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Raabe HA, Costin GE, Allen DG, Lowit A, Corvaro M, O'Dell L, Breeden-Alemi J, Page K, Perron M, Flint Silva T, Westerink W, Baker E, Sullivan K. Human relevance of in vivo and in vitro skin irritation tests for hazard classification of pesticides. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39180341 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2387596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Background: Test methods to inform hazard characterization and labeling of pesticides to protect human health are typically conducted using laboratory animals, and for skin irritation/corrosion the rabbit Draize test is currently required by many regulatory agencies. Although the Draize test is generally regarded to provide protective classifications for human health, new approach methodologies (NAMs) have been developed that offer more human relevant models that circumvent the uncertainty associated with species differences that exist between rabbits and humans. Despite wide applicability and use of these test methods across a broad range of chemicals, they have not been widely adopted for testing pesticides and pesticidal formulations. One of the barriers to adoption of these methods in this sector is low concordance with results from the Draize rabbit test, particularly for chemicals within the mild to moderate irritation spectrum. Methods: This review compares and contrasts the extent to which available models used in skin irritation testing mimic the anatomy and physiology of human skin, and how each aligns with the known key events leading to chemically-induced adverse skin irritation and corrosion. Doing so fully characterizes the human relevance of each method. Results: As alternatives to the rabbit Draize test, several protocols using ex vivo, in chemico, and in vitro skin models are available as internationally harmonized test guidelines. These methods rely on a variety of models of human skin, including excised rodent skin, synthetic biochemical models of barrier function, cell culture systems, and reconstructed human tissue models. We find these models exhibit biological and mechanistic relevance aligned with human skin irritation responses. Further, recent retrospective analyses have shown that the reproducibility of the Draize test is less than 50% for mild and moderate responses, with many of the replicate predictions spanning more than one category (e.g., a moderate response reported in one study followed by a non-irritant response reported in another study). Conclusions: Based on this comparative evaluation, we recommend top-down and bottom-up testing strategies that use the most human relevant in vitro test methods for skin irritation and corrosion classification of pesticides and pesticide formulations. To further discriminate among mild and non-irritant formulations, optimization of a cytokine release protocol and subsequent analyses of reference formulation test results is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans A Raabe
- Institute for In Vitro Sciences, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Lowit
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Baker
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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Brown M, Williams A, Chilcott RP, Brady B, Lenn J, Evans C, Allen L, McAuley WJ, Beebeejaun M, Haslinger J, Beuttel C, Vieira R, Guidali F, Miranda M. Topically Applied Therapies for the Treatment of Skin Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:689-790. [PMID: 38914467 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize essential biological, pharmaceutical, and clinical aspects in the field of topically applied medicines that may help scientists when trying to develop new topical medicines. After a brief history of topical drug delivery, a review of the structure and function of the skin and routes of drug absorption and their limitations is provided. The most prevalent diseases and current topical treatment approaches are then detailed, the organization of which reflects the key disease categories of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, microbial infections, skin cancers, and genetic skin diseases. The complexity of topical product development through to large-scale manufacturing along with recommended risk mitigation approaches are then highlighted. As such topical treatments are applied externally, patient preferences along with the challenges they invoke are then described, and finally the future of this field of drug delivery is discussed, with an emphasis on areas that are more likely to yield significant improvements over the topical medicines in current use or would expand the range of medicines and diseases treatable by this route of administration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review of the key aspects of the skin and its associated diseases and current treatments along with the intricacies of topical formulation development should be helpful in making judicious decisions about the development of new or improved topical medicines. These aspects include the choices of the active ingredients, formulations, the target patient population's preferences, limitations, and the future with regard to new skin diseases and topical medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brown
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Adrian Williams
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Robert P Chilcott
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Brendan Brady
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Jon Lenn
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Charles Evans
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Lynn Allen
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - William J McAuley
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Mubinah Beebeejaun
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Jasmin Haslinger
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Claire Beuttel
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Raquel Vieira
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Florencia Guidali
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Margarida Miranda
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
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Boschi F, Negri A, Conti A, Bernardi P, Chirumbolo S, Sbarbati A. The human dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) morphology: A multimodal imaging approach. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152289. [PMID: 38848928 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in humans can be characterized as a relaxed dermal skin compartment consisting of functionally interlinked adipocytes. dWAT is typically discerned both in terms of morphology and function from subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). In particular in human thigh, the dWAT appears as thin extensions from the adipose panniculus to the dermis, and it is primarily associated with pilosebaceous units, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and erector pili muscles. In this work, human fat tissue samples obtained post-mortem from the gluteo-femoral region were analyzed focusing on the thin extensions of dWAT named dermal cones. This anatomical region was chosen to deepen the dWAT morphological features of this site which is interesting both for clinical applications and genetical studies. The purpose of this exploratory methodological study was to gain deeper insights into the morphological features of human dWAT through a multimodal imaging approach. METHODS Optical microscopy, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), have been employed in this study. The cones' length and their distances were measured on the acquired images for optical microscopy and SEM. The cone's apparent regular distribution in MRI images was evaluated using a mathematical criterion, the conformity ratio, which is the ratio of the mean nearest-neighbor distance to its standard deviation. RESULTS The imaging techniques revealed white adipocytes forming a layer, referred to as sWAT, with cones measuring nearly 2 mm in size measured on SEM and Optical images (2.1 ± 0.4 mm), with the lower part embedded in the sWAT and the upper part extending into the dermis. The distance between the cones results about 1 mm measured on MRI images and they show an overall semiregular distribution. CONCLUSIONS MRI images demonstrated an orderly arrangement of cones, and their 3D reconstruction allowed to elucidate the dermal cones' disposition in the tissue sample and a more general comprehensive visualization of the entire fat structure within the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Boschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Negri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Anita Conti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy
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Samain-Aupic L, Dione M, Ribot-Ciscar E, Ackerley R, Aimonetti JM. Relations between tactile sensitivity of the finger, arm, and cheek skin over the lifespan showing decline only on the finger. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1387136. [PMID: 39015473 PMCID: PMC11250473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1387136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Touch sensitivity generally declines with age, contributing to loss of manual dexterity and tactile function. We investigated how touch changes over the lifespan, using different tests and on three body sites. We used a classical test of force detection sensitivity, where calibrated monofilaments were applied passively to the right index finger pad, forearm, and cheek. In addition, at the index, we used an active touch spatial discrimination task, developed by our group. Spatial discrimination was estimated through participants' ability to evaluate the distance between parallel bands printed on acrylic plates. Data were collected from 96 healthy women, aged 20-75 years. Force detection and tactile spatial discrimination on the index deteriorated significantly with age; however, no change was found for tactile detection on the forearm or cheek. Tactile detection on the cheek remained remarkably highly sensitive throughout life. There was a significant positive relationship between force detection and spatial discrimination on the index. Further, force detection on the forearm was significantly associated with detection on the index and cheek. Our results suggest a decrease in touch perception with age on the index finger pad, yet a preservation of tactile sensitivity in hairy skin. This opens discussion about the impact of daily activities upon the glabrous hand skin and on the function of hairs in tactile sensitivity. We highlight the need for new methods in evaluating tactile sensitivity on hairy skin.
