopolysaccharides similar to bacteria. The exopolysaccharide from Chlorella (CEPS) displays remarkable anticancer activity the mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of CEPS on the growth of HeLa cells. The results showed that CEPS inhibited the proliferation, decreased the viability, and changed the morphology of HeLa cells. Transcriptome analysis showed that 1894 genes were differentially expressed in the CEPS-treated group compared with the control group, including 1076 genes that were upregulated and 818 genes that were downregulated. The results of gene function enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in apoptosis and tumor-related biological processes and participated in several cancer and apoptosisrelated signaling pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The protein-protein interaction network identified 13 DEGs including PTPN11, RSAD2, ISG15, IFIT1, MX2, IFIT2, OASL, OAS1, JUN, OAS2, XAF1, ISG20, and IRF9 as hub genes. Our results suggest that CEPS is a promising therapeutic drug for the follow-up interventional therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhong
- Guangxi University for Nationalities, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Their Modification, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Si-Wei Wu
- Guangxi University for Nationalities, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Their Modification, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xiu-Miao He
- Guangxi University for Nationalities, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Their Modification, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jin-Cai Xuan
- Guangxi University for Nationalities, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Their Modification, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Han Long
- Guangxi University for Nationalities, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Their Modification, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Hong-Quan Liu
- Guangxi University for Nationalities, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Their Modification, Nanning 530007, China.
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12
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Methot JL, Achab A, Christopher M, Zhou H, McGowan MA, Trotter BW, Fradera X, Lesburg CA, Goldenblatt P, Hill A, Chen D, Otte KM, Augustin M, Shah S, Katz JD. Optimization of Versatile Oxindoles as Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2461-2469. [PMID: 33335668 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3,3-disubstituted oxindole moiety is a versatile and rigid three-dimensionally shaped scaffold. When engineered with a purine hinge-binding core, exceptionally selective PI3Kδ kinase inhibitors were discovered by exploiting small differences in isoform selectivity pockets. Crystal structures of early lead 2f bound to PI3Kδ and PI3Kα helped rationalize the high selectivity observed with 2f. By attenuating the lypophilicity and metabolic liabilities of an oxindole moiety, we improved the preclinical species PK and solubility and reduced adenosine uptake activity. The excellent potency and kinome selectivity of 7-azaoxindole 4d and spirooxindole 5d, together with a low plasma clearance and good half-life in rat and dog, supported a low once-daily predicted human dose.
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13
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Chen K, Shang Z, Dai AL, Dai PL. Novel PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors plus radiotherapy: Strategy for non-small cell lung cancer with mutant RAS gene. Life Sci 2020; 255:117816. [PMID: 32454155 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with RAS -mutant gene has been the most difficult obstacle to overcome. Over 25% of muted lung adenocarcinomas have RAS mutation. The prognosis of NSCLC patients with RAS-mutant genes is always poor because there is no effective drug to suppress RAS-mutant genes. NSCLC patients with RAS-mutant usually develop resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which in some cases leads to a 5-10% survival rate for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As little clinical symptom of NSCLC was presented at its early stages, thus it always brings in disappointing treatment outcome. Currently, NSCLC presents the highest morbidity and mortality all over the world. The combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors with radiotherapy is a novel strategy to improve radiosensitivity and therapeutic outcome of NSCLC with a RAS-mutant gene. There have been many preclinical studies and clinical trials on the effect of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors combined with radiotherapy in NSCLC with a RAS-mutant gene have been reported in the past years. This review provides current knowledge of the combination of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors with radiotherapy, which prove to be a significant improvement for the treatment of NSCLC patients with RAS mutations and will benefit NSCLC patients with RAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhongjun Shang
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Ai-Lin Dai
- Kunming Medical University Haiyuan School, Kunming 650100, China; Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center of Wenshan state, 663000, China
| | - Pei-Ling Dai
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650118, China; Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650100, China.
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14
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Medeiros HCD, Colturato-Kido C, Ferraz LS, Costa CA, Moraes VWR, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Tersariol ILS, Rodrigues T. AMPK activation induced by promethazine increases NOXA expression and Beclin-1 phosphorylation and drives autophagy-associated apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108888. [PMID: 31682805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Relapse and drug resistance is still major challenges in the treatment of leukemia. Promethazine, an antihistaminic phenothiazine derivative, has been used to prevent chemotherapy-induced emesis, although there is no report about its antitumor potential. Thus, we evaluated the promethazine cytotoxicity against several leukemia cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Promethazine exhibited potent and selective cytotoxicity against all leukemia cell types in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations. Philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells were the most sensitive cell line. The cytotoxicity of promethazine in these cells was triggered by the activation of AMPK and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The subsequent downstream effects were NOXA increase, MCL-1 decrease, and Beclin-1 activation, resulting in autophagy-associated apoptosis. These data highlight targeting autophagy may represent an interesting strategy in CML therapy, and also the antitumor potential of promethazine by acting in AMPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Since this drug is currently used with relative low side effects, its repurposing may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyllana C D Medeiros
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Colturato-Kido
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Ferraz
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia A Costa
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation (CIIB), University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian W R Moraes
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Department of Biochemistry, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Methot JL, Zhou H, Kattar SD, McGowan MA, Wilson K, Garcia Y, Deng Y, Altman M, Fradera X, Lesburg C, Fischmann T, Li C, Alves S, Shah S, Fernandez R, Goldenblatt P, Hill A, Shaffer L, Chen D, Tong V, McLeod RL, Yu H, Bass A, Kemper R, Gatto NT, LaFranco-Scheuch L, Trotter BW, Guzi T, Katz JD. Structure Overhaul Affords a Potent Purine PI3Kδ Inhibitor with Improved Tolerability. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4370-4382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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Identifying Biomarkers of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Transfected Nuclear Donor Cells and Transgenic Cloned Pig Embryos. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we first investigated the effects of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, and the inducer – rapamycin (RAPA) on the incidence of programmed cell death (PCD) symptoms during in vitro development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-derived embryos. The expression of autophagy inhibitor mTOR protein was decreased in porcine SCNT blastocysts treated with 3MA. The abundance of the autophagy marker LC3 increased in blastocysts following RAPA treatment. Exposure of porcine SCNT-derived embryos to 3-MA suppressed their developmental abilities to reach the blastocyst stage. No significant difference in the expression pattern of PCD-related proteins was found between non-transfected dermal cell and transfected dermal cell groups. Additionally, the pattern of PCD in SCNT-derived blastocysts generated using SC and TSC was not significantly different, and in terms of porcine SCNT-derived embryo development rates and total blastocyst cell numbers, there was no significant difference between non-transfected cells and transfected cells. In conclusion, regulation of autophagy affected the development of porcine SCNT embryos. Regardless of the type of nuclear donor cells (transfected or non-transfected dermal cells) used for SCNT, there was no difference in the developmental potential and quantitative profiles of autophagy/apoptosis biomarkers between porcine transgenic and non-transgenic cloned embryos. These results led us to conclude that PCD is important for controlling porcine SCNT-derived embryo development, and that transfected dermal cells can be utilized as a source of nuclear donors for the production of transgenic cloned progeny in pigs.
