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Saedi S, Panahi R, Orak N, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR. Comparative Meta-analysis of Adipose Tissue Transcriptomics Data in PCOS Patients and Healthy Control Women. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1823-1833. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nickel S, Christ B. Greasy hair against obesity. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:429. [PMID: 34921132 PMCID: PMC8683467 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Nickel
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Jena University Hospital, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Bruno Christ
- Cell Transplantation/Molecular Hepatology Lab, Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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Ma L, Zhen J, Sorisky A. Regulators of thymic stromal lymphopoietin production by human adipocytes. Cytokine 2020; 136:155284. [PMID: 32950025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine that is known to play a role in inflammatory conditions, especially asthma and atopic dermatitis. It is also recognized to be expressed in human adipose tissue. TSLP production from human adipocytes is stimulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This study aimed to identify TSH-dependent signaling routes that regulate TSLP, to determine if TSLP production is stimulated by other cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), and to examine if TSLP production depends on the adipose depot. Human abdominal differentiated adipocytes were stimulated with TSH, IL-1β, or TNF-α. Activation of cell signaling kinases was measured by phospho-immunoblot analysis, and TSLP in medium was assessed by ELISA. TSLP responses from abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipocytes were compared. TSH-stimulated TSLP secretion from subcutaneous adipocytes was enhanced by IBMX (raises cAMP levels) and was blocked by UO126 (inhibitor of MEK1/2-ERK1/2). TSLP secretion was stimulated by IL-1β and by TNF-α. SC-514 (inhibitor of IKKβ/NF-κB) only reduced the former. There was no effect of SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) or SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) on the stimulation by TSH, IL-1β or TNF-α. Interferon-γ inhibited TSLP responses to TSH, IL-1β, and TNF-α; IL-4 only blocked the response to TNFα. Intra-abdominal omental adipocytes also release TSLP in response to TSH, IL-1β, and TNF-α. We conclude TSLP is produced by human differentiated adipocytes derived from subcutaneous or omental depots in response to a variety of agonists. Further studies will be needed to understand what role it may play in adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Ma
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jamie Zhen
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Alexander Sorisky
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.
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Chudakov DB, Ryasantsev DY, Tsaregorotseva DS, Kotsareva OD, Fattakhova GV, Svirshchevskaya EV. Tertiary lymphoid structure related B-cell IgE isotype switching and secondary lymphoid organ linked IgE production in mouse allergy model. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:45. [PMID: 32767965 PMCID: PMC7412793 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous data obtained by different research laboratories indicate that specific IgE production is triggered independently of specific IgG or IgA ones and so it is not linked to fully matured germinal centers formation in the secondary lymphoid organs. The aim of this study was to clarify whether specific IgE production is triggered by low antigen doses administrated in tertiary tissues enriched by lymphoid structures. Methods Ovalbumin (OVA) in different doses (100 ng to 10 μg) was administrated three times a week for 4–5 weeks intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to female BALB/c mice in the wither region which is enriched in fat-associated lymphoid clusters or in the foot pad region not containing them. Results OVA-specific IgE was predominantly induced by low but not high antigen doses and only after immunization into the withers. IgE isotype switching was triggered exclusively in the withers adipose tissue but not in the regional lymph nodes while mature IgE expressing cells were observed both in the withers and lymph nodes. Anti-proliferative genotoxic stress inducing drugs shifted the balance from IgG1 towards IgE production. Conclusions Tertiary lymphoid structures possess unique environment where B-cell antibody isotype switching to IgE predominantly occurs. This phenomenon is partially explained by hampered proliferation of B-cells in these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Borisovich Chudakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitrii Yuryevich Ryasantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga Dmitrievna Kotsareva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulnar Vaisovna Fattakhova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of RAS, 117997, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, Russia
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Wang X, Fu J, Gu Y, Chi VTQ, Zhang Q, Liu L, Meng G, Yao Z, Wu H, Bao X, Zhang S, Liu M, Wang Y, Lu Z, Wang L, Zheng L, Wang X, Tian C, Sun S, Zhou M, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Relationship between serum levels of immunoglobulins and metabolic syndrome in an adult population: A population study from the TCLSIH cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:916-922. [PMID: 31377185 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and inflammation is considered as a pathological basis for MetS. Immunoglobulins (Igs) are the major secretory products of the adaptive immune system. However, no large-scale population study has focused on a possible relationship between Igs and MetS. We designed a cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between Igs and prevalence of MetS in a large-scale adult population. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 10,289 participants were recruited among residents in Tianjin, China. Metabolic syndrome was defined in accordance with the criteria of the American Heart Association scientific statements of 2009. Serum levels of Igs were determined by immunonephelometry. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the quintiles of serum levels of Igs and the prevalence of MetS. The overall prevalence of MetS was 36.1%. The mean (standard deviation) values of Igs (IgG, IgE, IgM, and IgA) were 1205.7 (249.3) mg/dL, 93.1 (238.9) IU/mL, 105.7 (57.3) mg/dL, and 236.2 (97.6) mg/dL, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of MetS for the highest quintile of Igs (IgG, IgE, IgM, and IgA), when compared to the lowest quintile, were 0.81 (0.70, 0.95), 0.97 (0.83, 1.12), 1.13 (0.97, 1.33), and 1.52 (1.30, 1.77), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that decreased IgG and increased IgA are independently related to a higher prevalence of MetS. The results indicate that the Igs might be useful predictive factors for MetS in the general adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingzhu Fu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Vu Thi Q Chi
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanxin Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuolin Lu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixiao Zheng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunling Tian
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, China.
