1
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Woś B, Sierka E, Kompała-Bąba A, Bierza W, Chodak M, Pietrzykowski M. Nutrient uptake efficiency and stoichiometry for different plant functional groups on spoil heap after hard coal mining in Upper Silesia, Poland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171612. [PMID: 38462010 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Various plant functional groups (PFGs) used in the reclamation of post-mining heaps may differ in their nutrient uptake efficiency and thus in their effect on the ecosystem development. The effect of PFGs may be additionally modified by the applied reclamation measures such as e.g. topsoiling. In this study we compared the nutrient uptake efficiencies and plant stoichiometry for two PFGs (grasses and forbs) growing on the sites reclaimed by applying topsoil (TS) and unreclaimed sites on carboniferous bare rock (BR) in hard coal spoil heap in Upper Silesia (southern Poland). Basic soil parameters, including pH, texture, soil organic carbon, and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg), were measured, and the aboveground plant biomass and nutrient content in plant tissue were determined. Forbs were characterized by a larger biomass and higher nutrient concentrations (except for P) than grasses. The TS treatment supported higher concentrations of N and P in plant tissues but not to the level ensuring more significant primary biomass production. The nutrient concentration and elemental stoichiometry in plant tissue indicated that N was the primary limiting element. However, the major growth limitation for N-fixing forbs was from P. Forbs were much more efficient in nutrient uptake than grasses, independent of the reclamation treatment. Therefore, they stimulate nutrient cycling in the restored ecosystems more than grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Woś
- Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Edyta Sierka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kompała-Bąba
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bierza
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Chodak
- Department of Environmental Management and Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Pietrzykowski
- Department of Ecological Engineering and Forest Hydrology, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
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2
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Scheifes DJP, Te Beest M, Olde Venterink H, Jansen A, Kinsbergen DTP, Wassen MJ. The plant root economics space in relation to nutrient limitation in Eurasian herbaceous plant communities. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14402. [PMID: 38511333 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant species occupy distinct niches along a nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N:P) gradient, yet there is no general framework for belowground nutrient acquisition traits in relation to N or P limitation. We retrieved several belowground traits from databases, placed them in the "root economics space" framework, and linked these to a dataset of 991 plots in Eurasian herbaceous plant communities, containing plant species composition, aboveground community biomass and tissue N and P concentrations. Our results support that under increasing N:P ratio, belowground nutrient acquisition strategies shift from "fast" to "slow" and from "do-it-yourself" to "outsourcing", with alternative "do-it-yourself" to "outsourcing" strategies at both ends of the spectrum. Species' mycorrhizal capacity patterns conflicted with root economics space predictions based on root diameter, suggesting evolutionary development of alternative strategies under P limitation. Further insight into belowground strategies along nutrient stoichiometry is crucial for understanding the high abundance of threatened plant species under P limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil J P Scheifes
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Te Beest
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | | | - André Jansen
- Jansen-de Hullu Landschapsecologie en Circulair, Zutphen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan T P Kinsbergen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Wassen
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Fletcher J, Willby N, Oliver D, Quilliam RS. Engineering aquatic plant community composition on floating treatment wetlands can increase ecosystem multifunctionality. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117818. [PMID: 38048863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation using floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an emerging nature-based solution for freshwater restoration. However, the potential to design these systems by manipulating macrophyte community composition to provide multiple ecosystem services remains unexplored. Using a tank experiment, we simulated aquatic environments impacted by multiple pollutants and employed a comparative ecological approach to design emergent macrophyte communities using the trait of plant stature (plant height) to structure communities. Ecosystem functions were quantified, and a threshold-based method used to compute an ecosystem multifunctionality index that was weighted based on three different management-driven restoration objectives: equal importance, phytoremediation, and regulation and cultural services. Across all restoration scenarios, ecosystem multifunctionality was higher when community types performed more diverse functions. Small emergent plant communities outperformed all other community types due to their