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Huang Y, Wang Q, Liu X, Du W, Hao Z, Wang Y. Transcriptional Signatures of a Dynamic Epilepsy Process Reveal Potential Immune Regulation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3384-3396. [PMID: 37989981 PMCID: PMC11087345 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a progression of development and advancement over time. However, the molecular features of epilepsy were poorly studied from a dynamic developmental perspective. We intend to investigate the key mechanisms in the process of epilepsy by exploring the roles of stage-specifically expressed genes. By using time-course transcriptomic data of epileptic samples, we first analyzed the molecular features of epilepsy in different stages and divided it into progression and remission stages based on their transcriptomic features. 34 stage-specifically expressed genes were then identified by the Tau index and verified in other epileptic datasets. These genes were then enriched for immune-related biological functions. Furthermore, we found that the level of immune infiltration and mechanisms at different stages were different, which may result from different types of immune cells playing leading roles in distinct stages. Our findings indicated an essential role of immune regulation as the potential mechanism of epilepsy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanruo Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Hao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Chen F, Lu K, Bai N, Hao Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Yue F. Oral administration of ellagic acid mitigates perioperative neurocognitive disorders, hippocampal oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in aged mice by restoring IGF-1 signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2509. [PMID: 38291199 PMCID: PMC10827749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of ellagic acid (EA), a phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in managing perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). PND, which represents a spectrum of cognitive impairments often faced by elderly patients, is principally linked to surgical and anesthesia procedures, and heavily impacted by oxidative stress in the hippocampus and microglia-induced neuroinflammation. Employing an aged mice model subjected to abdominal surgery, we delve into EA's ability to counteract postoperative oxidative stress and cerebral inflammation by engaging the Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway. Our findings revealed that administering EA orally notably alleviated post-surgical cognitive decline in older mice, a fact that was manifested in improved performance during maze tests. This enhancement in the behavioral performance of the EA-treated mice corresponded with the rejuvenation of IGF-1 signaling, a decrease in oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus (like MDA and carbonylated protein), and an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT. Alongside these, we observed a decrease in microglia-driven neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, thus underscoring the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of EA. Interestingly, when EA was given in conjunction with an IGF1R inhibitor, these benefits were annulled, accentuating the pivotal role that the IGF-1 pathway plays in the neuroprotective potential of EA. Hence, EA could serve as a potent candidate for safeguarding against PND in older patients by curbing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through the activation of the IGF-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabo Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang S, He X, Bao N, Chen M, Ding X, Zhang M, Zhao L, Wang S, Jiang G. Potentials of miR-9-5p in promoting epileptic seizure and improving survival of glioma patients. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-022-00097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy affects over 70 million people worldwide; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have essential functions in epilepsy. miRNA-9, a brain-specific/enriched miRNA, plays a role in various nervous system diseases and tumors, but whether miRNA-9 is involved in epilepsy and glioma-associated epilepsy remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the potential role of miR-9-5p in seizures and its effect on the survival of glioma patients, in order to provide new targets for the treatment of epilepsy and glioma.
Methods
The YM500v2 database was used to validate the expression of hsa-miR-9-5p in tissues. Moreover, qRT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression of miR-9-5p in temporal lobe epilepsy patients and rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures. Recombinant adeno-associated virus containing miR-9-5p was constructed to overexpress miR-9-5p in vivo. The effects of miR-9-5p on the behavior and electroencephalographic activities of the lithium-pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy were tested. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the targets of miR-9-5p and explore its potential role in epilepsy and glioma-associated epilepsy.
Results
The expression of miR-9-5p increased at 6 h and 7 days after lithium-pilocarpine-induced seizures in rats. Overexpression of miR-9-5p significantly shortened the latency of seizures and increased seizure intensity at 10 min and 20 min after administration of pilocarpine (P < 0.05). Predicted targets of miR-9-5p were abundant and enriched in the brain, and affected various pathways related to epilepsy and tumor. Survival analysis revealed that overexpression of miR-9-5p significantly improved the survival of patients from with low-grade gliomas and glioblastomas. The involvement of miR-9-5p in the glioma-associated epileptic seizures and the improvement of glioma survival may be related to multiple pathways, including the Rho GTPases and hub genes included SH3PXD2B, ARF6, and ANK2.
Conclusions
miR-9-5p may play a key role in promoting epileptic seizures and improving glioma survival, probably through multiple pathways, including GTPases of the Rho family and hub genes including SH3PXD2B, ARF6 and ANK2. Understanding the roles of miR-9-5p in epilepsy and glioma and the underlying mechanisms may provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy and glioma.