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Wei Q, An Y, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang J. Three-dimensional bioprinting of tissue-engineered skin: Biomaterials, fabrication techniques, challenging difficulties, and future directions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131281. [PMID: 38641503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging new manufacturing technology, Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting provides the potential for the biomimetic construction of multifaceted and intricate architectures of functional integument, particularly functional biomimetic dermal structures inclusive of cutaneous appendages. Although the tissue-engineered skin with complete biological activity and physiological functions is still cannot be manufactured, it is believed that with the advances in matrix materials, molding process, and biotechnology, a new generation of physiologically active skin will be born in the future. In pursuit of furnishing readers and researchers involved in relevant research to have a systematic and comprehensive understanding of 3D printed tissue-engineered skin, this paper furnishes an exegesis on the prevailing research landscape, formidable obstacles, and forthcoming trajectories within the sphere of tissue-engineered skin, including: (1) the prevalent biomaterials (collagen, chitosan, agarose, alginate, etc.) routinely employed in tissue-engineered skin, and a discerning analysis and comparison of their respective merits, demerits, and inherent characteristics; (2) the underlying principles and distinguishing attributes of various current printing methodologies utilized in tissue-engineered skin fabrication; (3) the present research status and progression in the realm of tissue-engineered biomimetic skin; (4) meticulous scrutiny and summation of the extant research underpinning tissue-engineered skin inform the identification of prevailing challenges and issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Yalong An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Versteeg N, Wellauer V, Wittenwiler S, Aerenhouts D, Clarys P, Clijsen R. Short-term cutaneous vasodilatory and thermosensory effects of topical methyl salicylate. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1347196. [PMID: 38706945 PMCID: PMC11066213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1347196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methyl salicylate, the main compound of wintergreen oil, is widely used in topical applications. However, its vascular and thermosensory effects are not fully understood. The primary aim was to investigate the effects of topical methyl salicylate on skin temperature (Tskin), skin microcirculation (MCskin) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) compared to a placebo gel. The secondary aim was to assess thermosensory responses (thermal sensation, thermal comfort) and to explore to which extent these sensations correspond to the physiological responses over time. Methods 21 healthy women (22.2 ± 2.9 years) participated in this single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Custom-made natural wintergreen oil (12.9%), containing methyl salicylate (>99%) and a placebo gel, 1 g each, were applied simultaneously to two paravertebral skin areas (5 cm × 10 cm, Th4-Th7). Tskin (infrared thermal imaging), MCskin (laser speckle contrast imaging) and SmO2 (deep tissue oxygenation monitoring) and thermosensation (Likert scales) were assessed at baseline (BL) and at 5-min intervals during a 45 min post-application period (T0-T45). Results Both gels caused an initial decrease in Tskin, with Tskin(min) at T5 for both methyl salicylate (BL-T5: Δ-3.36°C) and placebo (BL-T5: Δ-3.90°C), followed by a gradual increase (p < .001). Methyl salicylate gel resulted in significantly higher Tskin than placebo between T5 and T40 (p < .05). For methyl salicylate, MCskin increased, with MCskin(max) at T5 (BL-T5: Δ88.7%). For placebo, MCskin decreased (BL-T5: Δ-17.5%), with significantly lower values compared to methyl salicylate between T0 and T45 (p < .05). Both gels had minimal effects on SmO2, with no significant differences between methyl salicylate and placebo (p > .05). Thermal sensation responses to topical methyl salicylate ranged from "cool" to "hot", with more intense sensations reported at T5. Discussion The findings indicate that topical methyl salicylate induces short-term cutaneous vasodilation, but it may not enhance skeletal muscle blood flow. This study highlights the complex sensory responses to its application, which may be based on the short-term modulation of thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninja Versteeg
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RESlab), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wellauer
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RESlab), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Selina Wittenwiler
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RESlab), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Aerenhouts
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Clarys
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ron Clijsen
- Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Laboratory (RESlab), Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland
- Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland
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Alorainy M, Buchanan K, Nussinow T, Rabinowitz JB, Cyr P, Seiverling EV. A Systematic Review of Diagnoses with Rosettes Under Dermoscopy. Dermatol Pract Concept 2024; 14:dpc.1402a125. [PMID: 38810026 PMCID: PMC11135967 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1402a125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rosettes are a cluster of shiny white dots in the shape of a four-leaf clover seen under polarized dermoscopic light. Historically, rosettes were primarily reported in actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma. However, rosettes have also been reported in other conditions. OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review to elucidate the breadth of diagnoses exhibiting this unique dermoscopic phenomenon. METHODS A review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science, as well as a manual search of the reference lists of screened articles. RESULTS A total of 73 articles met the inclusion criteria. Out of these, 47 distinct diagnoses with rosette were identified. Among neoplastic conditions, keratinizing neoplasms had the highest number of articles reported (N = 19). Discoid lupus was the most commonly reported diagnosis within the inflammatory category (N = 6). Molluscum contagiosum was the predominant diagnosis among infectious entities (N = 3), while acroangiodermatitis was the sole diagnosis reported in the vascular category (N = 1). CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm rosettes are not specific to keratinocytic growths and are observed in a wide range of conditions. Knowledge of the breadth of conditions with rosettes may aid clinicians when developing a differential diagnosis of a growth or an eruption with rosettes under dermoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Alorainy
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kendall Buchanan
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Department of Dermatology, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tyler Nussinow
- University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, Maine, USA
| | - Judy B. Rabinowitz
- Hirsh Health Science Library, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peggy Cyr
- Maine Medical Center, Department of Family Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Bejaoui M, Heah WY, Oliva Mizushima AK, Nakajima M, Yamagishi H, Yamamoto Y, Isoda H. Keratin Microspheres as Promising Tool for Targeting Follicular Growth. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1513-1525. [PMID: 38354359 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the body barrier that constrains the infiltration of particles and exogenous aggression, in which the hair follicle plays an important role. Recent studies have shown that small particles can penetrate the skin barrier and reach the hair follicle, making them a potential avenue for delivering hair growth-related substances. Interestingly, keratin-based microspheres are widely used as drug delivery carriers in various fields. In this current study, we pursue the effect of newly synthesized 3D spherical keratin particles on inducing hair growth in C57BL/6 male mice and in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells. The microspheres were created from partially sulfonated, water-soluble keratin. The keratin microspheres swelled in water to form spherical gels, which were used for further experiments. Following topical application for a period of 20 days, we observed a regrowth of hair in the previously depleted area on the dorsal part of the mice in the keratin microsphere group. This observation was accompanied by the regulation of hair-growth-related pathways as well as changes in markers associated with epidermal cells, keratin, and collagen. Interestingly, microsphere keratin treatment enhanced the cell proliferation and the expression of hair growth markers in dermal papilla cells. Based on our data, we propose that 3D spherical keratin has the potential to specifically target hair follicle growth and can be employed as a carrier for promoting hair growth-related agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Research & Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wey Yih Heah
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
- MyQtech Inc., Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Aprill Kee Oliva Mizushima
- Research & Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- MED R&D Co. Ltd., Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
- MyQtech Inc., Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Research & Development Center for Tailor-Made QOL Program, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- MED R&D Co. Ltd., Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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9
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Ranjan A, Duryodhan VS, Patil ND. A comparative study of passive drug diffusion through human skin via intercellular and sweat duct route: effect of aging. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01529-6. [PMID: 38363485 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A method of drug delivery that could provide control over medicine reaching the bloodstream for systemic circulation would be of immense importance. This work presents a comparative study of the temporal and spatial variation of drugs diffusing passively through two separate routes of human skin, namely intercellular (ICR) and sweat duct route (SDR). An analysis is carried out for two age groups (young < 40 years and old > 60 years of age). Governing equations based on Fick's law for mass transfer have been solved numerically using an in-house developed code. The code has been validated thoroughly with numerical and experimental work from the literature. Each skin route is modeled into three compartments sandwiched between the donor and receiver compartments. To understand the role of diffusion and partition coefficient on drug permeation, four drugs, namely hydrocortisone, trans-cinnamic acid, caffeine, and benzoic acid, are considered. The drug diffusion rate is found greater through ICR as compared to SDR. Further, the amount of drugs diffusing through both routes increases with age. Desirable drug characteristic is inferred to be a lower value of partition coefficient and a higher value of diffusion coefficient. This study could lead to real-time assessment of drugs reaching the bloodstream and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ranjan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Bhilai, 491001, India
| | - Vijay S Duryodhan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Bhilai, 491001, India
| | - Nagesh D Patil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Bioscience & Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai, Bhilai, 491001, India.
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10
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Tonnis K, Jaworska J, Kasting GB. Modeling the percutaneous absorption of solvent-deposited solids over a wide dose range: II. Weak electrolytes. J Control Release 2024; 365:435-447. [PMID: 37996054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dermal absorption of weak electrolytes applied to skin from pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions is an important consideration for both their efficacy and skin safety. We developed a mechanistic, physics-based framework that simulates this process for leave on applications following solvent deposition. We incorporated this framework into our finite dose computational skin permeation model previously tested with nonelectrolytes to generate quantitative predictions for weak electrolytes. To test the model, we analyzed experimental data from an in vitro human skin permeation study of a weak acid (benzoic acid) and a weak base (propranolol) and their sodium and hydrochloride salts from simple, ethanol/water vehicles as a function of dose and ionization state. Key factors controlling absorption are the pH and buffer capacity of the dose solution, the dissolution rate of precipitated solids into a lipid boundary layer and the rate of conversion of the deposited solid to its conjugate form as the nonionized component permeates and (sometimes) evaporates from the skin surface. The resulting framework not only describes the current test data but has the potential to predict the absorption of other weak electrolytes following topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tonnis
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Data and Modeling Sciences, Brussels Innovation Center, Belgium
| | - Gerald B Kasting
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
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11
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Bouchatta O, Brodzki M, Manouze H, Carballo GB, Kindström E, de-Faria FM, Yu H, Kao AR, Thorell O, Liljencrantz J, Ng KKW, Frangos E, Ragnemalm B, Saade D, Bharucha-Goebel D, Szczot I, Moore W, Terejko K, Cole J, Bonnemann C, Luo W, Mahns DA, Larsson M, Gerling GJ, Marshall AG, Chesler AT, Olausson H, Nagi SS, Szczot M. PIEZO2-dependent rapid pain system in humans and mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569650. [PMID: 38168273 PMCID: PMC10760115 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The PIEZO2 ion channel is critical for transducing light touch into neural signals but is not considered necessary for transducing acute pain in humans. Here, we discovered an exception - a form of mechanical pain evoked by hair pulling. Based on observations in a rare group of individuals with PIEZO2 deficiency syndrome, we demonstrated that hair-pull pain is dependent on PIEZO2 transduction. Studies in control participants showed that hair-pull pain triggered a distinct nocifensive response, including a nociceptive reflex. Observations in rare Aβ deafferented individuals and nerve conduction block studies in control participants revealed that hair-pull pain perception is dependent on Aβ input. Single-unit axonal recordings revealed that a class of cooling-responsive myelinated nociceptors in human skin is selectively tuned to painful hair-pull stimuli. Further, we pharmacologically mapped these nociceptors to a specific transcriptomic class. Finally, using functional imaging in mice, we demonstrated that in a homologous nociceptor, Piezo2 is necessary for high-sensitivity, robust activation by hair-pull stimuli. Together, we have demonstrated that hair-pulling evokes a distinct type of pain with conserved behavioral, neural, and molecular features across humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmane Bouchatta
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marek Brodzki
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Houria Manouze
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gabriela B. Carballo
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emma Kindström
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Felipe M. de-Faria
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Huasheng Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anika R. Kao
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Oumie Thorell
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jaquette Liljencrantz
