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Derkaczew M, Martyniuk P, Hofman R, Rutkowski K, Osowski A, Wojtkiewicz J. The Genetic Background of Abnormalities in Metabolic Pathways of Phosphoinositides and Their Linkage with the Myotubular Myopathies, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Carcinogenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1550. [PMID: 37892232 PMCID: PMC10605126 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol belongs to one of the sugar alcohol groups known as cyclitols. Phosphatidylinositols are one of the derivatives of Myo-inositol, and constitute important mediators in many intracellular processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, receptor recycling, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane fusion. They also have even more functions that are essential for cell survival. Mutations in genes encoding phosphatidylinositols and their derivatives can lead to many disorders. This review aims to perform an in-depth analysis of these connections. Many authors emphasize the significant influence of phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositols' phosphates in the pathogenesis of myotubular myopathies, neurodegenerative disorders, carcinogenesis, and other less frequently observed diseases. In our review, we have focused on three of the most often mentioned groups of disorders. Inositols are the topic of many studies, and yet, there are no clear results of successful clinical trials. Analysis of the available literature gives promising results and shows that further research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Derkaczew
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Martyniuk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Hofman
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rutkowski
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- The Nicolaus Copernicus Municipal Polyclinical Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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Watanabe K, Sato E, Mishima E, Moriya S, Sakabe T, Sato A, Fujiwara M, Fujimaru T, Ito Y, Taki F, Nagahama M, Tanaka K, Kazama JJ, Nakayama M. Changes in Metabolomic Profiles Induced by Switching from an Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent to a Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor in Hemodialysis Patients: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12752. [PMID: 37628932 PMCID: PMC10454178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) are a new class of medications for managing renal anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition to their erythropoietic activity, HIF-PHIs exhibit multifaceted effects on iron and glucose metabolism, mitochondrial metabolism, and angiogenesis through the regulation of a wide range of HIF-responsive gene expressions. However, the systemic biological effects of HIF-PHIs in CKD patients have not been fully explored. In this prospective, single-center study, we comprehensively investigated changes in plasma metabolomic profiles following the switch from an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) to an HIF-PHI, daprodustat, in 10 maintenance hemodialysis patients. Plasma metabolites were measured before and three months after the switch from an ESA to an HIF-PHI. Among 106 individual markers detected in plasma, significant changes were found in four compounds (erythrulose, n-butyrylglycine, threonine, and leucine), and notable but non-significant changes were found in another five compounds (inositol, phosphoric acid, lyxose, arabinose, and hydroxylamine). Pathway analysis indicated decreased levels of plasma metabolites, particularly those involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and inositol phosphate metabolism. Our results provide detailed insights into the systemic biological effects of HIF-PHIs in hemodialysis patients and are expected to contribute to an evaluation of the potential side effects that may result from long-term use of this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.F.); (K.T.); (J.J.K.)
- Kidney Center, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan; (T.F.); (Y.I.); (F.T.); (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Emiko Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan;
| | - Eikan Mishima
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shinobu Moriya
- Clinical Engineering Center, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan;
| | - Takuma Sakabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.F.); (K.T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Atsuya Sato
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.F.); (K.T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Momoko Fujiwara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.F.); (K.T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Takuya Fujimaru
- Kidney Center, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan; (T.F.); (Y.I.); (F.T.); (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Yugo Ito
- Kidney Center, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan; (T.F.); (Y.I.); (F.T.); (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Fumika Taki
- Kidney Center, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan; (T.F.); (Y.I.); (F.T.); (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Masahiko Nagahama
- Kidney Center, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan; (T.F.); (Y.I.); (F.T.); (M.N.); (M.N.)
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.F.); (K.T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Junichiro James Kazama
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (A.S.); (M.F.); (K.T.); (J.J.K.)
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Kidney Center, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan; (T.F.); (Y.I.); (F.T.); (M.N.); (M.N.)