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Wu L, Qin Y, Yuan H, Zhu Y, Hu A. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced mouse model of chronic epilepsy. Brain Res 2022; 1785:147881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Martins-Ferreira R, Leal B, Chaves J, Li T, Ciudad L, Rangel R, Santos A, Martins da Silva A, Pinho Costa P, Ballestar E. Epilepsy progression is associated with cumulative DNA methylation changes in inflammatory genes. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 209:102207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen S, Xu D, Fan L, Fang Z, Wang X, Li M. Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) in Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:797253. [PMID: 35069111 PMCID: PMC8780133 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.797253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures. The mechanism of epilepsy remains unclear and previous studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play an important role in abnormal discharges, nerve conduction, neuron injury and inflammation, thereby they may participate in epileptogenesis. NMDARs belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play essential roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian CNS. Despite numerous studies focusing on the role of NMDAR in epilepsy, the relationship appeared to be elusive. In this article, we reviewed the regulation of NMDAR and possible mechanisms of NMDAR in epilepsy and in respect of onset, development, and treatment, trying to provide more evidence for future studies.
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Yousfan A, Rubio N, Al-Ali M, Nattouf AH, Kafa H. Intranasal delivery of phenytoin-loaded nanoparticles to the brain suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced generalized tonic clonic seizures in an epilepsy mouse model. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7547-7564. [PMID: 34652351 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we describe the preparation and characterization of lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles (L10Ci+), and investigate their ability to deliver the anti-epileptic drug phenytoin (PHT) to mouse brain following intranasal (IN) administration. L10Ci+ were retained in the nasal cavity compared to PHT in PEG200 solution (PHT/PEG), which suffered immediate nasal drainage. PHT was detected in the brain after 5 min of IN administration reaching a maximum of 11.84 ± 2.31 %ID g-1 after 48 hours. L10Ci+ were associated with a higher brain/plasma ratio (Cb/p) compared to the experimental control comprising free PHT injected via the intraperitoneal route (PHT-IP) across all tested time points. Additionally, L10Ci+ led to lower PHT accumulation in the liver and spleen compared to PHT-IP, which is vital for lowering the systemic side effects of PHT. The relatively high drug targeting efficiency (DTE%) of 315.46% and the drug targeting percentage (DTP%) of 68.29%, combined with the increasing anterior-to-posterior gradient of PHT in the brain confirmed the direct nose-to-brain transport of PHT from L10Ci+. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was used to monitor seizure progression. L10Ci+ resulted in a complete seizure suppression after 4 hours of administration, and this inhibition persisted even with an 8-fold reduction of the encapsulated dose compared to the required PHT-IP dose to achieve a similar inhibitory effect due to systemic loss. The presented findings confirm the possibility of using L10Ci+ as a non-invasive delivery system of PHT for the management of epilepsy using reduced doses of PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Yousfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mohammad Al-Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Abdul Hakim Nattouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Houmam Kafa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria.
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Jiang G, Wang S, Chen M, Ding X, He W, Wang L, Wang S, Yu J, Wang X. Linsitinib (OSI-906) modulates brain energy metabolism and seizure activity in the lithium-pilocarpine rat model. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-021-00054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epileptic seizure is a process of energy accumulation, bursting, and depletion accompanied by the production, spread, and termination of epileptic discharges. The energy required for a seizure is mainly provided through mitochondrial production of ATP. Mitochondrial diseases often lead to epileptic seizures, and energy depletion caused by seizures can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. The energy metabolism has become a key target for treatment of epileptic diseases.
Method
The effect of OSI-906, an insulin receptor (IR)/ insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor, on behaviors and electroencephalographic activity in the lithium-pilocarpine rats were tested. 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) was performed to detect the relative whole-brain glucose uptake values. Electron microscopy was performed to observe the ultrastructure of neuronal and mitochondrial damage. The changes in blood glucose at different time points before and after the intervention were tested and the effects of OSI-906 on IR/IGF-1R and downstream Akt signaling in the context of seizures were evaluated.
Results
The OSI-906 treatment applied 3 days before the pilocarpine-induced seizures significantly reduced the seizure severity, prolonged the seizure latency and decreased the EEG energy density. MicroPET/CT revealed that 50 mg/kg of OSI-906 inhibited the 18F-FDG glucose uptake after epileptic seizures, suggesting that OSI-906, through inhibiting IR/IGF-1R and the downstream AKT signaling, may regulate the excessive energy consumption of the epileptic brain. The OSI-906 treatment also reduced the mitochondrial damage caused by epileptic seizures.
Conclusion
The IR/IGF-1R inhibitor OSI-906 can significantly reduce the sensitivity and severity of pilocarpine-induced seizures by inhibiting the IR/IGF-1R and the downstream Akt signaling pathway.
