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Tienkamp TB, Rebernik T, Halpern BM, van Son RJJH, Wieling M, Witjes MJH, de Visscher SAHJ, Abur D. Quantifying Articulatory Working Space in Individuals Surgically Treated for Oral Cancer With Electromagnetic Articulography. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:384-399. [PMID: 38289853 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantify sentence-level articulatory kinematics in individuals treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (ITOC) compared to control speakers while also assessing the effect of treatment site (jaw vs. tongue). Furthermore, this study aimed to assess the relation between articulatory-kinematic measures and self-reported speech problems. METHOD Articulatory-kinematic data from the tongue tip, tongue back, and jaw were collected using electromagnetic articulography in nine Dutch ITOC and eight control speakers. To quantify articulatory kinematics, the two-dimensional articulatory working space (AWS; in mm2), one-dimensional anteroposterior range of motion (AP-ROM; in mm), and superior-inferior range of motion (SI-ROM in mm) were calculated and examined. Self-reported speech problems were assessed with the Speech Handicap Index (SHI). RESULTS Compared to a sex-matched control group, ITOC showed significantly smaller AWS, AP-ROM, and SI-ROM for both the tongue tip and tongue back sensor, but no significant differences were observed for the jaw sensor. This pattern was found for both individuals treated for tongue and jaw tumors. Moderate nonsignificant correlations were found between the SHI and the AWS of the tongue back and jaw sensors. CONCLUSIONS Despite large individual variation, ITOC showed reduced one- and two-dimensional tongue, but not jaw, movements compared to control speakers and treatment for tongue and jaw tumors resulted in smaller tongue movements. A larger sample size is needed to establish a more generalizable connection between the AWS and the SHI. Further research should explore how these kinematic changes in ITOC are related to acoustic and perceptual measures of speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Tienkamp
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Teja Rebernik
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bence M Halpern
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Multimedia Computing Group, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J J H van Son
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Wieling
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
| | - Max J H Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Defne Abur
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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Leyns C, Corthals P, Cosyns M, Papeleu T, Van Borsel J, Morsomme D, T'Sjoen G, D'haeseleer E. Acoustic and Perceptual Effects of Articulation Exercises in Transgender Women. J Voice 2024; 38:246.e15-246.e25. [PMID: 34384662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study measured the impact of articulation exercises using a cork and articulation exercises for lip spreading on the formant frequencies of vowels and listener perceptions of femininity in transgender women. METHODS Thirteen transgender women were recorded before and after the cork exercise and before and after the lip spreading exercise. Speech samples included continuous speech during reading and were analyzed using Praat software. Vowel formant frequencies (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5) and vowel space were determined. A listening experiment was organized using naïve cisgender women and cisgender men rating audio samples of continuous speech. Masculinity/femininity, vocal quality and age were rated, using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS Concerning vowel formant frequencies, F2 /a/ and F5 /u/ significantly increased after the lip spreading exercise, as well as F3 /a/, F3 /u/ and F4 /a/ after the cork exercise. The lip spreading exercise had more impact on the F2 /a/ than the cork exercise. Vowel space did not change after the exercises. The fundamental frequency (fo) increased simultaneously during both exercises. Both articulation exercises were associated with significantly increased listener perceptions of femininity of the voice. CONCLUSION Subtle changes in formant frequencies can be observed after performing articulation exercises, but not in every formant frequency or vowel. Cisgender listeners rated the speech of the transgender women more feminine after the exercises. Further research with a more extensive therapy program and listening experiment is needed to examine these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Leyns
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Corthals
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Cosyns
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Sciensano, Belgian institute for health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tine Papeleu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Borsel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Morsomme
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Whitfield JA, Fullenkamp AM, Kriegel Z. Order Affects Clear and Loud Speech Response. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3871-3881. [PMID: 37696047 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of instruction order on the speech production response when adopting higher effort speaking styles, specifically loud and clear speech. METHOD Speech intensity, lip aperture range, and speech rate data were collected from 24 talkers who repeated the utterance "Buy Bobby a puppy" using habitual, clear, and loud speech. Participants were assigned in quasi-random fashion to one of two groups: a Clear-Loud Group (11 participants; order: habitual-clear-loud) or a Loud-Clear Group (13 participants; order: habitual-loud-clear). RESULTS Talkers in the Clear-Loud Group exhibited higher speech intensity during the loud style compared with those who performed the Loud-Clear Group. Furthermore, talkers in the Clear-Loud Group retained the increases lip aperture range and reductions in speech rate associated with the clear style when producing the loud style. Conversely, talkers in the Loud-Clear Group exhibited significant increases in lip aperture range between the habitual and loud styles and between the loud and clear styles. Additionally, the Loud-Clear Group exhibited a reduction in speech rate only during the clear style, as no differences in speech rate were observed between the habitual and loud styles. CONCLUSIONS These findings may suggest that producing a higher effort style leads to carry-over effects in subsequent styles. Future research should investigate factors that moderate the degree of order effects for both research and clinical purposes. For instance, if generalizable, the compounding carry-over effects may prove advantageous for certain clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Whitfield