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin K. W. Ng
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Frangos
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bengt Ragnemalm
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dimah Saade
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Diana Bharucha-Goebel
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Ilona Szczot
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Warren Moore
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Katarzyna Terejko
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Biology of Astrocytes Research Group, Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan Cole
- University Hospitals, Dorset, and University of Bournemouth, UK
| | - Carsten Bonnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Wenquin Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David A. Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Max Larsson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gregory J. Gerling
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Andrew G. Marshall
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexander T. Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Håkan Olausson
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Saad S. Nagi
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Senior author
| | - Marcin Szczot
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Senior author
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12
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Labuda C, Lawler BC, Hoffmeister BK, Harbert SC, Viano AM, Myat PSM. Ultrasonic Characterization of Human Scalp. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:2489-2496. [PMID: 37716831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ultrasonic properties of scalp may be relevant to a variety of applications including transcranial ultrasound. However, there is no information about the ultrasonic properties of scalp available in the literature. While ultrasonic studies of skin from other anatomic regions have been previously reported, scalp tissue is generally thicker with a higher density of hair follicles, blood vessels and sebaceous glands. Thus, it is unknown if the ultrasonic properties of scalp are similar to skin from other regions. The goal of this study was to measure the ultrasonic properties of human scalp. METHODS Pulse-echo measurements were performed with a 7.5 MHz ultrasound transducer to determine the speed of sound (SOS), frequency slope of attenuation (FSA) and integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) of 32 specimens of formalin-fixed human scalp from four donors. RESULTS The means ± standard deviations for these three ultrasonic quantities measured in the frequency range 2.83-7.74 MHz over all specimens were SOS = 1525 ± 16.92 m/s, FSA = 2.59 ± 0.724 dB/cm/MHz and IBC = 0.122 ± 0.0746 cm-1 Sr-1. CONCLUSION These values are comparable to reported values for human skin from other parts of the body, but some differences in SOS and IBC exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecille Labuda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Ann M Viano
- Department of Physics, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA
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13
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Hamadeh A, Najjar A, Troutman J, Edginton A. Enhancement of Skin Permeability Prediction through PBPK Modeling, Bayesian Inference, and Experiment Design. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2667. [PMID: 38140008 PMCID: PMC10747907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of skin absorption are a powerful resource for estimating drug delivery and chemical risk of dermatological products. This paper presents a PBPK workflow for the quantification of the mechanistic determinants of skin permeability and the use of these quantities in the prediction of skin absorption in novel contexts. A state-of-the-art mechanistic model of dermal absorption was programmed into an open-source modeling framework. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the uncertain compound-specific, individual-specific, and site-specific model parameters that impact permeability. A Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was employed to derive distributions of these parameters given in vitro experimental permeability measurements. Extrapolations to novel contexts were generated by simulating the model following its update with samples drawn from the learned distributions as well as parameters that represent the intended scenario. This algorithm was applied multiple times, each using a unique set of permeability measurements sourced under experimental contexts that differ in terms of the compound, vehicle pH, skin sample anatomical site, and the number of compounds under which each subject's skin samples were tested. Among the data sets used in this study, the highest accuracy and precision in the extrapolated permeability was achieved in those that include measurements conducted under multiple vehicle pH levels and in which individual subjects' skin samples are tested under multiple compounds. This work thus identifies factors for consideration in the design of experiments for the purpose of training dermal models to robustly estimate drug delivery and chemical risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hamadeh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada;
- Systems In Silico Ltd., Waterloo, ON N2K 0B5, Canada
| | | | | | - Andrea Edginton
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, ON N2G 1C5, Canada;
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14
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Correia M, Lopes J, Lopes D, Melero A, Makvandi P, Veiga F, Coelho JFJ, Fonseca AC, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanotechnology-based techniques for hair follicle regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122348. [PMID: 37866013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a multicellular complex structure of the skin that contains a reservoir of multipotent stem cells. Traditional hair repair methods such as drug therapies, hair transplantation, and stem cell therapy have limitations. Advances in nanotechnology offer new approaches for HF regeneration, including controlled drug release and HF-specific targeting. Until recently, embryogenesis was thought to be the only mechanism for forming hair follicles. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) or de novo HF regeneration has gained attention as it can occur under certain conditions in wound beds. This review covers HF-specific targeting strategies, with particular emphasis on currently used nanotechnology-based strategies for both hair loss-related diseases and HF regeneration. HF regeneration is discussed in several modalities: modulation of the hair cycle, stimulation of progenitor cells and signaling pathways, tissue engineering, WIHN, and gene therapy. The HF has been identified as an ideal target for nanotechnology-based strategies for hair regeneration. However, some regulatory challenges may delay the development of HF regeneration nanotechnology based-strategies, which will be lastly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Correia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia (Campus de Burjassot), Av. Vicente A. Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fonseca
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Schmidt D, Schlee G, Milani TL, Germano AMC. Vertical contact forces affect vibration perception in human hairy skin. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15952. [PMID: 37692116 PMCID: PMC10484200 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin is the largest organ of the human body and fulfills many important functions, like detecting mechanical stimuli. Skin can be divided into glabrous (non-hairy) and hairy skin. These two skin types differ with regard to their mechanical properties and in the distribution of mechanoreceptors. Although many investigations focus on glabrous skin, hairy skin still plays a fundamental role in various activities, e.g., with regard to the perception of pleasantness or for developing wearable vibrotactile devices for pattern recognition in persons with disabilities. Unfortunately, investigations on influencing factors, like vertical contactor force, are scarce for hairy skin. Similarly, it would also be interesting to investigate whether regional vibratory sensitivity differences are present across the human torso. Hence, this study investigated the effects of vertical contactor forces and different anatomical locations on vibration perception. Four anatomical torso regions were studied. Based on findings in glabrous skin, we generally hypothesized improved vibration perception with increasing contactor forces and regional sensitivity differences between the anatomical locations. Methods Forty young and healthy individuals participated (23.0 ± 2.0 yrs), and vibration perception thresholds (VPTs) were determined at 30 Hz for three vertical force levels (0.6, 2.4, and 4.8 N) at four torso locations (sternum, deltoid/shoulder, lower back, middle lateral torso side). Results Higher contactor forces resulted in lower VPTs corresponding to improved vibration perception, regardless of anatomical location. In addition, the sternum region was more sensitive than the remaining three regions, regardless of force level. The reasons for these findings may be a varying number and activation pattern of afferents activated under the different conditions. The findings of this study complement the understanding of vibrotactile sensitivity in hairy skin and may offer implications when developing vibrotactile devices or clothing/textiles, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schmidt
- Motor Control, Cognition, and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany
| | - Guenther Schlee
- Biophysics and Human Performance Lab, W.L. Gore and Associates, Putzbrunn, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Thomas L. Milani
- Department of Human Locomotion, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany
| | - Andresa M. C. Germano
- Motor Control, Cognition, and Neurophysiology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany
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Zhang Y, Gong S, Liu L, Shen H, Liu E, Pan L, Gao N, Chen R, Huang Y. Cyclodextrin-Coordinated Liposome-in-Gel for Transcutaneous Quercetin Delivery for Psoriasis Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40228-40240. [PMID: 37584330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is difficult to treat. Quercetin (QT) is a dietary flavonoid known for its anti-inflammatory effects and safe use in humans. However, the topical application of quercetin for psoriasis treatment presents a significant challenge due to its poor water solubility and low stability in semisolid preparations, where it tends to recrystallize. This work presents a novel liposome-in-gel formulation for the quercetin-based topical treatment of psoriasis. The quercetin-loading liposomes are stabilized by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), which interacts with phospholipids via hydrogen bonding to form a layer of an HPCD coating on the liposome interface, thus resulting in improved stability. Various analytical techniques, such as FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM, were used to characterize the molecular coordination patterns between cyclodextrin and liposomes. The results demonstrated that HPCD assisted the liposomes in interfacing with the matrix lipids and keratins of the stratum corneum, thereby enhancing skin permeability and promoting drug penetration and retention in the skin. The in vivo results showed that the topical QT HPCD-liposome-in-gel improved the treatment efficacy of psoriatic plaque compared to free QT. It alleviated the symptoms of skin thickening and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-1β. The results suggested that the HPCD-coordinated liposome-in-gel system could be a stable carrier for topical QT therapy with good potential in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Shuqing Gong
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huan Shen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ergang Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Li Pan
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Nan Gao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Rongli Chen
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Konina K, Freeman TA, Kushner MJ. Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of skin: penetration into hair follicles. PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 32:085020. [PMID: 37654601 PMCID: PMC10466460 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/acef59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Sterilization of skin prior to surgery is challenged by the reservoir of bacteria that resides in hair follicles. Atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) have been proposed as a method to treat and deactivate these bacteria as atmospheric plasmas are able to penetrate into structures and crevices with dimensions similar to those found in hair follicles. In this paper, we discuss results from a computational investigation of an APPJ sustained in helium flowing into ambient air, and incident onto a layered dielectric similar to human skin in which there are idealized hair follicles. We found that, depending on the location of the follicle, the bulk ionization wave (IW) incident onto the skin, or the surface IW on the skin, are able to launch IWs into the follicle. The uniformity of treatment of the follicle depends on the location of the first entry of the plasma into the follicle on the top of the skin. Typically, only one side of the follicle is treated on for a given plasma pulse, with uniform treatment resulting from rastering the plasma jet across the follicle over many pulses. Plasma treatment of the follicle is sensitive to the angle of the follicle with respect to the skin, width of the follicle pocket, conductivity of the dermis and thickness of the underlying subcutaneous fat layer, the latter due to the change in capacitance of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Konina
- Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences Department, University of Michigan, 2355 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2104, United States of America
| | - Theresa A Freeman
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Mark J Kushner
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, United States of America
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18
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Salas T, Bordes C, Arquier D, Caillier L, Mandica F, Bolzinger MA. Effect of massage on retinol skin penetration. Int J Pharm 2023:123106. [PMID: 37279867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Topical administration of active substances may be promoted by optimizing not only the vehicle formulation but also the application protocol. The formulation aspects are widely studied in the literature while a few works are dedicated to the development of application methods. In this context, we studied an application protocol usable as a part of skincare routine by investigating the effect of massage on the skin penetration of retinol. Retinol is a lipophilic molecule widely used as an anti-ageing firming agent in cosmetic formulations. Massage was applied to pig skin explants mounted to Franz diffusion cells after or before the deposit of the retinol-loaded formulation. Thetype of skin massage (roll or rotary type) and its duration were varied.The massage protocol had a significant influence on retinol skin penetration. Due to its highly lipophilic character, retinol accumulated into the stratum corneum but, depending on the massage protocol, a significant retinol concentration was obtained after 4 hours in epidermis and dermis layers. Results showed that the roll-type massage was significantly more efficient than the rotary process that exhibited little effect on retinol cutaneous penetration. Such results could be interesting for the development of massage devices in association with cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffanie Salas
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, Laboratoire D'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP), 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France; Groupe SEB, Campus SEB, 112, Chemin Du Moulin Carron, Ecully, France.
