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Liu Z, Tian J, Peng F, Wang J. Hypermethylation of mitochondrial DNA facilitates bone metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2022; 13:304-312. [PMID: 34976191 PMCID: PMC8692697 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancers including clear cell carcinoma (RCC) are identified with very vulnerable mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) and frequent epigenetic aberrations. Bone metastasis from RCC is prevalent and destructive. Bone marrow contains a quite hypoxic microenvironment that usually insitigate 50% of hypermethylation events in conferring a selective advantage for tumor growth. We hypothesized that hypermethylation of mtDNA in RCC cells would significantly contribute to bone metastatic tumor progression. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay (MSP) was adopted to measure the methylation status of D-loop region of mtDNA in 15 pairs of bone metastatic and primary RCC as well as tumor adjescent normal kidney tissues. mtDNA copy number was examined by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Western blotting analysis was used to measure the accumulation of several DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in the mitochondria and nucleus fractions of bone metastatic RCC cells. mRNA expression of mitochondria encoded genes was examined by RT-PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content were measured using in vitro cells treated with de-methylation drug 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza). Non-invasive bioluminescent imaging was performed to monitor tumor occurrence in skeleton in mice. Our results showed that the D-loop region in bone metastatic tumor cells was markedly hypermethylated than those in primary RCC tumor cells, that is associated with a decreased mtDNA copy number and accumulation of DNMT1 in the mitochondria. The bone-tropism tumor colonization and progression of RCC cells was significantly suppressed by demethylating the D-loop region of mtDNA and reducing the intracellular level of ROS and ATP by 5-Aza treatment. In conclusion, our study provided a direct association between hypermethylation of mtDNA in RCC with bone metastastic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Oncology, People's hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R.China
| | - Jinhai Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, People's hospital of Dongxihu District, Wuhan, Hubei 430040, P.R.China
| | - Fuhong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji hospital of Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji hospital of Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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2
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Friedrich VK, Rubel MA, Schurr TG. Mitochondrial genetic variation in human bioenergetics, adaptation, and adult disease. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23629. [PMID: 34146380 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondria are critical for the survival of eukaryotic organisms due to their ability to produce cellular energy, which drives virtually all aspects of host biology. However, the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in relation to disease etiology and adaptation within contemporary global human populations remains incompletely understood. METHODS To develop a more holistic understanding of the role of mtDNA diversity in human adaptation, health, and disease, we investigated mitochondrial biology and bioenergetics. More specifically, we synthesized details from studies of mitochondrial function and variation in the context of haplogroup background, climatic adaptation, and oxidative disease. RESULTS The majority of studies show that mtDNA variation arose during modern human dispersal around the world. Some of these variants appear to have been positively selected for their adaptiveness in colder climates, with these sequence changes having implications for tissue-specific function and thermogenic capacity. In addition, many variants modulating energy production are also associated with damaging metabolic byproducts and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, are implicated in the onset and severity of several different adult mitochondrial diseases. Thus, mtDNA variation that governs bioenergetics, metabolism, and thermoregulation may potentially have adverse consequences for human health, depending on the genetic background and context in which it occurs. CONCLUSIONS Our review suggests that the mitochondrial research field would benefit from independently replicating mtDNA haplogroup-phenotype associations across global populations, incorporating potentially confounding environmental, demographic, and disease covariates into studies of mtDNA variation, and extending association-based studies to include analyses of complete mitogenomes and assays of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volney K Friedrich
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meagan A Rubel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mitochondria: The Retina's Achilles' Heel in AMD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1256:237-264. [PMID: 33848005 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66014-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong experimental evidence from studies in human donor retinas and animal models supports the idea that the retinal pathology associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent altered retinal metabolism. This chapter provides a brief overview of mitochondrial structure and function, summarizes evidence for mitochondrial defects in AMD, and highlights the potential ramifications of these defects on retinal health and function. Discussion of mitochondrial haplogroups and their association with AMD brings to light how mitochondrial genetics can influence disease outcome. As one of the most metabolically active tissues in the human body, there is strong evidence that disruption in key metabolic pathways contributes to AMD pathology. The section on retinal metabolism reviews cell-specific metabolic differences and how the metabolic interdependence of each retinal cell type creates a unique ecosystem that is disrupted in the diseased retina. The final discussion includes strategies for therapeutic interventions that target key mitochondrial pathways as a treatment for AMD.