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bowling Green State University, OH
| | - Adam M Fullenkamp
- School of Human Movement, Sport, and Leisure Studies, Bowling Green State University, OH
| | - Zoe Kriegel
- Division of Communication Disorders, University of Wyoming, Laramie
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Kuo C, Berry J. The Relationship Between Acoustic and Kinematic Vowel Space Areas With and Without Normalization for Speakers With and Without Dysarthria. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:1923-1937. [PMID: 37105919 PMCID: PMC10561967 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-22-00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have reported on the vowel space area (VSA) in both acoustic and kinematic domains. This study examined acoustic and kinematic VSAs for speakers with and without dysarthria and evaluated effects of normalization on acoustic and kinematic VSAs and the relationship between these measures. METHOD Vowel data from 12 speakers with and without dysarthria, presenting with a range of speech abilities, were examined. The speakers included four speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD), four speakers with brain injury (BI), and four neurotypical (NT) speakers. Speech acoustic and kinematic data were acquired simultaneously using electromagnetic articulography during a passage reading task. Raw and normalized VSAs calculated from corner vowels /i/, /æ/, /ɑ/, and /u/ were evaluated. Normalization was achieved through z score transformations to the acoustic and kinematic data. The effect of normalization on variability within and across groups was evaluated. Regression analysis was used across speakers to assess the association between acoustic and kinematic VSAs for both raw and normalized data. RESULTS When evaluating the speakers as three different groups (i.e., PD, BI, and NT), normalization reduced the standard deviations within each group and changed the relative differences in average magnitude between groups. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between normalized, but not raw, acoustic and kinematic VSAs, after the exclusion of an outlier speaker. CONCLUSIONS Normalization reduces the variability across speakers, within groups, and changes average magnitudes affecting speaker group comparisons. Normalization also influences the correlation between acoustic and kinematic measures. Further investigation of the impact of normalization techniques upon acoustic and kinematic measures is warranted. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22669747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kuo
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA
| | - Jeffrey Berry
- Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI
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Knowles T, Badh G. Impact of Face Masks on Speech in Parkinson's Disease: Effect of Clear and Loud Speech Styles. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:3052-3075. [PMID: 36827515 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to quantify the combined effects of face masks and effortful speech styles on speech intensity, spectral moments, and measures of spectral balance in talkers with Parkinson's disease. METHOD Fifteen people with Parkinson's disease and 15 healthy, older controls read aloud sentences in three face mask conditions and three speech style conditions. Mask conditions included no mask, surgical masks, and KN95 masks. Speech styles included habitual, clear, and loud. Acoustic measures of intensity, spectral moments, and spectral balance were modeled as a function of speaker group, mask, and speech style. RESULTS Overall, talkers with PD demonstrated lower concentrations of high-frequency spectral energy in their speech. Face masks attenuated high-frequency energy, whereas clear followed by loud speaking styles amplified high frequencies. Overall, the attenuation observed by face masks was preserved across speech styles, and both mask and speech patterns were observed to be similar across groups. DISCUSSION Clear and loud speech styles were effective in compensating for the damping effects of masks in talkers with and without PD. However, given that people with PD demonstrated poorer overall spectral balance compared to controls, the gains afforded by speaking clearly or loudly may be limited when wearing a face mask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Knowles
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Gursharan Badh
- Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY
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Thies T, Mücke D, Geerts N, Seger A, Fink GR, Barbe MT, Sommerauer M. Compensatory articulatory mechanisms preserve intelligibility in prodromal Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 112:105487. [PMID: 37329726 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysarthria is highly prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and speech changes have already been detected in patients with prodromal PD on the acoustic level. However, the present study directly tracks underlying articulatory movements with electromagnetic articulography to investigate early speech alterations on the kinematic level in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and compares them to PD and control speakers. METHODS Kinematic data of 23 control speakers, 22 speakers with iRBD, and 23 speakers with PD were collected. Amplitude, duration, and average speed of lower lip, tongue tip, and tongue body movements were analyzed. Naive listeners rated the intelligibility of all speakers. RESULTS Patients with iRBD produced tongue tip and tongue body movements that were larger in amplitude and longer in duration compared to control speakers, while remaining intelligible. Compared to patients with iRBD, patients with PD had smaller, longer and slower tongue tip and lower lip movements, accompanied by lower intelligibility. Thus, the data indicate that the lingual system is already affected in prodromal PD. Furthermore, lower lip and especially tongue tip movements slow down and speech intelligibility decreases if motor impairment is more pronounced. CONCLUSION Patients with iRBD adjust articulatory patterns to counteract incipient motor detriment on speech to maintain their intelligibility level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabea Thies
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, IfL Phonetics, Germany.