| | - Claire Bordes
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, Laboratoire D'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP), 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Delphine Arquier
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, Laboratoire D'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP), 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Caillier
- Groupe SEB, Campus SEB, 112, Chemin Du Moulin Carron, Ecully, France
| | - Franck Mandica
- Groupe SEB, Campus SEB, 112, Chemin Du Moulin Carron, Ecully, France
| | - Marie-Alexandrine Bolzinger
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, Laboratoire D'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP), 43 Bd Du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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19
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Bizley SC, Dudhia J, Smith RKW, Williams AC. Transdermal drug delivery in horses: An in vitro comparison of skin structure and permeation of two model drugs at various anatomical sites. Vet Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 37185892 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral and parenteral drug delivery in horses can be difficult. Equine-specific transdermal drug formulations offer improved ease of treatment; development of such formulations requires a deeper understanding of the structural and chemical tissue barrier of horse skin. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare the structural composition and barrier properties of equine skin. ANIMALS Six warmblood horses (two males, four females) with no skin diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Routine histological and microscopic analyses were carried out with image analysis for skin from six different anatomical locations. In vitro drug permeation was analysed using a standard Franz diffusion cell protocol coupled with reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography detailing flux, lag times and tissue partitioning ratios of two model drug compounds. RESULTS Epidermal and dermal thicknesses varied between sites. The dermal and epidermal thicknesses of the croup were 1764 ± 115 μm and 36 ± 3.6 μm, respectively, and were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the inner thigh thicknesses which were 824 ± 35 μm and 49 ± 3.6 μm. Follicular density and size also varied. The highest flux for the model hydrophilic molecule (caffeine) was for the flank (3.22 ± 0.36 μg/cm2 /h), while that for the lipophilic molecule (ibuprofen) was for the inner thigh (0.12 ± 0.02 μg/cm2 /h). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Anatomical location differences in equine skin structure and small molecule permeability were demonstrated. These results can aid in the development of transdermal therapies for horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Bizley
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Roger K W Smith
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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20
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Abstract
Pathological hair loss (also known as alopecia) and shortage of hair follicle (HF) donors have posed an urgent requirement for HF regeneration. With the revelation of mechanisms in tissue engineering, the proliferation of HFs in vitro has achieved more promising trust for the treatments of alopecia and other skin impairments. Theoretically, HF organoids have great potential to develop into native HFs and attachments such as sweat glands after transplantation. However, since the rich extracellular matrix (ECM) deficiency, the induction characteristics of skin-derived cells gradually fade away along with their trichogenic capacity after continuous cell passaging in vitro. Therefore, ECM-mimicking support is an essential prelude before HF transplantation is implemented. This review summarizes the status of providing various epidermal and dermal cells with a three-dimensional (3D) scaffold to support the cell homeostasis and better mimic in vivo environments for the sake of HF regeneration. HF-relevant cells including dermal papilla cells (DPCs), hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to be induced to form HF organoids in the vitro culture system. The niche microenvironment simulated by different forms of biomaterial scaffold can offer the cells a network of ordered growth environment to alleviate inductivity loss and promote the expression of functional proteins. The scaffolds often play the role of ECM substrates and bring about epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) through coculture to ensure the functional preservation of HF cells during in vitro passage. Functional HF organoids can be formed either before or after transplantation into the dermis layer. Here, we review and emphasize the importance of 3D culture in HF regeneration in vitro. Finally, the latest progress in treatment trials and critical analysis of the properties and benefits of different emerging biomaterials for HF regeneration along with the main challenges and prospects of HF regenerative approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai 201306, China
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21
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Zhang Y, Pan W, Wang D, Wang H, Hou Y, Zou M, Piao H. Solid-in-oil nanodispersion as a novel topical transdermal delivery to enhance stability and skin permeation and retention of hydrophilic drugs l-ascorbic acid. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 185:82-93. [PMID: 36791884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
l-ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, VC) is the most abundant antioxidant in human skin. But its poor penetration into the skin and unstability limit the application. The aim of the study was to promote the topical skin permeation and retention of VC, increase the stability as well as effectiveness by a novel solid in oil nanodispersion. In the nanodispersions system, nano-sized particles of hydrophilic molecules are dispersed in an oil vehicle with the assistance of hydrophobic surfactants. The optimized formula composed of O170 and S1570 (12.5:1, w/w) showed high EE% of 98% and good stability. FTIR analysis confirmed that there may be hydrogen bond between VC and surfactants. The results of DSC, and XRD revealed that the drug was successfully encapsulated in the surfactants, which maintained the stability of drug. By analyzing and fitting the release data in vitro, the drug release mechanism of SONDs was predicted as a multi-dynamic model. Skin permeation of VC was improved 3.43-fold for SONDs compared with VC aqueous solution, highlighting that the lipophilicity and nano size of the carrier more easily penetrated into the skin. Finally, the photoaging study revealed that topical application of VC-SONDs provided the highest skin protection compared UV and VC aqueous solution treated group which was evident by the normal thick epidermal morphology, no obvious melanocytes and the densely arranged dermal elastic fibers. These results demonstrated that the solid-in-oil nanodispersions may be a potential transdermal delivery system for hydrophilic bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenxiu Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dequan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanting Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Piao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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22
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Swaney MH, Nelsen A, Sandstrom S, Kalan LR. Sweat and Sebum Preferences of the Human Skin Microbiota. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0418022. [PMID: 36602383 PMCID: PMC9927561 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04180-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms inhabiting human skin must overcome numerous challenges that typically impede microbial growth, including low pH, osmotic pressure, and low nutrient availability. Yet the skin microbiota thrive on the skin and have adapted to these stressful conditions. The limited nutrients available for microbial use in this unique niche include those from host-derived sweat, sebum, and corneocytes. Here, we have developed physiologically relevant, synthetic skin-like growth media composed of compounds present in sweat and sebum. We find that skin-associated bacterial species exhibit unique growth profiles at different concentrations of artificial sweat and sebum. Most strains evaluated demonstrate a preference for high sweat concentrations, while the sebum preference is highly variable, suggesting that the capacity for sebum utilization may be a driver of the skin microbial community structure. In particular, the prominent skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibits the strongest preference for sweat while growing equally well across sebum concentrations. Conversely, the growth of Corynebacterium kefirresidentii, another dominant skin microbiome member, is dependent on increasing concentrations of both sweat and sebum but only when sebum is available, suggesting a lipid requirement of this species. Furthermore, we observe that strains with similar growth profiles in the artificial media cluster by phylum, suggesting that phylogeny is a key factor in sweat and sebum use. Importantly, these findings provide an experimental rationale for why different skin microenvironments harbor distinct microbiome communities. In all, our study further emphasizes the importance of studying microorganisms in an ecologically relevant context, which is critical for our understanding of their physiology, ecology, and function on the skin. IMPORTANCE The human skin microbiome is adapted to survive and thrive in the harsh environment of the skin, which is low in nutrient availability. To study skin microorganisms in a system that mimics the natural skin environment, we developed and tested a physiologically relevant, synthetic skin-like growth medium that is composed of compounds found in the human skin secretions sweat and sebum. We find that most skin-associated bacterial species tested prefer high concentrations of artificial sweat but that artificial sebum concentration preference varies from species to species, suggesting that sebum utilization may be an important contributor to skin microbiome composition. This study demonstrates the utility of a skin-like growth medium, which can be applied to diverse microbiological systems, and underscores the importance of studying microorganisms in an ecologically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Hannah Swaney
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amanda Nelsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shelby Sandstrom
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lindsay R. Kalan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- M. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, David Braley Centre for Antibiotic Discovery, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Himawan A, Vora LK, Permana AD, Sudir S, Nurdin AR, Nislawati R, Hasyim R, Scott CJ, Donnelly RF. Where Microneedle Meets Biomarkers: Futuristic Application for Diagnosing and Monitoring Localized External Organ Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202066. [PMID: 36414019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular tissue fluids are interesting biomatrices that have recently attracted scientists' interest. Many significant biomarkers for localized external organ diseases have been isolated from this biofluid. In the diagnostic and disease monitoring context, measuring biochemical entities from the fluids surrounding the diseased tissues may give more important clinical value than measuring them at a systemic level. Despite all these facts, pushing tissue fluid-based diagnosis and monitoring forward to clinical settings faces one major problem: its accessibility. Most extracellular tissue fluid, such as interstitial fluid (ISF), is abundant but hard to collect, and the currently available technologies are invasive and expensive. This is where novel microneedle technology can help tackle this significant obstacle. The ability of microneedle technology to minimally invasively access tissue fluid-containing biomarkers will enable ISF and other tissue fluid utilization in the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of localized diseases. This review attempts to present the current pursuit of the application of microneedle systems as a diagnostic and monitoring platform, along with the recent progress of biomarker detection in diagnosing and monitoring localized external organ diseases. Then, the potential use of various microneedles in future clinical diagnostics and monitoring of localized diseases is discussed by presenting the currently studied cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Himawan
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT97BL, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sumarheni Sudir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Airin R Nurdin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
- Hasanuddin University Hospital, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ririn Nislawati
- Hasanuddin University Hospital, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Rafikah Hasyim
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT97BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT97BL, UK
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24