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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5
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Saccà SC, Vernazza S, Iorio EL, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Gandolfi S, Izzotti A. Molecular changes in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork. Correlations with retinal ganglion cell death and novel strategies for neuroprotection. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 256:151-188. [PMID: 32958211 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss. Although significant advances in ophthalmologic knowledge and practice have been made, some glaucoma mechanisms are not yet understood, therefore, up to now there is no effective treatment able to ensure healing. Indeed, either pharmacological or surgical approaches to this disease aim in lowering intraocular pressure, which is considered the only modifiable risk factor. However, it is well known that several factors and metabolites are equally (if not more) involved in glaucoma. Oxidative stress, for instance, plays a pivotal role in both glaucoma onset and progression because it is responsible for the trabecular meshwork cell damage and, consequently, for intraocular pressure increase as well as for glaucomatous damage cascade. This review at first shows accurately the molecular-derived dysfunctions in antioxidant system and in mitochondria homeostasis which due to both oxidative stress and aging, lead to a chronic inflammation state, the trabecular meshwork damage as well as the glaucoma neurodegeneration. Therefore, the main molecular events triggered by oxidative stress up to the proapoptotic signals that promote the ganglion cell death have been highlighted. The second part of this review, instead, describes some of neuroprotective agents such as polyphenols or polyunsaturated fatty acids as possible therapeutic source against the propagation of glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Saccà
- Policlinico San Martino University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience and sense organs, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.
| | | | | | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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6
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Meduri GU, Chrousos GP. General Adaptation in Critical Illness: Glucocorticoid Receptor-alpha Master Regulator of Homeostatic Corrections. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:161. [PMID: 32390938 PMCID: PMC7189617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In critical illness, homeostatic corrections representing the culmination of hundreds of millions of years of evolution, are modulated by the activated glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) and are associated with an enormous bioenergetic and metabolic cost. Appreciation of how homeostatic corrections work and how they evolved provides a conceptual framework to understand the complex pathobiology of critical illness. Emerging literature place the activated GRα at the center of all phases of disease development and resolution, including activation and re-enforcement of innate immunity, downregulation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors, and restoration of anatomy and function. By the time critically ill patients necessitate vital organ support for survival, they have reached near exhaustion or exhaustion of neuroendocrine homeostatic compensation, cell bio-energetic and adaptation functions, and reserves of vital micronutrients. We review how critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction/damage, and hypovitaminosis collectively interact to accelerate an anti-homeostatic active process of natural selection. Importantly, the allostatic overload imposed by these homeostatic corrections impacts negatively on both acute and long-term morbidity and mortality. Since the bioenergetic and metabolic reserves to support homeostatic corrections are time-limited, early interventions should be directed at increasing GRα and mitochondria number and function. Present understanding of the activated GC-GRα's role in immunomodulation and disease resolution should be taken into account when re-evaluating how to administer glucocorticoid treatment and co-interventions to improve cellular responsiveness. The activated GRα interdependence with functional mitochondria and three vitamin reserves (B1, C, and D) provides a rationale for co-interventions that include prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in association with rapid correction of hypovitaminosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Umberto Meduri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
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7
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The Emerging Role of Senescence in Ocular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2583601. [PMID: 32215170 PMCID: PMC7085400 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2583601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to an array of cellular stresses. An important role for senescence has been shown for a number of pathophysiological conditions that include cardiovascular disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and diseases of the skin. However, whether senescence contributes to the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has not been studied in detail so far and the present review describes the recent research on this topic. We present an overview of the types of senescence, pathways of senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), the role of mitochondria, and their functional implications along with antisenescent therapies. As a central mechanism, senescent cells can impact the surrounding tissue microenvironment via the secretion of a pool of bioactive molecules, termed the SASP. An updated summary of a number of new members of the ever-growing SASP family is presented. Further, we introduce the significance of mechanisms by which mitochondria may participate in the development of cellular senescence. Emerging evidence shows that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of the effects of senescent cells on their microenvironment. Based on recent studies, there is reasonable evidence that senescence could be a modifiable factor, and hence, it may be possible to delay age-related diseases by modulating basic aging mechanisms using SASP inhibitors/senolytic drugs. Thus, antisenescent therapies in aging and age-related diseases appear to have a promising potential.