increased provision of both regulation and maintenance, cultural, and provisioning services. Conversely, large emergent communities that are more typical candidates for phytoremediation had the highest levels of multifunctionality only when function was lower. Arranging emergent macrophytes in mixed-statured communities led to intermediate or poorer performance both in terms of multifunctionality and specific functions, suggesting that diversity on the plant stature axis leads to negative plant interactions and represents a 'worst of both worlds' combination. Employing comparative ecology to generalise plant selection by stature demonstrates that large emergent macrophytes are more likely to better deliver provision-based services, while small emergent communities can provide additional benefits from cultural and regulatory services. Selecting macrophytes for FTWs employed in freshwater restoration by stature is a simple and widely applicable approach for designing plant communities with predictable outcomes in terms of (multiple) ecosystem service provision and highlights the need for environmental managers to closely align restoration objectives with potential community types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fletcher
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Nigel Willby
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - David Oliver
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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4
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Zhao W, Zhu KH, Ge ZM, Lv Q, Liu SX, Zhang W, Xin P. Effects of plastic contamination on carbon fluxes in a subtropical coastal wetland of East China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118654. [PMID: 37481882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands are recognized as carbon sinks that play an important role in mitigating global climate change because of the strong carbon uptake by vegetation and high carbon sequestration in the soil. Over the last few decades, plastic waste pollution in coastal zones has become increasingly serious owing to high-intensity anthropogenic activities. However, the influence of plastic waste (including foam waste) accumulation in coastal wetlands on carbon flux remains unclear. In the Yangtze Estuary, we investigated the variabilities of vegetation growth, carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes, and soil properties in a clean Phragmites australis marsh and mudflat and a plastic-polluted marsh during summer and autumn. The clean marsh showed a strong CO2 uptake capacity (a carbon sink), and the clean mudflat showed a weak CO2 sink during the measurement period. However, polluted marshes are a significant source of CO2 emissions. Regardless of the season, the gross primary production and vegetation biomass of the polluted marshes were on average 9.5 and 1.1 times lower than those in the clean marshes, respectively. Ecosystem respiration and CH4 emissions in polluted marshes were significantly higher than those in clean marshes and mudflats. Generally, the soil bulk density and salinity in polluted marshes were lower, whereas the median particle size was higher at the polluted sites than at the clean sites. Increased soil porosity and decreased salinity may favor CO2 and CH4 emissions through gas diffusion pathways and microbiological behavior. Moreover, the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil of plastic-polluted marshes were 1.24-1.49 times higher than those in the clean marshes, which probably limited vegetation growth and CO2 uptake. Our study highlights the adverse effects of plastic pollution on the carbon sink functions of coastal ecosystems, which should receive global attention in coastal environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Influence of N:P Ratio of Water on Ecological Stoichiometry of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is one of the major threats to shallow lake ecosystems, because it causes large-scale degradation of submerged plants. N:P ratio is an important indicator to estimate nutrient supply to water bodies and guide the restoration of submerged plants. The massive input of N and P changes the structure of aquatic communities and ecological processes. However, the mechanism underlying the influence of changes in N and P content and the N:P ratio of a water body on the growth of submerged plants is still unclear. In this study, we simulated gradients of water N:P ratio in lakes in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River using outdoor mesocosm experiments. Using established generalized linear models (GLM), the effects of total nitrogen (TN) content and N:P ratio of water, phytoplankton and periphytic algae biomass, and relative growth rate (RGR) of plants on the stoichiometric characteristics of two widely distributed submerged plants, Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans, were explored. The results reveal that changes in water nutrient content affected the C:N:P stoichiometry of submerged plants. In a middle-eutrophic state, the stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P in the submerged plants were not influenced by phytoplankton and periphytic algae. The P content of H. verticillata and V. natans was positively correlated with their relative growth rate (RGR). As TN and N:P ratio of water increased, their N content increased and C:N decreased. These results indicate that excessive N absorption by submerged plants and the consequent internal physiological injury and growth inhibition may be the important reasons for the degradation of submerged vegetation in the process of lake eutrophication.