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17
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Amorim NRT, Luna-Gomes T, Gama-Almeida M, Souza-Almeida G, Canetti C, Diaz BL, Weller PF, Torres Bozza P, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bandeira-Melo C. Leptin Elicits LTC 4 Synthesis by Eosinophils Mediated by Sequential Two-Step Autocrine Activation of CCR3 and PGD 2 Receptors. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2139. [PMID: 30298073 PMCID: PMC6160734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a cytokine, produced mainly by mature adipocytes, that regulates the central nervous system, mainly to suppress appetite and stimulate energy expenditure. Leptin also regulates the immune response by controlling activation of immunomodulatory cells, including eosinophils. While emerging as immune regulatory cells with roles in adipose tissue homeostasis, eosinophils have a well-established ability to synthesize pro-inflammatory molecules such as lipid mediators, a key event in several inflammatory pathologies. Here, we investigated the impact and mechanisms involved in leptin-driven activation of eicosanoid-synthesizing machinery within eosinophils. Direct in vitro activation of human or mouse eosinophils with leptin elicited synthesis of lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase products. Displaying selectivity, leptin triggered synthesis of LTC4 and PGD2, but not PGE2, in parallel to dose-dependent induction of lipid body/lipid droplets biogenesis. While dependent on PI3K activation, leptin-driven eosinophil activation was also sensitive to pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of G-protein coupled receptors on leptin effects. Leptin-induced lipid body-driven LTC4 synthesis appeared to be mediated through autocrine activation of G-coupled CCR3 receptors by eosinophil-derived CCL5, inasmuch as leptin was able to trigger rapid CCL5 secretion, and neutralizing anti-RANTES or anti-CCR3 antibodies blocked lipid body assembly and LTC4 synthesis induced by leptin. Remarkably, autocrine activation of PGD2 G-coupled receptors DP1 and DP2 also contributes to leptin-elicited lipid body-driven LTC4 synthesis by eosinophils in a PGD2-dependent fashion. Blockade of leptin-induced PGD2 autocrine/paracrine activity by a specific synthesis inhibitor or DP1 and DP2 receptor antagonists, inhibited both lipid body biogenesis and LTC4 synthesis induced by leptin stimulation within eosinophils. In addition, CCL5-driven CCR3 activation appears to precede PGD2 receptor activation within eosinophils, since neutralizing anti-CCL5 or anti-CCR3 antibodies inhibited leptin-induced PGD2 secretion, while it failed to alter PGD2-induced LTC4 synthesis. Altogether, sequential activation of CCR3 and then PGD2 receptors by autocrine ligands in response to leptin stimulation of eosinophils culminates with eosinophil activation, characterized here by assembly of lipidic cytoplasmic platforms synthesis and secretion of the pleiotropic lipid mediators, PGD2, and LTC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália R T Amorim
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Luna-Gomes
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Instituto de Aplicação Fernando Rodrigues da Silveira, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gama-Almeida
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Souza-Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Canetti
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Diaz
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter F Weller
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patricia Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-IOC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Christianne Bandeira-Melo
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Li X, Tang Y, Yu F, Sun Y, Huang F, Chen Y, Yang Z, Ding G. Inhibition of Prostate Cancer DU-145 Cells Proliferation by Anthopleura anjunae Oligopeptide (YVPGP) via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E325. [PMID: 30208576 PMCID: PMC6165336 DOI: 10.3390/md16090325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumor mechanism of Anthopleura anjunae oligopeptide (AAP-H, YVPGP) in prostate cancer DU-145 cells in vitro and in vivo. Results indicated that AAP-H was nontoxic and exhibited antitumor activities. Cell cycle analysis indicated that AAP-H may arrest DU-145 cells in the S phase. The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian rapamycin target protein (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway in the antitumor mechanism of APP-H was investigated. Results showed that AAP-H treatment led to dose-dependent reduction in the levels of p-AKT (Ser473), p-PI3K (p85), and p-mTOR (Ser2448), whereas t-AKT and t-PI3K levels remained unaltered compared to the untreated DU-145 cells. Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in the DU-145 cells by employing inhibitor LY294002 (10 μM) or rapamycin (20 nM) effectively attenuated AAP-H-induced phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. At the same time, inhibitor addition further elevated AAP-H-induced cleaved-caspase-3 levels. Furthermore, the effect of AAP-H on tumor growth and the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in nude mouse model were also investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that activated AKT, PI3K, and mTOR levels were reduced in DU-145 xenografts. Western blotting showed that AAP-H treatment resulted in dose-dependent reduction in p-AKT (Ser473), p-PI3K (p85), and p-mTOR (Ser2448) levels, whereas t-AKT and t-PI3K levels remained unaltered. Similarly, Bcl-xL levels decreased, whereas that of Bax increased after AAP-H treatment. AAP-H also increased initiator (caspase 8 and 9) and executor caspase (caspase 3 and 7) levels. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of APP-H on DU-145 cells may involve regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which eventually promotes apoptosis via mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Thus, the hydrophobic oligopeptide (YVPGP) can be developed as an adjuvant for the prevention or treatment of prostate cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Yunping Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Fangmiao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Zhejiang Ocean University Donghai Science and Technology College, Zhoushan 316000, China.
