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Dagar G, Gupta A, Shankar A, Chauhan R, Macha MA, Bhat AA, Das D, Goyal R, Bhoriwal S, Pandita RK, Prasad CP, Sarkar PS, Pandita TK, Singh M. The future of cancer treatment: combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1409300. [PMID: 39044839 PMCID: PMC11263218 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1409300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy (IT) are the powerful tools for cancer treatment which act through the stimulation of immune response, and evidence suggest that combinatorial actions of these therapies may augment each other's beneficial effect through complex synergistic mechanisms. These molecular strategies are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells by either directly or indirectly inducing DNA damage. However, when cells detect DNA damage, they activate a range of signalling pathways known as the DNA damage response (DDR) to repair. Strategies are being developed to interfere with the DDR pathways in cancer cells to ensure their damage-induced degeneration. The stability of a cell's genetic material is largely dependent on the efficacy of DNA repair and therefore, an in-depth understanding of DNA damages and repair mechanism(s) in cancer cells is important to develop a promising therapeutic strategies for ensuring the efficacy of damage-induced tumor cell death. In recent years, a wide range of small molecule drugs have been developed which are currently being employed to combat the DNA repair deficiencies associated with tumor cells. Sequential or concurrent use of these two modalities significantly enhances the anti-tumor response, however with a concurrent probability of increased incidence of symptomatic adverse effects. With advent of newer IT agents, and administration of higher doses of radiation per fraction, such effects are more difficult to predict owing to the paucity of randomized trial data. It is well established that anti cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), anti- Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1), anti-Programmed cell death one ligand 1 (PD-L1) can be safely administered with RT and many studies have demonstrated survival benefit with such combination for patients with metastatic malignancy. However, the biology of radioimmunotherapy (RT/IT) is still an open area where research need to be focused to determine optimum dosage specially the interaction of the RT/IT pathways to determine optimum dosing schedule. In the current article we have summarised the possible intracellular immunological events that might be triggered when RT and IT modalities are combined with the DDR antagonists and highlighted present clinical practices, outcome, and toxicity profile of this novel treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Shankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Pulwama, Jammu And Kashmir, India
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dayasagar Das
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Rajeev Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Harding Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Bhoriwal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Raj K. Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A and M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Partha S. Sarkar
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A and M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Cokelaere C, Dok R, Cortesi EE, Zhao P, Sablina A, Nuyts S, Derua R, Janssens V. TIPRL1 and its ATM-dependent phosphorylation promote radiotherapy resistance in head and neck cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:793-818. [PMID: 37971644 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TIPRL1 (target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulator-like 1) is a known interactor and inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP2A, PP4 and PP6 - all pleiotropic modulators of the DNA Damage Response (DDR). Here, we investigated the role of TIPRL1 in the radiotherapy (RT) response of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS TIPRL1 mRNA (cBioportal) and protein expression (immunohistochemistry) in HNSCC samples were linked with clinical patient data. TIPRL1-depleted HNSCC cells were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and effects on colony growth, micronuclei formation (microscopy), cell cycle (flow cytometry), DDR signaling (immunoblots) and proteome (mass spectrometry) following RT were assessed. Mass spectrometry was used for TIPRL1 phosphorylation and interactomics analysis in irradiated cells. RESULTS TIPRL1 expression was increased in tumor versus non-tumor tissue, with high tumoral TIPRL1 expression associating with lower locoregional control and decreased survival of RT-treated patients. TIPRL1 deletion in HNSCC cells resulted in increased RT sensitivity, a faster but prolonged cell cycle arrest, increased micronuclei formation and an altered proteome-wide DDR. Upon irradiation, ATM phosphorylates TIPRL1 at Ser265. A non-phospho Ser265Ala mutant could not rescue the increased radiosensitivity phenotype of TIPRL1-depleted cells. While binding to PP2A-like phosphatases was confirmed, DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), RAD51 recombinase and nucleosomal histones were identified as novel TIPRL1 interactors. Histone binding, although stimulated by RT, was adversely affected by TIPRL1 Ser265 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore a clinically relevant role for TIPRL1 and its ATM-dependent phosphorylation in RT resistance through modulation of the DDR, highlighting its potential as a new HNSCC predictive marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célie Cokelaere
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela E Cortesi
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peihua Zhao
- VIB Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Transformation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Sablina
