1
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Weeks KL, Kiriazis H, Wadley GD, Masterman EI, Sergienko NM, Raaijmakers AJA, Trewin AJ, Harmawan CA, Yildiz GS, Liu Y, Drew BG, Gregorevic P, Delbridge LMD, McMullen JR, Bernardo BC. A gene therapy targeting medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) did not protect against diabetes-induced cardiac pathology. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:95-111. [PMID: 37987775 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy describes heart disease in patients with diabetes who have no other cardiac conditions but have a higher risk of developing heart failure. Specific therapies to treat the diabetic heart are limited. A key mechanism involved in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is dysregulation of cardiac energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine if increasing the expression of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD; encoded by Acadm), a key regulator of fatty acid oxidation, could improve the function of the diabetic heart. Male mice were administered streptozotocin to induce diabetes, which led to diastolic dysfunction 8 weeks post-injection. Mice then received cardiac-selective adeno-associated viral vectors encoding MCAD (rAAV6:MCAD) or control AAV and were followed for 8 weeks. In the non-diabetic heart, rAAV6:MCAD increased MCAD expression (mRNA and protein) and increased Acadl and Acadvl, but an increase in MCAD enzyme activity was not detectable. rAAV6:MCAD delivery in the diabetic heart increased MCAD mRNA expression but did not significantly increase protein, activity, or improve diabetes-induced cardiac pathology or molecular metabolic and lipid markers. The uptake of AAV viral vectors was reduced in the diabetic versus non-diabetic heart, which may have implications for the translation of AAV therapies into the clinic. KEY MESSAGES: The effects of increasing MCAD in the diabetic heart are unknown. Delivery of rAAV6:MCAD increased MCAD mRNA and protein, but not enzyme activity, in the non-diabetic heart. Independent of MCAD enzyme activity, rAAV6:MCAD increased Acadl and Acadvl in the non-diabetic heart. Increasing MCAD cardiac gene expression alone was not sufficient to protect against diabetes-induced cardiac pathology. AAV transduction efficiency was reduced in the diabetic heart, which has clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Weeks
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Emma I Masterman
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Nicola M Sergienko
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Antonia J A Raaijmakers
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Claudia A Harmawan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Gunes S Yildiz
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yingying Liu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Brian G Drew
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Belkin TG, Tham YK, McMullen JR. Lipids regulated by exercise and PI3K: potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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3
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Zhang H, Zhan Q, Huang B, Wang Y, Wang X. AAV-mediated gene therapy: Advancing cardiovascular disease treatment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:952755. [PMID: 36061546 PMCID: PMC9437345 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.952755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has revolutionized the field of medicine, offering new hope for those with common and rare diseases. For nearly three decades, adeno-associated virus (AAV) has shown significant therapeutic benefits in multiple clinical trials, mainly due to its unique replication defects and non-pathogenicity in humans. In the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD), compared with non-viral vectors, lentiviruses, poxviruses, and adenovirus vectors, AAV possesses several advantages, including high security, low immunogenicity, sustainable and stable exogenous gene expression etc., which makes AAV one of the most promising candidates for the treatment of many genetic disorders and hereditary diseases. In this review, we evaluate the current information on the immune responses, transport pathways, and mechanisms of action associated with AAV-based CVD gene therapies and further explore potential optimization strategies to improve the efficiency of AAV transduction for the improved safety and efficiency of CVD treatment. In conclusion, AAV-mediated gene therapy has great potential for development in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Oncology Department, Zhejiang Xiaoshan HospitaI, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Yigang Wang
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Oncology Department, Zhejiang Xiaoshan HospitaI, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyan Wang