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Guofang Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
- Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institution, Zhoushan 316021, China.
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19
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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20
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Design and synthesis of 1,4-substituted 1H-1,2,3-triazolo-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with PI3Kγ isoform selective activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1005-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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S.M. FMB, Chitra K, Joseph B, Sundararajan R, S. H. Gelidiella acerosa inhibits lung cancer proliferation. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:104. [PMID: 29558998 PMCID: PMC5861612 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of Non small cell lung cancer in which the PI3K/Akt cascade is frequently deregulated. The ubiquitous expression of the PI3K and the frequent inactivation of PTEN accounts for the prolonged survival, evasion of apoptosis and metastasis in cancer. This has led to the development of PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. Synthetic PI3K inhibitors undergoing clinical and preclinical studies are toxic in animals. Hence, there is a critical need to identify PI3K inhibitor(s) of natural origin. The current study aims to explore the efficacy of the red algae Gelidiella acerosaon inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and the expression of cell survival genes in lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. METHODS The phytoconstituents of Gelidiella acerosa were extracted sequentially with solvents of different polarity, screened qualitatively and quantitatively for secondary metabolites and characterized by GC-MS. The in-vitro studies were performed to check the efficacy of the extract on cell proliferation (MTT assay), cell invasion (scratch assay and colony formation assay), apoptosis (fluorescent, confocal microscopy and flow cytometry) and expression of apoptosis and cell survival proteins including PI3K, Akt and GSK3β and matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 and MMP9 by Western blot method. The antitumor activity of GAE was analyzed in a tumor model of Zebrafish. RESULTS The outcomes of the in vitro analysis showed an inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration and colonization by the crude extract. The analysis of protein expression showed the activation of caspases 3 and Pro apoptotic protein Bax accompanied by decreased expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. On the other hand, subsequent activation of GSK3β and down regulation of PI3K, Akt were observed. The decreased expression of MMP2 correlated with the antimetastatic activity of the extract. The in vivo studies showed an inhibition of tumor growth by GAE in Zebrafish. CONCLUSION The phytoconstituents of algal extract contributed to the anticancer properties as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. These phytoconstituents can be considered as a natural source of PI3K/Akt inhibitor for treatment of cancers involving the PI3K cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue university, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Hemalatha S.
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent University, Chennai, 600048 India
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22
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Zhang F, Chen K, Tao H, Kang T, Xiong Q, Zeng Q, Liu Y, Jiang S, Chen M. miR-25-3p, Positively Regulated by Transcription Factor AP-2α, Regulates the Metabolism of C2C12 Cells by Targeting Akt1. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518009 PMCID: PMC5877634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-25, a member of the miR-106b-25 cluster, has been reported as playing an important role in many biological processes by numerous studies, while the role of miR-25 in metabolism and its transcriptional regulation mechanism remain unclear. In this study, gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-25-3p positively regulated the metabolism of C2C12 cells by attenuating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) gene expression and triglyceride (TG) content, and enhancing the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the results from bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting demonstrated that miR-25-3p directly targeted the AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt1) 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). The core promoter of miR-25-3p was identified, and the transcription factor activator protein-2α (AP-2α) significantly increased the expression of mature miR-25-3p by binding to its core promoter in vivo, as indicated by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and AP-2α binding also downregulated the expression of Akt1. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-25-3p, positively regulated by the transcription factor AP-2α, enhances C2C12 cell metabolism by targeting the Akt1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hu Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Tingting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qi Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Qianhui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mingxin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
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Vergaro V, Civallero M, Citti C, Cosenza M, Baldassarre F, Cannazza G, Pozzi S, Sacchi S, Fanizzi FP, Ciccarella G. Cell-Penetrating CaCO₃ Nanocrystals for Improved Transport of NVP-BEZ235 across Membrane Barrier in T-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E31. [PMID: 29370086 PMCID: PMC5836063 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their nano-sized porous structure, CaCO₃ nanocrystals (CaCO₃NCs) hold the promise to be utilized as desired materials for encapsulating molecules which demonstrate wide promise in drug delivery. We evaluate the possibility to encapsulate and release NVP-BEZ235, a novel and potent dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that is currently in phase I/II clinical trials for advanced solid tumors, from the CaCO₃NCs. Its chemical nature shows some intrinsic limitations which induce to administer high doses leading to toxicity; to overcome these problems, here we proposed a strategy to enhance its intracellular penetration and its biological activity. Pristine CaCO₃ NCs biocompatibility, cell interactions and internalization in in vitro experiments on T-cell lymphoma line, were studied. Confocal microscopy was used to monitor NCs-cell interactions and cellular uptake. We have further investigated the interaction nature and release mechanism of drug loaded/released within/from the NCs using an alternative approach based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Our approach provides a good loading efficiency, therefore this drug delivery system was validated for biological activity in T-cell lymphoma: the anti-proliferative test and western blot results are very interesting because the proposed nano-formulation has an efficiency higher than free drug at the same nominal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Vergaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento & UdR INSTM di Lecce, Campus Universitario, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Monica Civallero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Diagnostica, Clinica e di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Modena & Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Citti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Maria Cosenza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Diagnostica, Clinica e di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Modena & Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesca Baldassarre
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento & UdR INSTM di Lecce, Campus Universitario, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Samantha Pozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Diagnostica, Clinica e di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Modena & Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Stefano Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Diagnostica, Clinica e di Sanità Pubblica, Università di Modena & Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento & UdR INSTM di Lecce, Campus Universitario, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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24
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PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and targeted therapy for glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33440-50. [PMID: 26967052 PMCID: PMC5078108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common malignant glioma of all the brain tumors and currently effective treatment options are still lacking. GBM is frequently accompanied with overexpression and/or mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which subsequently leads to activation of many downstream signal pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/rapamycin-sensitive mTOR-complex (mTOR) pathway. Here we explored the reason why inhibition of the pathway may serve as a compelling therapeutic target for the disease, and provided an update data of EFGR and PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in clinical trials.