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Transformation, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- SybioMA, Proteomics Core Facility, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Rajendra E, Grande D, Mason B, Di Marcantonio D, Armstrong L, Hewitt G, Elinati E, Galbiati A, Boulton SJ, Heald RA, Smith GCM, Robinson HMR. Quantitative, titratable and high-throughput reporter assays to measure DNA double strand break repair activity in cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1736-1752. [PMID: 38109306 PMCID: PMC10899754 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of DNA damage is essential for the maintenance of genome stability and cell viability. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) constitute a toxic class of DNA lesion and multiple cellular pathways exist to mediate their repair. Robust and titratable assays of cellular DSB repair (DSBR) are important to functionally interrogate the integrity and efficiency of these mechanisms in disease models as well as in response to genetic or pharmacological perturbations. Several variants of DSBR reporters are available, however these are often limited by throughput or restricted to specific cellular models. Here, we describe the generation and validation of a suite of extrachromosomal reporter assays that can efficiently measure the major DSBR pathways of homologous recombination (HR), classical nonhomologous end joining (cNHEJ), microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) and single strand annealing (SSA). We demonstrate that these assays can be adapted to a high-throughput screening format and that they are sensitive to pharmacological modulation, thus providing mechanistic and quantitative insights into compound potency, selectivity, and on-target specificity. We propose that these reporter assays can serve as tools to dissect the interplay of DSBR pathway networks in cells and will have broad implications for studies of DSBR mechanisms in basic research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeson Rajendra
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Diego Grande
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Bethany Mason
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | | | - Lucy Armstrong
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | | | - Elias Elinati
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | | | - Simon J Boulton
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Robert A Heald
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Graeme C M Smith
- Artios Pharma Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
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Mavroeidi D, Georganta A, Panagiotou E, Syrigos K, Souliotis VL. Targeting ATR Pathway in Solid Tumors: Evidence of Improving Therapeutic Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2767. [PMID: 38474014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) system is a complicated network of signaling pathways that detects and repairs DNA damage or induces apoptosis. Critical regulators of the DDR network include the DNA damage kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). The ATR pathway coordinates processes such as replication stress response, stabilization of replication forks, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. ATR inhibition disrupts these functions, causing a reduction of DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, replication fork collapse, inappropriate mitotic entry, and mitotic catastrophe. Recent data have shown that the inhibition of ATR can lead to synthetic lethality in ATM-deficient malignancies. In addition, ATR inhibition plays a significant role in the activation of the immune system by increasing the tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load as well as by triggering the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and subsequently inducing the cGAS-STING pathway and the type I IFN response. Taken together, we review stimulating data showing that ATR kinase inhibition can alter the DDR network, the immune system, and their interplay and, therefore, potentially provide a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy, using ATR inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with genotoxic drugs and/or immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Mavroeidi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Georganta
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Panagiotou
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis L Souliotis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece
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Tavares V, Marques IS, Melo IGD, Assis J, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Review of Ovarian Cancer Management in an Era of Advancements. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1845. [PMID: 38339123 PMCID: PMC10856127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the female genital malignancy with the highest lethality. Patients present a poor prognosis mainly due to the late clinical presentation allied with the common acquisition of chemoresistance and a high rate of tumour recurrence. Effective screening, accurate diagnosis, and personalised multidisciplinary treatments are crucial for improving patients' survival and quality of life. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe the current knowledge on the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of OC, highlighting the latest significant advancements and future directions. Traditionally, OC treatment involves the combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Although more therapeutical approaches have been developed, the lack of established predictive biomarkers to guide disease management has led to only marginal improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) while patients face an increasing level of toxicity. Fortunately, because of a better overall understanding of ovarian tumourigenesis and advancements in the disease's (epi)genetic and molecular profiling, a paradigm shift has emerged with the identification of new disease biomarkers and the proposal of targeted therapeutic approaches to postpone disease recurrence and decrease side effects, while increasing patients' survival. Despite this progress, several challenges in disease management, including disease heterogeneity and drug resistance, still need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tavares
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Soares Marques
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Guerra de Melo
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Assis
- Clinical Research Unit, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Deolinda Pereira
- Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Libalova H, Zavodna T, Margaryan H, Elzeinova F, Milcova A, Vrbova K, Barosova H, Cervena T, Topinka J, Rössner P. Differential DNA damage response and cell fate in human lung cells after exposure to genotoxic compounds. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 94:105710. [PMID: 37838151 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage can impair normal cellular functions and result in various pathophysiological processes including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We compared the genotoxic potential of diverse DNA damaging agents, and focused on their effects on the DNA damage response (DDR) and cell fate in human lung cells BEAS-2B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs; benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP)] induced DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage to DNA; anticancer drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) were less effective. DOX triggered the most robust p53 signaling indicating activation of DDR, followed by cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, induction of apoptosis and senescence, possibly due to the severe and irreparable DNA lesions. BrdU not only activated p53, but also increased the percentage of G1-phased cells and caused a massive accumulation of senescent cells. In contrast, regardless the activation of p53, both PAHs did not substantially affect the cell cycle distribution or senescence. Finally, a small fraction of cells accumulated only in the G2/M phase and exhibited increased cell death after the prolonged incubation with B[a]P. Overall, we characterized differential responses to diverse DNA damaging agents resulting in specific cell fate and highlighted the key role of DNA lesion type and the p53 signaling persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Libalova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Zavodna
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Margaryan
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Elzeinova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Milcova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Vrbova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Barosova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Cervena
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Rössner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the CAS, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Katoueezadeh M, Maleki P, Torabizadeh SA, Farsinejad A, Khalilabadi RM, Valandani HM, Nurain IO, Ashoub MH, Fatemi A. Combinatorial targeting of telomerase and DNA-PK induces synergistic apoptotic effects against Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:163. [PMID: 38252348 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the high demand for novel approaches for leukemia-targeted therapy, this study investigates the impact of DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 on the sensitivity of pre-B ALL cells to the telomerase inhibitor MST-312. METHODS The study involved NALM-6 cells treated with MST-312 and NU7441, assessing their viability and metabolic activity using trypan blue and MTT assays. The study also evaluated apoptosis, gene expression changes, and DNA damage using flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, and micronucleus assays. The binding energy of MST-312 in the active site of telomerase was calculated using molecular docking. RESULTS The study's findings revealed a synergistic decline in both cell viability and metabolic activity in NALM-6 cells when exposed to the combined treatment of MST-312 and NU7441, and this decrease occurred without any adverse effects on healthy PBMC cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment exhibited a significantly higher induction of apoptosis than treatment with MST-312 alone, as observed through flow cytometry assay. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that this enhanced apoptosis was associated with a notable downregulation of Bcl-2 expression and an upregulation of Bax gene expression. Moreover, the combination therapy decreased expression levels of hTERT and c-Myc genes. The micronucleus assay indicated that the combination treatment increased DNA damage in NALM-6 cells. Also, a good conformation between MST-312 and the active site of telomerase was revealed by docking data. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that simultaneous inhibition of telomerase and DNA-PK in pre-B ALL presents a novel targeted therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Katoueezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Farsinejad
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mirzaee Khalilabadi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hajar Mardani Valandani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ismaila Olanrewaju Nurain
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Hossein Ashoub
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fatemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
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Joris S, Denys H, Collignon J, Rasschaert M, T'Kint de Roodenbeke D, Duhoux FP, Canon JL, Tejpar S, Mebis J, Decoster L, Aftimos P, De Grève J. Efficacy of olaparib in advanced cancers with germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and ATM, a Belgian Precision tumor-agnostic phase II study. ESMO Open 2023; 8:102041. [PMID: 37852034 PMCID: PMC10774963 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Belgian Precision initiative aims to maximize the implementation of tumor-agnostic next-generation sequencing in patients with advanced cancer and enhance access to molecularly guided treatment options. Academic tumor-agnostic basket phase II studies are part of this initiative. The current investigator-driven trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of olaparib in advanced cancers with a (likely) pathogenic mutation (germline or somatic) in a gene that plays a role in homologous recombination (HR). PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label, multi-cohort, phase II study examines the efficacy of olaparib in patients with an HR gene mutation in their tumor and disease progression on standard of care. Patients with a somatic or germline mutation in the same gene define a cohort. For each cohort, a Simon minimax two-stage design was used. If a response was observed in the first 13 patients, 14 additional patients were included. Here, we report the results on four completed cohorts: patients with a BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 or ATM mutation. RESULTS The overall objective response rate across different tumor types was 11% in the BRCA1-mutated (n = 27) and 21% in the BRCA2-mutated (n = 27) cohorts. Partial responses were seen in pancreatic cancer, gallbladder cancer, endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas and parathyroid cancer. One patient with a BRCA2 germline-mutated colon cancer has an ongoing complete response with 19+ months on treatment. Median progression-free survival in responding patients was 14+ months (5-34+ months). The clinical benefit rate was 63% in the BRCA1-mutated and 46% in the BRCA2-mutated cohorts. No clinical activity was observed in the ATM (n = 13) and CHEK2 (n = 14) cohorts. CONCLUSION Olaparib showed efficacy in different cancer types harboring somatic or germline mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes but not in ATM and CHEK2. Patients with any cancer type harboring BRCA1/2 mutations should have access to olaparib.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joris
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels.