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Manning JR, Thapa D, Zhang M, Stoner MW, Sembrat JC, Rojas M, Scott I. GPER-dependent estrogen signaling increases cardiac GCN5L1 expression. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H762-H768. [PMID: 35245133 PMCID: PMC8977132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00024.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reversible lysine acetylation regulates the activity of cardiac metabolic enzymes, including those controlling fuel substrate metabolism. Mitochondrial-targeted GCN5L1 and SIRT3 have been shown to regulate the acetylation status of mitochondrial enzymes, but the role that lysine acetylation plays in driving metabolic differences between male and female hearts is not currently known. In this study, we describe a significant difference in GCN5L1 levels between male and female mouse hearts, and in the hearts of women between post- and premenopausal age. We further find that estrogen drives GCN5L1 expression in a cardiac cell line and uses pharmacological approaches to determine the mechanism to be G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) activation, via translational regulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate here for the first time that mitochondrial protein acetylation is increased in female hearts, associated with an increase in GCN5L1 levels through a GPER-dependent mechanism. These findings reveal a new potential mediator of divergent cardiac mitochondrial function between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Manning
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dharendra Thapa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Manling Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael W Stoner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John C Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Iain Scott
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Bass-Stringer S, Tai CMK, McMullen JR. IGF1-PI3K-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy: Implications for new heart failure therapies, biomarkers, and predicting cardiotoxicity. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:637-647. [PMID: 33246162 PMCID: PMC8724616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure represents the end point of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. It is a growing health burden and a leading cause of death worldwide. To date, limited treatment options exist for the treatment of heart failure, but exercise has been well-established as one of the few safe and effective interventions, leading to improved outcomes in patients. However, a lack of patient adherence remains a significant barrier in the implementation of exercise-based therapy for the treatment of heart failure. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway has been recognized as perhaps the most critical pathway for mediating exercised-induced heart growth and protection. Here, we discuss how modulating activity of the IGF1-PI3K pathway may be a valuable approach for the development of therapies that mimic the protective effects of exercise on the heart. We outline some of the promising approaches being investigated that utilize PI3K-based therapy for the treatment of heart failure. We discuss the implications for cardiac pathology and cardiotoxicity that arise in a setting of reduced PI3K activity. Finally, we discuss the use of animal models of cardiac health and disease, and genetic mice with increased or decreased cardiac PI3K activity for the discovery of novel drug targets and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bass-Stringer
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Celeste M K Tai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology and Department of Medicine Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Kusmic C, Vizzoca A, Taranta M, Tedeschi L, Gherardini L, Pelosi G, Giannetti A, Tombelli S, Grimaldi S, Baldini F, Domenici C, Trivella MG, Cinti C. Silencing Survivin: a Key Therapeutic Strategy for Cardiac Hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:391-407. [PMID: 34409583 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, in its aspects of localized thickening of the interventricular septum and concentric increase of the left ventricle, constitutes a risk factor of heart failure. Myocardial hypertrophy, in the presence of different degree of myocardial fibrosis, is paralleled by significant molecular, cellular, and histological changes inducing alteration of cardiac extracellular matrix composition as well as sarcomeres and cytoskeleton remodeling. Previous studies indicate osteopontin (OPN) and more recently survivin (SURV) overexpression as the hallmarks of heart failure although SURV function in the heart is not completely clarified. In this study, we investigated the involvement of SURV in intracellular signaling of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and the impact of its transcriptional silencing, laying the foundation for novel target gene therapy in cardiac hypertrophy. Oligonucleotide-based molecules, like theranostic optical nanosensors (molecular beacons) and siRNAs, targeting SURV and OPN mRNAs, were developed. Their diagnostic and therapeutic potential was evaluated in vitro in hypertrophic FGF23-induced human cardiomyocytes and in vivo in transverse aortic constriction hypertrophic mouse model. Engineered erythrocyte was used as shuttle to selectively target and transfer siRNA molecules into unhealthy cardiac cells in vivo. The results highlight how the SURV knockdown could negatively influence the expression of genes involved in myocardial fibrosis in vitro and restores structural, functional, and morphometric features in vivo. Together, these data suggested that SURV is a key factor in inducing cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, and its shutdown is crucial in slowing disease progression as well as reversing cardiac hypertrophy. In the perspective, targeted delivery of siRNAs through engineered erythrocytes can represent a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cardiac hypertrophy. Theranostic SURV molecular beacon (MB-SURV), transfected into FGF23-induced hypertrophic human cardiomyocytes, significantly dampened SURV overexpression. SURV down-regulation determines the tuning down of MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP4 extracellular matrix remodeling factors while induces the overexpression of the cardioprotective MCAD factor, which counterbalance the absence of pro-survival and anti-apoptotic SURV activity to protect cardiomyocytes from death. In transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model, the SURV silencing restores the LV mass levels to values not different from the sham group and counteracts the progressive decline of EF, maintaining its values always higher with respect to TAC group. These data demonstrate the central role of SURV in the cardiac reverse remodeling and its therapeutic potential to reverse cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kusmic
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessio Vizzoca
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monia Taranta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorena Tedeschi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Gherardini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Pelosi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ambra Giannetti
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nello Carrara"(IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Tombelli
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nello Carrara"(IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Settimio Grimaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Baldini
- Institute of Applied Physics, Nello Carrara"(IFAC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Domenici
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Cinti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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Ezzeddini R, Taghikhani M, Salek Farrokhi A, Somi MH, Samadi N, Esfahani A, Rasaee MJ. Downregulation of fatty acid oxidation by involvement of HIF-1α and PPARγ in human gastric adenocarcinoma and related clinical significance. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:249-260. [PMID: 33730333 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism rewiring in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) pathogenesis is still not clearly elucidated. This study aimed to describe the role of lipid catabolism in GA patient outcomes and possible therapeutic targets by analyzing the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) on fatty acid oxidation (FAO). AGS cell line was cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and FAO-related genes were analyzed by real-time-PCR and Western-blot. The study group comprised 108 newly diagnosed GA patients and 152 control cases. Serum concentrations of medium and long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (MCAD and LCAD) proteins were measured using ELISA, and local expression of HIF-1α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1A) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, gene expression of PPARγ, CPT1A, LCAD, and MCAD was assessed by real-time-PCR. In vitro findings indicate HIF-1α upregulation and FAO-related genes and proteins reduction in the hypoxic culture of AGS cells. GA patients had significantly lower circulating levels of LCAD compared to controls. Higher protein expression of HIF-1α and downregulated CPT1A and PPARγ were observed in GA tissues versus controls. Gene expression of CPT1A, PPARγ, LCAD, and MCAD were repressed in GA tissues compared to controls. Moreover, reduced expression of CPT1A, PPARγ, and MCAD were correlated with HIF-1α upregulation in GA. Poor patient outcome was associated with lower PPARγ and LCAD expression in GA. HIF-1α upregulation in human GA patients and AGS cells was paralleled by downregulation of lipid catabolism genes potentially via reduced PPARγ-mediated FAO. This metabolic adaptation to hypoxic condition may play a role in GA pathogenesis and might have clinical and therapeutic value in GA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ezzeddini
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O.Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghikhani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O.Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Salek Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Esfahani
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rasaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Highway, Nasr, P.O.Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Horlock D, Kaye DM, Winbanks CE, Gao XM, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Gregorevic P, McMullen JR, Bernardo BC. Old Drug, New Trick: Tilorone, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drug as a Potential Anti-Fibrotic Therapeutic for the Diseased Heart. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030263. [PMID: 33804032 PMCID: PMC7998193 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with most forms of cardiovascular disease. No reliable therapies targeting cardiac fibrosis are available, thus identifying novel drugs that can resolve or prevent fibrosis is needed. Tilorone, an antiviral agent, can prevent fibrosis in a mouse model of lung disease. We investigated the anti-fibrotic effects of tilorone in human cardiac fibroblasts in vitro by performing a radioisotopic assay for [3H]-proline incorporation as a proxy for collagen synthesis. Exploratory studies in human cardiac fibroblasts treated with tilorone (10 µM) showed a significant reduction in transforming growth factor-β induced collagen synthesis compared to untreated fibroblasts. To determine if this finding could be recapitulated in vivo, mice with established pathological remodelling due to four weeks of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) were administered tilorone (50 mg/kg, i.p) or saline every third day for eight weeks. Treatment with tilorone was associated with attenuation of fibrosis (assessed by Masson's trichrome stain), a favourable cardiac gene expression profile and no further deterioration of cardiac systolic function determined by echocardiography compared to saline treated TAC mice. These data demonstrate that tilorone has anti-fibrotic actions in human cardiac fibroblasts and the adult mouse heart, and represents a potential novel therapy to treat fibrosis associated with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Horlock
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
| | - David M. Kaye
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Catherine E. Winbanks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Disease in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel G. Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julie R. McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Bianca C. Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (D.H.); (D.M.K.); (C.E.W.); (X.-M.G.); (H.K.); (D.G.D.); (P.G.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(0)3-8532-1167; Fax: +61-(0)3-8532-1100
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9
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Bass-Stringer S, Ooi JYY, McMullen JR. Clusterin is regulated by IGF1–PI3K signaling in the heart: implications for biomarker and drug target discovery, and cardiotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1763-1768. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Metabolic pathways integrate to support tissue homeostasis and to prompt changes in cell phenotype. In particular, the heart consumes relatively large amounts of substrate not only to regenerate ATP for contraction but also to sustain biosynthetic reactions for replacement of cellular building blocks. Metabolic pathways also control intracellular redox state, and metabolic intermediates and end products provide signals that prompt changes in enzymatic activity and gene expression. Mounting evidence suggests that the changes in cardiac metabolism that occur during development, exercise, and pregnancy as well as with pathological stress (eg, myocardial infarction, pressure overload) are causative in cardiac remodeling. Metabolism-mediated changes in gene expression, metabolite signaling, and the channeling of glucose-derived carbon toward anabolic pathways seem critical for physiological growth of the heart, and metabolic inefficiency and loss of coordinated anabolic activity are emerging as proximal causes of pathological remodeling. This review integrates knowledge of different forms of cardiac remodeling to develop general models of how relationships between catabolic and anabolic glucose metabolism may fortify cardiac health or promote (mal)adaptive myocardial remodeling. Adoption of conceptual frameworks based in relational biology may enable further understanding of how metabolism regulates cardiac structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Gibb
- From the Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.A.G.)
| | - Bradford G Hill
- the Department of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY (B.G.H.).
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Weeks KL, Henstridge DC, Salim A, Shaw JE, Marwick TH, McMullen JR. CORP: Practical tools for improving experimental design and reporting of laboratory studies of cardiovascular physiology and metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H627-H639. [PMID: 31347916 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00327.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The exercise consisted of: 1) a short survey to acquire baseline data on current practices regarding the conduct of animal studies, 2) a series of presentations for promoting awareness and providing advice and practical tools for improving experimental design, and 3) a follow-up survey 12 mo later to assess whether practices had changed. The surveys were compulsory for responsible investigators (n = 16; paired data presented). Other investigators named on animal ethics applications were encouraged to participate (2017, total of 36 investigators; 2018, 37 investigators). The major findings to come from the exercise included 1) a willingness of investigators to make changes when provided with knowledge/tools and solutions that were relatively simple to implement (e.g., proportion of responsible investigators showing improved practices using a structured method for randomization was 0.44, 95% CI (0.19; 0.70), P = 0.003, and deidentifying drugs/interventions was 0.40, 95% CI (0.12; 0.68), P = 0.010); 2) resistance to change if this involved more personnel and time (e.g., as required for allocation concealment); and 3) evidence that changes to long-term practices ("habits") require time and follow-up. Improved practices could be verified based on changes in reporting within publications or documented evidence provided during laboratory visits. In summary, this exercise resulted in changed attitudes, practices, and reporting, but continued follow-up, monitoring, and incentives are required. Efforts to improve experimental rigor will reduce bias and will lead to findings with the greatest translational potential.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The goal of this exercise was to encourage preclinical researchers to improve the quality of their cardiac and metabolic animal studies by 1) increasing awareness of concerns, which can arise from suboptimal experimental designs; 2) providing knowledge, tools, and templates to overcome bias; and 3) conducting two short surveys over 12 mo to monitor change. Improved practices were identified for the uptake of structured methods for randomization, and de-identifying interventions/drugs.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/experimental-design-survey-training-practical-tools/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Agus Salim