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25
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Andrographolide enhances cisplatin-mediated anticancer effects in lung cancer cells through blockade of autophagy. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:967-976. [PMID: 28692436 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide and the platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin have been used as the first line of the treatment. However, the clinical effectiveness of such chemotherapy is limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance. In this study, we found that cisplatin induced autophagy that attenuated the sensitivity of both A549 and Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells to cisplatin. In contrast, the clinical drug andrographolide (Andro) suppressed autophagy and enhanced cisplatin-mediated apoptosis in these cells. Using two murine lung cancer models, including a subcutaneously inoculated LLC model and an orthotopic LLC implantation model, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the combined treatment of cisplatin and Andro. Compared with the sole cisplatin treatment, combining cisplatin with Andro potentially inhibited tumor growth, reduced the incidence of lung metastases, and relieved renal tubular damage. Moreover, the combined treatment prolonged the life span of tumor-bearing mice. TUNEL and immunohistochemistry assays showed the increase in apoptotic cells and the decrease in both conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II and Atg5 protein expression in the tumor tissues from mice with the combined treatment. These results suggest that Andro offers an ideal candidate of autophagy inhibitors in clinical application, and combination of cisplatin with Andro could be a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Raghavendra NM, Pingili D, Kadasi S, Mettu A, Prasad SVUM. Dual or multi-targeting inhibitors: The next generation anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1277-1300. [PMID: 29126724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dual-targeting/Multi-targeting of oncoproteins by a single drug molecule represents an efficient, logical and alternative approach to drug combinations. An increasing interest in this approach is indicated by a steady upsurge in the number of articles on targeting dual/multi proteins published in the last 5 years. Combining different inhibitors that destiny specific single target is the standard treatment for cancer. A new generation of dual or multi-targeting drugs is emerging, where a single chemical entity can act on multiple molecular targets. Dual/Multi-targeting agents are beneficial for solving limited efficiencies, poor safety and resistant profiles of an individual target. Designing dual/multi-target inhibitors with predefined biological profiles present a challenge. The latest advances in bioinformatic tools and the availability of detailed structural information of target proteins have shown a way of discovering multi-targeting molecules. This neoteric artifice that amalgamates the molecular docking of small molecules with protein-based common pharmacophore to design multi-targeting inhibitors is gaining great importance in anticancer drug discovery. Current review focus on the discoveries of dual targeting agents in cancer therapy using rational, computational, proteomic, bioinformatics and polypharmacological approach that enables the discovery and rational design of effective and safe multi-target anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra
- Center for Technological Development in Health, National Institute of Science and Technology on Innovation on Neglected Diseases, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Divya Pingili
- Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India; Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India
| | - Sundeep Kadasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Akhila Mettu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - S V U M Prasad
- Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India
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27
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Eritja N, Yeramian A, Chen BJ, Llobet-Navas D, Ortega E, Colas E, Abal M, Dolcet X, Reventos J, Matias-Guiu X. Endometrial Carcinoma: Specific Targeted Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 943:149-207. [PMID: 27910068 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the western world with more than 280,000 cases per year worldwide. Prognosis for EC at early stages, when primary surgical resection is the most common initial treatment, is excellent. Five-year survival rate is around 70 %.Several molecular alterations have been described in the different types of EC. They occur in genes involved in important signaling pathways. In this chapter, we will review the most relevant altered pathways in EC, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, Tyrosine kinase, WNT/β-Catenin, cell cycle, and TGF-β signaling pathways. At the end of the chapter, the most significant clinical trials will be briefly discussed.This information is important to identify specific targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Eritja
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Bo-Juen Chen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navas
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Eugenia Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventos
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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28
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Sikdar S, Datta S, Datta S. Exploring the importance of cancer pathways by meta-analysis of differential protein expression networks in three different cancers. Biol Direct 2016; 11:65. [PMID: 27993151 PMCID: PMC5168844 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-016-0168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is believed that all cancers occur due to the mutation or change in one or more genes. In order to investigate the significance of the biological pathways which are interrupted by these genetic mutations, we pursue an integrated analysis using multiple cancer datasets released by the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). This dataset consists of expression profiles for genes/proteins of patients receiving treatment, for three types of cancer - Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC). We consider pathway analysis to identify all the biological pathways which are active among the patients and investigate the roles of the significant pathways using a differential network analysis of the protein expression datasets for the three cancers separately. We then integrate the pathway based results of all the three cancers which provide a more comprehensive picture of the three cancers. Results From our analysis of the protein expression data, overall, RAS and PI3K signaling pathways appear to play the most significant roles in the three cancers - Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC). Conclusion This analysis suggests that the RAS and PI3K signaling pathways are the two most important pathways in all the three cancers and should be investigated further for their potential roles in cancers. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Joaquin Dopazo and Samiran Ghosh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinjini Sikdar
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Somnath Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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29
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Patel L, Chandrasekhar J, Evarts J, Forseth K, Haran AC, Ip C, Kashishian A, Kim M, Koditek D, Koppenol S, Lad L, Lepist EI, McGrath ME, Perreault S, Puri KD, Villaseñor AG, Somoza JR, Steiner BH, Therrien J, Treiberg J, Phillips G. Discovery of Orally Efficacious Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Inhibitors with Improved Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9228-9242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Patel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | | | - Jerry Evarts
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kristen Forseth
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Aaron C. Haran
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Carmen Ip
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Adam Kashishian
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Musong Kim
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - David Koditek
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Sandy Koppenol
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Latesh Lad
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eve-Irene Lepist
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Mary E. McGrath
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Stephane Perreault
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kamal D. Puri
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Armando G. Villaseñor
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - John R. Somoza
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bart H. Steiner
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joseph Therrien
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jennifer Treiberg
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gary Phillips
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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30
