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Parab A, Bhatt LK. T-cell metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: focus on mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024; 46:378-384. [PMID: 38478010 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2330645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by immune cell dysregulation, synovial hyperplasia, and progressive cartilage destruction. The loss of immunological self-tolerance against autoantigens is the crucial insult responsible for the pathogenesis of RA. These immune abnormalities are experienced many years before the onset of clinical arthritis. OBJECTIVE This review aims to discuss the metabolic status of T-cells in RA and focuses mainly on mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions involved in altering the T-cell metabolism. DISCUSSION T-cells are identified as the primary initiators of immunological abnormalities in RA. These RA T-cells show a distinct metabolic pattern compared to the healthy individuals. Dampened glycolytic flux, poor ATP production, and shifting of glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway resulting in increased NADPH and decreased ROS levels are the common metabolic patterns observed in RA T-cells. Defective mtDNA due to lack of MRE11A gene, a key molecular actor for resection, and inefficient lysosomal function due to misplacement of AMPK on the lysosomal surface were found to be responsible for mitochondrial and lysosome dysfunction in RA. Targeting this mechanism in RA can alleviate aggressive T-cell phenotype and may control the severity of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Parab
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
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Jacksi M, Schad E, Tantos A. Morphological Changes Induced by TKS4 Deficiency Can Be Reversed by EZH2 Inhibition in Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:445. [PMID: 38672463 PMCID: PMC11047920 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scaffold protein tyrosine kinase substrate 4 (TKS4) undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway via Src kinase. The TKS4 deficiency in humans is responsible for the manifestation of a genetic disorder known as Frank-Ter Haar syndrome (FTHS). Based on our earlier investigation, the absence of TKS4 triggers migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenomena while concurrently suppressing cell proliferation in HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells. This indicates that TKS4 may play a unique role in the progression of cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and the histone methyltransferase of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) are involved in the migration, invasion, and EMT-like changes in TKS4-deficient cells (KO). EZH2 is responsible for the maintenance of the trimethylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). METHODS We performed transcriptome sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, protein and RNA quantitative studies, cell mobility, invasion, and proliferation studies combined with/without the EZH2 activity inhibitor 3-deazanoplanocine (DZNep). RESULTS We detected an elevation of global H3K27me3 levels in the TKS4 KO cells, which could be reduced with treatment with DZNep, an EZH2 inhibitor. Inhibition of EZH2 activity reversed the phenotypic effects of the knockout of TKS4, reducing the migration speed and wound healing capacity of the cells as well as decreasing the invasion capacity, while the decrease in cell proliferation became stronger. In addition, inhibition of EZH2 activity also reversed most epithelial and mesenchymal markers. We investigated the wider impact of TKS4 deletion on the gene expression profile of colorectal cancer cells using transcriptome sequencing of wild-type and TKS4 knockout cells, particularly before and after treatment with DZNep. Additionally, we observed changes in the expression of several protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs that showed a recovery in expression levels following EZH2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the removal of TKS4 causes a notable disruption in the gene expression pattern, leading to the disruption of several signal transduction pathways. Inhibiting the activity of EZH2 can restore most of these transcriptomics and phenotypic effects in colorectal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mevan Jacksi
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.J.); (E.S.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok 42002, Iraq
| | - Eva Schad
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.J.); (E.S.)
| | - Agnes Tantos
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (M.J.); (E.S.)
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Lin CY, Wu KY, Chi LM, Tang YH, Huang HJ, Lai CH, Tsai CN, Tsai CL. Starvation-inactivated MTOR triggers cell migration via a ULK1-SH3PXD2A/TKS5-MMP14 pathway in ovarian carcinoma. Autophagy 2023; 19:3151-3168. [PMID: 37505094 PMCID: PMC10621272 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2239633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; CHX: cycloheximide; RAD001: everolimus; HBSS: Hanks' balanced salt solution; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry; MMP14: matrix metallopeptidase 14; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PX: phox homology; SH3: Src homology 3; SH3PXD2A/TKS5: SH3 and PX domains 2A; SH3PXD2A-[6A]: S112A S142A S146A S147A S175A S348A mutant; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yun Lin
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Wu
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Ming Chi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsin Tang
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jean Huang
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center And Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Neu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, New Taipei Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Tucheng District, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Guishan District, Taiwan
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Díaz Méndez AB, Sacconi A, Tremante E, Lulli V, Caprara V, Rosanò L, Goeman F, Carosi M, Di Giuliani M, Vari G, Silvani A, Pollo B, Garufi C, Ramponi S, Simonetti G, Ciusani E, Mandoj C, Scalera S, Villani V, Po A, Ferretti E, Regazzo G, Rizzo MG. A diagnostic circulating miRNA signature as orchestrator of cell invasion via TKS4/TKS5/EFHD2 modulation in human gliomas. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:66. [PMID: 36932446 PMCID: PMC10022260 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered microRNA profiles have been observed not only in tumour tissues but also in biofluids, where they circulate in a stable form thus representing interesting biomarker candidates. This study aimed to identify a microRNA signature as a non-invasive biomarker and to investigate its impact on glioma biology. METHODS MicroRNAs were selected using a global expression profile in preoperative serum samples from 37 glioma patients. Comparison between serum samples from age and gender-matched controls was performed by using the droplet digital PCR. The ROC curve and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic/prognostic values. The functional role of the identified signature was assessed by gain/loss of function strategies in glioma cells. RESULTS A three-microRNA signature (miR-1-3p/-26a-1-3p/-487b-3p) was differentially expressed in the serum of patients according to the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes mutation status and correlated with both patient Overall and Progression Free Survival. The identified signature was also downregulated in the serum of patients compared to controls. Consistent with these results, the signature expression and release in the conditioned medium of glioma cells was lower in IDH-wild type cells compared to the mutated counterpart. Furthermore, in silico analysis of glioma datasets showed a consistent deregulation of the signature according to the IDH mutation status in glioma tumour tissues. Ectopic expression of the signature negatively affects several glioma functions. Notably, it impacts the glioma invasive phenotype by directly targeting the invadopodia-related proteins TKS4, TKS5 and EFHD2. CONCLUSIONS We identified a three microRNA signature as a promising complementary or even an independent non-invasive diagnostic/prognostic biomarker. The signature displays oncosuppressive functions in glioma cells and impacts on proteins crucial for migration and invasion, providing potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Díaz Méndez
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Tremante
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Lulli
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Caprara
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Frauke Goeman
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Carosi
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Giuliani
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Vari
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- grid.7841.aPhD Program in Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Silvani
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Pollo
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Garufi
- grid.416308.80000 0004 1805 3485Medical-Oncology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ramponi
- grid.416308.80000 0004 1805 3485Medical-Oncology Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- grid.417894.70000 0001 0707 5492Neuro-Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mandoj
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Clinical Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Scalera
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941PhD Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Regazzo
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Rizzo
- grid.417520.50000 0004 1760 5276Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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Role of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Immunometabolism Dysfunctions. Inflammation 2023; 46:88-102. [PMID: 36215002 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Evidence demonstrated that metabolic-associated T cell abnormalities could be detected in the early stage of RA development. In this context, molecular evaluations have revealed changes in metabolic pathways, leading to the aggressive phenotype of RA T cells. A growing list of genes is downregulated or upregulated in RA T cells, and most of these genes with abnormal expression fall into the category of metabolic pathways. It has been shown that RA T cells shunt glucose towards the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is associated with a high level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and intermediate molecules. An increased level of NADPH inhibits ATM activation and thereby increases the proliferation capabilities of the RA T cells. Defects in the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A cause failures in repairing mitochondrial DNA, resulting in inhibiting the fatty acid oxidation pathway and further elevated cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Accumulated lipid droplets employ to generate lipid membranes for the cell building program and are also used to form the front-end membrane ruffles that are accomplices with invasive phenotypes of RA T cells. Metabolic pathway involvement in RA pathogenesis expands the pathogenic concept of the disease beyond the common view of autoimmunity triggered by autoantigen recognition. Increased knowledge about metabolic pathways' implications in RA pathogenesis paves the way to understand better the environment/gene interactions and host/microbiota interactions and introduce potential therapeutic approaches. This review summarized emerging data about the roles of T cells in RA pathogenesis with a focus on immunometabolism dysfunctions and how these metabolic alterations can affect the disease process.