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Shao L, Jiang GT, Yang XL, Zeng ML, Cheng JJ, Kong S, Dong X, Chen TX, Han S, Yin J, Liu WH, He XH, He C, Peng BW. Silencing of circIgf1r plays a protective role in neuronal injury via regulating astrocyte polarization during epilepsy. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21330. [PMID: 33417289 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001737rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common brain disorder, repeated seizures of epilepsy may lead to a series of brain pathological changes such as neuronal or glial damage. However, whether circular RNAs are involved in neuronal injury during epilepsy is not fully understood. Here, we screened circIgf1r in the status epilepticus model through circRNA sequencing, and found that it was upregulated after the status epilepticus model through QPCR analysis. Astrocytes polarizing toward neurotoxic A1 phenotype and neurons loss were observed after status epilepticus. Through injecting circIgf1r siRNA into the lateral ventricle, it was found that knocking down circIgf1r in vivo would induce the polarization of astrocytes to phenotype A2 and reduce neuronal loss. The results in vitro further confirmed that inhibiting the expression of circIgf1r in astrocytes could protect neurons by converting reactive astrocytes from A1 to the protective A2. In addition, knocking down circIgf1r in astrocytes could functionally promote astrocyte autophagy and relieve the destruction of 4-AP-induced autophagy flux. In terms of mechanism, circIgf1r promoted the polarization of astrocytes to phenotype A1 by inhibiting autophagy. Taken together, our results reveal circIgf1r may serve as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of neuron damage after epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shao
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Tong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Liang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng-Liu Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Kong
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao-Xiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Hong Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunjiang He
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yang J, Feng G, Chen M, Wang S, Tang F, Zhou J, Bao N, Yu J, Jiang G. Glucosamine promotes seizure activity via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in epileptic rats. Epilepsy Res 2021; 175:106679. [PMID: 34166966 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glucosamine is an amino monosaccharide with a small molecular weight and has a protective effect against various neurological diseases including multiple sclerosis and encephalomyelitis. Interestingly, low-dose glucosamine has exhibited anti-epilepsy activity. Recent studies have shown that the activation of the protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway may promote epilepsy. Glucosamine can increase the level of Akt phosphorylation in the brain tissue, which may aggravate epilepsy. Hence, we speculate that a higher dose of glucosamine may aggravate epilepsy via AKT signaling. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of glucosamine on the behavior and electrophysiology of epileptic rats through PI3K/Akt pathway. METHODS Glucose (2.0 g/kg) and glucosamine (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg) were added to 2 mL of drinking water, respectively. An acute seizure rat model of lithium-pilocarpine and PTZ-kindling were constructed to observe the effects of different doses of glucosamine on epileptic behavior and hippocampal electrical activity. Meanwhile, the changes in Akt were detected by western blot. RESULTS Epileptic seizures were induced by a single dose of pilocarpine or PTZ and 2.0 g/kg of glucosamine significantly prolonged the duration and severity of epileptic seizures, enhanced hippocampal electrical activity energy density, and increased phosphorylated AKT levels. A glucosamine dose of 2.0 g/kg also significantly increased the total onset energy density. Furthermore, 2.0 g/kg glucosamine facilitated the development of the chronic PTZ-kindling process. CONCLUSIONS Glucosamine may exacerbate acute and chronic epileptic seizures via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats with experimental epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guibo Feng
- Department of General Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Mingyue Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Nana Bao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Juming Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong, 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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Littlejohn EL, DeSana AJ, Williams HC, Chapman RT, Joseph B, Juras JA, Saatman KE. IGF1-Stimulated Posttraumatic Hippocampal Remodeling Is Not Dependent on mTOR. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663456. [PMID: 34095131 PMCID: PMC8174097 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is stimulated acutely following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, many hippocampal neurons born after injury develop abnormally and the number that survive long-term is debated. In experimental TBI, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) promotes hippocampal neuronal differentiation, improves immature neuron dendritic arbor morphology, increases long-term survival of neurons born after TBI, and improves cognitive function. One potential downstream mediator of the neurogenic effects of IGF1 is mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which regulates proliferation as well as axonal and dendritic growth in the CNS. Excessive mTOR activation is posited to contribute to aberrant plasticity related to posttraumatic epilepsy, spurring preclinical studies of mTOR inhibitors as therapeutics for TBI. The degree to which pro-neurogenic effects of IGF1 depend upon upregulation of mTOR activity is currently unknown. Using immunostaining for phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6, a commonly used surrogate for mTOR activation, we show that controlled cortical impact TBI triggers mTOR activation in the dentate gyrus in a time-, region-, and injury severity-dependent manner. Posttraumatic mTOR activation in the granule cell layer (GCL) and dentate hilus was amplified in mice with conditional overexpression of IGF1. In contrast, delayed astrocytic activation of mTOR signaling within the dentate gyrus molecular layer, closely associated with proliferation, was not affected by IGF1 overexpression. To determine whether mTOR activation is necessary for IGF1-mediated stimulation of posttraumatic hippocampal neurogenesis, wildtype and IGF1 transgenic