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Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Investigate the Binding Mode of the Natural Product Liphagal with Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase α. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070857. [PMID: 27367663 PMCID: PMC6274547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) is an attractive target for anticancer drug design. Liphagal, isolated from the marine sponge Aka coralliphaga, possesses the special “liphagane” meroterpenoid carbon skeleton and has been demonstrated as a PI3Kα inhibitor. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the dynamic behaviors of PI3Kα binding with liphagal, and free energy calculations and energy decomposition analysis were carried out by use of molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann (generalized Born) surface area (MM/PB(GB)SA) methods. The results reveal that the heteroatom rich aromatic D-ring of liphagal extends towards the polar region of the binding site, and the D-ring 15-hydroxyl and 16-hydroxyl form three hydrogen bonds with Asp810 and Tyr836. The cyclohexyl A-ring projects up into the upper pocket of the lipophilic region, and the hydrophobic/van der Waals interactions with the residues Met772, Trp780, Ile800, Ile848, Val850, Met922, Phe930, Ile932 could be the key interactions for the affinity of liphagal to PI3Kα. Thus, a new strategy for the rational design of more potent analogs of liphagal against PI3Kα is provided. Our proposed PI3Kα/liphagal binding mode would be beneficial for the discovery of new active analogs of liphagal against PI3Kα.
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31
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Roa I, Garcia H, Game A, de Toro G, de Aretxabala X, Javle M. Somatic Mutations of PI3K in Early and Advanced Gallbladder Cancer. J Mol Diagn 2016; 18:388-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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32
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Seiler T, Hutter G, Dreyling M. The Emerging Role of PI3K Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies: Preclinical Data and Clinical Progress to Date. Drugs 2016; 76:639-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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33
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Patel L, Chandrasekhar J, Evarts J, Haran AC, Ip C, Kaplan JA, Kim M, Koditek D, Lad L, Lepist EI, McGrath ME, Novikov N, Perreault S, Puri KD, Somoza JR, Steiner BH, Stevens KL, Therrien J, Treiberg J, Villaseñor AG, Yeung A, Phillips G. 2,4,6-Triaminopyrimidine as a Novel Hinge Binder in a Series of PI3Kδ Selective Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3532-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Patel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jayaraman Chandrasekhar
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jerry Evarts
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Aaron C. Haran
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Carmen Ip
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joshua A. Kaplan
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Musong Kim
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - David Koditek
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Latesh Lad
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eve-Irene Lepist
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Mary E. McGrath
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Nikolai Novikov
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Stephane Perreault
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kamal D. Puri
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - John R. Somoza
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bart H. Steiner
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kirk L. Stevens
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joseph Therrien
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jennifer Treiberg
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Armando G. Villaseñor
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Arthur Yeung
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gary Phillips
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E
Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
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Xie G, Yu X, Liang H, Chen J, Tang X, Wu S, Liao C. Pristimerin overcomes adriamycin resistance in breast cancer cells through suppressing Akt signaling. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3111-3116. [PMID: 27123073 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide. Chemotherapy serves an important role in the treatment of breast cancer. However, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, in particular, multi-drug resistance (MDR), is a major cause of treatment failure in cancer. Agents that can either enhance the effects of chemotherapeutics or overcome chemoresistance are urgently needed for the treatment of breast cancer. Pristimerin, a quinonemethide triterpenoid compound isolated from Celastraceae and Hippocrateaceae, has been shown to possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and insecticidal properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pristimerin can override chemoresistance in MCF-7/adriamycin (ADR)-resistant human breast cancer cells. The results demonstrated that pristimerin indeed displayed potent cytocidal effect on multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells, and that these effects occurred through the suppression of Akt signaling, which in turn led to the downregulation of antiapoptotic effectors and increased apoptosis. These findings indicate that use of pristimerin may represent a potentially promising approach for the treatment of ADR-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui'e Xie
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, P.R. China
| | - Xinpei Yu
- Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, P.R. China; Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, P.R. China
| | - Huichao Liang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Jingsong Chen
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Xuewei Tang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqing Wu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Can Liao
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
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Verlinde M, Hollmann MW, Stevens MF, Hermanns H, Werdehausen R, Lirk P. Local Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:339. [PMID: 26959012 PMCID: PMC4813201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge concerning incidence, risk factors, and mechanisms of perioperative nerve injury, with focus on local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Perioperative nerve injury is a complex phenomenon and can be caused by a number of clinical factors. Anesthetic risk factors for perioperative nerve injury include regional block technique, patient risk factors, and local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Surgery can lead to nerve damage by use of tourniquets or by direct mechanical stress on nerves, such as traction, transection, compression, contusion, ischemia, and stretching. Current literature suggests that the majority of perioperative nerve injuries are unrelated to regional anesthesia. Besides the blockade of sodium channels which is responsible for the anesthetic effect, systemic local anesthetics can have a positive influence on the inflammatory response and the hemostatic system in the perioperative period. However, next to these beneficial effects, local anesthetics exhibit time and dose-dependent toxicity to a variety of tissues, including nerves. There is equivocal experimental evidence that the toxicity varies among local anesthetics. Even though the precise order of events during local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity is not clear, possible cellular mechanisms have been identified. These include the intrinsic caspase-pathway, PI3K-pathway, and MAPK-pathways. Further research will need to determine whether these pathways are non-specifically activated by local anesthetics, or whether there is a single common precipitating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Verlinde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus F Stevens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Henning Hermanns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert Werdehausen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Philipp Lirk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent mechanism of intracellular degradation. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are highly complex and involve multiple proteins, including the kinases ULK1 and Vps34. The main function of autophagy is the maintenance of cell survival when modifications occur in the cellular environment. During the past decade, extensive studies have greatly improved our knowledge and autophagy has exploded as a research field. This process is now widely implicated in pathophysiological processes such as cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders, making it an attractive target for drug discovery. In this review, we will summarize the different types of inhibitors that affect the autophagy machinery and provide some potential therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Pasquier
- Sanofi, 13, Quai Jules Guesde, 94403, Vitry Sur Seine, France.