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Zhang Z, Yan W, Ji Y. A novel manganese dioxide-based drug delivery strategy via in situ coating γ-polyglutamic acid/cisplatin for intelligent anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:667-674. [PMID: 36541339 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01659a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs due to its broad-spectrum and potent antitumor activity. Unfortunately, inactivation due to glutathione (GSH) substances and insufficient cellular uptake of CDDP greatly hinder its clinical applications. Herein, manganese dioxide (MnO2) was reported as an efficient glutathione (GSH) consumption material for promoting the accumulation and preventing premature leakage of CDDP in tumor cells. In this work, γ-polyglutamic acid/cisplatin (PGA/CDDP) conjugates and PGA/CDDP nanoparticles (NPs) were respectively constructed via the ligand exchange reaction and electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, PGA/CDDP NPs were in situ coated with MnO2 (PGA/CDDP@MnO2 NPs) through the redox reaction of the residual carboxyl group (-COOH) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4). As a result, the PGA/CDDP@MnO2 NPs achieved a satisfactory drug-loading efficiency (ca. 37.26%) and multi-responsive controlled drug release. Remarkably, the MnO2 shells exhibited excellent performance for efficient glutathione (GSH) consumption and significantly enhanced the killing effect (ca. 2-3 times) in human lung cancer cells (A549) compared with pure CDDP. Moreover, it was observed that PGA/CDDP@MnO2 NPs could also inhibit the migration and invasion of A549 cells. Overall, these remarkable performances of PGA/CDDP@MnO2 NPs make MnO2 promising for controlled drug release and intelligent anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Weichen Yan
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Lebel M, Cliche DO, Charbonneau M, Adam D, Brochiero E, Dubois CM, Cantin AM. Invadosome Formation by Lung Fibroblasts in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010499. [PMID: 36613948 PMCID: PMC9820272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by abnormal fibroblast accumulation in the lung leading to extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling that compromise lung function. However, the mechanisms of interstitial invasion and remodeling by lung fibroblasts remain poorly understood. The invadosomes, initially described in cancer cells, consist of actin-based adhesive structures that coordinate with numerous other proteins to form a membrane protrusion capable of degrading the extracellular matrix to promote their invasive phenotype. In this regard, we hypothesized that invadosome formation may be increased in lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF. Public RNAseq datasets from control and IPF lung tissues were used to identify differentially expressed genes associated with invadosomes. Lung fibroblasts isolated from bleomycin-exposed mice and IPF patients were seeded with and without the two approved drugs for treating IPF, nintedanib or pirfenidone on fluorescent gelatin-coated coverslips for invadosome assays. Several matrix and invadosome-associated genes were increased in IPF tissues and in IPF fibroblastic foci. Invadosome formation was significantly increased in lung fibroblasts isolated from bleomycin-exposed mice and IPF patients. The degree of lung fibrosis found in IPF tissues correlated strongly with invadosome production by neighboring cells. Nintedanib suppressed IPF and PDGF-activated lung fibroblast invadosome formation, an event associated with inhibition of the PDGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway and TKS5 expression. Fibroblasts derived from IPF lung tissues express a pro-invadosomal phenotype, which correlates with the severity of fibrosis and is responsive to antifibrotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Lebel
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Dominic O. Cliche
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Martine Charbonneau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Damien Adam
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Claire M. Dubois
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - André M. Cantin
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +819-346-1110 (ext. 14881)
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Kato K, Miyazawa H, Kawashiri S, Lambert DW. Tumour: Fibroblast Interactions Promote Invadopodia-Mediated Migration and Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5277440. [PMID: 36471888 PMCID: PMC9719419 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5277440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the progression of cancer, interactions between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles. Cancer cell invasion is facilitated by filamentous actin (F-actin)-rich membrane protrusions called invadopodia, and the relationship between CAFs and invadopodia has been unclear. We used oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to investigate CAFs' effects on the formation of invadopodia, and we assessed the expressions of invadopodia markers and CAF markers ex vivo and their relationship with clinical parameters and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effect of culture with normal oral fibroblast (NOF)-derived and CAF-derived conditioned medium on the migration and invasion of two OSCC-derived cell lines using Transwells in the absence/presence of Matrigel. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry were conducted to assess the expressions of the invadopodia markers tyrosine kinase substrate 5 (Tks5) and membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). We also used immunohistochemistry to examine patients with OSCC for an evaluation of the relationship between the CAF marker alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and the expression of Tks5. The patients' survival was also assessed. RESULTS Compared to the use of culture medium alone, NOF-CM and CAF-CM both significantly increased the OSCC cells' migration and invasion (p < 0.05), and they significantly increased the expressions of both Tks5 and MT1-MMP. After the depletion of Tks5, the OSCC cells' migration and invasion abilities decreased. The expression of Tks5 and that of αSMA were correlated with poor survival, and a high expression of both markers was associated with an especially poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the formation of invadopodia is (i) important for OSCC cells' migration and invasion and (ii) regulated by the interaction of OSCC cells and stromal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koroku Kato
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyazawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawashiri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara Machi, Kanazawa 9208641, Japan
| | - Daniel W. Lambert
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK
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Mitre GP, Balbinot KM, Ribeiro ALR, da Silva Kataoka MS, de Melo Alves Júnior S, de Jesus Viana Pinheiro J. Key proteins of invadopodia are overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma suggesting an important role of MT1-MMP in the tumoral progression. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:33. [PMID: 33879222 PMCID: PMC8059181 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most relevant malignant neoplasm among all head and neck tumours due to its high prevalence and unfavourable prognosis. Tumour invasion and metastasis that affect prognosis are result of a set of complex events that cells with invasive potential use to spread to other regions. These cells use several mechanisms to invade tissues, including a type of finger-like membrane protrusion called invadopodia. This study aims to investigate the immunoexpression of invaopodia related-proteins TKs5, cortactin, TKs4 and MT1-MMP in OSCC and correlate it to clinicopathological data. METHODS An immunohistochemical evaluation of fifty cases of OSCCs and 20 cases of oral mucosa (OM) were assessed. The expression of invadopodia proteins were analysed in comparison to normal tissue (OM) and correlated to different clinical-stage and histological grade of OSCC. RESULTS TKs5, cortactin, TKs4 and MT1-MMP were significantly overexpressed in OSCC when compared to OM (p < 0.0001). Among tumour stages, TKs5 showed a statistical difference in immunolabelling between stage I and III (p = 0.026). Cortactin immunolabelling was statistically higher in grade I than in grade II and III. No differences were seen on TKs4 expression based on tumour staging or grading. MT1-MMP was higher expressed and showed statistical difference between stages I and III and grades I compared to II and III. CONCLUSIONS The invadopodia related-proteins were found to be overexpressed in OSCC when compared to OM, suggesting invadopodia formation and activity. Besides overexpressed in OSCC, cortactin, TKs4 and TKs5 showed no or ambiguous differences in protein expression when compared among clinical-stages or histological grades groups. Conversely, the expression of MT1-MMP increased in advanced stages and less differentiated tumours, suggesting MT1-MMP expression as a promising prognostic marker in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanni Pereira Mitre
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Cell Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, PA, 66075110, Belém, Brazil
| | - Karolyny Martins Balbinot
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Cell Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, PA, 66075110, Belém, Brazil
| | - André Luis Ribeiro Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Cell Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, PA, 66075110, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Sueli da Silva Kataoka
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Cell Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, PA, 66075110, Belém, Brazil
| | - Sérgio de Melo Alves Júnior
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Cell Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, PA, 66075110, Belém, Brazil
| | - João de Jesus Viana Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry, School of Dentistry, Cell Culture Laboratory, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, PA, 66075110, Belém, Brazil.
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10
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Yang X, Sasano T, Ebana Y, Takeuchi JK, Ihara K, Yamazoe M, Furukawa T. Functional Role of the L396R Mutation of Tks5 Identified by an Exome-Wide Association Study in Atrial Fibrillation. Circ J 2020; 84:2148-2157. [PMID: 33087629 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia; however, the current treatment strategies for AF have limited efficacy. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying AF is important for future therapeutic strategy. A previous study (Exome-Wide Association Study (ExWAS)) identified a rare variant, rs202011870 (MAF=0.00036, GenomAD), which is highly associated with AF (OR=3.617, P<0.0001). rs202011870 results in the replacement of Leu at 396 with Arg (L396R) in a molecule, Tks5; however, the mechanism of how rs202011870 links to AF is completely unknown.Methods and Results:The association of rs202011870 with AF was examined in 3,378 participants (641 control and 2,737 AF cases) from 4 independent cohorts by using an Invader assay. Consequences of rs202011870 in migration ability, podosome formation, and expression of inflammation-related molecules in macrophages were examined using RAW264.7 cells with a trans-well assay, immunocytochemistry, and qPCR assay. Validation of the association of rs202011870 with AF was successful. In vitro studies showed that RAW264.7 cells with L396R-Tks5 increased trans-well migration ability, and enhanced podosome formation. RAW264.7 cells with L396R-Tks5 also increased the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-related molecules. CONCLUSIONS L396R mutation in Tks5 associated with AF enhances migration of macrophages and their inflammatory features, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- Department of Bio-information Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Yusuke Ebana
- Department of Bio-information Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Life Science and Bioethics Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental Science
| | - Jun K Takeuchi
- Department of Bio-information Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kensuke Ihara
- Department of Bio-information Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Department of Bio-information Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Department of Biofunctional Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bio-information Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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11
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Advances in Understanding TKS4 and TKS5: Molecular Scaffolds Regulating Cellular Processes from Podosome and Invadopodium Formation to Differentiation and Tissue Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218117. [PMID: 33143131 PMCID: PMC7663256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold proteins are typically thought of as multi-domain "bridging molecules." They serve as crucial regulators of key signaling events by simultaneously binding multiple participants involved in specific signaling pathways. In the case of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) binding, the activated EGFR contacts cytosolic SRC tyrosine-kinase, which then becomes activated. This process leads to the phosphorylation of SRC-substrates, including the tyrosine kinase substrates (TKS) scaffold proteins. The TKS proteins serve as a platform for the recruitment of key players in EGFR signal transduction, promoting cell spreading and migration. The TKS4 and the TKS5 scaffold proteins are tyrosine kinase substrates with four or five SH3 domains, respectively. Their structural features allow them to recruit and bind a variety of signaling proteins and to anchor them to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. Until recently, TKS4 and TKS5 had been recognized for their involvement in cellular motility, reactive oxygen species-dependent processes, and embryonic development, among others. However, a number of novel functions have been discovered for these molecules in recent years. In this review, we attempt to cover the diverse nature of the TKS molecules by discussing their structure, regulation by SRC kinase, relevant signaling pathways, and interaction partners, as well as their involvement in cellular processes, including migration, invasion, differentiation, and adipose tissue and bone homeostasis. We also describe related pathologies and the established mouse models.