mice received the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin daily beginning at 3 days after TBI, following pulse labeling with bromodeoxyuridine. Compared to wildtype mice, IGF1 overexpressing mice exhibited increased posttraumatic neurogenesis, with a higher density of posttrauma-born GCL neurons at 10 days after injury. Inhibition of mTOR did not abrogate IGF1-stimulated enhancement of posttraumatic neurogenesis. Rather, rapamycin treatment in IGF1 transgenic mice, but not in WT mice, increased numbers of cells labeled with BrdU at 3 days after injury that survived to 10 days, and enhanced the proportion of posttrauma-born cells that differentiated into neurons. Because beneficial effects of IGF1 on hippocampal neurogenesis were maintained or even enhanced with delayed inhibition of mTOR, combination therapy approaches may hold promise for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Nam Y, Moon GJ, Kim SR. Therapeutic Potential of AAV1-Rheb(S16H) Transduction against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063064. [PMID: 33802760 PMCID: PMC8002454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are essential for cell growth, survival, synaptic plasticity, and maintenance of specific neuronal population in the central nervous system. Multiple studies have demonstrated that alterations in the levels and activities of NTFs are related to the pathology and symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Huntington’s disease. Hence, the key molecule that can regulate the expression of NTFs is an important target for gene therapy coupling adeno-associated virus vector (AAV) gene. We have previously reported that the Ras homolog protein enriched in brain (Rheb)–mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) axis plays a vital role in preventing neuronal death in the brain of AD and PD patients. AAV transduction using a constitutively active form of Rheb exerts a neuroprotective effect through the upregulation of NTFs, thereby promoting the neurotrophic interaction between astrocytes and neurons in AD conditions. These findings suggest the role of Rheb as an important regulator of the regulatory system of NTFs to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the role of Rheb in neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the therapeutic potential of AAV serotype 1 (AAV1)-Rheb(S16H) transduction in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on diseases, such as AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngpyo Nam
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Gyeong Joon Moon
- Center for Cell Therapy, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7362; Fax: +82-53-943-2762
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Peng W, Liu X, Tan C, Zhou W, Jiang J, Zhou X, Du J, Mo L, Chen L. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein relieved seizure-Induced neuronal glucose uptake impairment via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-regulated glucose transporter 3 expression. J Neurochem 2020; 157:695-709. [PMID: 33258143 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose hypometabolism is observed in epilepsy and promotes epileptogenesis. Glucose hypometabolism in epilepsy may be attributed to decreased neuronal glucose uptake, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is related to glucose metabolism and is reported to suppress seizures. The anti-epileptic effect of ZAG may be attributed to its regulation of neuronal glucose metabolism. This study explored the effect of ZAG on neuronal glucose uptake and its molecular mechanism via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)-regulated glucose transporter 3 (GLUT-3) expression. The ZAG level was modulated by lentivirus in primary culture neurons. Neuronal seizure models were induced by Mg2+ -free artificial cerebrospinal fluid. We assessed neuronal glucose uptake by the 2-NBDG method and Glucose Uptake Colorimetric Assay Kit. IGF1R was activated by IGF1 and blocked by AXL1717. The expression and distribution of IGF1R and GLUT-3, together with IGF1R phosphorylation, were measured by western blot. The binding between ZAG and IGF1R was determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Neuronal glucose uptake and GLUT-3 expression were significantly decreased by seizure or ZAG knockdown, whereas ZAG over-expression or IGF1 treatment reversed this decrease. The effect of ZAG on neuronal glucose uptake and GLUT-3 expression was blocked by AXL1717. ZAG increased IGF1R distribution and phosphorylation possibly by binding. Additionally, IGF1R increased GLUT-3 activity by increasing GLUT-3 expression. In epilepsy/seizure, neuronal glucose uptake suppression may be attributed to a decrease in ZAG, which suppresses neuronal GLUT-3 expression by regulating the activity of IGF1R. ZAG, IGF1R, and GLUT-3 may be novel potential therapeutic targets of glucose hypometabolism in epilepsy and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxue Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juncong Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijuan Mo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Safar MM, Shahin NN, Mohamed AF, Abdelkader NF. Suppression of BACE1 and amyloidogenic/RAGE axis by sitagliptin ameliorates PTZ kindling-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 328:109144. [PMID: 32653415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The debilitating nature of cognitive impairment in epilepsy and the potential of some traditional antiepileptics to further deteriorate cognitive function are areas of growing concern. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) deficiency has been linked to reduced seizure threshold as well as cognitive dysfunction. Here, we tested whether sitagliptin (SITA), by virtue of its neuroprotective properties, could alleviate both epilepsy and associated cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of kindling epilepsy. Chemical kindling was induced by subconvulsive doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (30 mg/kg; i.p). SITA (50 mg/kg; p.o) was administered 1 h before PTZ injections. SITA conceivably attenuated PTZ hippocampal histological insult, preserved neuronal integrity and amended neurotransmitter perturbations in rat hippocampi paralleled with enhanced hippocampal GLP-1 levels as well as the downstream cAMP content and protein kinase A (PKA) activity. Moreover, SITA improved cognitive functioning of rats in the Morris water maze which was coupled with hampered hippocampal p(Ser404)-tau and β-amyloid proteins. SITA replenished p(Ser9)-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). It also opposed the boosted matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels associated with PTZ administration along with