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6
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Sürmen B. Ecological Strategies of Terrestrial Plant Species Belonging Two Different Habitats in Kızılırmak Delta (Samsun/TURKEY). BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021060170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Zhang J, Luo J, DeLuca TH, Wang G, Sun S, Sun X, Hu Z, Zhang W. Biogeochemical stoichiometry of soil and plant functional groups along a primary successional gradient following glacial retreat on the eastern Tibetan plateau. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Geurts JJM, Oehmke C, Lambertini C, Eller F, Sorrell BK, Mandiola SR, Grootjans AP, Brix H, Wichtmann W, Lamers LPM, Fritz C. Nutrient removal potential and biomass production by Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia on European rewetted peat and mineral soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 747:141102. [PMID: 32795788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paludiculture, sustainable and climate-smart land use of formerly drained, rewetted organic soils, can produce significant biomass in peatlands whilst potentially restoring several additional wetland services. However, the site conditions that allow maximum biomass production and nutrient removal by paludiculture crops have rarely been studied. We studied the relationship between soil characteristics, including plant-available nutrients, peak biomass, stand age, harvest period, and nutrient removal potential for two important paludiculture species, Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis, on rewetted peat and mineral soils in a large-scale European survey. T. latifolia and P. australis were able to produce an aboveground peak biomass of 10-30 t dry matter ha-1 y-1 and absorbed significant amounts of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in stands older than 3 years. They were able to grow in a wide range of abiotic soil conditions. Low N:P ratios (5-9) and low N content (< 2%) in T. latifolia tissue suggest N limitation, but P uptake was still surprisingly high. P. australis had higher N:P ratios (8-25) and was less responsive to nutrients, suggesting a higher nutrient use efficiency. However, both species could still produce significant biomass at lower nutrient loads and in winter, when water content was low and nutrient removal still reasonable. Based on this European wetland survey, paludiculture holds a great potential to combine peat preservation, water purification, nutrient removal, and a high biomass production. Paludicrops take up substantial amounts of nutrients, and both summer and winter harvests provide an effective way to sequester carbon in a range of high-valued biomass products and to control nutrient effluxes from rewetted sites at the landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J M Geurts
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; B-Ware Research Centre, PO Box 6558, 6503 GB Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Claudia Oehmke
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Franziska Eller
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Brian K Sorrell
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Samuel R Mandiola
- Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, IVEM, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert P Grootjans
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, IVEM, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Wendelin Wichtmann
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstraße 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Christian Fritz
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, IVEM, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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9
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Hu C, Li F, Yang N, Xie YH, Chen XS, Deng ZM. Testing the Growth Rate Hypothesis in Two Wetland Macrophytes Under Different Water Level and Sediment Type Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1191. [PMID: 32849739 PMCID: PMC7419612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growth rate hypothesis (GRH) states that a negative correlation exists between the growth rate and N:P and C:P ratios, because fast-growing organisms need relatively more phosphorus-rich RNA to support their high rates of protein synthesis. However, it is still uncertain whether the GRH is applicable in freshwater wetlands. Several studies have shown that water level and sediment type are key factors influencing plant growth and plant C:N:P characteristics in freshwater wetlands. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the influence of these factors on plant growth and test the GRH under varying water levels and sediment conditions. We designed a controlled experiment at three water levels and under three sediment types using the two dominant plants (Carex brevicuspis and Polygonum hydropiper) in the East Dongting Lake wetland, and we further investigated the relative growth rate (RGR); concentrations of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP); and plant stoichiometry (ratios of C:N, C:P, and N:P) in the aboveground and belowground parts and whole plants in both species. Results demonstrated that the RGR and TC of both species decreased significantly with decreasing sediment nutrient supply and increasing water level. However, TN and TP of both species were markedly higher at high water levels than at low water levels; furthermore, these were significantly higher on clay than on the other two sediment types at each water level. The C:N and C:P ratios of both species decreased with increasing sediment nutrient supply and water level, whereas N:P decreased in both species with increasing sediment nutrient supply. The aboveground part of C. brevicuspis as well as the aboveground part and whole plant of P. hydropiper were negatively correlated with N:P, which is consistent with the GRH. However, the relationship between the belowground RGR and N:P of these species was inconsistent with GRH. Therefore, the water level and sediment type and their interaction significantly influenced plant RGR and C:N:P characteristics. The RGR and plant stoichiometry differed significantly between plant organs, indicating that the GRH needs refinement when applied to wetland macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- School of Environment and Life Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Yang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan City University, Yiyang, China
| | - Yong-hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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10