| | - Doris Mücke
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, IfL Phonetics, Germany
| | - Nuria Geerts
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Aline Seger
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael T Barbe
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany
| | - Michael Sommerauer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
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Nip ISB, Burke MM, Kim Y. The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Speech Motor Control in People With Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023; 66:804-819. [PMID: 36780302 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-22-00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the overall benefits of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), its effects on speech production have been mixed when examined using auditory-perceptual and acoustic measures. This study investigated the effects of DBS on the lip and jaw kinematics during sentence production in individuals with dysarthria secondary to PD. METHOD Twenty-seven participants from three groups were included in the study: (a) individuals with PD and without DBS (PD group), (b) individuals with PD and with DBS (PD-DBS group), and (c) neurologically healthy control speakers (HC group). Lip and jaw movements during speech were recorded using optical motion capture and analyzed for path distance, speed, duration, articulatory stability, and interarticulator coordination. RESULTS The PD-DBS group showed (a) increased path distance compared with the PD and HC groups and (b) increased speed compared with the PD group but not the HC group. Both PD and PD-DBS groups exhibited lengthened sentence duration compared with the HC group. Articulatory stability was greater for the two PD groups, PD and PD-DBS, compared with the HC group. Spatial, but not temporal, coordination was lower for the PD group than for the other two groups. The only kinematic changes between the DBS on and off conditions within the PD-DBS group were increases in spatial coordination. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that DBS primarily affects the amplitude scaling of articulatory movements, but not the temporal scaling, in individuals with PD. The findings are discussed with respect to the DBS-induced neural changes and their effects on speech motor control in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius S B Nip
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Mathes M Burke
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, CA
| | - Yunjung Kim
- School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee
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Kuruvilla-Dugdale M, Mefferd AS. Articulatory Performance in Dysarthria: Using a Data-Driven Approach to Estimate Articulatory Demands and Deficits. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1409. [PMID: 36291342 PMCID: PMC9599910 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study pursued two goals: (1) to establish range of motion (ROM) demand tiers (i.e., low, moderate, high) specific to the jaw (J), lower lip (LL), posterior tongue (PT), and anterior tongue (AT) for multisyllabic words based on the articulatory performance of neurotypical talkers and (2) to identify demand- and disease-specific articulatory performance characteristics in talkers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). J, LL, PT, and AT movements of 12 talkers with ALS, 12 talkers with PD, and 12 controls were recorded using electromagnetic articulography. Vertical ROM, average speed, and movement duration were measured. Results showed that in talkers with PD, J and LL ROM were already significantly reduced at the lowest tier whereas PT and AT ROM were only significantly reduced at moderate and high tiers. In talkers with ALS, J ROM was significantly reduced at the moderate tier whereas LL, PT, and AT ROM were only significantly reduced at the highest tier. In both clinical groups, significantly reduced J and LL speeds could already be observed at the lowest tier whereas significantly reduced AT speeds could only be observed at the highest tier. PT speeds were already significantly reduced at the lowest tier in the ALS group but not until the moderate tier in the PD group. Finally, movement duration, but not ROM or speed performance, differentiated between ALS and PD even at the lowest tier. Results suggest that articulatory deficits vary with stimuli-specific motor demands across articulators and clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Kuruvilla-Dugdale
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Antje S. Mefferd
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Vojtech JM, Stepp CE. Effects of Age and Parkinson's Disease on the Relationship between Vocal Fold Abductory Kinematics and Relative Fundamental Frequency. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00070-4. [PMID: 35393167 PMCID: PMC9532464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reports on two experiments to examine vocal fold abduction and its relationship with relative fundamental frequency (RFF), considering two attributes that have been shown to elicit group differences in RFF: age (Experiment 1) and Parkinson's disease (PD; Experiment 2). METHODS For both experiments, simultaneous acoustic and nasendoscopic recordings were collected as participants produced the utterance, /ifi/. RFF values were computed from the acoustic signal, whereas abduction duration and glottic angle at voicing offset were identified from the laryngoscopic images. In Experiment 1, 50 speakers with typical voices (18-83 years) were analyzed to examine (1A) the effects of speaker age on individual outcome measures (RFF, abduction duration, glottic angle) via Pearson's correlation coefficients, and (1B) the effects of abductory measures and age on RFF via an analysis of covariance. In Experiment 2, 20 speakers with PD and 20 matched controls were analyzed to examine (2A) the effects of group (with/without PD) on outcome measures via an analysis of variance, and (2B) the relationship of RFF with abduction duration, glottic angle, and age when considering group via an analysis of covariance. RESULTS Age demonstrated a significant, negative relationship with glottic angle (1A) but was not a significant factor when examining the relationship of vocal fold abduction and RFF (1B). Speaker group (with/without PD) demonstrated a significant effect on measures of RFF and abduction duration (2A) but was not a significant factor when examining the relationship of vocal fold abduction and RFF (2B). CONCLUSIONS RFF is sensitive to changes in vocal fold abductory patterns during devoicing, irrespective of speaker age or PD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Vojtech
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Delsys, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts; Altec, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts.