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Heffron TP, Heald RA, Ndubaku C, Wei B, Augistin M, Do S, Edgar K, Eigenbrot C, Friedman L, Gancia E, Jackson PS, Jones G, Kolesnikov A, Lee LB, Lesnick JD, Lewis C, McLean N, Mörtl M, Nonomiya J, Pang J, Price S, Prior WW, Salphati L, Sideris S, Staben ST, Steinbacher S, Tsui V, Wallin J, Sampath D, Olivero AG. The Rational Design of Selective Benzoxazepin Inhibitors of the α-Isoform of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Culminating in the Identification of (S)-2-((2-(1-Isopropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepin-9-yl)oxy)propanamide (GDC-0326). J Med Chem 2016; 59:985-1002. [PMID: 26741947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) isoform PI3Kα have received substantial attention for their potential use in cancer therapy. Despite the particular attraction of targeting PI3Kα, achieving selectivity for the inhibition of this isoform has proved challenging. Herein we report the discovery of inhibitors of PI3Kα that have selectivity over the other class I isoforms and all other kinases tested. In GDC-0032 (3, taselisib), we previously minimized inhibition of PI3Kβ relative to the other class I insoforms. Subsequently, we extended our efforts to identify PI3Kα-specific inhibitors using PI3Kα crystal structures to inform the design of benzoxazepin inhibitors with selectivity for PI3Kα through interactions with a nonconserved residue. Several molecules selective for PI3Kα relative to the other class I isoforms, as well as other kinases, were identified. Optimization of properties related to drug metabolism then culminated in the identification of the clinical candidate GDC-0326 (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Heffron
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Robert A Heald
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Chudi Ndubaku
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Martin Augistin
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstr. 7aD, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steven Do
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Edgar
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lori Friedman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emanuela Gancia
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Jackson
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Jones
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leslie B Lee
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John D Lesnick
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Cristina Lewis
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Neville McLean
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Mörtl
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstr. 7aD, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jim Nonomiya
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Price
- Argenta , Early Discovery Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, EssexCM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wei Prior
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Sideris
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven T Staben
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stefan Steinbacher
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH , Bunsenstr. 7aD, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wallin
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alan G Olivero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Diedrich J, Gusky HC, Podgorski I. Adipose tissue dysfunction and its effects on tumor metabolism. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:17-41. [PMID: 25781550 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing by an alarming rate in the Western world, obesity has become a condition associated with a multitude of diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and various cancers. Generally viewed as an abnormal accumulation of hypertrophied adipocytes, obesity is also a poor prognostic factor for recurrence and chemoresistance in cancer patients. With more than two-thirds of the adult population in the United States considered clinically overweight or obese, it is critical that the relationship between obesity and cancer is further emphasized and elucidated. Adipocytes are highly metabolically active cells, which, through release of adipokines and cytokines and activation of endocrine and paracrine pathways, affect processes in neighboring and distant cells, altering their normal homeostasis. This work will examine specifically how adipocyte-derived factors regulate the cellular metabolism of malignant cells within the tumor niche. Briefly, tumor cells undergo metabolic pressure towards a more glycolytic and hypoxic state through a variety of metabolic regulators and signaling pathways, i.e., phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and c-MYC signaling. Enhanced glycolysis and high lactate production are hallmarks of tumor progression largely because of a process known as the Warburg effect. Herein, we review the latest literature pertaining to the body of work on the interactions between adipose and tumor cells, and underlining the changes in cancer cell metabolism that have been targeted by the currently available treatments.