mitigation of both β-secretase-1 (BACE1) immunoreactivity and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein level in rat hippocampi. In conclusion, SITA subdues epileptic and cognitive upshots of PTZ kindling in rats, which might correspond to the modulation of BACE1, amyloidogenic/RAGE axis as well as GSK-3β/MMP-9/BDNF signaling cascade. SITA effects are probably mediated via boosting GLP-1 and subsequently enhancing GLP-1/GLP-1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Safar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Noha F Abdelkader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Brand Z, Avital A. High resolution behavioral and neural activity representation using a geometrical approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7977. [PMID: 32409747 PMCID: PMC7224390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Available tools for recording neuronal activity are limited and reductive due to massive data arising from high-frequency measurements. We have developed a method that utilizes variance within the physiological activity and includes all data points per measurement. Data is expressed geometrically in a physiologically meaningful manner, to represent a precise and detailed view of the recorded neural activity. The recorded raw data from any pair of electrodes was plotted and following a covariance calculation, an eigenvalues and chi-square distribution were used to define the ellipse which bounds 95% of the raw data. We validated our method by correlating specific behavioral observation and physiological activity with behavioral tasks that require similar body movement but potentially involve significantly different neuronal activity. Graphical representation of telemetrically recorded data generates a scatter plot with distinct elliptic geometrical properties that clearly and significantly correlated with behavior. Our reproducible approach improves on existing methods by allowing a dynamic, accurate and comprehensive correlate using an intuitive output. Long-term, it may serve as the basis for advanced machine learning applications and animal-based artificial intelligence models aimed at predicting or characterizing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zev Brand
- Behavioral Neuroscience lab, Gutwirth Building, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Emek Medical Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Avi Avital
- Behavioral Neuroscience lab, Gutwirth Building, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Emek Medical Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
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16
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Niu X, Zhao Y, Yang N, Zhao X, Zhang W, Bai X, Li A, Yang W, Lu L. Proteasome activation by insulin-like growth factor-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling promotes exercise-induced neurogenesis. Stem Cells 2019; 38:246-260. [PMID: 31648402 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise-induced enhancement of learning and memory and alleviation of age-related cognitive decline in humans have been widely acknowledged. However, the mechanistic relationship between exercise and cognitive improvement remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that exercise-elicited cognitive benefits were accompanied by adaptive hippocampal proteasome activation. Voluntary wheel running increased hippocampal proteasome activity in adult and middle-aged mice, contributing to an acceleration of neurogenesis that could be reversed by intrahippocampal injection of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. We further found that increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in both serum and hippocampus may be essential for exercise-induced proteasome activation. Our in vitro study demonstrated that IGF-1 stimulated proteasome activity in cultured adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) by promoting nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), followed by elevated expressions of proteasome subunits such as PSMB5. In contrast, pretreating adult mice with the selective IGF-1R inhibitor picropodophyllin diminished exercise-induced neurogenesis, concurrent with reduced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and proteasome activity. Likewise, lowering Nrf2 expression by RNA interference with bilateral intrahippocampal injections of recombinant adeno-associated viral particles significantly suppressed exercise-induced proteasome activation and attenuated cognitive function. Collectively, our work demonstrates that proteasome activation in hippocampus through IGF-1/Nrf2 signaling is a key adaptive mechanism underlying exercise-related neurogenesis, which may serve as a potential targetable pathway in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Niu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechun Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Status Epilepticus Increases Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis in the Developing Rat Cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 19:48-57. [PMID: 31656012 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) promotes neuronal proliferation and differentiation in the adult and developing rodent hippocampus. However, the effect of SE on other neurogenic brain regions such as the cerebellum has been less explored. To determine whether SE induced by pentylentetrazole (PTZ-SE) and lithium-pilocarpine (Li-Pilo-SE) increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the developing rat cerebellum. SE was induced in 14-day-old (P14) Wistar rat pups (both sexes). One hour after SE and the following day rats were injected intraperitoneally with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg). Seven days after SE, immunohistochemistry was performed to detect BrdU-positive (BrdU+) cells or BrdU/NeuN+ cells in the cerebellar vermis. SE induced by PTZ or Li-Pilo statistically significant increased the number of cerebellar BrdU+ cells when compared with the control group (58% and 40%, respectively); maximal cell proliferation occurred in lobules II, III, VIb, VIc, VIII, IXa, and IXb of PTZ-SE group and II, V, VIc, VII, and X of Li-Pilo-SE group. An increased number of BrdU/NeuN+ cells was detected in lobules V (17 ± 1.9), VIc (25.8 ± 2.7), and VII (26.2 ± 3.4) after Li-Pilo-SE compared to their control group (9.8 ± 1.7, 12.8 ± 2.8, and 11 ± 1.7, respectively), while the number of BrdU/NeuN+ cells remained the same after PTZ-induced SE or control conditions. SE induced in the developing rat by different experimental models increases cell proliferation in the granular layer of the cerebellar vermis, but only SE of limbic seizures increases neurogenesis in specific cerebellar lobes.