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12
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Mierke CT. Mechanical Cues Affect Migration and Invasion of Cells From Three Different Directions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583226. [PMID: 33043017 PMCID: PMC7527720 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion is a key driving factor for providing essential cellular functions under physiological conditions or the malignant progression of tumors following downward the metastatic cascade. Although there has been plentiful of molecules identified to support the migration and invasion of cells, the mechanical aspects have not yet been explored in a combined and systematic manner. In addition, the cellular environment has been classically and frequently assumed to be homogeneous for reasons of simplicity. However, motility assays have led to various models for migration covering only some aspects and supporting factors that in some cases also include mechanical factors. Instead of specific models, in this review, a more or less holistic model for cell motility in 3D is envisioned covering all these different aspects with a special emphasis on the mechanical cues from a biophysical perspective. After introducing the mechanical aspects of cell migration and invasion and presenting the heterogeneity of extracellular matrices, the three distinct directions of cell motility focusing on the mechanical aspects are presented. These three different directions are as follows: firstly, the commonly used invasion tests using structural and structure-based mechanical environmental signals; secondly, the mechano-invasion assay, in which cells are studied by mechanical forces to migrate and invade; and thirdly, cell mechanics, including cytoskeletal and nuclear mechanics, to influence cell migration and invasion. Since the interaction between the cell and the microenvironment is bi-directional in these assays, these should be accounted in migration and invasion approaches focusing on the mechanical aspects. Beyond this, there is also the interaction between the cytoskeleton of the cell and its other compartments, such as the cell nucleus. In specific, a three-element approach is presented for addressing the effect of mechanics on cell migration and invasion by including the effect of the mechano-phenotype of the cytoskeleton, nucleus and the cell's microenvironment into the analysis. In precise terms, the combination of these three research approaches including experimental techniques seems to be promising for revealing bi-directional impacts of mechanical alterations of the cellular microenvironment on cells and internal mechanical fluctuations or changes of cells on the surroundings. Finally, different approaches are discussed and thereby a model for the broad impact of mechanics on cell migration and invasion is evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prototypic autoimmune disease manifesting as chronic inflammation of the synovium and leading to acceleration of cardiovascular disease and shortening of life expectancy. The basic defect causing autoimmunity has remained elusive, but recent insights have challenged the notion that autoantigen is the core driver. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging data have added metabolic cues involved in the proper maintenance and activation of immune cells as pathogenic regulators. Specifically, studies have unveiled metabolic pathways that enforce T cell fate decisions promoting tissue inflammation; including T cell tissue invasiveness, T cell cytokine release, T cell-dependent macrophage activation and inflammatory T cell death. At the center of the metabolic abnormalities lies the mitochondria, which is consistently underperforming in RA T cells. The mitochondrial defect results at least partially from insufficient DNA repair and leads to lipid droplet accumulation, formation of invasive membrane ruffles, inflammasome activation and pyroptotic T cell death. SUMMARY T cells in patients with RA, even naïve T cells never having been involved in inflammatory lesions, have a unique metabolic signature and the changes in intracellular metabolites drive pathogenic T cell behavior. Recognizing the role of metabolic signals in cell fate decisions opens the possibility for immunomodulation long before the end stage synovial inflammation encountered in clinical practice.
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14
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are relatively common autoimmune diseases, often considered prototypic examples for how protective immunity switches to destructive immunity. The autoantigens recognized in RA and SLE are distinct, clinical manifestations are partially overlapping. A shared feature is the propensity of the adaptive immune system to respond inappropriately, with T cell hyper-responsiveness a pinnacle pathogenic defect. Upon antigen recognition, T cells mobilize a multi-pranged metabolic program, enabling them to massively expand and turn into highly mobile effector cells. Current evidence supports that T cells from patients with RA or SLE adopt metabolic programs different from healthy T cells, in line with the concept that autoimmune effector functions rely on specified pathways of energy sensing, energy generation and energy utilization. Due to misrouting of the energy sensor AMPK, RA T cells have a defect in balancing catabolic and anabolic processes and deviate towards a cell-building program. They supply biosynthetic precursors by shunting glucose away from glycolytic breakdown towards the pentose phosphate pathway and upregulate lipogenesis, enabling cellular motility and tissue invasiveness. Conversely, T cells from SLE patients are committed to high glycolytic flux, overusing the mitochondrial machinery and imposing oxidative stress. Typically, disease-relevant effector functions in SLE are associated with inappropriate activation of the key metabolic regulator mTORC1. Taken together, disease-specific metabolic signatures in RA and SLE represent vulnerabilities that are therapeutically targetable to suppress pathogenic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wu
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jörg J. Goronzy
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cornelia M. Weyand
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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15
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Durand B, Stoetzel C, Schaefer E, Calmels N, Scheidecker S, Kempf N, De Melo C, Guilbert AS, Timbolschi D, Donato L, Astruc D, Sauer A, Antal MC, Dollfus H, El Chehadeh S. A severe case of Frank-ter Haar syndrome and literature review: Further delineation of the phenotypical spectrum. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103857. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Immunometabolism in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:177-187. [PMID: 31984519 PMCID: PMC7047523 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), breakdown of self-tolerance and onset of clinical disease are separated in time and space, supporting a multi-hit model in which emergence of autoreactive T cells is a pinnacle pathogenic event. Determining factors in T cell differentiation and survival include antigen recognition, but also the metabolic machinery that provides energy and biosynthetic molecules for cell building. Studies in patients with RA have yielded a disease-specific metabolic signature, which enables naive CD4 T cells to differentiate into pro-inflammatory helper T cells that are prone to invade into tissue and elicit inflammation through immunogenic cell death. A typifying property of RA CD4 T cells is the shunting of glucose away from glycolytic breakdown and mitochondrial processing toward the pentose phosphate pathway, favoring anabolic over catabolic reactions. Key defects have been localized to the mitochondria and the lysosome; including instability of mitochondrial DNA due to the lack of the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A and inefficient lysosomal tethering of AMPK due to deficiency of N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1). The molecular taxonomy of the metabolically reprogrammed RA T cells includes glycolytic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase), DNA repair molecules (MRE11A, ATM), regulators of protein trafficking (NMT1), and the membrane adapter protein TSK5. As the mechanisms determining abnormal T cell behavior in RA are unraveled, opportunities will emerge to interject autoimmune T cells by targeting their metabolic checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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17
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Analysis of Tks4 Knockout Mice Suggests a Role for Tks4 in Adipose Tissue Homeostasis in the Context of Beigeing. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080831. [PMID: 31387265 PMCID: PMC6721678 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and adipocyte malfunction are related to and arise as consequences of disturbances in signaling pathways. Tyrosine kinase substrate with four Src homology 3 domains (Tks4) is a scaffold protein that establishes a platform for signaling cascade molecules during podosome formation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Several lines of evidence have also suggested that Tks4 has a role in adipocyte biology; however, its roles in the various types of adipocytes at the cellular level and in transcriptional regulation have not been studied. Therefore, we hypothesized that Tks4 functions as an organizing molecule in signaling networks that regulate adipocyte homeostasis. Our aims were to study the white and brown adipose depots of Tks4 knockout (KO) mice using immunohistology and western blotting and to analyze gene expression changes regulated by the white, brown, and beige adipocyte-related transcription factors via a PCR array. Based on morphological differences in the Tks4-KO adipocytes and increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of Tks4-KO mice, we concluded that the beigeing process was more robust in the WAT of Tks4-KO mice compared to the wild-type animals. Furthermore, in the Tks4-KO WAT, the expression profile of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)-regulated adipogenesis-related genes was shifted in favor of the appearance of beige-like cells. These results suggest that Tks4 and its downstream signaling partners are novel regulators of adipocyte functions and PPARγ-directed white to beige adipose tissue conversion.