| | - Cara E Stepp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kim Y, Chung H, Thompson A. Acoustic and Articulatory Characteristics of English Semivowels /ɹ, l, w/ Produced by Adult Second-Language Speakers. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:890-905. [PMID: 35104414 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study presents the results of acoustic and kinematic analyses of word-initial semivowels (/ɹ, l, w/) produced by second-language (L2) speakers of English whose native language is Korean. In addition, the relationship of acoustic and kinematic measures to the ratings of foreign accent was examined by correlation analyses. METHOD Eleven L2 speakers and 10 native speakers (first language [L1]) of English read The Caterpillar passage. Acoustic and kinematic data were simultaneously recorded using an electromagnetic articulography system. In addition to speaking rate, two acoustic measures (ratio of third-formant [F3] frequency to second-formant [F2] frequency and duration of steady states of F2) and two kinematic measures (lip aperture and duration of lingual maximum hold) were obtained from individual target sounds. To examine the degree of contrast among the three sounds, acoustic and kinematic Euclidean distances were computed on the F2-F3 and x-y planes, respectively. RESULTS Compared with L1 speakers, L2 speakers exhibited a significantly slower speaking rate. For the three semivowels, L2 speakers showed a reduced F3/F2 ratio during constriction, increased lip aperture, and reduced acoustic Euclidean distances among semivowels. Additionally, perceptual ratings of foreign accent were significantly correlated with three measures: duration of steady F2, acoustic Euclidean distance, and kinematic Euclidean distance. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide acoustic and kinematic evidence for challenges that L2 speakers experience in the production of English semivowels, especially /ɹ/ and /w/. The robust and consistent finding of reduced contrasts among semivowels and their correlations with perceptual accent ratings suggests using sound contrasts as a potentially effective approach to accent modification paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Kim
- School of Communication Science & Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Hyunju Chung
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
| | - Austin Thompson
- School of Communication Science & Disorders, Florida State University, Tallahassee
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Blumenfeld HK, Sanabria AA, Nip ISB. Native Language and Second Language Convergence and Second Language Instruction Shape Speech-Language Performance in Adult Learners. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:970-981. [PMID: 35104422 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined native language (L1) and second language (L2) convergence of underlying skills in adult L2 learners as well as the contribution of instructional L2 level on L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels. METHOD Thirty-four adult Spanish L2 learners who had completed at least 1 year of college Spanish participated in this preliminary study. Learners were tested at the speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels in their L1 (English) and L2 (Spanish). L1-L2 convergence was indexed by associative links between corresponding L1 and L2 skills. In regression analyses, the level of Spanish instruction at the time of the study was also considered as a predictor of L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels. RESULTS L1-L2 convergence was identified for some speech motor skills (distance, maximum speed) and for lexical skills but was limited for other speech motor skills (duration, spatiotemporal index) and for narrative measures. Furthermore, lexical and narrative measures, but not speech motor measures, showed improvements with Spanish (L2) instruction. CONCLUSIONS L1-L2 convergence and instructional level are predictors of L2 performance in adult language learners. These factors play somewhat different roles across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels, warranting further "all-system" research across processing and proficiency levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike K Blumenfeld
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, CA
| | | | - Ignatius S B Nip
- School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, CA
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Single Word Intelligibility of Individuals with Parkinson's Disease in Noise: Pre-Specified Secondary Outcome Variables from a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) Comparing Two Intensive Speech Treatments (LSVT LOUD vs. LSVT ARTIC). Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070857. [PMID: 34199093 PMCID: PMC8301858 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience both prosodic changes (reduced vocal volume, reduced pitch range) and articulatory changes (imprecise articulation) that often limit speech intelligibility and may contribute to significant declines in quality of life. We conducted a randomized control trial comparing two intensive treatments, voice (LSVT LOUD) or articulation (LSVT ARTIC) to assess single word intelligibility in the presence of background noise (babble and mall). Participants (64 PD and 20 Healthy) read words from the diagnostic rhyme test (DRT), an ANSI Standard for measuring intelligibility of speech, before and after one month (treatment or no treatment). Teams of trained listeners blindly rated the data. Speech intelligibility of words in the presence of both noise conditions improved in PD participants who had LSVT LOUD compared to the groups that had LSVT ARTIC or no treatment. Intensive speech treatment targeting prominent prosodic variables in LSVT LOUD had a positive effect on speech intelligibility at the single word level in PD.
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Glotfelty A, Katz WF. The Role of Visibility in Silent Speech Tongue Movements: A Kinematic Study of Consonants. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:2377-2384. [PMID: 33826364 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To better understand the role of tongue visibility in speech, this study compared the spatiotemporal patterns of silent versus audible speech for lingual consonants of American English. Kinematic data were obtained for articulatory features assumed to be visually salient, including tongue movement (anterior displacement and midsagittal area), lip aperture, and consonant duration. Method Electromagnetic articulography was used to measure 11 native speakers' productions of five consonants (/ɡ/, /w/, /ɹ/, /l/, and /ð/), selected to represent a continuum of tongue visibility. Nonword consonant-vowel syllables were elicited during a procedure designed to convey a dyadic communication environment. A method of kinematic-based consonant segmentation was developed for data processing, and results were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results Findings indicated increased consonant duration and lip aperture in the silent condition (vs. audible) for all five consonants. Tongue forward displacement was slightly greater in the silent condition, compared to audible, for all consonants except /ɡ/, the only consonant without a visible tongue component. In addition, the extent of tongue forwarding in silent speech corresponded with the degree of tongue visibility. Conclusion During silent speech, talkers increased their lip aperture and consonant duration and tended to shift their tongues forward for the most visible lingual consonants, suggesting that talkers may be aware at some level of the need to increase articulatory visibility of the tongue in the presence of an interlocutor during adverse speech conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Glotfelty
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson
| | - William F Katz
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson