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18
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Peng S, Yang J, Wang Y, Fan Y, Tang F, Hou C, Yu J, Wang X, Jiang G. Low-dose intranasal insulin improves cognitive function and suppresses the development of epilepsy. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146474. [PMID: 31557476 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal insulin exerts neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurological diseases. Whether intranasal insulin affects epileptic activity and whether it has neuroprotective effects in epileptic diseases is however still unknown. In this study we show that low-dose intranasal insulin inhibited kainic acid (KA)- or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures and reduced epileptic discharge activities in mice, potentially by alleviating the increase in seizure-induced glutamate in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, intranasal insulin increased GABA levels and the activities of hippocampal theta, which may affect the excitability of the hippocampus. In chronic KA-induced epilepsy, low-dose intranasal insulin reduces the frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures and epileptic discharges, while it increases theta energy and thereby improves spatial memory. Larger doses of intranasal insulin increased the frequency of seizures but did not aggravate cognitive impairment, suggesting that the frequency of seizures may not be related to impaired cognitive function. Overall, our findings show that low-dose intranasal insulin inhibits epileptic events and improves cognitive impairment in epileptic mice, suggesting that learning and memory can be improved by intranasal insulin. However, larger doses might increase the risk of epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyue Hou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Juming Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, 63 Wenhua Road, Nanchong 637000, China; Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, 234 Fujiang Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Ogundele OM, Lee CC. CaMKIIα expression in a mouse model of NMDAR hypofunction schizophrenia: Putative roles for IGF-1R and TLR4. Brain Res Bull 2018; 137:53-70. [PMID: 29137928 PMCID: PMC5835406 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that is linked to social behavioral deficits and other negative symptoms associated with hippocampal synaptic dysfunction. Synaptic mechanism of schizophrenia is characterized by loss of hippocampal N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) activity (NMDAR hypofunction) and dendritic spines. Previous studies show that genetic deletion of hippocampal synaptic regulatory calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) cause synaptic and behavioral defects associated with schizophrenia in mice. Although CaMKIIα is involved in modulation of NMDAR activity, it is equally linked to inflammatory and neurotropin signaling in neurons. Based on these propositions, we speculate that non-neurotransmitter upstream receptors associated with neurotropic and inflammatory signaling activities of CaMKIIα may alter its synaptic function. Besides, how these receptors (i.e. inflammatory and neurotropic receptors) alter CaMKIIα function (phosphorylation) relative to hippocampal NMDAR activity in schizophrenia is poorly understood. Here, we examined the relationship between toll-like receptor (TLR4; inflammatory), insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R; neurotropic) and CaMKIIα expression in the hippocampus of behaviorally deficient schizophrenic mice after we induced schizophrenia through NMDAR inhibition. Schizophrenia was induced in WT (C57BL/6) mice through intraperitoneal administration of 30mg/Kg ketamine (NMDAR antagonist) for 5days (WT/SCZ). Five days after the last ketamine treatment, wild type schizophrenic mice show deficiencies in sociability and social novelty behavior. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in hippocampal CaMKIIα (p<0.001) and IGF-1R (p<0.001) expression when assessed through immunoblotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Additionally, WT schizophrenic mice show an increased percentage of phosphorylated CaMKIIα in addition to upregulated TLR4 signaling (TLR4, NF-κB, and MAPK/ErK) in the hippocampus. To ascertain the functional link between TLR4, IGF-1R and CaMKIIα relative to NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia, we created hippocampal-specific TLR4 knockdown mouse using AAV-driven Cre-lox technique (TLR4 KD). Subsequently, we inhibited NMDAR function in TLR4 KD mice in an attempt to induce schizophrenia (TLR4 KD SCZ). Interestingly, IGF-1R and CaMKIIα expressions were preserved in the TLR4 KD hippocampus after attenuation of NMDAR function. Furthermore, TLR4 KD SCZ mice showed no prominent defects in sociability and social novelty behavior when compared with the control (WT). Our results show that a sustained IGF-1R expression may preserve the synaptic activity of CaMKIIα while TLR4 signaling ablates hippocampal CaMKIIα expression in NMDAR hypofunction schizophrenia. Together, we infer that IGF-1R depletion and increased TLR4 signaling are non-neurotransmitter pro-schizophrenic cues that can reduce synaptic CaMKIIα activity in a pharmacologic mouse model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
| | - C C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
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20