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18
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Caires-Dos-Santos L, da Silva SV, Smuczek B, de Siqueira AS, Cruz KSP, Barbuto JAM, Augusto TM, Freitas VM, Carvalho HF, Jaeger RG. Laminin-derived peptide C16 regulates Tks expression and reactive oxygen species generation in human prostate cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:587-598. [PMID: 31254281 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Laminin peptides influence cancer biology. We investigated the role of a laminin-derived peptide C16 regulating invadopodia molecules in human prostate cancer cells (DU145). C16 augmented invadopodia activity of DU145 cells, and stimulated expression Tks4, Tks5, cortactin, and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1. Reactive oxygen species generation is also related to invadopodia formation. This prompted us to address whether C16 would induce reactive oxygen species generation in DU145 cells. Quantitative fluorescence and flow cytometry showed that the peptide C16 increased reactive oxygen species in DU145 cells. Furthermore, significant colocalization between Tks5 and reactive oxygen species was observed in C16-treated cells. Results suggested that the peptide C16 increased Tks5 and reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. The role of C16 increasing Tks and reactive oxygen species are novel findings on invadopodia activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Caires-Dos-Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suély V da Silva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Basilio Smuczek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biology, UNICENTRO State University, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriane S de Siqueira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen S P Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, Brazil.,Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre M Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Taize M Augusto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, School of Medicine of Jundiai, Jundiai, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Freitas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ruy G Jaeger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Revach OY, Sandler O, Samuels Y, Geiger B. Cross-Talk between Receptor Tyrosine Kinases AXL and ERBB3 Regulates Invadopodia Formation in Melanoma Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2634-2648. [PMID: 30914429 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The invasive phenotype of metastatic cancer cells is accompanied by the formation of actin-rich invadopodia, which adhere to the extracellular matrix and degrade it. In this study, we explored the role of the tyrosine kinome in the formation of invadopodia in metastatic melanoma cells. Using a microscopy-based siRNA screen, we identified a series of regulators, the knockdown of which either suppresses (e.g., TYK2, IGFR1, ERBB3, TYRO3, FES, ALK, PTK7) or enhances (e.g., ABL2, AXL, CSK) invadopodia formation and function. Notably, the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL displayed a dual regulatory function, where both depletion or overexpression enhanced invadopodia formation and activity. This apparent contradiction was attributed to the capacity of AXL to directly stimulate invadopodia, yet its suppression upregulates the ERBB3 signaling pathway, which can also activate core invadopodia regulators and enhance invadopodia function. Bioinformatic analysis of multiple melanoma cell lines points to an inverse expression pattern of AXL and ERBB3. High expression of AXL in melanoma cells is associated with high expression of invadopodia components and an invasive phenotype. These results provide new insights into the complexity of metastasis-promoting mechanisms and suggest that targeting of multiple invadopodia signaling networks may serve as a potential anti-invasion therapy in melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings uncover a unique interplay between AXL and ERBB3 in invadopodia regulation that points to the need for combined therapy in order to prevent invadopodia-mediated metastasis in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Sandler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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20
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Wisdom KM, Adebowale K, Chang J, Lee JY, Nam S, Desai R, Rossen NS, Rafat M, West RB, Hodgson L, Chaudhuri O. Matrix mechanical plasticity regulates cancer cell migration through confining microenvironments. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4144. [PMID: 30297715 PMCID: PMC6175826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of cancer cell migration have found two modes: one that is protease-independent, requiring micron-sized pores or channels for cells to squeeze through, and one that is protease-dependent, relevant for confining nanoporous matrices such as basement membranes (BMs). However, many extracellular matrices exhibit viscoelasticity and mechanical plasticity, irreversibly deforming in response to force, so that pore size may be malleable. Here we report the impact of matrix plasticity on migration. We develop nanoporous and BM ligand-presenting interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels in which plasticity could be modulated independent of stiffness. Strikingly, cells in high plasticity IPNs carry out protease-independent migration through the IPNs. Mechanistically, cells in high plasticity IPNs extend invadopodia protrusions to mechanically and plastically open up micron-sized channels and then migrate through them. These findings uncover a new mode of protease-independent migration, in which cells can migrate through confining matrix if it exhibits sufficient mechanical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Wisdom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kolade Adebowale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julie Chang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sungmin Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rajiv Desai
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Ninna Struck Rossen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marjan Rafat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert B West
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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21
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Chen H, Dai J. miR-409-3p suppresses the proliferation, invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma via targeting RDX. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:543-551. [PMID: 29928443 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA/miR)-409-3p in the proliferation, invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells via targeting radixin (RDX) gene. The expression of miR-409-3p was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in TSCC tissue and cell lines. The binding of miR-409-3p to RDX was investigated by performing a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Tca8113 cells were selected to transfect with miR-409-3p mimic/inhibitor, small interfering (si)-RDX, and miR-409-3p inhibitor + si-RDX, as well as negative control (NC) respectively. The proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of transfected Tca8113 cells were investigated by cell-counting-kit-8, wound-healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Additionally, a tumor xenograft model was constructed to examine the effects of miR-409-3p on the tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis in nude mice. A significant downregulation was detected in miR-409-3p expression in TSCC tissues and cells (all P<0.05) compared with normal tongue mucosa tissues and cell line, which was associated with lymph node metastasis and tumor-node metastasis staging (both P<0.05). The results from the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that RDX is a potential target gene of miR-409-3p. Compared with the blank group, a marked reduction in RDX expression, cell proliferation, migration and invasion was detected in the miR-409-3p mimic group and si-RDX group (all P<0.05). Conversely, the reverse was observed in cells that were transfected with the miR-409-3p inhibitor. Furthermore, si-RDX is able to reverse the effect of miR-409-3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, invasion and migration (all P<0.05). The results form the tumor xenograft model of nude mice verified that miR-409-3p mimic is able to inhibit the growth of Tca8113 tumor cells and lymph node metastasis in nude mice. miR-409-3p may delay the proliferation of TSCC cells by inhibiting of RDX so as to decrease its migratory and invasive abilities. Therefore, miR-409-3p may be a potential target for the clinical treatment of TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujie Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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22
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Maziveyi M, Dong S, Baranwal S, Alahari SK. Nischarin regulates focal adhesion and Invadopodia formation in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:21. [PMID: 29415725 PMCID: PMC5803897 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During metastasis, tumor cells move through the tracks of extracellular matrix (ECM). Focal adhesions (FAs) are the protein complexes that link the cell cytoskeleton to the ECM and their presence is necessary for cell attachment. The tumor suppressor Nischarin interacts with a number of signaling proteins such as Integrin α5, PAK1, LIMK1, LKB1, and Rac1 to prevent cancer cell migration. Although previous findings have shown that Nischarin exerts this migratory inhibition by interacting with other proteins, the effects of these interactions on the entire FA machinery are unknown. Methods RT-PCR, Western Blotting, invadopodia assays, and immunofluorescence were used to examine FA gene expression and determine whether Nischarin affects cell attachment, as well as the proteins that regulate it. Results Our data show that Nischarin prevents cell migration and invasion by altering the expression of key focal adhesion proteins. Furthermore, we have found that Nischarin-expressing cells have reduced ability to attach the ECM, which in turn leads to a decrease in invadopodia-mediated matrix degradation. Conclusions These experiments demonstrate an important role of Nischarin in regulating cell attachment, which adds to our understanding of the early events of the metastatic process in breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0764-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazvita Maziveyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shengli Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Science, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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23
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Roth L, Srivastava S, Lindzen M, Sas-Chen A, Sheffer M, Lauriola M, Enuka Y, Noronha A, Mancini M, Lavi S, Tarcic G, Pines G, Nevo N, Heyman O, Ziv T, Rueda OM, Gnocchi D, Pikarsky E, Admon A, Caldas C, Yarden Y. SILAC identifies LAD1 as a filamin-binding regulator of actin dynamics in response to EGF and a marker of aggressive breast tumors. Sci Signal 2018; 11:eaan0949. [PMID: 29382783 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations mimicking growth factor-induced proliferation and motility characterize aggressive subtypes of mammary tumors. To unravel currently unknown players in these processes, we performed phosphoproteomic analysis on untransformed mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) that were stimulated in culture with epidermal growth factor (EGF). We identified ladinin-1 (LAD1), a largely uncharacterized protein to date, as a phosphorylation-regulated mediator of the EGF-to-ERK pathway. Further experiments revealed that LAD1 mediated the proliferation and migration of mammary cells. LAD1 was transcriptionally induced, phosphorylated, and partly colocalized with actin stress fibers in response to EGF. Yeast two-hybrid, proximity ligation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that LAD1 bound to actin-cross-linking proteins called filamins. Cosedimentation analyses indicated that LAD1 played a role in actin dynamics, probably in collaboration with the scaffold protein 14-3-3σ (also called SFN). Depletion of LAD1 decreased the expression of transcripts associated with cell survival and inhibited the growth of mammary xenografts in an animal model. Furthermore, LAD1 predicts poor patient prognosis and is highly expressed in aggressive subtypes of breast cancer characterized as integrative clusters 5 and 10, which partly correspond to triple-negative and HER2-positive tumors. Thus, these findings reveal a cytoskeletal component that is critically involved in cell migration and the acquisition of oncogenic attributes in human mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Roth