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8
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Hill BG, Shiva S, Ballinger S, Zhang J, Darley-Usmar VM. Bioenergetics and translational metabolism: implications for genetics, physiology and precision medicine. Biol Chem 2019; 401:3-29. [PMID: 31815377 PMCID: PMC6944318 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is now becoming clear that human metabolism is extremely plastic and varies substantially between healthy individuals. Understanding the biochemistry that underlies this physiology will enable personalized clinical interventions related to metabolism. Mitochondrial quality control and the detailed mechanisms of mitochondrial energy generation are central to understanding susceptibility to pathologies associated with aging including cancer, cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases. A precision medicine approach is also needed to evaluate the impact of exercise or caloric restriction on health. In this review, we discuss how technical advances in assessing mitochondrial genetics, cellular bioenergetics and metabolomics offer new insights into developing metabolism-based clinical tests and metabolotherapies. We discuss informatics approaches, which can define the bioenergetic-metabolite interactome and how this can help define healthy energetics. We propose that a personalized medicine approach that integrates metabolism and bioenergetics with physiologic parameters is central for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases with a metabolic etiology. New approaches that measure energetics and metabolomics from cells isolated from human blood or tissues can be of diagnostic and prognostic value to precision medicine. This is particularly significant with the development of new metabolotherapies, such as mitochondrial transplantation, which could help treat complex metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G. Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, Center for Metabolism & Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15143
| | - Scott Ballinger
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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9
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Abstract
Organismal aging is accompanied by a host of progressive metabolic alterations and an accumulation of senescent cells, along with functional decline and the appearance of multiple diseases. This implies that the metabolic features of cell senescence may contribute to the organism’s metabolic changes and be closely linked to age-associated diseases, especially metabolic syndromes. However, there is no clear understanding of senescent metabolic characteristics. Here, we review key metabolic features and regulators of cellular senescence, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and anabolic deregulation, and their link to other senescence phenotypes and aging. We further discuss the mechanistic involvement of the metabolic regulators mTOR, AMPK, and GSK3, proposing them as key metabolic switches for modulating senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mee Kwon
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Hong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- Departments of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seongki Min
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (BK21 Plus), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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10
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Investigating mitonuclear interactions in human admixed populations. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:213-222. [PMID: 30643241 PMCID: PMC6925600 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To function properly, mitochondria utilize products of 37 mitochondrial and >1,000 nuclear genes, which should be compatible with each other. Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genetic ancestry could contribute to phenotypic variation in admixed populations. Here, we explored potential mitonuclear incompatibility in six admixed human populations from the Americas: African Americans, African Caribbeans, Colombians, Mexicans, Peruvians and Puerto Ricans. By comparing nuclear versus mitochondrial ancestry in these populations, we first show that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number decreases with increasing discordance between nuclear and mtDNA ancestry. The direction of this effect is consistent across mtDNA haplogroups of different geographic origins. This observation indicates suboptimal regulation of mtDNA replication when its components are encoded by nuclear and mtDNA genes with different ancestry. Second, while most populations analysed exhibit no such trend, in African Americans and Puerto Ricans, we find a significant enrichment of ancestry at nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes towards the source populations contributing the most prevalent mtDNA haplogroups (African and Native American, respectively). This possibly reflects compensatory effects of selection in recovering mitonuclear interactions optimized in the source populations. Our results provide evidence of mitonuclear interactions in human admixed populations and we discuss their implications for human health and disease.
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11