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3
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Nguyen Trung M, Kieninger S, Fandi Z, Qiu D, Liu G, Mehendale NK, Saiardi A, Jessen H, Keller B, Fiedler D. Stable Isotopomers of myo-Inositol Uncover a Complex MINPP1-Dependent Inositol Phosphate Network. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1683-1694. [PMID: 36589890 PMCID: PMC9801504 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble inositol phosphates (InsPs) represent a functionally diverse group of small-molecule messengers involved in a myriad of cellular processes. Despite their centrality, our understanding of human InsP metabolism is incomplete because the available analytical toolset to characterize and quantify InsPs in complex samples is limited. Here, we have synthesized and applied symmetrically and unsymmetrically 13C-labeled myo-inositol and inositol phosphates. These probes were utilized in combination with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (CE-MS) to investigate InsP metabolism in human cells. The labeling strategy provided detailed structural information via NMR-down to individual enantiomers-which overcomes a crucial blind spot in the analysis of InsPs. We uncovered a novel branch of InsP dephosphorylation in human cells which is dependent on MINPP1, a phytase-like enzyme contributing to cellular homeostasis. Detailed characterization of MINPP1 activity in vitro and in cells showcased the unique reactivity of this phosphatase. Our results demonstrate that metabolic labeling with stable isotopomers in conjunction with NMR spectroscopy and CE-MS constitutes a powerful tool to annotate InsP networks in a variety of biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen Trung
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse
2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kieninger
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeinab Fandi
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Danye Qiu
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guizhen Liu
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Neelay K. Mehendale
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- MRC
Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University
College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Henning Jessen
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Keller
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothea Fiedler
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut
für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse
2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Metabolomics as a Crucial Tool to Develop New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090864. [PMID: 36144268 PMCID: PMC9503806 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), share common pathological mechanisms, including metabolism alterations. However, their specific neuronal cell types affected and molecular biomarkers suggest that there are both common and specific alterations regarding metabolite levels. In this review, we were interested in identifying metabolite alterations that have been reported in preclinical models of NDs and that have also been documented as altered in NDs patients. Such alterations could represent interesting targets for the development of targeted therapy. Importantly, the translation of such findings from preclinical to clinical studies is primordial for the study of possible therapeutic agents. We found that N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol, and glutamate are commonly altered in the three NDs investigated here. We also found other metabolites commonly altered in both AD and PD. In this review, we discuss the studies reporting such alterations and the possible pathological mechanism underlying them. Finally, we discuss clinical trials that have attempted to develop treatments targeting such alterations. We conclude that the treatment combination of both common and differential alterations would increase the chances of patients having access to efficient treatments for each ND.
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Paparo SR, Ferrari SM, Patrizio A, Elia G, Ragusa F, Botrini C, Balestri E, Guarneri F, Benvenga S, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Myoinositol in Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:930756. [PMID: 35837308 PMCID: PMC9273877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.930756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoinositol (Myo) is an isoform of inositol, a cyclic polyol with 6 hydroxyl groups. Myo is mainly derived from dietary intake while its endogenous production is generated from glucose by enzymatic reactions. Moreover, Myo is also synthesized de novo by catabolism of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphoinositides (PIP), and inositol phosphates (IP). Myo has a determinant role in thyroid function and autoimmune diseases as it regulates iodine organification and thyroid hormone biosynthesis by the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in thyrocytes. Depletion of Myo that is involved in the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) signaling pathway, may cause the development of thyroid diseases such as hypothyroidism. TSH levels significantly decreased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, with or without autoimmune thyroiditis, after treatment with Myo plus Selenium (Myo+Se). In addition to TSH, antithyroid autoantibodies are reduced. This review summarizes the role of Myo in the thyroidal physiology and its role in the management of some thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Rosaria Paparo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Botrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eugenia Balestri
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Endocrinology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli,