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Swati Srivastava
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aldema Sas-Chen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Sheffer
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Enuka
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maicol Mancini
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sara Lavi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabi Tarcic
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gur Pines
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nava Nevo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Heyman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- The Smoler Protein Center, Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and the Cambridge Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - Davide Gnocchi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Immunology and Cancer Research and Department Pathology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91010, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- The Smoler Protein Center, Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and the Cambridge Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2XZ, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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24
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Gorai S, Paul D, Borah R, Haloi N, Santra MK, Manna D. Role of Cationic Groove and Hydrophobic Residues in Phosphatidylinositol-Dependent Membrane-Binding Properties of Tks5-Phox Homology Domain. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
| | - Debasish Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science; Pune 411007, Maharashtra India
| | - Rituparna Borah
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
| | - Nandan Haloi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
| | | | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati - 781039, Assam India
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25
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Abstract
Tyrosine kinase substrate (Tks) adaptor proteins are considered important regulators of various physiological and/or pathological processes, particularly cell migration and invasion, and cancer progression. These proteins contain PX and SH3 domains, and act as scaffolds, bringing membrane and cellular components in close proximity in structures known as invadopodia or podosomes. Tks proteins, analogous to the related proteins p47phox, p40phox and NoxO1, also facilitate local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which aid in signaling at invadopodia and/or podosomes to promote their activity. As their name suggests, Tks adaptor proteins are substrates for tyrosine kinases, especially Src. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we discuss the known structural and functional aspects of Tks adaptor proteins. As the science of Tks proteins is evolving, this article will point out where we stand and what still needs to be explored. We also underscore pathological conditions involving these proteins, providing a basis for future research to develop therapies for treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saini
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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26
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Donnelly SK, Cabrera R, Mao SPH, Christin JR, Wu B, Guo W, Bravo-Cordero JJ, Condeelis JS, Segall JE, Hodgson L. Rac3 regulates breast cancer invasion and metastasis by controlling adhesion and matrix degradation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4331-4349. [PMID: 29061650 PMCID: PMC5716284 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial step of metastasis is the local invasion of tumor cells into the surrounding tissue. Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions that mediate the matrix degradation necessary for invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. We demonstrate that Rac3 GTPase is critical for integrating the adhesion of invadopodia to the extracellular matrix (ECM) with their ability to degrade the ECM in breast tumor cells. We identify two pathways at invadopodia important for integrin activation and delivery of matrix metalloproteinases: through the upstream recruiter CIB1 as well as the downstream effector GIT1. Rac3 activity, at and surrounding invadopodia, is controlled by Vav2 and βPIX. These guanine nucleotide exchange factors regulate the spatiotemporal dynamics of Rac3 activity, impacting GIT1 localization. Moreover, the GTPase-activating function of GIT1 toward the vesicular trafficking regulator Arf6 GTPase is required for matrix degradation. Importantly, Rac3 regulates the ability of tumor cells to metastasize in vivo. The Rac3-dependent mechanisms we show in this study are critical for balancing proteolytic activity and adhesive activity to achieve a maximally invasive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Donnelly
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ramon Cabrera
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Serena P H Mao
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - John R Christin
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Bin Wu
- Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jeffrey E Segall
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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27
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The basolateral vesicle sorting machinery and basolateral proteins are recruited to the site of enteropathogenic E. coli microcolony growth at the apical membrane. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28636623 PMCID: PMC5479554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections of the small intestine cause diarrhea especially in children and are a major cause of childhood death in developing countries. EPEC infects the apical membrane of the epithelium of the small intestine by attaching, effacing the microvilli under the bacteria and then forming microcolonies on the cell surface. We first asked the question where on epithelial cells EPEC attaches and grows. Using models of polarized epithelial monolayers, we evaluated the sites of initial EPEC attachment to the apical membrane and found that EPEC preferentially attached over the cell-cell junctions and formed microcolonies preferentially where three cells come together at tricellular tight junctions. The ability of EPEC to adhere increased when host cell polarity was compromised yielding EPEC access to basolateral proteins. EPEC pedestals contain basolateral cytoskeletal proteins. Thus, we asked if attached EPEC causes reorganization the protein composition of the host cell plasma membrane at sites of microcolony formation. We found that EPEC microcolony growth at the apical membrane resulted in a local accumulation of basolateral plasma membrane proteins surrounding the microcolony. Basolateral marker protein aquaporin-3 localized to forming EPEC microcolonies. Components of the basolateral vesicle targeting machinery were re-routed. The Exocyst (Exo70) was recruited to individual EPEC as was the basolateral vesicle SNARE VAMP-3. Moreover, several Rab variants were also recruited to the infection site, and their dominant-negative equivalents were not. To quantitatively study the recruitment of basolateral proteins, we created a pulse of the temperature sensitive basolateral VSVG, VSVG3-SP-GFP, from the trans-Golgi Network. We found that after release from the TGN, significantly more VSVG3-SP-GFP accumulated at the site of microcolony growth than on equivalent membrane regions of uninfected cells. This suggests that trafficking of vesicles destined for the basolateral membrane are redirected to the apical site of microcolony growth. Thus, in addition to disrupting host cell fence function, local host cell plasma membrane protein composition is changed by altered protein trafficking and recruitment of basolateral proteins to the apical microcolony. This may aid EPEC attachment and subsequent microcolony growth.
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28
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Dülk M, Kudlik G, Fekete A, Ernszt D, Kvell K, Pongrácz JE, Merő BL, Szeder B, Radnai L, Geiszt M, Csécsy DE, Kovács T, Uher F, Lányi Á, Vas V, Buday L. The scaffold protein Tks4 is required for the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34280. [PMID: 27711054 PMCID: PMC5053279 DOI: 10.1038/srep34280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The commitment steps of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to adipogenic and other lineages have been widely studied but not fully understood. Therefore, it is critical to understand which molecules contribute to the conversion of stem cells into differentiated cells. The scaffold protein Tks4 plays a role in podosome formation, EGFR signaling and ROS production. Dysfunction of Tks4 causes a hereditary disease called Frank-ter Haar syndrome with a variety of defects concerning certain mesenchymal tissues (bone, fat and cartilage) throughout embryogenic and postnatal development. In this study, we aimed to analyze how the mutation of Tks4 affects the differentiation potential of multipotent bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs). We generated a Tks4 knock-out mouse strain on C57Bl/6 background, and characterized BM-MSCs isolated from wild type and Tks4-/- mice to evaluate their differentiation. Tks4-/- BM-MSCs had reduced ability to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages compared to wild type. Studying the expression profile of a panel of lipid-regulated genes during adipogenic induction revealed that the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, genes responsible for lipid droplet formation, sterol and fatty acid metabolism was delayed or reduced in Tks4-/- BM-MSCs. Taken together, these results establish a novel function for Tks4 in the regulation of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metta Dülk
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kudlik
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongrácz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balázs L Merő
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Radnai
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.,"Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dalma E Csécsy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kovács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Uher
- Stem Cell Biology, National Blood Service, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Lányi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Virag Vas
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Down-regulation of SerpinB2 is associated with gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and enhances invadopodia-like structure protrusions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32258. [PMID: 27558531 PMCID: PMC4997607 DOI: 10.1038/srep32258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The failure of targeted therapy due to the resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib, is considered a major problem in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. SerpinB2, a component of the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system, has been recognized as a biomarker for the progression and metastasis of lung cancer. Nevertheless, the relationship between SerpinB2 and EGFR-TKI resistance has not been elucidated. Here, we report that SerpinB2 is down-regulated in gefitinib-resistant (H292-Gef) cells compared to gefitinib-sensitive (H292) cells. The low SerpinB2 levels in H292-Gef cells were also associated with an enhancement in invasiveness and increase in the length of invadopodia-like structures in the cells. The effect on invasiveness and gefitinib sensitivity was confirmed by knockdown and overexpression of SerpinB2. In addition, the possibility to overcome the resistance through the up-regulation of SerpinB2 was supported by employing an antitumor agent yuanhuadine (YD). Treatment with YD effectively elevated SerpinB2 levels and suppressed invasive properties in H292-Gef cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the prospective role of SerpinB2 as a novel biomarker for acquired gefitinib resistance and a potential target for NSCLC treatment.