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Rujoie A, Andersen OK, Frahm KS. A novel temperature-controlled laser system to uniformly activate cutaneous thermal receptors during movable thermal stimulation. J Neural Eng 2023; 20. [PMID: 36638531 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acb2f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Laser stimulators have been widely used in pain studies to selectively activate Aδand C nociceptors without coactivation of mechanoreceptors. Temperature-controlled laser systems have been implemented with low-temperature variations during stimulations, however, these systems purely enabled stationary stimulation. This study aimed to implement, test and validate a new laser stimulation system that controls skin temperature by continuously adjusting laser output during stimulus movement to allow accurate investigation of tempo-spatial mechanisms in the nociceptive system.Approach. For validation, laser stimuli were delivered to the right forearm of eight healthy subjects using a diode laser. The laser beam was displaced across the skin to deliver a moving thermal stimulation to the skin surface. To test the function and feasibility of the system, different stimulation parameters were investigated involving two control modes (open-loop and closed-loop), three displacement velocities (5, 10 and 12 mm s-1), two intensities (high 46 °C and low 42 °C), two stimulus lengths (20 and 100 mm) and two directions (distal and proximal).Main results. During closed-loop control, the stimulation error and variation of stimulation temperatures were significantly smaller than during open-loop control. The standard deviation of stimulation temperatures increased significantly with stimulation intensity and displacement length.Significance. This study showed that more accurate, less variable laser stimulations were delivered to the skin using closed-loop control during a movable stimulus. The more uniform skin temperature during stimuli is likely to ensure a more uniform nociceptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rujoie
- Integrative Neuroscience group, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science & Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Kæseler Andersen
- Integrative Neuroscience group, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science & Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ken Steffen Frahm
- Integrative Neuroscience group, Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science & Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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25
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Vella D, Lukač M, Jernejčič U, Lukač N, Klaneček Ž, Milanič M, Jezeršek M. Measurements of hair temperature avalanche effect with alexandrite and Nd:YAG hair removal lasers. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:89-98. [PMID: 36490355 PMCID: PMC10107531 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In this study, we investigate the photothermal response of human hair using a pulsed laser source employed in the hair removal treatment. The purpose is to understand the dynamics behind the most common clinical practice to better define the salient features that may contribute to the efficiency of the process. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Temperature changes of hair samples (dark brown color) from a human scalp (skin type Fitpatrick II) were measured by a thermal camera following irradiation with single and multiple neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) (1064 nm) and alexandrite (755 nm) laser pulses. Particularly, the hair was treated with an individual laser pulse of a sufficiently high fluence, or with a series of lower fluence laser pulses. We investigated the temperature increase in a broad range of fluence and number of pulses. From the data analysis we extrapolated important parameters such as thermal gain and threshold fluence that can be used for determining optimal parameters for the hair removal procedure. Our experimental investigations and hypothesis were supported by a numerical simulation of the light-matter interaction in a skin-hair model, and by optical transmittance measurements of the irradiated hair. RESULTS An enhancement of the temperature response of the irradiated hair, that deviates from the linear behavior, is observed when hair is subjected to an individual laser pulse of a sufficiently high fluence or to a series of lower fluence laser pulses. Here, we defined the nonlinear and rapid temperature built-up as an avalanche effect. We estimated the threshold fluence at which this process takes place to be at 10 and 2.5 J/cm2 for 1064 and 755 nm laser wavelengths, respectively. The thermal gain expressed by the degree of the deviation from the linear behavior can be higher than 2 when low laser fluence and multiple laser pulses are applied (n = 50). The comparison of the calculated gain for the two different laser wavelengths and the number of pulses reveals a much higher efficiency when low fluence and multiple pulses are delivered. The avalanche effect manifests when the hair temperature exceeds 45°C. The enhanced temperature increase during the subsequent delivery of laser pulses could be ascribed to the temperature-induced changes in the hair's structural properties. Simulations of the hair temperature under Nd:YAG and alexandrite irradiation indicate that the avalanche phenomenon observed in the hair suspended in air may apply also to the hair located within the skin matrix. Namely, for the same fluence, similar temperature increase was obtained also for the hair located within the skin. CONCLUSION The observed "avalanche" effect may contribute to the reported clinical efficacy of laser hair removal and may at least partially explain the observed efficacy of the brushing hair removal procedures where laser fluence is usually low. The repeated irradiation during the brushing procedure may lead to an avalanche-like gradual increase of the hair's thermal response resulting in sufficiently high final hair temperatures as required for effective hair reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Vella
- Laboratory for Laser Techniques, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Lukač
- Department of Complex Matter, Institut Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Nejc Lukač
- Laboratory for Laser Techniques, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žan Klaneček
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanič
- Department of Complex Matter, Institut Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Jezeršek
- Laboratory for Laser Techniques, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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26
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Nanoparticles for Topical Application in the Treatment of Skin Dysfunctions-An Overview of Dermo-Cosmetic and Dermatological Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415980. [PMID: 36555619 PMCID: PMC9780930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NM) arouse interest in various fields of science and industry due to their composition-tunable properties and the ease of modification. They appear currently as components of many consumer products such as sunscreen, dressings, sports clothes, surface-cleaning agents, computer devices, paints, as well as pharmaceutical and cosmetics formulations. The use of NPs in products for topical applications improves the permeation/penetration of the bioactive compounds into deeper layers of the skin, providing a depot effect with sustained drug release and specific cellular and subcellular targeting. Nanocarriers provide advances in dermatology and systemic treatments. Examples are a non-invasive method of vaccination, advanced diagnostic techniques, and transdermal drug delivery. The mechanism of action of NPs, efficiency of skin penetration, and potential threat to human health are still open and not fully explained. This review gives a brief outline of the latest nanotechnology achievements in products used in topical applications to prevent and treat skin diseases. We highlighted aspects such as the penetration of NPs through the skin (influence of physical-chemical properties of NPs, the experimental models for skin penetration, methods applied to improve the penetration of NPs through the skin, and methods applied to investigate the skin penetration by NPs). The review summarizes various therapies using NPs to diagnose and treat skin diseases (melanoma, acne, alopecia, vitiligo, psoriasis) and anti-aging and UV-protectant nano-cosmetics.
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27
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Sang S, Pei Z, Zhang F, Ji C, Li Q, Ji J, Yang K, Zhang Q. Three-Dimensional Printed Bimodal Electronic Skin with High Resolution and Breathability for Hair Growth. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31493-31501. [PMID: 35767549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
People with neurological deficits face difficulties perceiving their surroundings, resulting in an urgent need for wearable electronic skin (e-skin) that can monitor external stimuli and temperature changes. However, the monolithic structure of e-skin is not conducive to breathability and hinders hair growth, limiting its wearing comfort. In this work, we prepared fully three-dimensional (3D) printed e-skin that allowed hair penetration and growth. This e-skin also achieved simultaneous pressure and temperature detection and a high tactile resolution of 100 cm-2, which is close to that of human fingertips. The temperature sensor maintained linear measurements within 10-60 °C. The pore microstructure prepared by a sacrificial template method helped the pressure-sensing unit achieve a high sensitivity of 0.213 kPa-1. Considering the distribution of human hair, the design of the main structure of the e-skin was studied to realize hair penetration and growth. High-performance pressure-sensitive inks and transparent flexible substrate inks for 3D printing were developed, and e-skins combining these functions were realized through multimaterial in situ 3D printing with high accuracy and high consistency. The temperature and pressure sensors separately performed simultaneous detection without interference, and the tactile sensor array accurately identified stimuli at different locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhen Pei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117575 Singapore
| | - Fan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jianlong Ji
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Bao L, Park J, Qin B, Kim B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies detection using a patch sensor containing porous microneedles and a paper-based immunoassay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10693. [PMID: 35778408 PMCID: PMC9249772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China in 2019, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 can spread quickly from person to person. One of the most challenging issues is to identify the infected individuals and prevent potential spread of SARS-CoV-2. Recently, anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody tests using immunochromatographic methods have been used as a complement to current detection methods and have provided information of the approximate course of COVID-19 infection. However, blood sampling causes pain and poses risks of infection at the needle puncture site. In this study, a novel patch sensor integrating porous microneedles and an immunochromatographic assay (PMNIA) was developed for the rapid detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in dermal interstitial fluid (ISF), which is a rich source of protein biomarkers, such as antibodies. Biodegradable porous microneedles (MNs) made of polylactic acid were fabricated to extract ISF from human skin by capillary effect. The extracted ISF was vertically transported and flowed into the affixed immunoassay biosensor, where specific antibodies could be detected colorimetrically on-site. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies were simultaneously detected within 3 min in vitro. Moreover, the limit of detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG concentrations was as low as 3 and 7 ng/mL, respectively. The developed device integrating porous MNs and immunochromatographic biosensors is expected to enable minimally invasive, simple, and rapid anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody testing. Furthermore, the compact size of the MN and biosensor-integrated device is advantageous for its widespread use. The proposed device has great potential for rapid screening of various infectious diseases in addition to COVID-19 as an effective complementary method with other diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Bao
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jongho Park
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Boyu Qin
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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29
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McPhetres J, Zickfeld JH. The physiological study of emotional piloerection: A systematic review and guide for future research. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:6-20. [PMID: 35764195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an accessible review of the biological and psychological evidence to guide new and experienced researchers in the study of emotional piloerection in humans. A limited number of studies have attempted to examine the physiological and emotional correlates of piloerection in humans. However, no review has attempted to collate this evidence to guide the field as it moves forward. We first discuss the mechanisms and function of non-emotional and emotional piloerection in humans and animals. We discuss the biological foundations of piloerection as a means to understand the similarities and differences between emotional and non-emotional piloerection. We then present a systematic qualitative review (k = 24) in which we examine the physiological correlates of emotional piloerection. The analysis revealed that indices of sympathetic activation are abundant, suggesting emotional piloerection occurs with increased (phasic) skin conductance and heart rate. Measures of parasympathetic activation are lacking and no definite conclusions can be drawn. Additionally, several studies examined self-reported emotional correlates, and these correlates are discussed in light of several possible theoretical explanations for emotional piloerection. Finally, we provide an overview of the methodological possibilities available for the study of piloerection and we highlight some pressing questions researchers may wish to answer in future studies.