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Beadnell TC, Scheid AD, Vivian CJ, Welch DR. Roles of the mitochondrial genetics in cancer metastasis: not to be ignored any longer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:615-632. [PMID: 30542781 PMCID: PMC6358502 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes for only a fraction of the proteins that are encoded within the nucleus, and therefore has typically been regarded as a lesser player in cancer biology and metastasis. Accumulating evidence, however, supports an increased role for mtDNA impacting tumor progression and metastatic susceptibility. Unfortunately, due to this delay, there is a dearth of data defining the relative contributions of specific mtDNA polymorphisms (SNP), which leads to an inability to effectively use these polymorphisms to guide and enhance therapeutic strategies and diagnosis. In addition, evidence also suggests that differences in mtDNA impact not only the cancer cells but also the cells within the surrounding tumor microenvironment, suggesting a broad encompassing role for mtDNA polymorphisms in regulating the disease progression. mtDNA may have profound implications in the regulation of cancer biology and metastasis. However, there are still great lengths to go to understand fully its contributions. Thus, herein, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of mtDNA in cancer and metastasis, providing a framework for future functional validation and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Carolyn J Vivian
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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12
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Bussard KM, Siracusa LD. Understanding Mitochondrial Polymorphisms in Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6051-6059. [PMID: 29097610 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were once thought to be predominantly innocuous to cell growth. Recent evidence suggests that mtDNA undergo naturally occurring alterations, including mutations and polymorphisms, which profoundly affect the cells in which they appear and contribute to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Furthermore, interplay between mtDNA and nuclear DNA has been found in cancer cells, necessitating consideration of these complex interactions for future studies of cancer mutations and polymorphisms. In this issue of Cancer Research, Vivian and colleagues utilize a unique mouse model, called Mitochondrial Nuclear eXchange mice, that contain the nuclear DNA from one inbred mouse strain, and the mtDNA from a different inbred mouse strain to examine the genome-wide nuclear DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of brain tissue. Results demonstrated there were alterations in nuclear DNA expression and DNA methylation driven by mtDNA. These alterations may impact disease pathogenesis. In light of these results, in this review, we highlight alterations in mtDNA, with a specific focus on polymorphisms associated with cancer susceptibility and/or prognosis, mtDNA as cancer biomarkers, and considerations for investigating the role of mtDNA in cancer progression for future studies. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6051-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Bussard
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Linda D Siracusa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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13
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Mitochondrial retrograde signaling connects respiratory capacity to thermogenic gene expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2013. [PMID: 28515438 PMCID: PMC5435730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration plays a crucial role in determining the metabolic state of brown adipose tissue (BAT), due to its direct roles in thermogenesis, as well as through additional mechanisms. Here, we show that respiration-dependent retrograde signaling from mitochondria to nucleus contributes to genetic and metabolic reprogramming of BAT. In mouse BAT, ablation of LRPPRC (LRP130), a potent regulator of mitochondrial transcription and respiratory capacity, triggers down-regulation of thermogenic genes, promoting a storage phenotype in BAT. This retrograde regulation functions by inhibiting the recruitment of PPARγ to the regulatory elements of thermogenic genes. Reducing cytosolic Ca2+ reverses the attenuation of thermogenic genes in brown adipocytes with impaired respiratory capacity, while induction of cytosolic Ca2+ is sufficient to attenuate thermogenic gene expression, indicating that cytosolic Ca2+ mediates mitochondria-nucleus crosstalk. Our findings suggest respiratory capacity governs thermogenic gene expression and BAT function via mitochondria-nucleus communication, which in turn leads to either a thermogenic or storage mode.
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14
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Chene G, Lamblin G, Le Bail-Carval K, Beaufils E, Chabert P, Gaucherand P, Mellier G, Coppens Y. [Lucy's cancer(s): A prehistorical origin?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:690-700. [PMID: 27839715 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The recent discovery of the earliest hominin cancer, a 1.7-million-year-old osteosarcoma from South Africa has raised the question of the origin of cancer and its determinants. We aimed to determine whether malignant and benign tumors exist in the past societies. METHODS A review of literature using Medline database and Google about benign and malignant tumors in prehistory and antiquity. Only cases with morphological and paraclinical analysis were included. The following keywords were used: cancer; paleopathology; malignant neoplasia; benign tumor; leiomyoma; myoma; breast cancer; mummies; soft tissue tumor; Antiquity. RESULTS Thirty-five articles were found in wich there were 34 malignant tumors, 10 benign tumors and 11 gynecological benign tumors. CONCLUSIONS The fact that there were some malignant tumors, even few tumors and probably underdiagnosed, in the past may be evidence that cancer is not only a disease of the modern world. Cancer may be indeed a moving target: we have likely predisposing genes to cancer inherited from our ancestors. The malignant disease could therefore appear because of our modern lifestyle (carcinogens and risk factors related to the modern industrial society).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chene
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France; EMR 3738, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France.