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30
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Sundararajan V, Gengenbacher N, Stemmler MP, Kleemann JA, Brabletz T, Brabletz S. The ZEB1/miR-200c feedback loop regulates invasion via actin interacting proteins MYLK and TKS5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27083-96. [PMID: 26334100 PMCID: PMC4694975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process which is aberrantly activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. Elevated expression of EMT-inducers like ZEB1 enables tumor cells to detach from the primary tumor and invade into the surrounding tissue. The main antagonist of ZEB1 in controlling EMT is the microRNA-200 family that is reciprocally linked to ZEB1 in a double negative feedback loop. Here, we further elucidate how the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop controls invasion of tumor cells. The process of EMT is attended by major changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Via in silico screening of genes encoding for actin interacting proteins, we identified two novel targets of miR-200c - TKS5 and MYLK (MLCK). Co-expression of both genes with ZEB1 was observed in several cancer cell lines as well as in breast cancer patients and correlated with low miR-200c levels. Depletion of TKS5 or MYLK in breast cancer cells reduced their invasive potential and their ability to form invadopodia. Whereas TKS5 is known to be a major component, we could identify MYLK as a novel player in invadopodia formation. In summary, TKS5 and MYLK represent two mediators of invasive behavior of cancer cells that are regulated by the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia A Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Ribeiro Ribeiro AL, da Costa NMM, de Siqueira AS, Brasil da Silva W, da Silva Kataoka MS, Jaeger RG, de Melo Alves-Junior S, Smith AM, de Jesus Viana Pinheiro J. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor overexpresses invadopodia-related proteins, suggesting invadopodia formation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2016; 122:500-8. [PMID: 27554376 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT) is an odontogenic neoplasm that shows aggressive clinical behavior and local invasiveness. Invadopodia are actin-rich cellular protrusions exhibiting proteolytic pericellular activity, thereby inducing focal invasion in neoplastic cells and increasing neoplasms aggressiveness. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate immunoexpression of invadopodia-related proteins, cortactin, MT1-MMP, Tks4, and Tks5, in KOT. STUDY DESIGN Immunohistochemistry of 16 cases of KOT, eight cases of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), and eight samples of the oral mucosa (OM) was carried out to assess the expression of the above described invadopodia-related proteins in the basal and suprabasal layer. RESULTS KOT samples showed higher and significant immunoexpression of cortactin, MT1-MMP, TKs4, and TKs5 compared with the CCOT and OM samples. Significant expression of all these proteins was observed in the basal layer compared with the suprabasal layer in KOT. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of cortactin, MT1-MMP, TKs4, and TKs5 was observed in KOT compared with samples of CCOT and OM. These proteins were also overexpressed in the basal over the suprabasal layer of KOT samples. Taken together, these results suggest the participation of invadopodia-related proteins on the pathogenesis of this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Ribeiro Ribeiro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University Center of Pará - CESUPA, Belém, Brazil; Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, England.
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruy Gastaldoni Jaeger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, England
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32
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Revach OY, Winograd-Katz SE, Samuels Y, Geiger B. The involvement of mutant Rac1 in the formation of invadopodia in cultured melanoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2016; 343:82-88. [PMID: 26873115 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the complex involvement of a Rho-family GTPase, Rac1, in cell migration and in invadopodia-mediated matrix degradation. We discuss the involvement of invadopodia in invasive cell migration, and their capacity to promote cancer metastasis. Considering the regulation of invadopodia formation, we describe studies that demonstrate the role of Rac1 in the metastatic process, and the suggestion that this effect is attributable to the capacity of Rac1 to promote invadopodia formation. This notion is demonstrated here by showing that knockdown of Rac1 in melanoma cells expressing a wild-type form of this GTPase, reduces invadopodia-dependent matrix degradation. Interestingly, we also show that excessive activity of Rac1, displayed by the P29S, hyperactive, "fast cycling" mutant of Rac1, which is present in 5-10% of melanoma tumors, inhibits invadopodia function. Moreover, knockdown of this hyperactive mutant enhanced matrix degradation, indicating that excessive Rac1 activity by this mutant can negatively regulate invadopodia formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sabina E Winograd-Katz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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33
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Guo Y, Kenney SR, Muller CY, Adams S, Rutledge T, Romero E, Murray-Krezan C, Prekeris R, Sklar LA, Hudson LG, Wandinger-Ness A. R-Ketorolac Targets Cdc42 and Rac1 and Alters Ovarian Cancer Cell Behaviors Critical for Invasion and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther 2015. [PMID: 26206334 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42) and Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) are attractive therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer based on established importance in tumor cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. Despite a predicted benefit, targeting GTPases has not yet been translated to clinical practice. We previously established that Cdc42 and constitutively active Rac1b are overexpressed in primary ovarian tumor tissues. Through high-throughput screening and computational shape homology approaches, we identified R-ketorolac as a Cdc42 and Rac1 inhibitor, distinct from the anti-inflammatory, cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity of S-ketorolac. In the present study, we establish R-ketorolac as an allosteric inhibitor of Cdc42 and Rac1. Cell-based assays validate R-ketorolac activity against Cdc42 and Rac1. Studies on immortalized human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells (SKOV3ip) and primary patient-derived ovarian cancer cells show that R-ketorolac is a robust inhibitor of growth factor or serum-dependent Cdc42 and Rac1 activation with a potency and cellular efficacy similar to small-molecule inhibitors of Cdc42 (CID2950007/ML141) and Rac1 (NSC23766). Furthermore, GTPase inhibition by R-ketorolac reduces downstream p21-activated kinases (PAK1/PAK2) effector activation by >80%. Multiple assays of cell behavior using SKOV3ip and primary patient-derived ovarian cancer cells show that R-ketorolac significantly inhibits cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. In summary, we provide evidence for R-ketorolac as a direct inhibitor of Cdc42 and Rac1 that is capable of modulating downstream GTPase-dependent, physiologic responses, which are critical to tumor metastasis. Our findings demonstrate the selective inhibition of Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases by an FDA-approved drug, racemic ketorolac, that can be used in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Guo
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - S Ray Kenney
- Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carolyn Y Muller
- Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Sarah Adams
- Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Teresa Rutledge
- Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Elsa Romero
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Cristina Murray-Krezan
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Larry A Sklar
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Angela Wandinger-Ness
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Ádám C, Fekete A, Bőgel G, Németh Z, Tőkési N, Ovádi J, Liliom K, Pesti S, Geiszt M, Buday L. Accumulation of the PX domain mutant Frank-ter Haar syndrome protein Tks4 in aggresomes. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:33. [PMID: 26183326 PMCID: PMC4504077 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cells deploy quality control mechanisms to remove damaged or misfolded proteins. Recently, we have reported that a mutation (R43W) in the Frank-ter Haar syndrome protein Tks4 resulted in aberrant intracellular localization. Results Here we demonstrate that the accumulation of Tks4R43W depends on the intact microtubule network. Detergent-insoluble Tks4 mutant colocalizes with the centrosome and its aggregate is encaged by the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Both the microtubule inhibitor nocodazole and the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A inhibit markedly the aggresome formation in cells expressing Tks4R43W. Finally, pretreatment of cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 markedly increases the level of aggresomes formed by Tks4R43W. Furthermore, two additional mutant Tks4 proteins (Tks41–48 or Tks41–341) have been investigated. Whereas the shorter Tks4 mutant, Tks41–48, shows no expression at all, the longer Tks4 truncation mutant accumulates in the nuclei of the cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that misfolded Frank-ter Haar syndrome protein Tks4R43W is transported via the microtubule system to the aggresomes. Lack of expression of Tks41–48 or aberrant intracellular expressions of Tks4R43W and Tks41–341 strongly suggest that these mutations result in dysfunctional proteins which are not capable of operating properly, leading to the development of FTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Ádám
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Anna Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bőgel
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Natália Tőkési
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Károly Liliom
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Szabolcs Pesti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary. .,"Lendület" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. .,Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
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Abstract
Cell invasion of the extracellular matrix is prerequisite to cross tissue migration of tumor cells in cancer metastasis, and vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. The tumor suppressor p53, better known for its roles in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis, has ignited much interest in its function as a suppressor of cell migration and invasion. How p53 and its gain-of-function mutants regulate cell invasion remains a puzzle and a challenge for future studies. In recent years, podosomes and invadopodia have also gained center stage status as veritable apparatus specialized in cell invasion. It is not clear, however, whether p53 regulates cell invasion through podosomes and invadopodia. In this review, evidence supporting a negative role of p53 in podosomes formation in vascular smooth muscle cells will be surveyed, and signaling nodes that may mediate this regulation in other cell types will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Mak
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University; Kingston, ON Canada
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Destaing O, Petropoulos C, Albiges-Rizo C. Coupling between acto-adhesive machinery and ECM degradation in invadosomes. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:256-62. [PMID: 24727371 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes have two main functions represented by their actin-rich and adhesive components and their polarized secretory pathways controlling the delivery of metalloproteases necessary to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes include invadopodia and podosomes, which have subtle differences in molecular composition, dynamics, and structure. These differences could reflect different stages of invadosome maturation. This review will outline current knowledge on the coupling between the acto-adhesive machinery and the ECM degradation activity in invadosome diversity. Multiple works support that these two functions are not automatically linked but seem to be finely regulated to allow different functions of invadosomes. We will explore the paradigmatic aspect of invadosomes, which are able to interact with ECM to degrade it so as to better control their own dynamics. Understanding the fine-tuning between these two functions could serve to understand the link between the different types of invadosomes from invadopodia to podosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Destaing
- Institut Albert Bonniot; Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble, France