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Röhm K, Gonzalez-Uarquin F, Harmel RK, Nguyen Trung M, Diener M, Fiedler D, Huber K, Seifert J. Investigation of a potential electrogenic transport-system for myo-inositol in the small intestine of laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:91-97. [PMID: 34297639 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1958301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Myo-inositol (MI) is an essential metabolite for cell function in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to characterise the transport mechanism of MI in the small intestine of laying hens as there is a lack of knowledge about the MI uptake mechanisms. The hypothesised secondary active, cation coupled transport of MI was assessed by electrophysiological measurements with Ussing chambers, and was compared to the electrophysiology of glucose transport.2. Twenty-six laying hens were used. The potential ion-dependent transport was tested in tissue of the small intestine. Barrier function of the tissue was shown by determining the transepithelial resistance. During the experiments, mucosal and serosal buffers were sampled to measure time-dependent changes in MI concentrations. Samples from eight hens were further used for Western blot analyses of the jejunal apical membranes.3. Active MI transport, indicated by changes in the short circuit current after MI addition, could not be demonstrated in the Ussing chambers experiments. MI was further not detectable in the serosal buffer, nor in the lysates of mucosal tissue cytoplasm nor lipids. Thus, there was no evidence for a MI transport or absorption. However, Western blot analyses of the jejunal apical membrane revealed signals indicated the expression of the MI transport proteins SMIT-1 and SMIT-2.4. In conclusion, the MI transport process in the chicken intestine is more complex than it was presumed and is probably influenced by still unknown regulations or metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Röhm
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Gonzalez-Uarquin
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R K Harmel
- Department of Chemical Biology I, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Nguyen Trung
- Department of Chemical Biology I, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Diener
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Fiedler
- Department of Chemical Biology I, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Gonzalez-Uarquin F, Rodehutscord M, Huber K. Myo-inositol: its metabolism and potential implications for poultry nutrition-a review. Poult Sci 2019; 99:893-905. [PMID: 32036985 PMCID: PMC7587644 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol (MI) has gained relevance in physiology research during the last decade. As a constituent of animal cells, MI was proven to be crucial in several metabolic and regulatory processes. Myo-inositol is involved in lipid signaling, osmolarity, glucose, and insulin metabolism. In humans and rodents, dietary MI was assessed to be important for health so that MI supplementation appeared to be a valuable alternative for treatment of several diseases as well as for improvements in metabolic performance. In poultry, there is a lack of evidence not only related to specific species-linked metabolic processes but also about the effects of dietary MI on performance and health. This review intends to provide information about the meaning of dietary MI in animal metabolism as well as to discuss potential implications of dietary MI in poultry health and performance with the aim to identify open questions in poultry research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Jia B, Yuan DP, Lan WJ, Xuan YH, Jeon CO. New insight into the classification and evolution of glucose transporters in the Metazoa. FASEB J 2019; 33:7519-7528. [PMID: 30888203 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802617r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Because glucose is an essential energy source for living organisms, glucose transporters (GLUTs) are present in all species worldwide. Encoded by the solute carrier family 2 gene family, the GLUT proteins generally have 12 transmembrane helices (TMHs). In total, 14 GLUT proteins have been identified in humans (hGLUTs), and they are divided into 3 classes on the basis of their transport characteristics and sequence similarities. Herein, we report the use of protein sequence similarity networks (SSNs) to visualize the sequence trends of 4101 GLUT proteins across the Metazoa. The SSNs separated the metazoan proteins into 3 new classes that were different from the traditional classification system. In the new system, 9 of the 14 hGLUTs (hGLUT1-5, 7, 9, 11, and 14) were grouped into class I, 3 (hGLUT10, 12, and 13) were grouped into class II, and 2 (hGLUT6 and 8) were grouped into class III, as also supported by the phylogenetic tree. Multiple sequence alignments further showed that the conserved residues in each class were different. Furthermore, the hGLUTs in each class showed unique evolutionary characteristics, with similar nonsynonymous-to-synonymous divergence ratios and similar regions under conservative selection pressure. Of note, GLUTs with 3, 6, 18, 24, and 36 TMHs were identified among the metazoan genomes, and 1 Chinese hamster protein with 6 TMHs showed GLUT activity. In summary, this large-scale sequence analysis provided new insights into the classification and evolution of GLUTs and further showed that gene duplication and fusion could have been important drivers during the evolution of these transporter molecules.-Jia, B., Yuan, D. P., Lan, W. J., Xuan, Y. H., Jeon, C. O. New insight into the classification and evolution of glucose transporters in the Metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China.,Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - De Peng Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Jun Lan
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) make up only a small fraction of cellular phospholipids, yet they control almost all aspects of a cell's life and death. These lipids gained tremendous research interest as plasma membrane signaling molecules when discovered in the 1970s and 1980s. Research in the last 15 years has added a wide range of biological processes regulated by PIs, turning these lipids into one of the most universal signaling entities in eukaryotic cells. PIs control organelle biology by regulating vesicular trafficking, but they also modulate lipid distribution and metabolism via their close relationship with lipid transfer proteins. PIs regulate ion channels, pumps, and transporters and control both endocytic and exocytic processes. The nuclear phosphoinositides have grown from being an epiphenomenon to a research area of its own. As expected from such pleiotropic regulators, derangements of phosphoinositide metabolism are responsible for a number of human diseases ranging from rare genetic disorders to the most common ones such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that a number of infectious agents hijack the PI regulatory systems of host cells for their intracellular movements, replication, and assembly. As a result, PI converting enzymes began to be noticed by pharmaceutical companies as potential therapeutic targets. This review is an attempt to give an overview of this enormous research field focusing on major developments in diverse areas of basic science linked to cellular physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Program for Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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10