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14
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Whitfield JA, Holdosh SR, Kriegel Z, Sullivan LE, Fullenkamp AM. Tracking the Costs of Clear and Loud Speech: Interactions Between Speech Motor Control and Concurrent Visuomotor Tracking. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:2182-2195. [PMID: 33719529 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Prior work has demonstrated that competing tasks impact habitual speech production. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the extent to which clear and loud speech are affected by concurrent performance of an attention-demanding task. Method Speech kinematics and acoustics were collected while participants spoke using habitual, loud, and clear speech styles. The styles were performed in isolation and while performing a secondary tracking task. Results Compared to the habitual style, speakers exhibited expected increases in lip aperture range of motion and speech intensity for the clear and loud styles. During concurrent visuomotor tracking, there was a decrease in lip aperture range of motion and speech intensity for the habitual style. Tracking performance during habitual speech did not differ from single-task tracking. For loud and clear speech, speakers retained the gains in speech intensity and range of motion, respectively, while concurrently tracking. A reduction in tracking performance was observed during concurrent loud and clear speech, compared to tracking alone. Conclusions These data suggest that loud and clear speech may help to mitigate motor interference associated with concurrent performance of an attention-demanding task. Additionally, reductions in tracking accuracy observed during concurrent loud and clear speech may suggest that these higher effort speaking styles require greater attentional resources than habitual speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Whitfield
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bowling Green State University, OH
| | - Serena R Holdosh
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bowling Green State University, OH
| | - Zoe Kriegel
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bowling Green State University, OH
| | - Lauren E Sullivan
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Bowling Green State University, OH
| | - Adam M Fullenkamp
- School of Human Movement, Sport, & Leisure Studies, Bowling Green State University, OH
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15
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Kim D, Kuruvilla-Dugdale M, de Riesthal M, Jones R, Bagnato F, Mefferd A. Articulatory Correlates of Stress Pattern Disturbances in Talkers With Dysarthria. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:2287-2300. [PMID: 33984259 PMCID: PMC8740652 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Reduced stress commonly occurs in talkers with Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas excessive and equal stress is frequently associated with dysarthria of talkers with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This study sought to identify articulatory impairment patterns that underlie these two impaired stress patterns. We further aimed to determine if talkers with the same stress pattern disturbance but different diseases (ALS and MS) exhibit disease-specific articulatory deficits. Method Fifty-seven talkers participated in the study-33 talkers with dysarthria and 24 controls. Talkers with dysarthria were grouped based on their medical diagnosis: PD (n = 15), ALS (n = 10), MS (n = 8). Participants repeated target words embedded in a carrier phrase. Kinematic data were recorded using electromagnetic articulography. Duration, displacement, peak speed, stiffness, time-to-peak speed, and parameter c were extracted for the initial lower lip opening stroke of each target word, which was either stressed or unstressed. Results Stress effects were significant for all kinematic measures across groups except for stiffness and time-to-peak speed, which were nonsignificant in ALS. For comparisons with controls, more kinematic measures significantly differed in the ALS group than in the PD and MS groups. Additionally, ALS and MS showed mostly similar articulatory impairment patterns. Conclusions In general, significant stress effects were observed in talkers with dysarthria. However, stress-specific between-group differences in articulatory performance, particularly displacement, may explain the perceptual impression of disturbed stress patterns. Furthermore, similar findings for ALS and MS suggest that articulatory deficits underlying similar stress pattern disturbances are not disease-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Michael de Riesthal
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Robin Jones
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Francesca Bagnato
- Neuroimaging Unit, Neuroimmunology Division, Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Antje Mefferd
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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16
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Rong P, Heidrick L. Spatiotemporal Control of Articulation During Speech and Speechlike Tasks in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:1382-1399. [PMID: 33630657 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the articulatory control of speech and speechlike tasks in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neurologically healthy individuals with the aim to identify the most useful set of articulatory features and tasks for assessing bulbar motor involvement in ALS. Method Tongue and jaw kinematics were recorded in 12 individuals with bulbar ALS and 10 healthy controls during a speech task and two speechlike tasks (i.e., alternating motion rate [AMR], sequential motion rate [SMR]). Eight articulatory features were derived for each participant per task, including the range, maximum speed, and acceleration time of tongue and jaw movements as well as the coupling and timing between tongue and jaw movements. The effects of task (i.e., AMR, SMR, speech) and group (i.e., ALS, control) on these articulatory features were evaluated. For each feature, the task that yielded the largest difference between the ALS and control groups was identified. The diagnostic efficacy of these task-specific features was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic analysis; the relation of these task-specific features to a well-established bulbar severity index-speaking rate-was determined using Spearman's rank correlation. Results Seven task-specific articulatory features were identified, including (a) tongue and jaw acceleration time during the AMR task, (b) tongue-jaw coupling during the SMR task, and (c) range of tongue movement, maximum tongue and jaw speed, and temporal lag between tongue and jaw movements during the speech task. Among these features, tongue and jaw acceleration time and their temporal lag showed relatively high accuracy (i.e., 0.83-0.95) in differentiating individuals with ALS from healthy controls. Range of tongue movement and maximum tongue and jaw speed showed significant correlations with speaking rate. Conclusion Findings provided preliminary evidence for the utility of task-specific articulatory measurements as a novel quantitative assessment to detect and predict bulbar motor involvement in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panying Rong
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences & Disorders, The University of Kansas, Lawrence
| | - Lindsey Heidrick
- Department of Hearing and Speech, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
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17