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Pan Y, Cieraad E, Clarkson BR, Colmer TD, Pedersen O, Visser EJW, Voesenek LACJ, Bodegom PM. Drivers of plant traits that allow survival in wetlands. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingji Pan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Cieraad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Timothy D. Colmer
- School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Ole Pedersen
- School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Eric J. W. Visser
- Experimental Plant Ecology Institute for Water and Wetland Research Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter M. Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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11
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Huang J, Liu W, Li S, Song L, Lu H, Shi X, Chen X, Hu T, Liu S, Liu T. Ecological stoichiometry of the epiphyte community in a subtropical forest canopy. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14394-14406. [PMID: 31938527 PMCID: PMC6953686 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiphytes in tree canopies make a considerable contribution to the species diversity, aboveground biomass, and nutrient pools in forest ecosystems. However, the nutrient status of epiphytes and their possible adaptations to nutrient deficiencies in the forest canopy remain unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the stoichiometry of five macroelements (C, N, P, K, and Ca) in four taxonomic groups (lichens, bryophytes, ferns, and spermatophytes) to investigate this issue in a subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Southwest China. We found that the interspecific variations in element concentrations and mass ratios were generally greater than the intraspecific variations. And there were significant stoichiometric differences among functional groups. Allometric relationships between N and P across the epiphyte community indicated that P might be in greater demand than N with an increase in nutrients. Although canopy nutrients were deficient, most epiphytes could still maintain high N and P concentrations and low N:P ratios. Moreover, ferns and spermatophytes allocated more limited nutrients to leaves than to stems and roots. To alleviate frequent drought stress in the forest canopy, vascular epiphytes maintained several times higher K concentrations in their leaves than in the tissues of lichens and bryophytes. Our results suggest that epiphytes may have evolved specific nutrient characteristics and adaptations, so that they can distribute in heterogeneous canopy habitats and maintain the stability of nutrient metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Biao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wen‐Yao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- Center of Plant EcologyCore Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaChina
| | - Su Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- Center of Plant EcologyCore Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaChina
| | - Liang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- Center of Plant EcologyCore Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaChina
| | - Hua‐Zheng Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- Center of Plant EcologyCore Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaChina
| | - Xian‐Meng Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest EcologyXishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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12
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Law A, Levanoni O, Foster G, Ecke F, Willby NJ. Are beavers a solution to the freshwater biodiversity crisis? DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Law
- Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
| | - Oded Levanoni
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Nigel J. Willby
- Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
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13
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Ren L, Eller F, Lambertini C, Guo WY, Brix H, Sorrell BK. Assessing nutrient responses and biomass quality for selection of appropriate paludiculture crops. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:1150-1161. [PMID: 30901787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tall wetland graminoids with rapid growth, high productivity and wide tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses are potentially valuable bioenergy crops, especially when grown in rewetted peat soils for biomass (paludiculture). Using wetland plants as renewable bioenergy crops instead of fossil fuels has the ecological benefits of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, improving water quality and conserving peat soils. As these potential crops will grow in peat that differs in nutrient availability, not only will their biomass productivity be affected, but also the biomass quality for bioenergy may be altered. We set up five different nutrient availability treatments in waterlogged peat soil to simulate different nutrient environments for wetland plant cultivation. Seven wetland plants suitable for paludiculture (Typha latifolia, Arundo plinii, Arundo donax and four distinct genotypes of Phragmites australis from Denmark, The Netherlands, Romania and Italy) were selected to test responses of biomass production and tissue quality to different nutrient availability. Due to their high biomass productivity, T. latifolia, A. donax, Dutch (NL) and Romanian (RO) P. australis had the greatest potential to produce bioenergy feedstock. All taxa survived when cultivated with very low nutrient availability, especially NL and RO P. australis and T. latifolia. Moreover, biomass quality was both species-specific and element-specific, affected by increasing nutrient availability. Overall, T. latifolia had the lowest tissue concentrations of S and Si as well as high concentrations of Ca, and therefore the best tissue quality for combustion both at low and high nutrient availability. These results will provide crucial information for choosing appropriate crops and managements and promote the success of culturing wetland plants as bioenergy feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Ren
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Franziska Eller
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Brian K Sorrell