| | - H Denys
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent
| | | | | | | | - F P Duhoux
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels
| | | | | | | | - L Decoster
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels
| | - P Aftimos
- Institut Jules Bordet-Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels
| | - J De Grève
- Department of Medical Oncology, UZ Brussel, Brussels; Department of Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Vanderlinden A, Jones CG, Myers KN, Rominiyi O, Collis SJ. DNA damage response inhibitors enhance tumour treating fields (TTFields) potency in glioma stem-like cells. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1829-1840. [PMID: 37777579 PMCID: PMC10667536 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas are primary brain cancers with unacceptably low and persistent survival rates of 10-16 months for WHO grade 4 gliomas over the last 40 years, despite surgical resection and DNA-damaging chemo-radiotherapy. More recently, tumour-treating fields therapy (TTFields) has demonstrated modest survival benefit and been clinically approved in several countries. TTFields is thought to mediate anti-cancer activity by primarily disrupting mitosis. However, recent data suggest that TTFields may also attenuate DNA damage repair and replication fork dynamics, providing a potential platform for therapeutic combinations incorporating standard-of-care treatments and targeted DNA damage response inhibitors (DDRi). METHODS We have used patient-derived, typically resistant, glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) in combination with the previously validated preclinical Inovitro™ TTFields system together with a number of therapeutic DDRi. RESULTS We show that TTFields robustly activates PARP- and ATR-mediated DNA repair (including PARylation and CHK1 phosphorylation, respectively), whilst combining TTFields with PARP1 or ATR inhibitor treatment leads to significantly reduced clonogenic survival. The potency of each of these strategies is further enhanced by radiation treatment, leading to increased amounts of DNA damage with profound delay in DNA damage resolution. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our findings represent the first report of TTFields applied with clinically approved or in-trial DDRi in GSC models and provides a basis for translational studies toward multimodal DDRi/TTFields-based therapeutic strategies for patients with these currently incurable tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Vanderlinden
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Callum G Jones
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Katie N Myers
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Ola Rominiyi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Spencer J Collis
- Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, School of Medicine and Population Health, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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10
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Bugoye FC, Torrorey-Sawe R, Biegon R, Dharsee N, Mafumiko FMS, Patel K, Mining SK. Mutational spectrum of DNA damage and mismatch repair genes in prostate cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1231536. [PMID: 37732318 PMCID: PMC10507418 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1231536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, a number of studies have revealed that a significant number of men with prostate cancer had genetic defects in the DNA damage repair gene response and mismatch repair genes. Certain of these modifications, notably gene alterations known as homologous recombination (HRR) genes; PALB2, CHEK2 BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and genes for DNA mismatch repair (MMR); MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 are connected to a higher risk of prostate cancer and more severe types of the disease. The DNA damage repair (DDR) is essential for constructing and diversifying the antigen receptor genes required for T and B cell development. But this DDR imbalance results in stress on DNA replication and transcription, accumulation of mutations, and even cell death, which compromises tissue homeostasis. Due to these impacts of DDR anomalies, tumor immunity may be impacted, which may encourage the growth of tumors, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant immune reactions. In a similar vein, people who have altered MMR gene may benefit greatly from immunotherapy. Therefore, for these treatments, mutational genetic testing is indicated. Mismatch repair gene (MMR) defects are also more prevalent than previously thought, especially in patients with metastatic disease, high Gleason scores, and diverse histologies. This review summarizes the current information on the mutation spectrum and clinical significance of DDR mechanisms, such as HRR and MMR abnormalities in prostate cancer, and explains how patient management is evolving as a result of this understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelis Charles Bugoye
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Rispah Torrorey-Sawe
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Richard Biegon
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Fidelice M. S. Mafumiko
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Simeon K. Mining
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
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11