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6
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Varricchi G, Pecoraro A, Marone G, Criscuolo G, Spadaro G, Genovese A, Marone G. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Isoforms, Inflammatory Disorders, and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30057581 PMCID: PMC6053489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a pleiotropic cytokine originally isolated from a murine thymic stromal cell line. TSLP exerts its biological effects by binding to a high-affinity heteromeric complex composed of thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor chain and IL-7Rα. TSLP is primarily expressed by activated lung and intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. However, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells, and presumably other immune cells can also produce TSLP. Different groups of investigators have demonstrated the existence of two variants for TSLP in human tissues: the main isoform expressed in steady state is the short form (sf TSLP), which plays a homeostatic role, whereas the long form (lfTSLP) is upregulated in inflammatory conditions. In addition, there is evidence that in pathological conditions, TSLP can be cleaved by several endogenous proteases. Several cellular targets for TSLP have been identified, including immune (DCs, ILC2, T and B cells, NKT and Treg cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, mast cells, and macrophages) and non-immune cells (platelets and sensory neurons). TSLP has been originally implicated in a variety of allergic diseases (e.g., atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis). Emerging evidence indicates that TSLP is also involved in chronic inflammatory (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and celiac disease) and autoimmune (e.g., psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis) disorders and several cancers. These emerging observations greatly widen the role of TSLP in different human diseases. Most of these studies have not used tools to analyze the expression of the two TSLP isoforms. The broad pathophysiologic profile of TSLP has motivated therapeutic targeting of this cytokine. Tezepelumab is a first-in-class human monoclonal antibody (1) that binds to TSLP inhibiting its interaction with TSLP receptor complex. Tezepelumab given as an add-on-therapy to patients with severe uncontrolled asthma has shown safety and efficacy. Several clinical trials are evaluating the safety and the efficacy of tezepelumab in different inflammatory disorders. Monoclonal antibodies used to neutralize TSLP should not interact or hamper the homeostatic effects of sf TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pecoraro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - Gjada Criscuolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “Gaetano Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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7
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Yang D, Yang W, Tian Z, van Velkinburgh JC, Song J, Wu Y, Ni B. Innate lymphoid cells as novel regulators of obesity and its-associated metabolic dysfunction. Obes Rev 2016; 17:485-98. [PMID: 26948388 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of obesity worldwide has been accompanied by increases in risk and rates of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions, such as insulin resistance. The chronic, low-grade inflammatory condition of obesity highlights the pathophysiological link between the immune system and the metabolic system, which has yet to be fully understood. Recent studies of obesity have started to uncover potential regulatory roles for the innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which under normal conditions serve to regulate development of lymphoid tissue and function of the mucosal immune system. The ILCs are a newly identified immune cell population with complicated composition and subsequently diverse and dynamic functions. Studies to determine the distribution profile of the various ILCs in adipose tissue provide intriguing clues as to their regulatory capacity in obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunctions. Here, we review the recent findings supporting a role for ILCs as regulators of obesity or its associated insulin resistance, and discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanism as well as its promise as a therapeutic target for clinical applications. © 2016 World Obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W Yang
- Department of Dermatology, 181st Hospital of PLA, Guilin, China
| | - Z Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J C van Velkinburgh
- van Velkinburgh Initiative for Collaboratory BioMedical Research, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - J Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Y Wu
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Ni
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cautivo KM, Molofsky AB. Regulation of metabolic health and adipose tissue function by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1315-25. [PMID: 27120716 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is home to an abundance of immune cells. With chronic obesity, inflammatory immune cells accumulate and promote insulin resistance and the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, recent studies have highlighted the regulation and function of immune cells in lean, healthy AT, including those associated with type 2 or "allergic" immunity. Although traditionally activated by infection with multicellular helminthes, AT type 2 immunity is active independently of infection, and promotes tissue homeostasis, AT "browning," and systemic insulin sensitivity, protecting against obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are integral regulators of AT type 2 immunity, producing the cytokines interleukin-5 and IL-13, promoting eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages, and cooperating with and promoting AT regulatory T (Treg) cells. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in our understanding of group 2 innate lymphoid cell cells and type 2 immunity in AT metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yu K, Dong Q, Mao X, Meng K, Zhao X, Ji Q, Wu B, Zhong Y, Zhu Z, Liu Y, Zhang W, Tony H, Shi H, Zeng Q. Disruption of the TSLP-TSLPR-LAP signaling between epithelial and dendritic cells through hyperlipidemia contributes to regulatory T-Cell defects in atherosclerotic mice. Atherosclerosis 2014; 238:278-88. [PMID: 25544178 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T-Cells (Tregs) play a protective role against the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)/thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) signaling in myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) promote Treg differentiation. Here, we examined the potential role of TSLP/TSLPR on Treg homeostasis in atherosclerosis. The frequencies of both latency-associated peptide (LAP)(+) and Foxp3(+) Tregs were reduced in the thymus and spleen of ApoE(-/-) mice compared with C57BL/6 mice, and this effect was associated with decreased thymic output. The tolerogenic function of DCs obtained from ApoE(-/-) mice was compromised compared with those from C57BL/6 mice. The expression of TSLP and TSLPR was also inhibited in ApoE(-/-) mice. In addition, we found that ox-LDL attenuated TSLP expression in cultured thymic epithelial cells (TECs) through the activation of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRA) and IL-1β and decreased LAP and PD-L1 expression in oxLDL-activated DCs while both were up-regulated in TSLP-activated DCs. We also observed that the TSLP-DCs mediated differentiation of Tregs was abrogated through LAP neutralization. Furthermore, TSLP injection rescued Treg defects in ApoE(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that Treg defects in ApoE(-/-) mice might partially be attributed to the disruption of TSLP-TSLPR-LAP signaling in epithelial cells (ECs) and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwu Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Meng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Bangwei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucheng Zhong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hasahya Tony
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huairui Shi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Yu K, Zhu P, Dong Q, Zhong Y, Zhu Z, Lin Y, Huang Y, Meng K, Ji Q, Yi G, Zhang W, Wu B, Mao Y, Cheng P, Zhao X, Mao X, Zeng Q. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000391. [PMID: 23985377 PMCID: PMC3835250 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine with multiple effects on the body. For one thing, TSLP induces Th2 immunoreaction and facilitates allergic reaction; for another, it promotes the differentiation of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (nTregs) and maintains immune tolerance. However, the exact role of TSLP in atherosclerosis remains unknown. Methods and Results In vitro, we examined the phenotype of TSLP‐conditioned bone marrow dendritic cells (TSLP‐DCs) of apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice and their capacity to induce the differentiation of Tregs. Our results indicated that TSLP‐DCs obtained the characteristics of tolerogenic dendritic cells and increased a generation of CD4+ latency‐associated peptide (LAP)+ Tregs and nTregs when cocultured with naive T cells. In addition, the functional relevance of TSLP and TSLP‐DCs in the development of atherosclerosis was also determined. Interestingly, we found that TSLP was almost absent in cardiovascular tissue of ApoE−/− mice, and TSLP administration increased the levels of antioxidized low‐density lipoprotein IgM and IgG1, but decreased the levels of IgG2a in plasma. Furthermore, mice treated with TSLP and TSLP‐DCs developed significantly fewer (32.6% and 28.2%, respectively) atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root compared with controls, along with increased numbers of CD4+LAP+ Tregs and nTregs in the spleen and decreased inflammation in the aorta, which could be abrogated by anti‐TGF‐β antibody. Conclusions Our results revealed a protective role for TSLP in atherosclerosis that is possibly mediated by reestablishing a tolerogenic immune response, which may represent a novel possibility for treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwu Yu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Molofsky AB, Nussbaum JC, Liang HE, Van Dyken SJ, Cheng LE, Mohapatra A, Chawla A, Locksley RM. Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:535-49. [PMID: 23420878 PMCID: PMC3600903 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) have been implicated in metabolic homeostasis and the maintenance of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). The absence of eosinophils can lead to adiposity and systemic insulin resistance in experimental animals, but what maintains eosinophils in adipose tissue is unknown. We show that interleukin-5 (IL-5) deficiency profoundly impairs VAT eosinophil accumulation and results in increased adiposity and insulin resistance when animals are placed on a high-fat diet. Innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) are resident in VAT and are the major source of IL-5 and IL-13, which promote the accumulation of eosinophils and AAM. Deletion of ILC2s causes significant reductions in VAT eosinophils and AAMs, and also impairs the expansion of VAT eosinophils after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, an intestinal parasite associated with increased adipose ILC2 cytokine production and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Further, IL-33, a cytokine previously shown to promote cytokine production by ILC2s, leads to rapid ILC2-dependent increases in VAT eosinophils and AAMs. Thus, ILC2s are resident in VAT and promote eosinophils and AAM implicated in metabolic homeostasis, and this axis is enhanced during Th2-associated immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
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