| | - G Lamblin
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - K Le Bail-Carval
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - E Beaufils
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - P Chabert
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - P Gaucherand
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - G Mellier
- Département de gynécologie, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HFME, hospices civils de Lyon, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Y Coppens
- Chaire de paléoanthropologie, collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Nashine S, Chwa M, Kazemian M, Thaker K, Lu S, Nesburn A, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Differential Expression of Complement Markers in Normal and AMD Transmitochondrial Cybrids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159828. [PMID: 27486856 PMCID: PMC4972370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and abnormalities in the complement pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study was designed to determine the effects of mtDNA from AMD subjects on the complement pathway. Methods Transmitochondrial cybrids were prepared by fusing platelets from AMD and age-matched Normal subjects with Rho0 (lacking mtDNA) human ARPE-19 cells. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to examine gene and protein expression profiles, respectively, of complement markers in these cybrids. Bioenergetic profiles of Normal and AMD cybrids were examined using the Seahorse XF24 flux analyzer. Results Significant decreases in the gene and protein expression of complement inhibitors, along with significantly higher levels of complement activators, were found in AMD cybrids compared to Older-Normal cybrids. Seahorse flux data demonstrated that the bioenergetic profiles for Older-Normal and Older-AMD cybrid samples were similar to each other but were lower compared to Young-Normal cybrid samples. Conclusion In summary, since all cybrids had identical nuclei and differed only in mtDNA content, the observed changes in components of complement pathways can be attributed to mtDNA variations in the AMD subjects, suggesting that mitochondrial genome and retrograde signaling play critical roles in this disease. Furthermore, the similar bioenergetic profiles of AMD and Older-Normal cybrids indicate that the signaling between mitochondria and nuclei are probably not via a respiratory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Nashine
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Mina Kazemian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University Nevada, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Kunal Thaker
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Lu
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- VA Medical Center Long Beach Hospital, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Anthony Nesburn
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Baruch D. Kuppermann
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - M. Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lee YK, Jee BA, Kwon SM, Yoon YS, Xu WG, Wang HJ, Wang XW, Thorgeirsson SS, Lee JS, Woo HG, Yoon G. Identification of a mitochondrial defect gene signature reveals NUPR1 as a key regulator of liver cancer progression. Hepatology 2015; 62:1174-89. [PMID: 26173068 PMCID: PMC6312643 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many cancer cells require more glycolytic adenosine triphosphate production due to a mitochondrial respiratory defect. However, the roles of mitochondrial defects in cancer development and progression remain unclear. To address the role of transcriptomic regulation by mitochondrial defects in liver cancer cells, we performed gene expression profiling for three different cell models of mitochondrial defects: cells with chemical respiratory inhibition (rotenone, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, antimycin A, and oligomycin), cells with mitochondrial DNA depletion (Rho0), and liver cancer cells harboring mitochondrial defects (SNU354 and SNU423). By comparing gene expression in the three models, we identified 10 common mitochondrial defect-related genes that may be responsible for retrograde signaling from cancer cell mitochondria to the intracellular transcriptome. The concomitant expression of the 10 common mitochondrial defect genes is significantly associated with poor prognostic outcomes in liver cancers, suggesting their functional and clinical relevance. Among the common mitochondrial defect genes, we found that nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) is one of the key transcription regulators. Knockdown of NUPR1 suppressed liver cancer cell invasion, which was mediated in a Ca(2+) signaling-dependent manner. In addition, by performing an NUPR1-centric network analysis and promoter binding assay, granulin was identified as a key downstream effector of NUPR1. We also report association of the NUPR1-granulin pathway with mitochondrial defect-derived glycolytic activation in human liver cancer. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial respiratory defects and subsequent retrograde signaling, particularly the NUPR1-granulin pathway, play pivotal roles in liver cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Byul A. Jee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - So Mee Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young-Sil Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Wei Guang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Wang
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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Byun HO, Lee YK, Kim JM, Yoon G. From cell senescence to age-related diseases: differential mechanisms of action of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. BMB Rep 2015; 48:549-58. [PMID: 26129674 PMCID: PMC4911181 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a process by which cells enter a state of permanent cell cycle arrest. It is commonly believed to underlie organismal aging and age-associated diseases. However, the mechanism by which cellular senescence contributes to aging and age-associated pathologies remains unclear. Recent studies showed that senescent cells exert detrimental effects on the tissue microenvironment, generating pathological facilitators or aggravators. The most significant environmental effector resulting from senescent cells is the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is constituted by a strikingly increased expression and secretion of diverse pro-inflammatory cytokines. Careful investigation into the components of SASPs and their mechanism of action, may improve our understanding of the pathological backgrounds of age-associated diseases. In this review, we focus on the differential expression of SASP-related genes, in addition to SASP components, during the progress of senescence. We also provide a perspective on the possible action mechanisms of SASP components, and potential contributions of SASP-expressing senescent cells, to age-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ok Byun
