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Chung GHC, Lorvellec M, Gissen P, Pichaud F, Burden JJ, Stefan CJ. The ultrastructural organization of endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contacts is conserved in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar113. [PMID: 35947498 PMCID: PMC9635291 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-11-0534-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane (ER-PM contacts) have important roles in membrane lipid and calcium dynamics, yet their organization in polarized epithelial cells has not been thoroughly described. Here we examine ER-PM contacts in hepatocytes in mouse liver using electron microscopy, providing the first comprehensive ultrastructural study of ER-PM contacts in a mammalian epithelial tissue. Our quantitative analyses reveal strikingly distinct ER-PM contact architectures spatially linked to apical, lateral, and basal PM domains. Notably, we find that an extensive network of ER-PM contacts exists at lateral PM domains that form intercellular junctions between hepatocytes. Moreover, the spatial organization of ER-PM contacts is conserved in epithelial spheroids, suggesting that ER-PM contacts may serve conserved roles in epithelial cell architecture. Consistent with this notion, we show that ORP5 activity at ER-PM contacts modulates the apical-basolateral aspect ratio in HepG2 cells. Thus ER-PM contacts have a conserved distribution and crucial roles in PM domain architecture across epithelial cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hong Chun Chung
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maëlle Lorvellec
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Franck Pichaud
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jemima J Burden
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christopher J Stefan
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Trans-cinnamaldehyde suppresses microtubule detyrosination and alleviates cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174687. [PMID: 34883072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) is a main compound of Cinnamomum cassia, used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat many ailments. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the therapeutic effects of TCA in cardiovascular diseases. PURPOSE The present study aimed to determine whether TCA exerts antihypertrophic effects in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects. METHODS Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) and adult mouse cardiac myocytes (AMCMs) were treated with 50 μΜ phenylephrine (PE) for 48 h. Tubulin detyrosination, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1)/Orai1 translocation, and calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathways were analyzed in NRCMs. Meanwhile, tubulin detyrosination, junctophilin-2, T-tubule distribution pattern, Ca2+ handling, and sarcomere shortening were observed in AMCMs. Male C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with PE (70 mg/kg per day) with or without TCA treatment for 2 weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy and tubulin detyrosination were also assessed. RESULTS TCA was confirmed to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy induced by PE stimulation in vitro and in vivo. PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy was associated with excessive tubulin detyrosination and overexpression of vasohibin 1 (VASH1) and small vasohibin binding protein (SVBP), two key proteins responsible for tubulin detyrosination. These effects were largely blocked by TCA administration. PE treatment also enhanced SOCE with massive translocation of STIM1 and Orai1, Ca2+ mishandling, reduced sarcomere shortening, junctophilin-2, and T-tubule redistribution, all of which were significantly ameliorated by TCA administration. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the therapeutic effects of TCA against cardiac hypertrophy may be associated with its ability to reduce tubulin detyrosination.
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Rosado A, Bayer EM. Geometry and cellular function of organelle membrane interfaces. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:650-662. [PMID: 33793898 PMCID: PMC8133572 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A vast majority of cellular processes take root at the surface of biological membranes. By providing a two-dimensional platform with limited diffusion, membranes are, by nature, perfect devices to concentrate signaling and metabolic components. As such, membranes often act as "key processors" of cellular information. Biological membranes are highly dynamic and deformable and can be shaped into curved, tubular, or flat conformations, resulting in differentiated biophysical properties. At membrane contact sites, membranes from adjacent organelles come together into a unique 3D configuration, forming functionally distinct microdomains, which facilitate spatially regulated functions, such as organelle communication. Here, we describe the diversity of geometries of contact site-forming membranes in different eukaryotic organisms and explore the emerging notion that their shape, 3D architecture, and remodeling jointly define their cellular activity. The review also provides selected examples highlighting changes in membrane contact site architecture acting as rapid and local responses to cellular perturbations, and summarizes our current understanding of how those structural changes confer functional specificity to those cellular territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Author for communication:
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Gil-Hernández A, Arroyo-Campuzano M, Simoni-Nieves A, Zazueta C, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Silva-Palacios A. Relevance of Membrane Contact Sites in Cancer Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:622215. [PMID: 33511135 PMCID: PMC7835521 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.622215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) are typically defined as areas of proximity between heterologous or homologous membranes characterized by specific proteins. The study of MCS is considered as an emergent field that shows how crucial organelle interactions are in cell physiology. MCS regulate a myriad of physiological processes such as apoptosis, calcium, and lipid signaling, just to name a few. The membranal interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria, the ER–plasma membrane, and the vesicular traffic have received special attention in recent years, particularly in cancer research, in which it has been proposed that MCS regulate tumor metabolism and fate, contributing to their progression. However, as the therapeutic or diagnostic potential of MCS has not been fully revisited, in this review, we provide recent information on MCS relevance on calcium and lipid signaling in cancer cells and on its role in tumor progression. We also describe some proteins associated with MCS, like CERT, STIM1, VDAC, and Orai, that impact on cancer progression and that could be a possible diagnostic marker. Overall, these information might contribute to the understanding of the complex biology of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Gil-Hernández
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Arroyo-Campuzano
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Simoni-Nieves
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Gomez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Xu L, Wang X, Tong C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contact Sites and Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:428. [PMID: 32626703 PMCID: PMC7314981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites (ERMCSs) are dynamic contact regions with a distance of 10-30 nm between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites regulate various biological processes, including lipid transfer, calcium homeostasis, autophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics. The dysfunction of ERMCS is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the components and organization of ERMCSs, the methods for monitoring ERMCSs, and the physiological functions of ERMCSs in different model systems. Additionally, we will emphasize the current understanding of the malfunction of ERMCSs and their potential roles in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Huang X, Jiang C, Yu L, Yang A. Current and Emerging Approaches for Studying Inter-Organelle Membrane Contact Sites. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:195. [PMID: 32292782 PMCID: PMC7118198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) are classically defined as areas of close proximity between heterologous membranes and established by specific proteins (termed tethers). The interest on MCSs has rapidly increased in the last years, since MCSs play a crucial role in the transfer of cellular components between different organelles and have been involved in important cellular functions such as apoptosis, organelle division and biogenesis, and cell growth. Recently, an unprecedented depth and breadth in insights into the details of MCSs have been uncovered. On one hand, extensive MCSs (organelles interactome) are revealed by comprehensive analysis of organelle network with high temporal-spatial resolution at the system level. On the other hand, more and more tethers involving in MCSs are identified and further works are focusing on addressing the role of these tethers in regulating the function of MCSs at the molecular level. These enormous progresses largely depend on the powerful approaches, including several different types of microscopies and various biochemical techniques. These approaches have greatly accelerated recent advances in MCSs at the system and molecular level. In this review, we summarize the current and emerging approaches for studying MCSs, such as various microscopies, proximity-driven fluorescent signal generation and proximity-dependent biotinylation. In addition, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques to provide a general guidance for the study of MCSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihua Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Scorrano L, De Matteis MA, Emr S, Giordano F, Hajnóczky G, Kornmann B, Lackner LL, Levine TP, Pellegrini L, Reinisch K, Rizzuto R, Simmen T, Stenmark H, Ungermann C, Schuldiner M. Coming together to define membrane contact sites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1287. [PMID: 30894536 PMCID: PMC6427007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Close proximities between organelles have been described for decades. However, only recently a specific field dealing with organelle communication at membrane contact sites has gained wide acceptance, attracting scientists from multiple areas of cell biology. The diversity of approaches warrants a unified vocabulary for the field. Such definitions would facilitate laying the foundations of this field, streamlining communication and resolving semantic controversies. This opinion, written by a panel of experts in the field, aims to provide this burgeoning area with guidelines for the experimental definition and analysis of contact sites. It also includes suggestions on how to operationally and tractably measure and analyze them with the hope of ultimately facilitating knowledge production and dissemination within and outside the field of contact-site research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scorrano
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonietta De Matteis
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Scott Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, 91198, France.