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30
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Kuzma BA, Senemar S, Ramezanli T, Ghosh P, Raney SG, Stagni G. The dose-duration effect on cutaneous pharmacokinetics of metronidazole from topical dermatological formulations in Yucatan mini-pigs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 175:43-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Lian L, Zhou C, Tang G, Xie M, Wang Z, Luo Z, Japo J, Wang D, Zhou J, Wang M, Li W, Maharjan S, Ruelas M, Guo J, Wu X, Zhang YS. Uniaxial and Coaxial Vertical Embedded Extrusion Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102411. [PMID: 34860472 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 3D bioprinting technologies have attracted increasing attention due to their flexibility in producing architecturally relevant tissue constructs. Here, a vertical embedded extrusion bioprinting strategy using uniaxial or coaxial nozzles is presented, which allows formation of vertical structures of homogeneous or heterogeneous properties. By adjusting the bioprinting parameters, the characteristics of the bioprinted vertical patterns can be precisely controlled. Using this strategy, two proof-of-concept applications in tissue biofabrication are demonstrated. Specifically, intestinal villi and hair follicles, two liner-shaped tissues in the human body, are successfully generated with the vertical embedded bioprinting method, reconstructing some of their key structures as well as restoring partial functions in vitro. Caco-2 cells in the bioprinted intestinal villus constructs proliferated and aggregated properly, also showing functional biomarker expressions such as ZO-1 and villin. Moreover, preliminary hair follicle structures featuring keratinized human keratinocytes and spheroid-shaped human dermal papilla cells are formed after vertical bioprinting and culturing. In summary, this vertical embedded extrusion bioprinting technique harnessing a uniaxial or coaxial format will likely bring further improvements in the reconstruction of certain human tissues and organs, especially those with a linear structure, potentially leading to wide utilities in tissue engineering, tissue model engineering, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Lian
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Department of Emergency Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- NMPA & Guangdong Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 511436 P. R. China
| | - Maobin Xie
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Zeyu Luo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Julia Japo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Di Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Mian Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Marina Ruelas
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jie Guo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02129 USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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32
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Feschuk AM, Kashetsky N, Chiang C, Burli A, Burdick H, Maibach HI. Regional variation in percutaneous absorption in in vitro human models: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2022; 25:97-112. [PMID: 35094673 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2022.2032517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous absorption is of importance given its role in topical medicaments, transdermal drug systems, and dermatotoxicology. Many factors influence percutaneous penetration, including anatomical region, although little is currently known regarding this parameter. Hence, the aim of this study was to summarize existing data on regional variation in percutaneous penetration in in vitro human models. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and US patent literature were explored, and relevant data collected. Eight eligible articles were identified, which together, explored 15 anatomical locations. Four investigations compared percutaneous penetration between scalp and abdominal skin, and all concluded that the former was more permeable. Within those four studies, 10 penetrants of varying physical/chemical properties were tested indicating that in those particular study conditions, anatomical location exerted a greater effect on percutaneous absorption than the physicochemical properties of the penetrants. In addition, torso area was less absorptive than scrotum in both studies in which these sites were compared. In conclusion, the scrotum and scalp appear to be highly susceptible to percutaneous absorption compared to other locations such as the abdomen. This is postulated to be largely due to the high density of hair follicles in these areas, enabling greater penetration via the appendageal pathway. However, there is a paucity of conclusive data regarding the penetrability of other anatomical locations. Investigations testing and ranking the susceptibility of different anatomical regions is of vital importance given the importance of (1) transdermal drug delivery and decontamination protocols and (2) understanding the underlying mechanisms and degree of these variances might aid our pharmacologic/toxicologic judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chavy Chiang
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anuk Burli
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Halie Burdick
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Howard I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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33
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Öhnstedt E, Lofton Tomenius H, Frank P, Roos S, Vågesjö E, Phillipson M. Accelerated Wound Healing in Minipigs by On-Site Production and Delivery of CXCL12 by Transformed Lactic Acid Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020229. [PMID: 35213962 PMCID: PMC8876577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-healing wounds are a growing medical problem and result in considerable suffering. The lack of pharmaceutical treatment options reflects the multistep wound healing process, and the complexity of both translation and assessment of treatment efficacy. We previously demonstrated accelerated healing of full-thickness wounds in mice following topical application of the probiotic bacteria Limosilactobacillus reuteri R2LC transformed to express CXCL12. In this study, safety and biological effects of a freeze-dried formulation of CXCL12-producing L. reuteri (ILP100) were investigated in induced full-thickness wounds in minipigs, and different wound healing evaluation methods (macroscopic, planimetry, 2D-photographs, 3D-scanning, ultrasound) were compared. We found that treatment with ILP100 was safe and accelerated healing, as granulation tissue filled wound cavities 1 day faster in treated compared to untreated/placebo-treated wounds. Furthermore, evaluation using planimetry resulted in 1.5 days faster healing than using 2D photographs of the same wounds, whereas the areas measured using 2D photographs were smaller compared to those obtained from 3D scans accounting for surface curvatures, whereas ultrasound imaging enabled detailed detection of thin epithelial layers. In conclusion, topical administration of the drug candidate ILP100 warrants further clinical development as it was proven to be safe and to accelerate healing using different evaluation methods in minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Öhnstedt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Hava Lofton Tomenius
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Peter Frank
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- Ilya Pharma AB, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (E.Ö.); (H.L.T.); (E.V.)
- The Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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34
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Costa C, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. Mapping hair follicle-targeted delivery by particle systems: What has science accomplished so far? Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121273. [PMID: 34763036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the hair follicle in the process of cutaneous drug penetration has been established since this skin appendage was recognized as an entry point for topically applied substances. A comprehensive review on the hair follicle as a target per se is here provided, exploring the current knowledge on both targeted regions and delivery systems that take advantage of this permeation route. The follicular penetration is a complex process, whose effectiveness and efficiency strongly depends on a diversity of different factors including follicular density and size, activity status of hair follicles and physicochemical properties of the topically applied substances. Nanocarriers represent a heterogeneous assembly of molecules organized into particles and they have revolutionized drug delivery in several areas of medicine, pharmacology and cosmetics. As they possess an inherent ability to use the follicular route, they are reviewed here having in perspective the hair follicle zones that they are able to reach as reported. In this way, a follicular road map for the different delivery systems was compiled to assist as a guiding tool for those that have interest in the development and/or application of such delivery systems for hair and skin treatment or care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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35
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Barnes TM, Mijaljica D, Townley JP, Spada F, Harrison IP. Vehicles for Drug Delivery and Cosmetic Moisturizers: Review and Comparison. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2012. [PMID: 34959294 PMCID: PMC8703425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dermatological conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis, are treated with topical therapeutic products. Instead of applying the active drug directly onto the skin, it is combined with a vehicle to aid in its delivery across the stratum corneum (SC) and into deeper regions of the skin, namely the epidermis and dermis. Absorption into the systemic circulation is minimized. Topical vehicles are also used as cosmetic moisturizers (often termed emollient therapy) to ameliorate dry skin, which is a cornerstone of the management of various dermatological conditions, including xerosis, eczema, psoriasis, and aging. The most common topical vehicles include ointments, creams, gels, and lotions, among others. It is crucial that topical vehicles are chosen based upon the size and properties (wet/dry, mucous/non-mucous, healthy/diseased) of the skin to be treated in order to optimize application and contact of the product with the skin, as this can have profound impacts on potency, efficacy, and patient compliance. This review examines common topical vehicles used for drug delivery and cosmetic moisturizers, including their formulation, advantages and disadvantages, and effects on the skin. The unique rules imposed by governing regulatory bodies in Australia and around the world, in terms of topical product claims, are also briefly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ian P. Harrison
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., Braeside, VIC 3195, Australia; (T.M.B.); (D.M.); (J.P.T.); (F.S.)