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 1, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Neugebauer K, Broadley MR, El-Serehy HA, George TS, McNicol JW, Moraes MF, White PJ. Variation in the angiosperm ionome. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:306-322. [PMID: 29412469 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is defined as the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The subset of the ionome comprising mineral nutrients is termed the functional ionome. A 'standard functional ionome' of leaves of an 'average' angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition. The leaf ionome of a plant is influenced by interactions between its environment and genetics. Examples of the effects of the environment on the leaf ionome are presented and the consequences of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf ionome are described. The physiological reasons for (1) allometric relationships between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and (2) linear relationships between leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations are explained. It is noted that strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of leaves of angiosperm species are observed even when sampled from diverse environments. The evolutionary origins of traits including (1) the small calcium concentrations of Poales leaves, (2) the large magnesium concentrations of Caryophyllales leaves and (3) the large sulphur concentrations of Brassicales leaves are traced using phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm orders, families and genera. The rare evolution of hyperaccumulation of toxic elements in leaves of angiosperms is also described. Consequences of variation in the leaf ionome for ecology, mineral cycling in the environment, strategies for phytoremediation of contaminated land, sustainable agriculture and the nutrition of livestock and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Neugebauer
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S George
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Milton F Moraes
- Graduate Program of Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Li Y, Liang S, Zhao Y, Li W, Wang Y. Machine learning for the prediction of L. chinensis carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents and understanding of mechanisms underlying grassland degradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 192:116-123. [PMID: 28157614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The grasslands of Western Jilin Province in China have experienced severe degradation during the last 50 years. Radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) and support vector machines (SVM) were used to predict the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of Leymus chinensis (L. chinensis) and explore the degree of grassland degradation using the matter-element extension model. Both RBFNN and SVM demonstrated good prediction accuracy. The results indicated that there was severe degradation, as samples were mainly concentrated in the 3rd and 4th levels. The growth of L. chinensis was shown to be limited by either nitrogen, phosphorus, or both during different stages of degradation. The soil chemistry changed noticeably as degradation aggravated, which represents a destabilization of L. chinensis community homeostasis. Soil salinization aggravates soil nutrient loss and decreases the bioavailability of soil nutrients. This, along with the destabilization of C/N, C/P and N/P ratios, weakens the photosynthetic ability and productivity of L. chinensis. This conclusion was supported by observations that L. chinensis is gradually being replaced by a Chloris virgata, Puccinellia tenuiflora and Suaeda acuminate mixed community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefen Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Shuo Liang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; Liaoning Branch, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
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16
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Fernández-Martínez M, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Espelta JM, Peñuelas J. The role of nutrients, productivity and climate in determining tree fruit production in European forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:669-679. [PMID: 27605135 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruit production (NPPf ), the amount of photosynthates allocated to reproduction (%GPPf ) and their controls for spatial and species-specific variability (e.g. nutrient availability, climate) have been poorly studied in forest ecosystems. We characterized fruit production and its temporal behaviour for several tree species and resolved the effects of gross primary production (GPP), climate and foliar nutrient concentrations. We used data for litterfall and foliar nutrient concentration from 126 European forests and related them to climatic data. GPP was estimated for each forest using a regression model. Mean NPPf ranged from c. 10 to 40 g C m-2 yr-1 and accounted for 0.5-3% of GPP. Forests with higher GPPs produced larger fruit crops. Foliar zinc (Zn) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were associated positively with NPPf , whereas foliar Zn and potassium (K) were negatively related to its temporal variability. Maximum NPPf and interannual variability of NPPf were higher in Fagaceae than in Pinaceae species. NPPf and %GPPf were similar amongst the studied species despite the different reproductive temporal behaviour of Fagaceae and Pinaceae species. We report that foliar concentrations of P and Zn are associated with %GPPf , NPPf and its temporal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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17
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Su H, Wu Y, Xie P, Chen J, Cao T, Xia W. Effects of taxonomy, sediment, and water column on C:N:P stoichiometry of submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22577-22585. [PMID: 27557960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the three most important essential elements limiting growth of primary producers. Submerged macrophytes generally absorb nutrients from sediments by root uptake. However, the C:N:P stoichiometric signatures of plant tissue are affected by many additional factors such as taxonomy, nutrient availability, and light availability. We first revealed the relative importance of taxonomy, sediment, and water column on plant C:N:P stoichiometry using variance partitioning based on partial redundancy analyses. Results showed that taxonomy was the most important factor in determining C:N:P stoichiometry, then the water column and finally the sediment. In this study, a significant positive relationship was found between community C concentration and macrophyte community biomass, indicating that the local low C availability in macrophytes probably was the main reason why submerged macrophytes declined in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes. Based on our study, it is suggested that submerged macrophytes in Yangtze floodplain shallow lakes are primarily limited by low light levels rather than nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Su
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Te Cao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wulai Xia