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37
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Revach OY, Geiger B. The interplay between the proteolytic, invasive, and adhesive domains of invadopodia and their roles in cancer invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:215-25. [PMID: 24714132 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions of the plasma membrane that penetrate into the extracellular matrix (ECM), and enzymatically degrade it. Invadopodia and podosomes, often referred to, collectively, as "invadosomes," are actin-based membrane protrusions that facilitate matrix remodeling and cell invasion across tissues, processes that occur under specific physiological conditions such as bone remodeling, as well as under pathological states such as bone, immune disorders, and cancer metastasis. In this review, we specifically focus on the functional architecture of invadopodia in cancer cells; we discuss here three functional domains of invadopodia responsible for the metalloproteinase-based degradation of the ECM, the cytoskeleton-based mechanical penetration into the matrix, and the integrin adhesome-based adhesion to the ECM. We will describe the structural and molecular organization of each domain and the cross-talk between them during the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot, Israel
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Revach OY, Weiner A, Rechav K, Sabanay I, Livne A, Geiger B. Mechanical interplay between invadopodia and the nucleus in cultured cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9466. [PMID: 25820462 PMCID: PMC4377574 DOI: 10.1038/srep09466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions through which cells adhere to the extracellular matrix and degrade it. In this study, we explored the mechanical interactions of invadopodia in melanoma cells, using a combination of correlative light and electron microscopy. We show here that the core actin bundle of most invadopodia interacts with integrin-containing matrix adhesions at its basal end, extends through a microtubule-rich cytoplasm, and at its apical end, interacts with the nuclear envelope and indents it. Abolishment of invadopodia by microtubules or src inhibitors leads to the disappearance of these nuclear indentations. Based on the indentation profile and the viscoelastic properties of the nucleus, the force applied by invadopodia is estimated to be in the nanoNewton range. We further show that knockdown of the LINC complex components nesprin 2 or SUN1 leads to a substantial increase in the prominence of the adhesion domains at the opposite end of the invadopodia. We discuss this unexpected, long-range mechanical interplay between the apical and basal domains of invadopodia, and its possible involvement in the penetration of invadopodia into the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or-Yam Revach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Allon Weiner
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ilana Sabanay
- 1] Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel [2] Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ariel Livne
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Gallardo VE, Varshney GK, Lee M, Bupp S, Xu L, Shinn P, Crawford NP, Inglese J, Burgess SM. Phenotype-driven chemical screening in zebrafish for compounds that inhibit collective cell migration identifies multiple pathways potentially involved in metastatic invasion. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:565-76. [PMID: 25810455 PMCID: PMC4457032 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, high-throughput chemical screening has become the dominant approach for discovering novel compounds with therapeutic properties. Automated screening using in vitro or cultured cell assays have yielded thousands of candidate drugs for a variety of biological targets, but these approaches have not resulted in an increase in drug discovery despite major increases in expenditures. In contrast, phenotype-driven screens have shown a much stronger success rate, which is why we developed an in vivo assay using transgenic zebrafish with a GFP-marked migrating posterior lateral line primordium (PLLp) to identify compounds that influence collective cell migration. We then conducted a high-throughput screen using a compound library of 2160 annotated bioactive synthetic compounds and 800 natural products to identify molecules that block normal PLLp migration. We identified 165 compounds that interfere with primordium migration without overt toxicity in vivo. Selected compounds were confirmed in their migration-blocking activity by using additional assays for cell migration. We then proved the screen to be successful in identifying anti-metastatic compounds active in vivo by performing orthotopic tumor implantation assays in mice. We demonstrated that the Src inhibitor SU6656, identified in our screen, can be used to suppress the metastatic capacity of a highly aggressive mammary tumor cell line. Finally, we used CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis in zebrafish to genetically validate predicted targets of compounds. This approach demonstrates that the migrating PLLp in zebrafish can be used for large-scale, high-throughput screening for compounds that inhibit collective cell migration and, potentially, anti-metastatic compounds. Summary: We have developed a phenotype-driven screen for identifying new inhibitors of collective cell migration and demonstrated the screen can successfully identify compounds active in vivo and potentially new pathways for targeting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana E Gallardo
- Developmental Genomics Section, Genome Technology Branch National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Developmental Genomics Section, Genome Technology Branch National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Minnkyong Lee
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sujata Bupp
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisha Xu
- Developmental Genomics Section, Genome Technology Branch National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Shinn
- Department of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Nigel P Crawford
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Inglese
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Department of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Developmental Genomics Section, Genome Technology Branch National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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The roles of akt isoforms in the regulation of podosome formation in fibroblasts and extracellular matrix invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:96-111. [PMID: 25575302 PMCID: PMC4381253 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells employ actin-based membrane protrusions called podosomes and invadopodia for cross-tissue migration during normal human development such as embryogenesis and angiogenesis, and in diseases such as atherosclerosis plaque formation and cancer cell metastasis. The Akt isoforms, downstream effectors of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), play crucial roles in cell migration and invasion, but their involvement in podosome formation and cell invasion is not known. In this study, we have used Akt1 and/or Akt2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts and Akt3-targeted shRNA to determine the roles of the three Akt isoforms in Src and phorbol ester-induced podosome formation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) digestion. We found that deletion or knockdown of Akt1 significantly reduces Src-induced formation of podosomes and rosettes, and ECM digestion, while suppression of Akt2 has little effect. In contrast, Akt3 knockdown by shRNA increases Src-induced podosome/rosette formation and ECM invasion. These data suggest that Akt1 promotes, while Akt3 suppresses, podosome formation induced by Src, and Akt2 appears to play an insignificant role. Interestingly, both Akt1 and Akt3 suppress, while Akt2 enhances, phorbol ester-induced podosome formation. These data show that Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3 play different roles in podosome formation and ECM invasion induced by Src or phorbol ester, thus underscoring the importance of cell context in the roles of Akt isoforms in cell invasion.
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41
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Santiago-Medina M, Gregus KA, Nichol RH, O'Toole SM, Gomez TM. Regulation of ECM degradation and axon guidance by growth cone invadosomes. Development 2015; 142:486-96. [PMID: 25564649 DOI: 10.1242/dev.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Invadopodia and podosomes, collectively referred to as invadosomes, are F-actin-rich basal protrusions of cells that provide sites of attachment to and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Invadosomes promote the invasion of cells, ranging from metastatic cancer cells to immune cells, into tissue. Here, we show that neuronal growth cones form protrusions that share molecular, structural and functional characteristics of invadosomes. Growth cones from all neuron types and species examined, including a variety of human neurons, form invadosomes both in vitro and in vivo. Growth cone invadosomes contain dynamic F-actin and several actin regulatory proteins, as well as Tks5 and matrix metalloproteinases, which locally degrade the matrix. When viewed using three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy, F-actin foci often extended together with microtubules within orthogonal protrusions emanating from the growth cone central domain. Finally, inhibiting the function of Tks5 both reduced matrix degradation in vitro and disrupted motoneuron axons from exiting the spinal cord and extending into the periphery. Taken together, our results suggest that growth cones use invadosomes to target protease activity during axon guidance through tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santiago-Medina
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kelly A Gregus
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert H Nichol
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sean M O'Toole
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Timothy M Gomez
- Department of Neuroscience and Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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42
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Havrylov S, Park M. MS/MS-based strategies for proteomic profiling of invasive cell structures. Proteomics 2014; 15:272-86. [PMID: 25303514 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquired capacity of cancer cells to penetrate through the extracellular matrix of surrounding tissues is a prerequisite for tumour metastatic spread - the main source of cancer-associated mortality. Through combined efforts of many research groups, we are beginning to understand that the ability of cells to invade through the extracellular matrix is a multi-faceted phenomenon supported by variety of specialised protrusive cellular structures, primarily pseudopodia, invadopodia and podosomes. Additionally, secreted extracellular vesicles are being increasingly recognised as important mediators of invasive cell phenotypes and therefore may be considered bona fide invasive cell structures. Dissection of the molecular makings underlying biogenesis and function of all of these structures is crucial to identify novel targets for specific anti-metastatic therapies. Rapid advances and growing accessibility of MS/MS-based protein identification made this family of techniques a suitable and appropriate choice for proteomic profiling of invasive cell structures. In this review, we provide a summary of current progress in the characterisation of protein composition and topology of protein interaction networks of pseudopodia, invadopodia, podosomes and extracellular vesicles, as well as outline challenges and perspectives of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhiy Havrylov
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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43