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36
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Taneja P, Baad-Hansen L, Shaikh S, Svensson P, Olausson H. Robotic Stroking on the Face and Forearm: Touch Satiety and Effects on Mechanical Pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:693987. [PMID: 35295499 PMCID: PMC8915738 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.693987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Slow stroking touch is generally perceived as pleasant and reduces thermal pain. However, the tactile stimuli applied tend to be short-lasting and typically applied to the forearm. This study aimed to compare the effects of a long-lasting brushing stimulus applied to the facial region and the forearm on pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) taken on the hand. Outcome measurements were touch satiety and concurrent mechanical pain thresholds of the hand. Methods: A total of 24 participants were recruited and randomized to receive continuous stroking, utilizing a robotic stimulator, at C-tactile (CT) favorable (3 cm/s) and non-favorable (30 cm/s) velocities applied to the right face or forearm. Ratings of touch pleasantness and unpleasantness and PPTs from the hypothenar muscle of the right hand were collected at the start of stroking and once per minute for 5 min. Results: A reduction in PPTs (increased pain sensitivity) was observed over time (P < 0.001). However, the increase in pain sensitivity was less prominent when the face was stroked compared to the forearm (P = 0.001). Continuous stroking resulted in a significant interaction between region and time (P = 0.008) on pleasantness ratings, with a decline in ratings observed over time for the forearm, but not on the face. Unpleasantness ratings were generally low. Conclusion: We observed touch satiety for 5 min of continuous robotic brushing on the forearm confirming previous studies. However, we did not observe any touch satiety for brushing the face. Mechanical pain sensitivity, measured in the hand, increased over the 5-min period but less so when paired with brushing on the face than with brushing on the forearm. The differential effects of brushing on the face and forearm on touch satiety and pain modulation may be by the differences in the emotional relevance and neuronal pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Taneja
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Baad-Hansen
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sumaiya Shaikh
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Peter Svensson
- Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences, Aarhus, Denmark
- Section of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Håkan Olausson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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37
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Kanokrungsee S, Khunkhet S, Rojhirunsakool S, Thadvibun K, Sahaspot T. Triple combination therapy of narrowband ultraviolet B, fractional carbon dioxide laser and topical bimatoprost 0.01% for non-segmental vitiligo on non-facial areas: A randomized half-body, double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative study. Dermatol Ther 2021; 35:e15198. [PMID: 34750933 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy shows superior outcomes over monotherapy in treating vitiligo. Topical bimatoprost is a melanogenic agent effectively used to induce repigmentation. However, topical bimatoprost 0.01% has never been explored in non-facial vitiligo, and triple therapy of phototherapy, fractional laser and topical bimatoprost has never been examined. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of triple-modality treatment, combining narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB), fractional carbon dioxide (CO2 ) laser and topical bimatoprost 0.01% for stable non-segmental vitiligo on non-facial areas. Fifteen vitiligo patients with at least two symmetrical, comparable-sized lesions on non-facial regions were included. The paired lesions were randomized to receive a treatment regimen of twice-daily application of either bimatoprost 0.01% solution or placebo in combination with once-monthly fractional CO2 laser and twice-weekly NB-UVB therapy for 12 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in the vitiligo surface area (VSA) and melanin concentration (MC) at baseline between treatment sides. After 12 weeks of treatment, the percentage change from baseline of MC on the triple-therapy side was significantly higher than that on the dual-therapy side, 27.17 ± 13.62% versus 22.82 ± 10.10% (p = 0.028). The change from baseline of VSA was also greater on the triple-therapy side; however, a statistically significant difference was not reached. Improvement grades of repigmentation and adverse events were similar on both sides. Triple therapy with NB-UVB, fractional CO2 laser and topical bimatoprost 0.01% tends to be safe and more effective as compared to dual therapy of NB-UVB and fractional CO2 laser in non-facial vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silada Kanokrungsee
- Skin Center, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Graduate School, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saranya Khunkhet
- Skin Center, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Graduate School, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Salinee Rojhirunsakool
- Skin Center, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Graduate School, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Thadvibun
- Skin Center, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyapat Sahaspot
- Skin Center, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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38
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Jiang Y, Zou Q, Liu B, Li S, Wang Y, Liu T, Ding X. Atlas of Prenatal Hair Follicle Morphogenesis Using the Pig as a Model System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:721979. [PMID: 34692680 PMCID: PMC8529045 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.721979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig is an increasingly popular biomedical model, but only a few in depth data exist on its studies in hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and development. Hence, the objective of this study was to identify the suitability of the pig as an animal model for human hair research. We performed a classification of pig HF morphogenesis stages and hair types. All four different hair types sampled from 17 different body parts in pig were similar to those of human. The Guard_2 sub-type was more similar to type II human scalp hair while Guard_1, Awl, Auchene, and Zigzag were similar to type I scalp hair. Based on morphological observation and marker gene expression of HF at 11 different embryonic days and six postnatal days, we classified pig HF morphogenesis development from E41 to P45 into three main periods - induction (E37-E41), organogenesis (E41-E85), and cytodifferentiation (>E85). Furthermore, we demonstrated that human and pig share high similarities in HF morphogenesis occurrence time (early/mid gestational) and marker gene expression patterns. Our findings will facilitate the study of human follicle morphogenesis and research on complex hair diseases and offer researchers a suitable model for human hair research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Zou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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39
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Roberts MS, Cheruvu HS, Mangion SE, Alinaghi A, Benson HA, Mohammed Y, Holmes A, van der Hoek J, Pastore M, Grice JE. Topical drug delivery: History, percutaneous absorption, and product development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113929. [PMID: 34403750 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Topical products, widely used to manage skin conditions, have evolved from simple potions to sophisticated delivery systems. Their development has been facilitated by advances in percutaneous absorption and product design based on an increasingly mechanistic understanding of drug-product-skin interactions, associated experiments, and a quality-by-design framework. Topical drug delivery involves drug transport from a product on the skin to a local target site and then clearance by diffusion, metabolism, and the dermal circulation to the rest of the body and deeper tissues. Insights have been provided by Quantitative Structure Permeability Relationships (QSPR), molecular dynamics simulations, and dermal Physiologically Based PharmacoKinetics (PBPK). Currently, generic product equivalents of reference-listed products dominate the topical delivery market. There is an increasing regulatory interest in understanding topical product delivery behavior under 'in use' conditions and predicting in vivo response for population variations in skin barrier function and response using in silico and in vitro findings.
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40
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Abe A, Suzuki H, Amagai S, Saito M, Itakura S, Todo H, Sugibayashi K. Effect of Rubbing Application on the Skin Permeation of Active Ingredients from Lotion and Cream. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:806-810. [PMID: 34334526 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effect of rubbing application on the skin permeation of a hydrophilic drug caffeine (CAF) and lipophilic drug rhododendrol (RD) from lotion and cream were investigated. Skin permeation of CAF was markedly increased by rubbing action independent of the formulation type. In addition, the skin penetration-enhancement effect was affected by the rubbing direction: rubbing application against the direction of hair growth showed the highest permeation compared with rubbing applications along the direction of hair growth and in a circular pattern on the skin. On the other hand, no enhancement effect was observed by the rubbing actions on the skin permeation of RD, regardless of formulation type. Change in the infundibula orifice size of hair follicles by the rubbing and following skin stretching may be related to the higher skin permeation for CAF. In contrast, high RD distribution into the stratum corneum may be a reason why no enhancement effect was observed by the rubbing action. These results can be helpful to predict safety and effectiveness of topically applied formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinari Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University.,Research & Development Headquarters Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | | | - Sayaka Amagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Miyuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Shoko Itakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
| | - Hiroaki Todo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University
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41
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Somayaji MR, Das D, Garimella HT, German CL, Przekwas AJ, Simon L. An Integrated Biophysical Model for Predicting the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Transdermally Delivered Compounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:105924. [PMID: 34289340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic drugs through the skin is a promising alternative to oral or parenteral delivery routes because dermal drug delivery systems (D3S) offer unique advantages such as controlled drug release over sustained periods and a significant reduction in first-pass effects, thus reducing the required dosing frequency and level of patient noncompliance. Furthermore, D3S find applications in multiple therapeutic areas, including drug repurposing. This article presents an integrated biophysical model of dermal absorption for simulating the permeation and absorption of compounds delivered transdermally. The biophysical model is physiologically/biologically inspired and combines a holistic model of healthy skin with whole-body physiology-based pharmacokinetics through dermis microcirculation. The model also includes the effects of chemical penetration enhancers and hair follicles on transdermal transport. The model-predicted permeation and pharmacokinetics of select compounds were validated using in vivo data reported in the literature. We conjecture that the integrated model can be used to gather insights into the permeation and systemic absorption of transdermal formulations (including cosmetic products) released from novel depots and optimize delivery systems. Furthermore, the model can be adapted to diseased skin with parametrization and structural adjustments specific to skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevabharath R Somayaji
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States.
| | - Debarun Das
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Harsha Teja Garimella
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Carrie L German
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Andrzej J Przekwas
- Manager, Computational Medicine and Biology, CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, AL 35806, United States
| | - Laurent Simon
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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42
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Breuckmann P, Meinke MC, Jaenicke T, Krutmann J, Rasulev U, Keck CM, Müller RH, Klein AL, Lademann J, Patzelt A. Influence of nanocrystal size on the in vivo absorption kinetics of caffeine after topical application. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:57-64. [PMID: 34273544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of topically applied substances is challenging due to the effective skin barrier. Encapsulation of substances into nanoparticles was expected to be promising to increase the bioavailability of topically applied products. Since nanoparticles cannot traverse the intact skin barrier, but penetrate into the hair follicles, they could be used to deliver substances via hair follicles, where the active is released and can translocate independently transfollicularly into the viable epidermis. In the present in vivo study, this effect was investigated for caffeine. Caffeine nanocrystals of two sizes, 206 nm and 694 nm, with equal amounts of caffeine were used to study caffeine serum concentration kinetics after topical application on 5 human volunteers. The study demonstrated that at early time points, the smaller nanocrystals were more effective in increasing the bioavailability of caffeine, whereas after 20 min, the serum concentration of caffeine was higher when caffeine was applied by larger nanocrystals. Caffeine was still detectable after 5 days. The area under the curve could be increased by 82% when the 694 nm nanocrystals were applied. Especially larger sized nanocrystals seem to be a promising type of nanoparticulate preparation to increase the bioavailability of topically applied drugs via the transfollicular penetration pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Breuckmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - M C Meinke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Th Jaenicke
- IUF - Leibniz Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - U Rasulev
- Arifov Institute of Electronics of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - C M Keck
- PharmaSol GmbH, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - R H Müller
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and Nutricosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - A L Klein
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany.