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7# Donghu South Road, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Bayley SE, Guimond JK. Effects of river connectivity on marsh vegetation community structure and species richness in montane floodplain wetlands in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada. ECOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.2980/15-3-3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Sardans J, Alonso R, Janssens IA, Carnicer J, Vereseglou S, Rillig MC, Fernández‐Martínez M, Sanders TGM, Peñuelas J. Foliar and soil concentrations and stoichiometry of nitrogen and phosphorous across
E
uropean
P
inus sylvestris
forests: relationships with climate,
N
deposition and tree growth. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Rocio Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution CIEMAT Avda. Complutense 22 (edif. 70) Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- UA University of Antwerpen Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrjk Belgium
| | - Jofre Carnicer
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies Nijenborg 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stavros Vereseglou
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 D‐14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) D‐14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstr. 6 D‐14195 Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) D‐14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marcos Fernández‐Martínez
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Tanja G. M. Sanders
- Thünen‐Institute of Forest Ecosystems Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries Alfred‐Moeller‐Str. 1 16225 Eberswalde Germany
- Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology University Greifswald Grimmer Str. 88 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Edifici C Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia 08193 Barcelona Spain
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20
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Quilliam RS, van Niekerk MA, Chadwick DR, Cross P, Hanley N, Jones DL, Vinten AJA, Willby N, Oliver DM. Can macrophyte harvesting from eutrophic water close the loop on nutrient loss from agricultural land? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 152:210-217. [PMID: 25669857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a major water pollution issue and can lead to excessive growth of aquatic plant biomass (APB). However, the assimilation of nutrients into APB provides a significant target for their recovery and reuse, and harvesting problematic APB in impacted freshwater bodies offers a complementary approach to aquatic restoration, which could potentially deliver multiple wider ecosystem benefits. This critical review provides an assessment of opportunities and risks linked to nutrient recovery from agriculturally impacted water-bodies through the harvesting of APB for recycling and reuse as fertilisers and soil amendments. By evaluating the economic, social, environmental and health-related dimensions of this resource recovery from 'waste' process we propose a research agenda for closing the loop on nutrient transfer from land to water. We identify that environmental benefits are rarely, if ever, prioritised as essential criteria for the exploitation of resources from waste and yet this is key for addressing the current imbalance that sees environmental managers routinely undervaluing the wider environmental benefits that may accrue beyond resource recovery. The approach we advocate for the recycling of 'waste' APB nutrients is to couple the remediation of eutrophic waters with the sustainable production of feed and fertiliser, whilst providing multiple downstream benefits and minimising environmental trade-offs. This integrated 'ecosystem services approach' has the potential to holistically close the loop on agricultural nutrient loss, and thus sustainably recover finite resources such as phosphorus from waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Quilliam
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
| | - Melanie A van Niekerk
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David R Chadwick
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Paul Cross
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Nick Hanley
- Department of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Nigel Willby
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David M Oliver
- Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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21
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Carnicer J, Sardans J, Stefanescu C, Ubach A, Bartrons M, Asensio D, Peñuelas J. Global biodiversity, stoichiometry and ecosystem function responses to human-induced C-N-P imbalances. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:82-91. [PMID: 25270104 PMCID: PMC6485510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Global change analyses usually consider biodiversity as a global asset that needs to be preserved. Biodiversity is frequently analysed mainly as a response variable affected by diverse environmental drivers. However, recent studies highlight that gradients of biodiversity are associated with gradual changes in the distribution of key dominant functional groups characterized by distinctive traits and stoichiometry, which in turn often define the rates of ecosystem processes and nutrient cycling. Moreover, pervasive links have been reported between biodiversity, food web structure, ecosystem function and species stoichiometry. Here we review current global stoichiometric gradients and how future distributional shifts in key functional groups may in turn influence basic ecosystem functions (production, nutrient cycling, decomposition) and therefore could exert a feedback effect on stoichiometric gradients. The C-N-P stoichiometry of most primary producers (phytoplankton, algae, plants) has been linked to functional trait continua (i.e. to major axes of phenotypic variation observed in inter-specific analyses of multiple traits). In contrast, the C-N-P stoichiometry of higher-level consumers remains less precisely quantified in many taxonomic groups. We show that significant links are observed between trait continua across trophic levels. In spite of recent advances, the future reciprocal feedbacks between key functional groups, biodiversity and ecosystem functions remain largely uncertain. The reported evidence, however, highlights the key role of stoichiometric traits and suggests the need of a progressive shift towards an ecosystemic and stoichiometric perspective in global biodiversity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Carnicer
- Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Life Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain; Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain..