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Glasauer A, Chandel NS. Targeting antioxidants for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:90-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Forstner AJ, Basmanav FB, Mattheisen M, Böhmer AC, Hollegaard MV, Janson E, Strengman E, Priebe L, Degenhardt F, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Maier W, Mössner R, Rujescu D, Ophoff RA, Moebus S, Mortensen PB, Børglum AD, Hougaard DM, Frank J, Witt SH, Rietschel M, Zimmer A, Nöthen MM, Miró X, Cichon S. Investigation of the involvement of MIR185 and its target genes in the development of schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2014; 39:386-96. [PMID: 24936775 PMCID: PMC4214873 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder of unclear etiology. The strongest known genetic risk factor is the 22q11.2 microdeletion. Research has yet to confirm which genes within the deletion region are implicated in schizophrenia. The minimal 1.5 megabase deletion contains MIR185, which encodes microRNA 185. METHODS We determined miR-185 expression in embryonic and adult mouse brains. Common and rare variants at this locus were then investigated using a human genetics approach. First, we performed gene-based analyses for MIR185 common variants and target genes using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association data. Second, MIR185 was resequenced in German patients (n = 1000) and controls (n = 500). We followed up promising variants by genotyping an additional European sample (patients, n = 3598; controls, n = 4082). RESULTS In situ hybridization in mice revealed miR-185 expression in brain regions implicated in schizophrenia. Gene-based tests revealed association between common variants in 3 MIR185 target genes (ATAT1, SH3PXD2A, NTRK3) and schizophrenia. Further analyses in mice revealed overlapping expression patterns for these target genes and miR-185. Resequencing identified 2 rare patient-specific novel variants flanking MIR185. However, follow-up genotyping provided no further evidence of their involvement in schizophrenia. LIMITATIONS Power to detect rare variant associations was limited. CONCLUSION Human genetic analyses generated no evidence of the involvement of MIR185 in schizophrenia. However, the expression patterns of miR-185 and its target genes in mice, and the genetic association results for the 3 target genes, suggest that further research into the involvement of miR-185 and its downstream pathways in schizophrenia is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Correspondence to: M.M. Nöthen, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
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45
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Maridonneau-Parini I. Control of macrophage 3D migration: a therapeutic challenge to limit tissue infiltration. Immunol Rev 2014; 262:216-31. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- CNRS UMR 5089; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
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Satoyoshi R, Aiba N, Yanagihara K, Yashiro M, Tanaka M. Tks5 activation in mesothelial cells creates invasion front of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Oncogene 2014; 34:3176-87. [PMID: 25088196 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scirrhous gastric cancer is frequently associated with peritoneal dissemination, and the interaction of cancer cells with peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is crucial for the establishment of the metastasis in the peritoneum. Although cells derived from PMCs are detected within tumors of peritoneal carcinomatosis, how PMCs are incorporated into tumor architecture is not understood. The present study shows that PMCs create the invasion front of peritoneal carcinomatosis, which depends on activation of Tks5 in PMCs. In peritoneal tumor implants, PMCs represent majority of cells located at the invasive edge of the cancer tissue. Exogenously implanted PMCs and host PMCs aggressively invade into abdominal wall upon the peritoneal inoculation of cancer cells, and PMCs locate ahead of cancer cells in the direction of invasion. Tks5, a substrate of Src kinase, is predominantly expressed in the PMCs of cancer tissue, and promotes the invasion of PMCs and cancer cells. Expression and activation of Tks5 was induced in PMCs following their exposure to gastric cancer cells, and increased Tks5 expression was detected in PMCs located at the invasion front. Reduced Tks5 expression in PMCs blocked PMC invasion, which in turn prevents cancer cell invasion both in vitro and in vivo. The peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer was significantly increased by mixing cancer cells and PMCs, and was suppressed by knockdown of Tks5 in PMCs. These results suggest that cancer-activated PMCs create invasion front by guiding cancer cells. Signaling leading to Tks5 activation in PMCs may be a suitable therapeutic target for prevention of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Satoyoshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - N Aiba
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - K Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Yashiro
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biochemistry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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CELLCOUNTER: novel open-source software for counting cell migration and invasion in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:863564. [PMID: 25054152 PMCID: PMC4099152 DOI: 10.1155/2014/863564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transwell Boyden chamber based migration/invasion assay is a simple and extensively used approach for the characterization of cell motility in vitro. Cell motility is quantified by counting the number of cells that pass through the filter membrane. The counting is usually performed manually, which is laborious and error prone. We have therefore developed CELLCOUNTER, an application that is capable of recognizing and counting the total number of cells through an intuitive graphical user interface. The counting can be performed in batch, and the counting results can be visualized and further curated manually. CELLCOUNTER will be helpful in streamlining the experimental process and improving the reliability of the data acquisition.
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Eble JA, de Rezende FF. Redox-relevant aspects of the extracellular matrix and its cellular contacts via integrins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1977-93. [PMID: 24040997 PMCID: PMC3993061 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) fulfills essential functions in multicellular organisms. It provides the mechanical scaffold and environmental cues to cells. Upon cell attachment, the ECM signals into the cells. In this process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiologically used as signalizing molecules. RECENT ADVANCES ECM attachment influences the ROS-production of cells. In turn, ROS affect the production, assembly and turnover of the ECM during wound healing and matrix remodeling. Pathological changes of ROS levels lead to excess ECM production and increased tissue contraction in fibrotic disorders and desmoplastic tumors. Integrins are cell adhesion molecules which mediate cell adhesion and force transmission between cells and the ECM. They have been identified as a target of redox-regulation by ROS. Cysteine-based redox-modifications, together with structural data, highlighted particular regions within integrin heterodimers that may be subject to redox-dependent conformational changes along with an alteration of integrin binding activity. CRITICAL ISSUES In a molecular model, a long-range disulfide-bridge within the integrin β-subunit and disulfide bridges within the genu and calf-2 domains of the integrin α-subunit may control the transition between the bent/inactive and upright/active conformation of the integrin ectodomain. These thiol-based intramolecular cross-linkages occur in the stalk domain of both integrin subunits, whereas the ligand-binding integrin headpiece is apparently unaffected by redox-regulation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Redox-regulation of the integrin activation state may explain the effect of ROS in physiological processes. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism may open new prospects for the treatment of fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A. Eble
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Center for Molecular Medicine, Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Flávia Figueiredo de Rezende
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Center for Molecular Medicine, Vascular Matrix Biology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Blancato J, Graves A, Rashidi B, Moroni M, Tchobe L, Ozdemirli M, Kallakury B, Makambi KH, Marian C, Mueller SC. SYK Allelic Loss and the Role of Syk-Regulated Genes in Breast Cancer Survival. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87610. [PMID: 24523870 PMCID: PMC3921124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygotic loss of SYK, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, gives rise to mouse mammary tumor formation where Syk protein levels are reduced by about half; loss of SYK mRNA is correlated with invasive cell behavior in in vitro models; and SYK loss has been correlated with distant metastases in patients. Here, allelic loss of the SYK gene was explored in breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) using fluorescence in situ hybridization and pyrosequencing, respectively, and in infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) using genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Allelic loss was present in a subset of DCIS cases where adjacent IDC was present. SYK copy number loss was found in about 26% of 1002 total breast cancer cases and 30% of IDC cases. Quantitative immunofluorescence revealed Syk protein to be six-fold higher in infiltrating immune cells compared with epithelial cells. This difference distorted tumor cell mRNA and protein levels in extracts. 20% of 1002 IDC cases contained elevated immune cell infiltration as estimated by elevated immune-specific mRNAs. In cases without immune cell infiltration, loss of SYK copy number was associated with a significant reduction of SYK mRNA. Here we define a 55 Gene Set consisting of Syk interacting, motility- and invasion-related genes. We found that overall survival was significantly reduced in IDC and Luminal A+B cases where copy number and mutations of these 55 genes were affected (Kaplan-Meier, Logrank test p-value 0.007141 and Logrank test p-value 0.001198, respectively). We conclude that reduction in Syk expression and contributions of genomic instability to copy number and mutations in the 55 Syk interacting genes significantly contribute to poorer overall patient survival. A closer examination of the role of Syk interacting motility and invasion genes and their prognostic and/or causative association with metastatic disease and patient outcome is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Blancato
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Ashley Graves
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Banafsheh Rashidi
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Maria Moroni
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leopold Tchobe
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- University of the District of Columbia/Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center Partnership, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Metin Ozdemirli
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Kepher H. Makambi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Catalin Marian
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Susette C. Mueller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Burger KL, Learman BS, Boucherle AK, Sirintrapun SJ, Isom S, Díaz B, Courtneidge SA, Seals DF. Src-dependent Tks5 phosphorylation regulates invadopodia-associated invasion in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2014; 74:134-48. [PMID: 24174371 PMCID: PMC4083496 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Src tyrosine kinase substrate and adaptor protein Tks5 had previously been implicated in the invasive phenotype of normal and transformed cell types via regulation of cytoskeletal structures called podosomes/invadopodia. The role of Src-Tks5 signaling in invasive prostate cancer, however, had not been previously evaluated. METHODS We measured the relative expression of Tks5 in normal (n = 20) and cancerous (n = 184, from 92 patients) prostate tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry using a commercially available tumor microarray. We also manipulated the expression and activity of wild-type and mutant Src and Tks5 constructs in the LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines in order to ascertain the role of Src-Tks5 signaling in invadopodia development, matrix-remodeling activity, motility, and invasion. RESULTS Our studies demonstrated that Src was activated and Tks5 upregulated in high Gleason score prostate tumor specimens and in invasive prostate cancer cell lines. Remarkably, overexpression of Tks5 in LNCaP cells was sufficient to induce invadopodia formation and associated matrix degradation. This Tks5-dependent increase in invasive behavior further depended on Src tyrosine kinase activity and the phosphorylation of Tks5 at tyrosine residues 557 and 619. In PC-3 cells we demonstrated that Tks5 phosphorylation at these sites was necessary and sufficient for invadopodia-associated matrix degradation and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a general role for Src-Tks5 signaling in prostate tumor progression and the utility of Tks5 as a marker protein for the staging of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Burger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brian S. Learman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Amy K. Boucherle
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - S. Joseph Sirintrapun
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Scott Isom
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Sara A. Courtneidge
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Darren F. Seals
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
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