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benoît Kornmann
- University of Oxford, Department of Biochemistry, South Parks Road, Ox1 3QU, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L Lackner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tim P Levine
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Universitè Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Karin Reinisch
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas Simmen
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB, T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, 49082, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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Bandet CL, Mahfouz R, Véret J, Sotiropoulos A, Poirier M, Giussani P, Campana M, Philippe E, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Ballaire R, Le Liepvre X, Bourron O, Berkeš D, Górski J, Ferré P, Le Stunff H, Foufelle F, Hajduch E. Ceramide Transporter CERT Is Involved in Muscle Insulin Signaling Defects Under Lipotoxic Conditions. Diabetes 2018; 67:1258-1271. [PMID: 29759974 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
One main mechanism of insulin resistance (IR), a key feature of type 2 diabetes, is the accumulation of saturated fatty acids (FAs) in the muscles of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanism that underlies lipid-induced IR is an important challenge. Saturated FAs are metabolized into lipid derivatives called ceramides, and their accumulation plays a central role in the development of muscle IR. Ceramides are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and transported to the Golgi apparatus through a transporter called CERT, where they are converted into various sphingolipid species. We show that CERT protein expression is reduced in all IR models studied because of a caspase-dependent cleavage. Inhibiting CERT activity in vitro potentiates the deleterious action of lipotoxicity on insulin signaling, whereas overexpression of CERT in vitro or in vivo decreases muscle ceramide content and improves insulin signaling. In addition, inhibition of caspase activity prevents ceramide-induced insulin signaling defects in C2C12 muscle cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate the importance of physiological ER-to-Golgi ceramide traffic to preserve muscle cell insulin signaling and identify CERT as a major actor in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile L Bandet
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Rana Mahfouz
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Julien Véret
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | | | - Maxime Poirier
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, LITA Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Mélanie Campana
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Erwann Philippe
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Agnieszka Blachnio-Zabielska
- Departments of Physiology and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Raphaëlle Ballaire
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Le Liepvre
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Diabétologie et Maladies métaboliques, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Dušan Berkeš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Górski
- Departments of Physiology and Hygiene, Epidemiology and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pascal Ferré
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Université Paris-Diderot, Unité de biologie fonctionnelle et adaptative, CNRS UMR 8251, Paris, France
- UMR 9197 Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay (Neuro-PSI), Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Fabienne Foufelle
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hajduch
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, Paris, France
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Bayer EM, Sparkes I, Vanneste S, Rosado A. From shaping organelles to signalling platforms: the emerging functions of plant ER-PM contact sites. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:89-96. [PMID: 28865976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) defines the biosynthetic site of lipids and proteins destined for secretion, but also contains important signal transduction and homeostasis components that regulate multiple hormonal and developmental responses. To achieve its various functions, the ER has a unique architecture, both reticulated and highly plastic, that facilitates the spatial-temporal segregation of biochemical reactions and the establishment of inter-organelle communication networks. At the cell cortex, the cortical ER (cER) anchors to and functionally couples with the PM through largely static structures known as ER-PM contact sites (EPCS). These spatially confined microdomains are emerging as critical regulators of the geometry of the cER network, and as highly specialized signalling hubs. In this review, we share recent insights into how EPCS regulate cER remodelling, and discuss the proposed roles for plant EPCS components in the integration of environmental and developmental signals at the cER-PM interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle M Bayer
- Laboratory of Membrane Biogenesis, UMR 5200 CNRS, University of Bordeaux, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Imogen Sparkes
- Biosciences, CLES, Exeter University, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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The Role of Mitochondria in the Activation/Maintenance of SOCE: Membrane Contact Sites as Signaling Hubs Sustaining Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:277-296. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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11
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Deciphering the molecular architecture of membrane contact sites by cryo-electron tomography. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1507-1512. [PMID: 28330771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
At membrane contact sites (MCS) two cellular membranes form tight appositions that play critical roles in fundamental phenomena such as lipid metabolism or Ca2+ homeostasis. The interest for these structures has surged in recent years, bringing about the characterization of a plethora of MCS-resident molecules. How those molecules are structurally organized at MCS remains enigmatic, limiting our understanding of MCS function. Whereas such molecular detail is obscured by conventional electron microscopy sample preparation, cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) allows high resolution imaging of cellular landscapes in close-to-native conditions. Here we briefly review the fundamentals of cryo-ET and how recent developments in this technique are beginning to unveil the molecular architecture of MCS. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Contact Sites edited by Christian Ungermann and Benoit Kornmann.
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Zanetti MN, Bello OD, Wang J, Coleman J, Cai Y, Sindelar CV, Rothman JE, Krishnakumar SS. Ring-like oligomers of Synaptotagmins and related C2 domain proteins. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27434670 PMCID: PMC4977156 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that the C2AB portion of Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) could self-assemble into Ca(2+)-sensitive ring-like oligomers on membranes, which could potentially regulate neurotransmitter release. Here we report that analogous ring-like oligomers assemble from the C2AB domains of other Syt isoforms (Syt2, Syt7, Syt9) as well as related C2 domain containing protein, Doc2B and extended Synaptotagmins (E-Syts). Evidently, circular oligomerization is a general and conserved structural aspect of many C2 domain proteins, including Synaptotagmins. Further, using electron microscopy combined with targeted mutations, we show that under physiologically relevant conditions, both the Syt1 ring assembly and its rapid disruption by Ca(2+) involve the well-established functional surfaces on the C2B domain that are important for synaptic transmission. Our data suggests that ring formation may be triggered at an early step in synaptic vesicle docking and positions Syt1 to synchronize neurotransmitter release to Ca(2+) influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N Zanetti
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Oscar D Bello
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Jeff Coleman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Yiying Cai
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Charles V Sindelar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - James E Rothman
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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