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Collier PN, Messersmith D, Le Tiran A, Bandarage UK, Boucher C, Come J, Cottrell KM, Damagnez V, Doran JD, Griffith JP, Khare-Pandit S, Krueger EB, Ledeboer MW, Ledford B, Liao Y, Mahajan S, Moody CS, Roday S, Wang T, Xu J, Aronov AM. Discovery of Highly Isoform Selective Thiazolopiperidine Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5684-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip N. Collier
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - David Messersmith
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Arnaud Le Tiran
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Upul K. Bandarage
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Christina Boucher
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jon Come
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Kevin M. Cottrell
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Veronique Damagnez
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - John D. Doran
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - James P. Griffith
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Suvarna Khare-Pandit
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Elaine B. Krueger
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Mark W. Ledeboer
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Brian Ledford
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Yusheng Liao
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Sudipta Mahajan
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Cameron S. Moody
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Setu Roday
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Jinwang Xu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Alex M. Aronov
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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40
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Santi SA, Douglas AC, Lee H. The Akt isoforms, their unique functions and potential as anticancer therapeutic targets. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:389-401. [PMID: 25962012 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt (also known as protein kinase B or PKB) is the major downstream nodal point of the PI3K signaling pathway. This pathway is a promising anticancer therapeutic target, because constitutive activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway is correlated with tumor development, progression, poor prognosis, and resistance to cancer therapies. The Akt serine/threonine kinase regulates diverse cellular functions including cell growth, proliferation, glucose metabolism, and survival. Although all three known Akt isoforms (Akt1-3) are encoded by separate genes, their amino acid sequences show a high degree of similarity. For this and other reasons, it has long been assumed that all three Akt isoforms are activated in the same way, and their functions largely overlap. However, accumulating lines of evidence now suggest that the three Akt isoforms might have unique modes of activation and many distinct functions. In particular, it has recently been found that the Akt isoforms are localized at different subcellular compartments in both adipocytes and cancer cells. In this review, we highlight the unique roles of each Akt isoform by introducing published data obtained from both in vitro and in vivo studies. We also discuss the significant potential of the Akt isoforms as effective anticancer therapeutic targets.
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41
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Peng J, Awad A, Sar S, Komaiha OH, Moyano R, Rayal A, Samuel D, Shewan A, Vanhaesebroeck B, Mostov K, Gassama-Diagne A. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110δ promotes lumen formation through the enhancement of apico-basal polarity and basal membrane organization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5937. [PMID: 25583025 PMCID: PMC5094449 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Signalling triggered by adhesion to the extracellular matrix plays a key role in the spatial orientation of epithelial polarity and formation of lumens in glandular tissues. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in particular is known to influence the polarization process during epithelial cell morphogenesis. Here, using Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells grown in 3D culture, we show that the p110δ isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase co-localizes with focal adhesion proteins at the basal surface of polarized cells. Pharmacological, siRNA- or kinase-dead-mediated inhibition of p110δ impair the early stages of lumen formation, resulting in inverted polarized cysts, with no laminin or type IV collagen assembly at cell/extracellular matrix contacts. p110δ also regulates the organization of focal adhesions and membrane localization of dystroglycan. Thus, we uncover a previously unrecognized role for p110δ in epithelial cells in the orientation of the apico-basal axis and lumen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Peng
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Aline Awad
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Sokhavuth Sar
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Ola Hamze Komaiha
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Romina Moyano
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Amel Rayal
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Didier Samuel
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Centre Hépato-Biliaire, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Annette Shewan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Keith Mostov
- Departments of Anatomy, and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143-2140
| | - Ama Gassama-Diagne
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France;-Inserm
- Unité 785, Villejuif, F-94800, France
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42
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Olsen JM, Sato M, Dallner OS, Sandström AL, Pisani DF, Chambard JC, Amri EZ, Hutchinson DS, Bengtsson T. Glucose uptake in brown fat cells is dependent on mTOR complex 2-promoted GLUT1 translocation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:365-74. [PMID: 25385184 PMCID: PMC4226734 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201403080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue is the primary site for thermogenesis and can consume, in addition to free fatty acids, a very high amount of glucose from the blood, which can both acutely and chronically affect glucose homeostasis. Here, we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 has a novel role in β3-adrenoceptor-stimulated glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue. We show that β3-adrenoceptors stimulate glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue via a signaling pathway that is comprised of two different parts: one part dependent on cAMP-mediated increases in GLUT1 transcription and de novo synthesis of GLUT1 and another part dependent on mTOR complex 2-stimulated translocation of newly synthesized GLUT1 to the plasma membrane, leading to increased glucose uptake. Both parts are essential for β3-adrenoceptor-stimulated glucose uptake. Importantly, the effect of β3-adrenoceptor on mTOR complex 2 is independent of the classical insulin-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway, highlighting a novel mechanism of mTOR complex 2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Olsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE -0691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE -0691 Stockholm, Sweden Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Olof S Dallner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE -0691 Stockholm, Sweden Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Anna L Sandström
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE -0691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7277, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1091, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambard
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7277, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1091, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Institute of Biology Valrose, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7277, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1091, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE -0691 Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Zhou J, Hu SE, Tan SH, Cao R, Chen Y, Xia D, Zhu X, Yang XF, Ong CN, Shen HM. Andrographolide sensitizes cisplatin-induced apoptosis via suppression of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in human cancer cells. Autophagy 2014; 8:338-49. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.18721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway as a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:1067-78. [PMID: 25086744 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the major causes of death in women worldwide. Despite improvements in conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery and chemotherapy, a majority of patients with advanced ovarian cancer experience relapse and eventually succumb to the disease; the outcome of patients remains poor. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is activated in approximately 70 % of ovarian cancers, resulting in hyperactive signaling cascades that relate to cellular growth, proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Consistent with this, a number of clinical studies are focusing on PI3K pathway as an attractive target in the treatment of ovarian cancer. In this review, we present an overview of PI3K pathway as well as its pathological aberrations reported in ovarian cancer. We also discuss inhibitors of PI3K pathway that are currently under clinical investigations and the challenges these inhibitors face in future clinical utility. METHODS PubMed was searched for articles of relevance to ovarian cancer and the PI3K pathway. In addition, the ClinicalTrials.gov was also scanned for data on novel therapeutic inhibitors targeting the PI3K pathway. RESULTS Genetic aberrations at different levels of PI3K pathway are frequently observed in ovarian cancer, resulting in hyperactivation of this pathway. The alterations of this pathway make the PI3K pathway an attractive therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Currently, several inhibitors of PI3K pathway, such as PI3K/AKT inhibitors, rapamycin analogs for mTOR inhibition, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are in clinical testing in patients with ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS PI3K pathway inhibitors have shown great promise in the treatment of ovarian cancer. However, further researches on selection patients that respond to PI3K inhibitors and exploration of effective combinatorial therapies are required to improve the management of ovarian cancer.