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Huang L, Long Q, Su Q, Zhu X, Long X. Aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts modify the effects of post-operative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization improving hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:780-792. [PMID: 37711588 PMCID: PMC10497403 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim DNA damage involves in the carcinogenesis of some cancer and may act as a target for therapeutic intervention of cancers. However, it is unclear whether aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adducts (ADAs), an important kind of DNA damage caused by AFB1, affect the efficiency of post-operative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (po-TACE) treatment improving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival. Methods A hospital-based retrospective study, including 318 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-C stage HCC from high AFB1 exposure areas, to investigate the potential effects of ADAs in the tissues with HCC on po-TACE treatment. The amount of ADAs in the cancerous tissues was tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Results Among these patients with HCC, the average amount of ADAs was 3.00 µmol/mol ± 1.51 µmol/mol DNA in their tissues with cancer. For these patients, increasing amount of ADAs was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and tumor reoccurrence-free survival (RFS), with corresponding death risk (DR) of 3.69 (2.78-4.91) and tumor recurrence risk (TRR) of 2.95 (2.24-3.88). The po-TACE therapy can efficiently improve their prognosis [DR = 0.59 (0.46-0.76), TRR = 0.63 (0.49-0.82)]. Interestingly, this improving role was more noticeable among these patients with high ADAs [DR = 0.36 (0.24-0.53), TRR = 0.40 (0.28-0.59)], but not among those with low ADAs (P > 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that increasing ADAs in the cancerous tissues may be beneficial for po-TACE in ameliorating the survival of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Departement of Pathology, Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qinqin Long
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qunying Su
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xidai Long
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Ye T, Lin A, Qiu Z, Hu S, Zhou C, Liu Z, Cheng Q, Zhang J, Luo P. Microsatellite instability states serve as predictive biomarkers for tumors chemotherapy sensitivity. iScience 2023; 26:107045. [PMID: 37448561 PMCID: PMC10336167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for markers to predict the efficacy of different chemotherapy drugs. Herein, we examined whether microsatellite instability (MSI) status can predict tumor multidrug sensitivity and explored the underlying mechanisms. We downloaded data from several public databases. Drug sensitivity was compared between the high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and microsatellite-stable/low microsatellite instability (MSS/MSI-L) groups. In addition, we performed pathway enrichment analysis and cellular chemosensitivity assays to explore the mechanisms by which MSI status may affect drug sensitivity and assessed the differences between drug-treated and control cell lines. We found that multiple MSI-H tumors were more sensitive to a variety of chemotherapy drugs than MSS/MSI-L tumors, and especially for CRC, chemosensitivity is enhanced through the downregulation of DDR pathways such as NHEJ. Additional DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs results in further downregulation of DDR pathways and enhances drug sensitivity, forming a cycle of increasing drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojun Ye
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengang Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shulu Hu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Oetting A, Christiansen S, Gatzemeier F, Köcher S, Bußmann L, Böttcher A, Stölzel K, Hoffmann AS, Struve N, Kriegs M, Petersen C, Betz C, Rothkamm K, Zech HB, Rieckmann T. Impaired DNA double-strand break repair and effective radiosensitization of HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines through combined inhibition of PARP and Wee1. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2023; 41:100630. [PMID: 37180052 PMCID: PMC10172863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2023.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), tumors negative for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) remain a difficult to treat entity and the morbidity of current multimodal treatment is high. Radiotherapy in combination with molecular targeting could represent suitable, less toxic treatment options especially for cisplatin ineligible patients. Therefore, we tested dual targeting of PARP and the intra-S/G2 checkpoint through Wee1 inhibition for its radiosensitizing capacity in radioresistant HPV-negative HNSCC cells. Materials and methods Three radioresistant HPV-negative cell lines (HSC4, SAS, UT-SCC-60a) were treated with olaparib, adavosertib and ionizing irradiation. The impact on cell cycle, G2 arrest and replication stress was assessed through flow cytometry after DAPI, phospho-histone H3 and γH2AX staining. Long term cell survival after treatment was determined through colony formation assay and DNA double-strand break (DSB) levels were assessed through quantification of nuclear 53BP1 foci in cell lines and patient-derived HPV± tumor slice cultures. Results Wee1 and dual targeting induced replication stress but failed to effectively inhibit radiation-induced G2 cell cycle arrest. Single as well as combined inhibition increased radiation sensitivity and residual DSB levels, with the largest effects induced through dual targeting. Dual targeting also enhanced residual DSB levels in patient-derived slice cultures from HPV-negative but not HPV+ HNSCC (5/7 vs. 1/6). Conclusion We conclude that the combined inhibition of PARP and Wee1 results in enhanced residual DNA damage levels after irradiation and effectively sensitizes radioresistant HPV-negative HNSCC cells. Ex vivo tumor slice cultures may predict the response of individual patients with HPV-negative HNSCC to this dual targeting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Oetting
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Christiansen
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Gatzemeier
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Köcher
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Lara Bußmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Arne Böttcher
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Stölzel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Anna Sophie Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christian Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Henrike Barbara Zech
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Rieckmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
- Corresponding author at: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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