| | - J Lademann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - A Patzelt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
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43
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Dong P, Stellmacher J, Bouchet LM, Nieke M, Kumar A, Osorio‐Blanco ER, Nagel G, Lohan SB, Teutloff C, Patzelt A, Schäfer‐Korting M, Calderón M, Meinke MC, Alexiev U. A Dual Fluorescence–Spin Label Probe for Visualization and Quantification of Target Molecules in Tissue by Multiplexed FLIM–EPR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Pharmacy Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Stellmacher
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Experimental Physics Department of Physics Berlin Germany
| | - Lydia M. Bouchet
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Berlin Germany
| | - Marius Nieke
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Experimental Physics Department of Physics Berlin Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institute of Biology Berlin Germany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Berlin Germany
| | | | - Gregor Nagel
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Berlin Germany
| | - Silke B. Lohan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Experimental Physics Department of Physics Berlin Germany
| | - Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | | | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Berlin Germany
- POLYMAT Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Spain
| | - Martina C. Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Freie Universität Berlin Institute of Experimental Physics Department of Physics Berlin Germany
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44
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Dong P, Stellmacher J, Bouchet LM, Nieke M, Kumar A, Osorio‐Blanco ER, Nagel G, Lohan SB, Teutloff C, Patzelt A, Schäfer‐Korting M, Calderón M, Meinke MC, Alexiev U. A Dual Fluorescence-Spin Label Probe for Visualization and Quantification of Target Molecules in Tissue by Multiplexed FLIM-EPR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14938-14944. [PMID: 33544452 PMCID: PMC8251738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous visualization and concentration quantification of molecules in biological tissue is an important though challenging goal. The advantages of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for visualization, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for quantification are complementary. Their combination in a multiplexed approach promises a successful but ambitious strategy because of spin label-mediated fluorescence quenching. Here, we solved this problem and present the molecular design of a dual label (DL) compound comprising a highly fluorescent dye together with an EPR spin probe, which also renders the fluorescence lifetime to be concentration sensitive. The DL can easily be coupled to the biomolecule of choice, enabling in vivo and in vitro applications. This novel approach paves the way for elegant studies ranging from fundamental biological investigations to preclinical drug research, as shown in proof-of-principle penetration experiments in human skin ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of PharmacyBerlinGermany
| | - Johannes Stellmacher
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
| | - Lydia M. Bouchet
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | - Marius Nieke
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
- Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinInstitute of BiologyBerlinGermany
| | - Amit Kumar
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | | | - Gregor Nagel
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | - Silke B. Lohan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Christian Teutloff
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
| | - Alexa Patzelt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | | | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
- POLYMATFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHU20018Donostia-San SebastiánSpain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoSpain
| | - Martina C. Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCharité Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Freie Universität BerlinInstitute of Experimental PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsBerlinGermany
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45
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Claesen J, Spagnolo JB, Ramos SF, Kurita KL, Byrd AL, Aksenov AA, Melnik AV, Wong WR, Wang S, Hernandez RD, Donia MS, Dorrestein PC, Kong HH, Segre JA, Linington RG, Fischbach MA, Lemon KP. A Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic modulates human skin microbiota composition in hair follicles. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/570/eaay5445. [PMID: 33208503 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay5445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the skin microbiota varies widely among individuals when sampled at the same body site. A key question is which molecular factors determine strain-level variability within sub-ecosystems of the skin microbiota. Here, we used a genomics-guided approach to identify an antibacterial biosynthetic gene cluster in Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), a human skin commensal bacterium that is widely distributed across individuals and skin sites. Experimental characterization of this biosynthetic gene cluster resulted in identification of a new thiopeptide antibiotic, cutimycin. Analysis of individual human skin hair follicles revealed that cutimycin contributed to the ecology of the skin hair follicle microbiota and helped to reduce colonization of skin hair follicles by Staphylococcus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jennifer B Spagnolo
- Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Kenji L Kurita
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Allyson L Byrd
- Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander A Aksenov
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexey V Melnik
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weng R Wong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Ryan D Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Michael A Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering and ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Katherine P Lemon
- Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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46
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An YH, Kim DH, Lee EJ, Lee D, Park MJ, Ko J, Kim DW, Koh J, Hong HS, Son Y, Cho JY, Park JU, Kim SD, Hwang NS. High-Efficient Production of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Secretome Through Maturation Process and Its Non-scarring Wound Healing Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:681501. [PMID: 34222219 PMCID: PMC8242583 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.681501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the stem cell-derived secretome, which is the set of proteins expressed by stem cells and secreted into the extracellular space, has been demonstrated as a critical contributor for tissue repair. In this study, we have produced two sets of high concentration secretomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) that contain bovine serum or free of exogenous molecules. Through proteomic analysis, we elucidated that proteins related to extracellular matrix organization and growth factor-related proteins are highly secreted by ADSCs. Additionally, the application of ADSC secretome to full skin defect showed accelerated wound closure, enhanced angiogenic response, and complete regeneration of epithelial gaps. Furthermore, the ADSC secretome was capable of reducing scar formation. Finally, we show high-dose injection of ADSC secretome via intraperitoneal or transdermal delivery demonstrated no detectable pathological conditions in various tissues/organs, which supports the notion that ADSC secretome can be safely utilized for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Dabin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiwan Koh
- Senior Science & Life, Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Genetic Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ung Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,BioMax/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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47
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Pei Z, Zhang Q, Li Q, Ji C, Liu Y, Yang K, Zhuo K, Zhang W, Sang S. A fully 3D printed electronic skin with bionic high resolution and air permeable porous structure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 602:452-458. [PMID: 34144302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bionic application of electronic skin (e-skin) requires a high resolution close to that of human skin, while its long-term attachment to human body or robotic skin requires a porous structure that is air permeable and enables hair growth. To simultaneously meet the requirements of high resolution and porous structure, as well as improve the sensing performance, we propose a fully 3D printed e-skin with high-resolution and air permeable porous structure. The flexible substrate and electrodes are 3D printed by a direct ink writing extrusion printer. The sensitive material is 3D printed by a self-made low-viscosity liquid extrusion 3D print module. This e-skin has a high sensor density of 100/cm2, which is close to the resolution of the human fingertip skin. The piezoresistive sensor units of e-skin exhibit a highly linear resistance response and a relatively performance consistency between devices. Owing to the porous and breathable structure, better human comfort and mechanical heat dissipation are realized. This high-resolution e-skin is successfully applied to identify small-sized objects with complex contours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pei
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Chao Ji
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Kai Zhuo
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- Micro-Nano System Research Center, Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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Nogami M, Zeng F, Inukai J, Watanabe Y, Nishio M, Kanda T, Ueno YR, Sofue K, Kono AK, Hori M, Ohnishi A, Kubo K, Kurimoto T, Murakami T. Physiological skin FDG uptake: A quantitative and regional distribution assessment using PET/MRI. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249304. [PMID: 33770111 PMCID: PMC7997016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively assess the repeatability of physiological F-18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the skin on positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and explore its regional distribution and relationship with sex and age. METHODS Out of 562 examinations with normal FDG distribution on whole-body PET/MRI, 74 repeated examinations were evaluated to assess the repeatability and regional distribution of physiological skin uptake. Furthermore, 224 examinations were evaluated to compare differences in the uptake due to sex and age. Skin segmentation on PET was performed as body-surface contouring on an MR-based attenuation correction map using an off-line reconstruction software. Bland-Altman plots were created for the repeatability assessment. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with regional distribution, age, and sex. RESULTS The limits of agreement for the difference in SUVmean and SUVmax of the skin were less than 30%. The highest SUVmax was observed in the face (3.09±1.04), followed by the scalp (2.07±0.53). The SUVmax in the face of boys aged 0-9 years and 10-20 years (1.33±0.64 and 2.05±1.00, respectively) and girls aged 0-9 years (0.98±0.38) was significantly lower than that of men aged ≥20 years and girls aged ≥10 years (p<0.001). In women, the SUVmax of the face (2.31±0.71) of ≥70-year-olds was significantly lower than that of 30-39-year-olds (3.83±0.82) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION PET/MRI enabled the quantitative analysis of skin FDG uptake with repeatability. The degree of physiological FDG uptake in the skin was the highest in the face and varied between sexes. Although attention to differences in body habitus between age groups is needed, skin FDG uptake also depended on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenobu Nogami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Feibi Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junko Inukai
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nishio
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kanda
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiko R. Ueno
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi K. Kono
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihito Ohnishi
- Department of Radiology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kubo
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Maretti E, Leo E, Rustichelli C, Truzzi E, Siligardi C, Iannuccelli V. In vivo β-carotene skin permeation modulated by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120322. [PMID: 33549810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) were investigated with the purpose of promoting skin permeation of the highly lipophilic β-carotene (BC) across the stratum corneum (SC) barrier so that it may perform its antioxidant properties in photo-aging and epithelial skin cancer prevention. Two differently sized NLC samples were developed using stearic acid and squalene as lipid matrix and evaluated in comparison with Microstructured Lipid Carriers (MLC). The carriers were characterized for morphology, size, Z-potential, BC loading and release as well as physical state by means of DSC and XRPD analyses. In vivo penetration of the carriers was assessed on humans by determining BC concentrations within the SC stratum disjunctum and stratum compactum layers removed by means of the tape stripping test in comparison with pure BC. Unlike MLC and pure BC that were mostly retained within the outermost layers of the SC, the NLC sample having the smallest size (about 200 nm) has proved to penetrate more deeply into the SC barrier. Accordingly, the goal of providing β-carotene actions against oxidative damages within the looser skin viable tissues could be envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Eliana Leo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Rustichelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Truzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Siligardi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Valentina Iannuccelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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50
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Pope Q, Rand MD. Variation in Methylmercury Metabolism and Elimination in Humans: Physiological Pharmacokinetic Modeling Highlights the Role of Gut Biotransformation, Skeletal Muscle, and Hair. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:26-37. [PMID: 33481013 PMCID: PMC7916735 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological half-life (t1/2) of methylmercury (MeHg) shows considerable individual variability (t1/2 < 30 to > 120 days), highlighting the importance of mechanisms controlling MeHg metabolism and elimination. Building on a prior physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, we elucidate parameters that have the greatest influence on variability of MeHg t1/2 in the human body. Employing a dataset of parameters for mean organ volumes and blood flow rates appropriate for man and woman (25-35 years) and child (4 - 6 years), we demonstrate model fitness by simulating data from our prior controlled study of MeHg elimination in people. Model predictions give MeHg t1/2 of 46.9, 38.9, and 31.5 days and steady-state blood MeHg of 2.6, 2.6, and 2.3 µg/l in man, woman, and child, respectively, subsequent to a weekly dose of 0.7 µg/kg body weight. The major routes of elimination are biotransformation to inorganic Hg in the gut lumen (73% in adults, 61% in child) and loss of MeHg via excretion within growing hair (13% in adults, 24% in child). Local and global sensitivity analyses of model parameters reveal that variation in biotransformation rate in the gut lumen, and rates of transport between gut lumen and gut tissue, have the greatest influence on MeHg t1/2. Volume and partition coefficients for skeletal muscle (SM) and gut tissue also show significant sensitivity affecting model output of MeHg t1/2. Our results emphasize the role of gut microbiota in MeHg biotransformation, transport kinetics at the level of the gut, and SM mass as moderators of MeHg kinetics in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintin Pope
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Matthew D Rand
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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