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Luo H, Zhao F, Zhang F, Liu N. Influence of amygdalin on PDG, IGF and PDGFR expression in HSC-T6 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3693-3698. [PMID: 29556259 PMCID: PMC5844102 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of amygdalin treatment on reducing liver fibrosis by investigating its role in regulating the expression level of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and PDGF receptor (PDGFR) in the hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-T6 line. HSC-T6 cells were used as an in vitro model and randomly assigned into four groups: control, high-dose amygdalin, mid-dose amygdalin and low-dose amygdalin. Following amygdalin treatment, compared with the control, a high dose of amygdalin significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of PDGF and IGF (each P<0.05), whereas moderate and low doses showed no significant effect, relatively low doses of amygdalin are not sufficient to transfer signals to its receptor. The high-dose amygdalin and low-dose amygdalin displayed suppressed protein expression of PDGF at 24, 48 and 72 h, with the high-dose group exhibiting the most marked suppression at all three time points. By reducing the transcription of PDGF and IGF mRNA and the expression of PDGF protein, amygdalin decreased the synthesis and release of PDGF and IGF, thereby reducing the influence of PDGF and IGF on HSCs, thus protecting the liver from fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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21
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Salem NA, El-Shamarka M, Khadrawy Y, El-Shebiney S. New prospects of mesenchymal stem cells for ameliorating temporal lobe epilepsy. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:963-972. [PMID: 29470694 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is present in 30% of epileptic patients and does not respond to conventional treatments. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) induce endogenous neural stem cells, inhibit neurodegeneration, and promote brain self-repair mechanisms. The present study addresses the feasibility of BMSCs transplantation against pilocarpine-induced TLE experimentally. BMSCs were injected either intravenously (IV) or in hippocampus bilaterally (IC). Increased cell count of BMSCs was achieved via IC route. BMSCs treatment ameliorated the pilocarpine-induced neurochemical and histological changes, retained amino acid neurotransmitters to the normal level, downregulated the immunoreactivity to insulin growth factor-1 receptor, synaptophysin, and caspase-3 and reduced oxidative insult and inflammatory markers detected in epileptic model. It is worth noting that BMSCs IC-administered showed more pronounced effects than those administered via IV route. BMSCs transplantation presents a promise for TLE treatment that has to be elucidated clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Salem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Faisalia, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Medical Research Division, Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Marwa El-Shamarka
- Medical Research Division, Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasser Khadrawy
- Medical Research Division, Physiology Department, NRC, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa El-Shebiney
- Medical Research Division, Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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22
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Zheng F, Yang Y, Lu S, Yang Q, Li Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Liu F, Tian X, Wang X. CD36 Deficiency Suppresses Epileptic Seizures. Neuroscience 2017; 367:110-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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23
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Grinberg YY, Zitzow LA, Kraig RP. Intranasally administered IGF-1 inhibits spreading depression in vivo. Brain Res 2017; 1677:47-57. [PMID: 28951235 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spreading depression (SD) is a wave of cellular depolarization that travels slowly through susceptible gray matter brain areas. SD is the most likely cause of migraine aura and perhaps migraine pain, and is a well-accepted animal model of migraine. Identification of therapeutics that can prevent SD may have clinical relevance toward migraine treatment. Here we show that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) significantly inhibited neocortical SD in vivo after intranasal delivery to rats. A single dose of IGF-1 inhibited SD within an hour, and continued to protect for at least seven days thereafter. A two-week course of IGF-1, administered every third day, further decreased SD susceptibility and showed no aberrant effects on glial activation, nasal mucosa, or serum markers of toxicity. SD begets SD in vitro by mechanisms that involve microglial activation. We add to this relationship by showing that recurrent SD in vivo increased susceptibility to subsequent SD, and that intervention with IGF-1 significantly interrupted this pathology. These findings support nasal administration of IGF-1 as a novel intervention capable of mitigating SD susceptibility, and as a result, potentially migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Y Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, United States
| | - Lois A Zitzow
- Animal Resources Center, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, United States
| | - Richard P Kraig
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, United States.