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine
- College of Natural Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School
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18
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Szumiel I. From radioresistance to radiosensitivity: In vitro evolution of L5178Y lymphoma. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:465-71. [PMID: 25651039 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.996263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To discuss the possible reasons for the loss of tumourigenicity and the acquisition of new phenotypic features (among them, sensitivity to X and UVC radiations) as a result of in vitro cultivation of L5178Y lymphoma cells. RESULTS Ten years ago the phenotypic differences between LY-R (original L5178Y maintained in vivo and examined in vitro) and LY-S lines were reviewed in detail by the author. The loss of tumourigenicity of LY-R cells upon in vitro cultivation accompanying the acquirement of the LY-S phenotype had been described earlier by Beer et al. (1983). In spite of their common origin, the sublines were shown to differ in their relative sensitivity to a number of DNA damaging agents and in numerous other features. Here, selected differences between LY-R and LY-S lines are briefly reviewed. It is proposed that Wallace's concept (2010a) that mitochondria are the interface between environmental conditions and the genome may explain the LY-R-LY-S conversion under prolonged in vitro cultivation. CONCLUSION The differences between the LY lines were probably of epigenetic rather than genetic character. The properties of LY-R cells changed as a result of exposure to an oxic in vitro milieu. The changes could be preconditioned by heteroplasmy and the selection of cells endowed with mitochondria best fitted to a high oxygen-low carbon dioxide environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Szumiel
- Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
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19
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Kenney MC, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Falatoonzadeh P, Ramirez C, Malik D, Tarek M, Cáceres-del-Carpio J, Nesburn AB, Boyer DS, Kuppermann BD, Vawter M, Jazwinski SM, Miceli M, Wallace DC, Udar N. Inherited mitochondrial DNA variants can affect complement, inflammation and apoptosis pathways: insights into mitochondrial-nuclear interactions. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3537-51. [PMID: 24584571 PMCID: PMC4049308 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in developed countries. While linked to genetic polymorphisms in the complement pathway, there are many individuals with high risk alleles that do not develop AMD, suggesting that other 'modifiers' may be involved. Mitochondrial (mt) haplogroups, defined by accumulations of specific mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which represent population origins, may be one such modifier. J haplogroup has been associated with high risk for AMD while the H haplogroup is protective. It has been difficult to assign biological consequences for haplogroups so we created human ARPE-19 cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids), which have identical nuclei but mitochondria of either J or H haplogroups, to investigate their effects upon bioenergetics and molecular pathways. J cybrids have altered bioenergetic profiles compared with H cybrids. Q-PCR analyses show significantly lower expression levels for seven respiratory complex genes encoded by mtDNA. J and H cybrids have significantly altered expression of eight nuclear genes of the alternative complement, inflammation and apoptosis pathways. Sequencing of the entire mtDNA was carried out for all the cybrids to identify haplogroup and non-haplogroup defining SNPs. mtDNA can mediate cellular bioenergetics and expression levels of nuclear genes related to complement, inflammation and apoptosis. Sequencing data suggest that observed effects are not due to rare mtDNA variants but rather the combination of SNPs representing the J versus H haplogroups. These findings represent a paradigm shift in our concepts of mt-nuclear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | | | - Marquis Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Miceli
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
The link between chronic psychosocial and metabolic stress and the pathogenesis of disease has been extensively documented. Nevertheless, the cellular mechanisms by which stressful life experiences and their associated primary neuroendocrine mediators cause biological damage and increase disease risk remain poorly understood. The allostatic load model of chronic stress focuses on glucocorticoid dysregulation. In this Perspectives, we expand upon the metabolic aspects of this model-particularly glucose imbalance-and propose that mitochondrial dysfunction constitutes an early, modifiable target of chronic stress and stress-related health behaviours. Central to this process is mitochondrial regulation of energy metabolism and cellular signalling. Chronically elevated glucose levels damage both mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA, generating toxic products that can promote systemic inflammation, alter gene expression and hasten cell ageing. Consequently, the concept of 'mitochondrial allostatic load' defines the deleterious structural and functional changes that mitochondria undergo in response to elevated glucose levels and stress-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Frezza C. The role of mitochondria in the oncogenic signal transduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:11-7. [PMID: 24397955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles thought to have evolved from an alphaproteobacterium engulfed by the ancestor of the eukaryotic cell, an archeon, two billion years ago. Although mitochondria are frequently recognised as the "power plant" of the cell, the function of these organelles go beyond the simple generation of ATP. In fact, mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria are involved in several cellular processes, from regulation of cell death to signal transduction. Given this important role in cell physiology, mitochondrial dysfunction has been frequently associated with human diseases including cancer. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial function is directly regulated by oncogenes and tumour suppressors. However, the consequences of deregulation of mitochondrial function in tumour formation are still unclear. In this review, I propose that mitochondria play a pivotal role in shaping the oncogenic signalling cascade and that mitochondrial dysfunction, in some circumstances, is a required step for cancer transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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