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Schalling E, Winkler H, Franzén E. HiCommunication as a novel speech and communication treatment for Parkinson's disease: A feasibility study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02150. [PMID: 33943030 PMCID: PMC8213924 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Speech and communication problems are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can result in social withdrawal and reduced quality of life. Intervention may improve symptoms but transfer and maintenance remain challenging for many. Access to treatment may also be limited. Group intervention incorporating principles for experience-dependent plasticity may address these challenges. The aim of this study was to develop and study feasibility aspects of a new intervention program for group training of speech and communication in people with PD. MATERIALS & METHODS Development and content of the program called HiCommunication is described. Core target areas are voice, articulation, word-finding and memory. Five participants with mild-moderate PD completed this feasibility trial. Attendance rate and possible adverse events as well as the participants' experiences were documented. A speech recording and dysarthria testing were completed to study feasibility of the assessment procedure and evaluate possible changes in voice sound level and intelligibility. RESULTS Attendance rate was 89%. No adverse events occurred. Participants reported a positive experience and limited fatigue. Assessment was completed in approximately 30 min and was well tolerated. Four of five participants had an increased voice sound level during text-reading postintervention and mean intelligibility improved. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that HiCommunication is feasible for people with mild-moderate PD. The program was appreciated and well tolerated. Positive outcomes regarding voice sound level and intelligibility were observed; however, the number of participants was very limited. The results motivate that effects of HiCommunication are further studied in a randomized controlled trial, which is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellika Schalling
- Division of Speech and Language Pathology, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Unit Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Winkler
- Medical Unit Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Levodopa-Based Changes on Vocalic Speech Movements during Prosodic Prominence Marking. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050594. [PMID: 34064356 PMCID: PMC8147761 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates speech changes in Parkinson’s disease on the acoustic and articulatory level with respect to prosodic prominence marking. To display movements of the underlying articulators, speech data from 16 patients with Parkinson’s disease were recorded using electromagnetic articulography. Speech tasks focused on strategies of prominence marking. Patients’ ability to encode prominence in the laryngeal and supra-laryngeal domain is tested in two conditions to examine the influence of motor performance on speech production further: without dopaminergic medication and with dopaminergic medication. The data reveal that patients with Parkinson’s disease are able to highlight important information in both conditions. They maintain prominence relations across- and within-accentuation by adjusting prosodic markers, such as vowel duration and pitch modulation, while the acoustic vowel space remains the same. For differentiating across-accentuation, not only intensity but also all temporal and spatial parameters related to the articulatory tongue body movements during the production of vowels are modulated to signal prominence. In response to the levodopa intake, gross motor performance improved significantly by 42%. The improvement in gross motor performance was accompanied by an improvement in speech motor performance in terms of louder speech and shorter, larger and faster tongue body movements. The tongue body is more agile under levodopa increase, a fact that is not necessarily detectable on the acoustic level but important for speech therapy.
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19
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Waito AA, Wehbe F, Marzouqah R, Barnett C, Shellikeri S, Cui C, Abrahao A, Zinman L, Green JR, Yunusova Y. Validation of Articulatory Rate and Imprecision Judgments in Speech of Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:137-149. [PMID: 33290086 PMCID: PMC8740582 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Perceptual judgments of articulatory function are commonly used by speech-language pathologists to evaluate articulatory performance in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties (e.g., reliability, validity) of these perceptual measures to inform their application as part of a comprehensive bulbar assessment tool in ALS. Method Preexisting data from 51 individuals with ALS were obtained from a larger longitudinal study. Five independent raters provided perceptual judgments of articulatory rate and imprecision in a sentence task. Inter- and intrarater reliability of these judgments were assessed. Perceptual ratings were correlated with an acoustic measure of articulatory rate, in syllables per second, obtained from passage-reading recordings. Both perceptual and acoustic measures were correlated with gold-standard kinematic tongue and jaw movement measures, recorded from sentences using electromagnetic articulography. Results The results revealed good inter- and intrarater reliability of perceptual judgments of articulatory function. Strong correlations were observed between perceptual ratings of articulatory rate and imprecision and acoustic measures of articulatory rate and kinematic measures of tongue speed. Conclusions These findings support the clinical application of perceptual judgments of articulatory function as valid and reliable measures of underlying articulatory changes in bulbar ALS. Additional research is needed to understand the responsiveness of these measures to clinical changes in articulatory function in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. Waito
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farah Wehbe
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reeman Marzouqah
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina Barnett
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjana Shellikeri
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia
| | - Cindy Cui
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- L. C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan R. Green
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA
- Speech and Hearing Biosciences and Technology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Yana Yunusova
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Eshghi M, Perry BJ, Richburg B, Ventresca HM, Pomahac B, Green JR. Neuromotor Speech Recovery Across Different Behavioral Speech Modifications in Individuals Following Facial Transplantation. Front Neurol 2021; 11:593153. [PMID: 33488496 PMCID: PMC7815523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.593153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite signs of facial nerve recovery within a few months following face transplantation, speech deficits persist for years. Behavioral speech modifications (e.g., slower-than-normal speaking rate and increased loudness) have shown promising potential to enhance speech intelligibility in populations with dysarthric speech. However, such evidence-based practice approach is lacking in clinical management of speech in individuals with facial transplantation. Because facial transplantation involves complex craniofacial reconstruction and facial nerve coaptation, it is unknown to what extent individuals with face transplant are capable of adapting their motor system to task-specific articulatory demands. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying articulatory mechanisms employed by individuals with face transplantation in response to speech modification cues at early and late stages of neuromotor recovery. In addition, we aimed to identify speech modifications that conferred improved speech clarity. Participants were seven individuals who underwent full or partial facial vascularized composite allografts that included lips and muscles of facial animation and were in early (~2 months) or late (~42 months) stages of recovery. Participants produced repetitions of the sentence “Buy Bobby a puppy” in normal, fast, loud, and slow speech modifications. Articulatory movement traces were recorded using a 3D optical motion capture system. Kinematic measures of average speed (mm/s) and range of movement (mm3) were extracted from the lower lip (± jaw) marker. Two speech language pathologists rated speech clarity for each speaker using a visual analog scale (VAS) approach. Results demonstrated that facial motor capacity increased from early to late stages of recovery. While individuals in the early group exhibited restricted capabilities to adjust their motor system based on the articulatory demands of each speech modification, individuals in the late group demonstrated faster speed and larger-than-normal range of movement for loud speech, and slower speed and larger-than-normal range of movement for slow speech. In addition, subjects in both groups showed overreliance on jaw rather than lip articulatory function across all speech modifications, perhaps as a compensatory strategy to optimize articulatory stability and maximize speech function. Finally, improved speech clarity was associated with loud speech in both stages of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziye Eshghi
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Profession, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bridget J Perry
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Profession, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian Richburg
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Profession, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hayden M Ventresca
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Profession, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordan R Green
- Speech and Feeding Disorders Lab, MGH Institute of Health Profession, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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Accuracy and Reliability of AG501 Articulograph for Mandibular Movement Analysis: A Quantitative Descriptive Study. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20216324. [PMID: 33171901 PMCID: PMC7664251 DOI: 10.3390/s20216324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) have been mostly employed to study articulatory movements of speech. This technology appears to be very promising for studying mandibular movements within the field of dentistry. However, there are no studies reporting the validity of EMA for such purpose. The aim of this study is to assess accuracy and reliability of Carstens three-dimensional EMA AG501 in order to validate its use for mandibular movement analysis in dentistry. A set of tests was conducted attaching 16 sensors to a rotating rigid structure placed inside the measurement area. Another set of tests were conducted using a mouth anatomical model with human-like articulatory behaviour. A function of the EMA system called “head correction” was applied to normalize the data of every recording. The system reliability was higher at the centre of the measurement area and decreased toward the edges. Dispersion was greater for raw data than for normalized data. Bland-Altman analysis of agreement between the AG501 and a millimetre ruler used to measure the distance between the sensors revealed limits of agreement between 0.5 mm and −0.9 mm. The results suggest that EMA AG501 is valid for three-dimensional analysis of mandibular biomechanics allowing natural movements.
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22
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Kuruvilla-Dugdale M, Salazar M, Zhang A, Mefferd AS. Detection of Articulatory Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: Can Systematic Manipulations of Phonetic Complexity Help? JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:2084-2098. [PMID: 32598198 PMCID: PMC7838836 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to determine the feasibility of using phonetic complexity manipulations as a way to systematically assess articulatory deficits in talkers with progressive dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD). Method Articulatory kinematics were recorded using three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography from 15 talkers with PD (58-84 years old) and 15 healthy controls (55-80 years old) while they produced target words embedded in a carrier phrase. Majority of the talkers with PD exhibited a relatively mild dysarthria. For stimuli selection, phonetic complexity was calculated for a variety of words using the framework proposed by Kent (1992), and six words representative of low, medium, and high phonetic complexity were selected as targets. Jaw, posterior tongue, and anterior tongue kinematic measures that were used to test for phonetic complexity effects included movement speed, cumulative path distance, movement range, movement duration, and spatiotemporal variability. Results Significantly smaller movements and slower movement speeds were evident in talkers with PD, predominantly for words with high phonetic complexity. The effect sizes of between-groups differences were larger for several jaw kinematic measures than those of the tongue. Discussion and Conclusion Findings suggest that systematic manipulations of phonetic complexity can support the detection of articulatory deficits in talkers with PD. Phonetic complexity should therefore be leveraged for the assessment of articulatory performance in talkers with progressive dysarthria. Future work will be directed toward linking speech kinematic and auditory-perceptual measures to determine the clinical significance of the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Salazar
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia
| | - Anqing Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Antje S. Mefferd
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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23
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Skrabal D, Tykalova T, Klempir J, Ruzicka E, Rusz J. Dysarthria enhancement mechanism under external clear speech instruction in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:905-914. [PMID: 32193733 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clear speech refers to intentionally modifying conversational speech to maximise intelligibility. This study aimed to compare the speech behaviour of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) under conversational and clear speech conditions to gain greater pathophysiological insight. A total of 68 participants including 17 PD, 17 MSA, 17 PSP and 17 healthy controls (HC) performed two readings of the same standardized passage. During the first reading, participants were instructed to read the text in an ordinary way, while during the second reading to read the text as clearly as possible. Acoustic analyses were based upon measurements of mean loudness, loudness variability, pitch variability, vowel articulation, articulation rate and speech severity. During clear speech production, PD patients were able to achieve improvements mainly in loudness (p < 0.05) and pitch variability (p < 0.001), leading to a reduction in overall speech severity (p < 0.001), whereas PSP and MSA patients were able to modulate only articulation rate (p < 0.05). Contrary to HC and PD groups, which slowed or maintained articulation rate, PSP and MSA groups employed a markedly faster articulation rate under the clear speech condition indicating an opposing approach to speech adaptation. Patients with atypical Parkinsonism showed a different strategy to intentionally improve their speech performance following a simple request to produce speech more clearly compared to PD, suggesting important therapeutic implications for speech rehabilitation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Skrabal