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24
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Iqbal M, Rahman MS, Zafar S, Chen XL, Liu JX, Liu Y. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of different exercise programs in pilocarpine induced status epilepticus models. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 73:256-267. [PMID: 28666249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies testing exercise in animal models of pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and to compare the efficacy of different training strategies used in those studies. METHODS We searched 2 online databases (Pubmed and Web of Science) for studies analyzing the efficacy of different trainings in pilocarpine-induced SE models. Training was categorized into forced physical training (PT), voluntary PT and resistance PT. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study quality, behavioral seizures, and histological, chemical and cognitive outcomes. Data were pooled by means of a meta-analysis. RESULTS Among 17 selected studies; 174 animals from 8 studies with 10 comparison groups showed that exercise intervention after induction of SE significantly decreased spontaneous recurrent seizures with [mean difference (MD)=-1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.22, -0.37, p=0.02] and 60 animals showed statistically significant decrease in latency in Morris water maze (standardized mean difference (SMD)=-2.57, 95% CI: -4.06, -1.08, p=0.0007). Although not statistically significant, still a remarkable increase in number of CA1 neurons and hippocampal BDNF level (MD=2.27, [95% CI: -1.20, 5.73], p=0.19, SMD=1.07, [95% CI: -0.36, 2.51], p=0.14 respectively) and a decrease in mossy fibers sprouting (SMD=-1.03, [95% CI: -3.06, 1.00], p=0.32) were observed. PT interventions in 72 animals before induction of SE showed favorable increase in latency to develop SE (MD=8.34, [95% CI: -3.10, 19.78], p=0.15) but no remarkable improvements in latency for the first motor sign and motor signs intensity. CONCLUSIONS PT after SE reduces the recurrent seizures and improves the morphological, biochemical and cognitive profiles of pilocarpine epileptic models. Resistance PT was identified as particularly effective in reducing behavioral seizures. The efficacy of training was also dependent upon duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Iqbal
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Salman Zafar
- University Institute of Physical Therapy, University of Lahore, 1 km Defence road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Maguire J. Spare the Neuron, Spoil the Network. Epilepsy Curr 2017; 17:169-170. [PMID: 28684953 PMCID: PMC5486428 DOI: 10.5698/1535-7511.17.3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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de Almeida AA, Gomes da Silva S, Lopim GM, Vannucci Campos D, Fernandes J, Cabral FR, Arida RM. Resistance Exercise Reduces Seizure Occurrence, Attenuates Memory Deficits and Restores BDNF Signaling in Rats with Chronic Epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:1230-1239. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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IGF-1/IGF-1R/hsa-let-7c axis regulates the committed differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36922. [PMID: 27833148 PMCID: PMC5105129 DOI: 10.1038/srep36922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptor IGF-1R play a paramount role in tooth/bone formation while hsa-let-7c actively participates in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, the interaction between IGF-1/IGF-1R and hsa-let-7c on the committed differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) remains unclear. In this study, human SCAPs were isolated and treated with IGF-1 and hsa-let-7c over/low-expression viruses. The odonto/osteogenic differentiation of these stem cells and the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were subsequently investigated. Alizarin red staining showed that hsa-let-7c low-expression can significantly promote the mineralization of IGF-1 treated SCAPs, while hsa-let-7c over-expression can decrease the calcium deposition of IGF-1 treated SCAPs. Western blot assay and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction further demonstrated that the expression of odonto/osteogenic markers (ALP, RUNX2/RUNX2, OSX/OSX, OCN/OCN, COL-I/COL-I, DSPP/DSP, and DMP-1/DMP-1) in IGF-1 treated SCAPs were significantly upregulated in Let-7c-low group. On the contrary, hsa-let-7c over-expression could downregulate the expression of these odonto/osteogenic markers. Moreover, western blot assay showed that the JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways were activated in Let-7c-low SCAPs but inhibited in Let-7c-over SCAPs. Together, the IGF-1/IGF-1R/hsa-let-7c axis can control the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of IGF-1-treated SCAPs via the regulation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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28
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Song Y, Pimentel C, Walters K, Boller L, Ghiasvand S, Liu J, Staley KJ, Berdichevsky Y. Neuroprotective levels of IGF-1 exacerbate epileptogenesis after brain injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32095. [PMID: 27561791 PMCID: PMC4999804 DOI: 10.1038/srep32095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is neuroprotective in animal models of brain injury, and has been considered as a potential therapeutic. Akt-mTOR and MAPK are downstream targets of IGF-1 signaling that are activated after brain injury. However, both brain injury and mTOR are linked to epilepsy, raising the possibility that IGF-1 may be epileptogenic. Here, we considered the role of IGF-1 in development of epilepsy after brain injury, using the organotypic hippocampal culture model of post-traumatic epileptogenesis. We found that IGF-1 was neuroprotective within a few days of injury but that long-term IGF-1 treatment was pro-epileptic. Pro-epileptic effects of IGF-1 were mediated by Akt-mTOR signaling. We also found that IGF-1 - mediated increase in epileptic activity led to neurotoxicity. The dualistic nature of effects of IGF-1 treatment demonstrates that anabolic enhancement through IGF-1 activation of mTOR cascade can be beneficial or harmful depending on the stage of the disease. Our findings suggest that epilepsy risk may need to be considered in the design of neuroprotective treatments for brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Corrin Pimentel
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Katherine Walters
- Integrated Degree in Engineering, Arts, and Sciences (IDEAS) Program, Lehigh University, PA 18015, USA
| | - Lauren Boller
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Kevin J Staley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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