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Zheng T, Liu L, Aa J, Wang G, Cao B, Li M, Shi J, Wang X, Zhao C, Gu R, Zhou J, Xiao W, Yu X, Sun R, Zhou Y, Zuo Y, Zhu X. Metabolic phenotype of rats exposed to heroin and potential markers of heroin abuse. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 127:177-86. [PMID: 22840430 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics allows the high-throughput analysis of low molecular mass compounds in biofluids, which can reflect the metabolic response of the body to heroin exposure and potentially reveal biomarkers of heroin abuse. METHODS Heroin was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats in increasing doses from 3 to 16.5 mg kg(-1)d(-1) (i.p.) for 10 days, then withdrawn and re-administered for 4 days. The analytes in serum and urine were profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and metabolic patterns were evaluated based on the metabolomics data. RESULTS Both the administration and withdrawal of heroin resulted in aberrant behaviour in the rats; however, the rats gradually became adapted to heroin. Metabolomics data showed that heroin administration caused deviations in the metabolic patterns, whereas heroin withdrawal restored the metabolic patterns towards baseline. Re-administration of heroin caused the metabolic patterns to deviate again. Analysis of the metabolites revealed that heroin induced an acceleration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the metabolism of free fatty acids that may contribute to the reduction in observed body weight in the heroin group. Heroin administration decreased tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in peripheral serum but increased urinary tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetate. Withdrawal of heroin for 4 days efficiently restored all metabolites to baseline, except serum myo-inositol-1-phosphate, threonate, and hydroxyproline in the urine. CONCLUSIONS Heroin administration significantly perturbed metabolic pathways, elevated energy metabolism, whereas heroin withdrawal restored all but a few metabolites to baseline. These peripheral metabolites were indicated as the surrogates characterising the metabolic effect of heroin on central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjia Road, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Song D, Li B, Yan E, Man Y, Wolfson M, Chen Y, Peng L. Chronic Treatment with Anti-bipolar Drugs Causes Intracellular Alkalinization in Astrocytes, Altering Their Functions. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:2524-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Donà G, Sabbadin C, Fiore C, Bragadin M, Giorgino FL, Ragazzi E, Clari G, Bordin L, Armanini D. Inositol administration reduces oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:703-10. [PMID: 22223702 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Possibly due to a deficiency of insulin mediators, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with insulin resistance (IR) and hyperinsulinemia, likely responsible for an elevated production of reactive oxygen species. We investigated oxidative-related alterations in erythrocytes and anti-inflammatory effects of inositol in women with PCOS before and after treatment with myo-inositol (MYO). METHODS Twenty-six normal-weight PCOS patients were investigated before and after MYO administration (1200 mg/day for 12 weeks; n=18) or placebo (n=8) by evaluating serum testosterone, serum androstenedione, fasting serum insulin, fasting serum glucose, insulin area under the curve (AUC), and glucose AUC after oral glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model of assessment-IR. In erythrocytes, band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr-P) level, glutathione (GSH) content, and glutathionylated proteins (GSSP) were also assessed. RESULTS Data show that PCOS patients' erythrocytes underwent oxidative stress as indicated by band 3 Tyr-P values, reduced cytosolic GSH content, and increased membrane protein glutathionylation. MYO treatment significantly improved metabolic and biochemical parameters. Significant reductions were found in IR and serum values of androstenedione and testosterone. A significant association between band 3 Tyr-P levels and insulin AUC was found at baseline but disappeared after MYO treatment, while a correlation between band 3 Tyr-P and testosterone levels was detected both before and after MYO treatment. CONCLUSIONS PCOS patients suffer from a systemic inflammatory status that induces erythrocyte membrane alterations. Treatment with MYO is effective in reducing hormonal, metabolic, and oxidative abnormalities in PCOS patients by improving IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Donà
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo 3, Padua, Italy
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Kage-Nakadai E, Uehara T, Mitani S. H+/myo-inositol transporter genes, hmit-1.1 and hmit-1.2, have roles in the osmoprotective response in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:471-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Employing multiple models, methods and mechanisms in bipolar disorder research. Biochem Soc Trans 2009; 37:1077-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0371077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BD (bipolar disorder) is a devastating condition, giving rise to debilitating mood swings and a greatly increased likelihood of suicide. Research into the origins, progression and treatment of BD has been slow, primarily due to lack of suitable model systems for BD research. However, the complexity of the neurological basis for mood, variability in patient populations and the lack of clear readouts for BD diagnosis also provide significant problems for research in this area. In this Biochemical Society Focused Meeting, held at Royal Holloway University of London, approx. 40 national and international delegates met to discuss current research into understanding BD. The talks presented at this conference covered research examining the genetic basis of the disorder, changes in patient populations, pharmacological actions of BD drugs and the development of new models systems for this research. The focus of these talks and the following papers is to help to unify and disseminate research into this important but poorly understood medical condition.
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