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Targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway: an emerging treatment strategy for squamous cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:980-9. [PMID: 25037117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell lung carcinoma accounts for approximately 30% of all non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Despite progress in the understanding of the biology of cancer, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard of care for patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma, but the prognosis is generally poor. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the most commonly activated signaling pathways in cancer, leading to cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. It has therefore become a major focus of clinical research. Various alterations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have been identified in squamous cell lung carcinoma and a number of agents targeting these alterations are in clinical development for use as single agents and in combination with other targeted and conventional treatments. These include pan-PI3K inhibitors, isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors, AKT inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. These agents have demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical models of NSCLC and preliminary clinical evidence is also available for some agents. This review will discuss the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in cancer and how the discovery of genetic alterations in this pathway in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma can inform the development of targeted therapies for this disease. An overview of ongoing clinical trials investigating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors in squamous cell lung carcinoma will also be included.
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Zhou Q, Li J, Yu H, Zhai Y, Gao Z, Liu Y, Pang X, Zhang L, Schulten K, Sun F, Chen C. Molecular insights into the membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3552. [PMID: 24675427 PMCID: PMC3974213 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα), a membrane-associated PI kinase, plays a central role in cell signalling and trafficking. Its kinase activity critically depends on palmitoylation of its cysteine-rich motif (-CCPCC-) and is modulated by the membrane environment. Lack of atomic structure impairs our understanding of the mechanism regulating kinase activity. Here we present the crystal structure of human PI4KIIα in ADP-bound form. The structure identifies the nucleotide-binding pocket that differs notably from that found in PI3Ks. Two structural insertions, a palmitoylation insertion and an RK-rich insertion, endow PI4KIIα with the ‘integral’ membrane-binding feature. Molecular dynamics simulations, biochemical and mutagenesis studies reveal that the palmitoylation insertion, containing an amphipathic helix, contributes to the PI-binding pocket and anchors PI4KIIα to the membrane, suggesting that fluctuation of the palmitoylation insertion affects PI4KIIα’s activity. We conclude from our results that PI4KIIα’s activity is regulated indirectly through changes in the membrane environment. Type II PI4-kinase dysfunction is associated with diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's disease; however, the development of specific modulators has been hampered by a lack of structural information. Zhou et al. present the crystal structure of PI4KIIα in its ADP-bound form, providing insight into its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangjun Zhou
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China [3]
| | - Jiangmei Li
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2]
| | - Hang Yu
- Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Yujia Zhai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- Beckman Institute and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Pang
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lunfeng Zhang
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Klaus Schulten
- 1] Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA [2] Beckman Institute and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chang Chen
- 1] National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China
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Tomei S, Wang E, Delogu LG, Marincola FM, Bedognetti D. Non-BRAF-targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy for melanoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:663-86. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.890586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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The role of key genes and pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of Malignant Mesothelioma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:232-47. [PMID: 24491449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive cancer with low survival rates and often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several players have been implicated in the development of this cancer, such as asbestos, erionite and the simian virus 40 (SV40). Here, we have reviewed the involvement of erionite, SV40, as well as, the role of several genes (p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), NF2, LATS2, SAV, CTNNB1 and among others), the pathways (RAS, PI3K, Wnt, BCL and Hippo), and their respective roles in the development of MM.
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Akinleye A, Avvaru P, Furqan M, Song Y, Liu D. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:88. [PMID: 24261963 PMCID: PMC3843585 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, adhesion, survival, and motility. Dysregulated PI3K pathway signaling occurs in one-third of human tumors. Aberrantly activated PI3K signaling also confers sensitivity and resistance to conventional therapies. PI3K has been recognized as an attractive molecular target for novel anti-cancer molecules. In the last few years, several classes of potent and selective small molecule PI3K inhibitors have been developed, and at least fifteen compounds have progressed into clinical trials as new anticancer drugs. Among these, idelalisib has advanced to phase III trials in patients with advanced indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. In this review, we summarized the major molecules of PI3K signaling pathway, and discussed the preclinical models and clinical trials of potent small-molecule PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Delong Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College and Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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50
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Autophagy benefits the replication of Newcastle disease virus in chicken cells and tissues. J Virol 2013; 88:525-37. [PMID: 24173218 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01849-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important avian pathogen. We previously reported that NDV triggers autophagy in U251 glioma cells, resulting in enhanced virus replication. In this study, we investigated whether NDV triggers autophagy in chicken cells and tissues to enhance virus replication. We demonstrated that NDV infection induced steady-state autophagy in chicken-derived DF-1 cells and in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, evident through increased double- or single-membrane vesicles, the accumulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 dots, and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. In addition, we measured autophagic flux by monitoring p62/SQSTM1 degradation, LC3-II turnover, and GFP-LC3 lysosomal delivery and proteolysis, to confirm that NDV infection induced the complete autophagic process. Inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference reduced virus replication, indicating an important role for autophagy in NDV infection. Furthermore, we conducted in vivo experiments and observed the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of NDV-infected chickens. Regulation of the induction of autophagy with wortmannin, chloroquine, or starvation treatment affects NDV production and pathogenesis in tissues of both lung and intestine; however, treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer of mammalian cells, showed no detectable changes in chicken cells and tissues. Moreover, administration of the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin increased the survival rate of NDV-infected chickens. Our studies provide strong evidence that NDV infection induces autophagy which benefits NDV replication in chicken cells and tissues.
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