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Tykalova
- Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 166 27, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Klempir
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U nemocnice 3, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Ruzicka
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rusz
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 30, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Department of Circuit Theory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 166 27, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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24
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Lee J, Rodriguez E, Mefferd A. Direction-Specific Jaw Dysfunction and Its Impact on Tongue Movement in Individuals With Dysarthria Secondary to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:499-508. [PMID: 32074462 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The current study tested jaw movement characteristics and their impact on tongue movement for speech production in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Specifically, the study examined tongue and jaw movement in multiple directions during jaw opening and closing strokes in individuals with ALS and controls. Method Twenty-two individuals with ALS and 22 controls participated in the current study. Tongue and jaw movements during the production of the words "Iowa" and "Ohio" (produced in a carrier phrase) were recorded using electromagnetic articulography. Tongue and jaw distances were measured for jaw opening and closing strokes. Distance was measured in the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior dimensions (retraction, advancement, lowering, and raising). Results Findings revealed that individuals with ALS exaggerated their jaw opening movements, but not their jaw closing movements, compared to controls. Between the groups, a comparable tongue lowering distance was observed during jaw opening movements. In contrast, reduced tongue raising was observed during the jaw closing movements in individuals with ALS compared to controls. Conclusion The findings suggest that individuals with ALS produce excessive jaw opening movements in the absence of excessive jaw closing movements. The lack of excessive jaw closing movements results in reduced tongue raising in these individuals. Excessive jaw opening movements alone suggest a direction-specific jaw dysfunction. Future studies should examine whether excessive jaw raising can be facilitated and if it enhances tongue raising movement for speech production in individuals with dysarthria secondary to ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Lee
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Elizabeth Rodriguez
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Antje Mefferd
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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25
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Mefferd AS, Dietrich MS. Tongue- and Jaw-Specific Articulatory Underpinnings of Reduced and Enhanced Acoustic Vowel Contrast in Talkers With Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:2118-2132. [PMID: 31306611 PMCID: PMC6808361 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-msc18-18-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study sought to identify the articulator-specific mechanisms that underlie reduced and enhanced acoustic vowel contrast in talkers with dysarthria due to Parkinson's disease (PD). Method Seventeen talkers with mild-moderate dysarthria due to PD and 17 controls completed a sentence repetition task using typical, slow, loud, and clear speech. Tongue and jaw articulatory movements were recorded using 3D electromagnetic articulography. Independent tongue displacements, jaw displacements, and acoustic vowel contrast were calculated for the diphthong /aɪ/ embedded in the word kite. Results During typical speech, independent tongue displacement, but not jaw displacement, contributed significantly to the intertalker variance in acoustic vowel contrast. Loudness-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven in controls but driven by the tongue and jaw in talkers with PD. Further, in both groups, clarity-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly jaw driven. Finally, in both groups, rate-related acoustic vowel contrast gains were predominantly tongue driven; however, the jaw also contributed. These jaw contributions were greater in the PD group than in the control group. Conclusions Findings suggest that a tongue-specific articulatory impairment underlies acoustic vowel contrast deterioration in talkers with PD, at least during the early stages of speech decline. Findings further suggest that slow speech engages the impaired tongue more than loud and clear speech in talkers with PD. However, slow speech was also associated with an abnormally strong jaw response in these talkers, which suggests that a compensatory articulatory behavior may also be elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje S. Mefferd
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Mary S. Dietrich
- Department of Biostatistics and School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Kearney E, Haworth B, Scholl J, Faloutsos P, Baljko M, Yunusova Y. Treating Speech Movement Hypokinesia in Parkinson's Disease: Does Movement Size Matter? JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2018; 61:2703-2721. [PMID: 30383207 PMCID: PMC6693569 DOI: 10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluates the effects of a novel speech therapy program that uses a verbal cue and gamified augmented visual feedback regarding tongue movements to address articulatory hypokinesia during speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method Five participants with PD participated in an ABA single-subject design study. The treatment aimed to increase tongue movement size using a combination of a verbal cue and augmented visual feedback and was conducted in 10 45-min sessions over 5 weeks. The presence of visual feedback was manipulated during treatment. Articulatory working space of the tongue was the primary outcome measure and was examined during treatment and in cued and uncued sentences pre- and posttreatment. Changes in speech intelligibility in response to a verbal cue pre- and posttreatment were also examined. Results During treatment, 4/5 participants showed a beneficial effect of visual feedback on tongue articulatory working space. At the end of the treatment, they used larger tongue movements when cued, relative to their pretreatment performance. None of the participants, however, generalized the effect to the uncued sentences. Speech intelligibility of cued sentences was judged as superior posttreatment only in a single participant. Conclusions This study demonstrated that using an augmented visual feedback approach is beneficial, beyond a verbal cue alone, in addressing articulatory hypokinesia in individuals with PD. An optimal degree of articulatory expansion might, however, be required to elicit a speech intelligibility benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Kearney
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network—Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon Haworth
- University Health Network—Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Scholl
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network—Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Petros Faloutsos
- University Health Network—Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Baljko
- University Health Network—Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yana Yunusova
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network—Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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