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Abstract
Physiologic and pathologic stressors promote changes in metabolism that are associated with cardiac remodeling. Metabolic alterations in the heart are a summation of responses of several organs and organ systems, which transform the milieu of circulating substrates and stimuli and prompt cardiac adaptation or remodeling. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which metabolism causes cardiac remodeling remain unclear. Difficulties in delineating metabolic mechanisms of tissue remodeling are in part due to technical issues as well as to the lack of conceptual clarity with regard to causal entailment of metabolic processes. This review discusses some metabolic mechanisms by which stressors such as exercise, pregnancy, and pressure overload promote metabolism-mediated cardiac remodeling. Adopting conceptual frameworks based in relational biology and delineating hierarchies of metabolic causation could lend new insight into how metabolism coordinates cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G Hill
- Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
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13
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Bernardo BC, Gregorevic P, Ritchie RH, McMullen JR. Generation of MicroRNA-34 Sponges and Tough Decoys for the Heart: Developments and Challenges. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1090. [PMID: 30298011 PMCID: PMC6160554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating and deadly chronic disease, with almost 50% of patients with HF dying within 5 years of diagnosis. With limited effective therapies to treat or cure HF, new therapies are greatly needed. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are powerful regulators of gene expression and play a key role in almost every biological process. Disruptions in miRNA gene expression has been functionally linked to numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Molecular tools for manipulating miRNA activity have been developed, and there is evidence from preclinical studies demonstrating the potential of miRNAs to be therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease. For clinical application, miRNA sponges and tough decoys have been developed for more stable suppression and targeted delivery of the miRNA of choice. The aim of this study was to generate miRNA sponges and tough decoys to target miR-34 in the mouse heart. We present data to show that using both approaches we were unable to get significant knockdown of miR-34 or regulate miR-34 target genes in the heart in vivo. We also review recent applications of this method in the heart and discuss further considerations for optimisation in construct design and testing, and the obstacles to be overcome before they enter the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lipidomic Profiles of the Heart and Circulation in Response to Exercise versus Cardiac Pathology: A Resource of Potential Biomarkers and Drug Targets. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2757-2772. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy: Translational Progress and Future Prospects in the Treatment of Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 27:1285-1300. [PMID: 29703647 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment over the past decade, heart failure remains a significant public health burden and a leading cause of death in the developed world. Gene therapy provides a promising approach for preventing and reversing cardiac abnormalities, however, clinical application has shown limited success to date. A substantial effort is being invested into the development of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) for cardiac gene therapy as AAV gene therapy offers a high safety profile and provides sustained and efficient transgene expression following a once-off administration. Due to the physiological, anatomical and genetic similarities between large animals and humans, preclinical studies using large animal models for AAV gene therapy are crucial stepping stones between the laboratory and the clinic. Many molecular targets selected to treat heart failure using AAV gene therapy have been chosen because of their potential to regulate and restore cardiac contractility. Other genes targeted with AAV are involved with regulating angiogenesis, beta-adrenergic sensitivity, inflammation, physiological signalling and metabolism. While significant progress continues to be made in the field of AAV cardiac gene therapy, challenges remain in overcoming host neutralising antibodies, improving AAV vector cardiac-transduction efficiency and selectivity, and optimising the dose, route and method of delivery.
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