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Constantí Stefanescu
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain; Museu de Ciències Naturals de Granollers, Granollers, Catalonia 08402, Spain
| | - Andreu Ubach
- Department of Ecology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Mireia Bartrons
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Dolores Asensio
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain.; CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
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22
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He M, Dijkstra FA, Zhang K, Li X, Tan H, Gao Y, Li G. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus of temperate desert plants in response to climate and soil nutrient availability. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6932. [PMID: 25373739 PMCID: PMC4221785 DOI: 10.1038/srep06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In desert ecosystems, plant growth and nutrient uptake are restricted by availability of soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The effects of both climate and soil nutrient conditions on N and P concentrations among desert plant life forms (annual, perennial and shrub) remain unclear. We assessed leaf N and P levels of 54 desert plants and measured the corresponding soil N and P in shallow (0-10 cm), middle (10-40 cm) and deep soil layers (40-100 cm), at 52 sites in a temperate desert of northwest China. Leaf P and N:P ratios varied markedly among life forms. Leaf P was higher in annuals and perennials than in shrubs. Leaf N and P showed a negative relationship with mean annual temperature (MAT) and no relationship with mean annual precipitation (MAP), but a positive relationship with soil P. Leaf P of shrubs was positively related to soil P in the deep soil. Our study indicated that leaf N and P across the three life forms were influenced by soil P. Deep-rooted plants may enhance the availability of P in the surface soil facilitating growth of shallow-rooted life forms in this N and P limited system, but further research is warranted on this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu He
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou. 730000, China
| | - Feike A. Dijkstra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, The University of Sydney, NSW. 2006, Australia
| | - Ke Zhang
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou. 730000, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou. 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou. 730000, China
| | - Huijuan Tan
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou. 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou. 730000, China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou. 730000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou. 730000, China
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23
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Fujita Y, van Bodegom PM, Witte JPM. Relationships between nutrient-related plant traits and combinations of soil N and P fertility measures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83735. [PMID: 24391815 PMCID: PMC3877083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fertility and nutrient-related plant functional traits are in general only moderately related, hindering the progress in trait-based prediction models of vegetation patterns. Although the relationships may have been obscured by suboptimal choices in how soil fertility is expressed, there has never been a systematic investigation into the suitability of fertility measures. This study, therefore, examined the effect of different soil fertility measures on the strength of fertility-trait relationships in 134 natural plant communities. In particular, for eight plot-mean traits we examined (1) whether different elements (N or P) have contrasting or shared influences, (2) which timescale of fertility measures (e.g. mineralization rates for one or five years) has better predictive power, and (3) if integrated fertility measures explain trait variation better than individual fertility measures. Soil N and P had large mutual effects on leaf nutrient concentrations, whereas they had element-specific effects on traits related to species composition (e.g. Grime's CSR strategy). The timescale of fertility measures only had a minor impact on fertility-trait relationships. Two integrated fertility measures (one reflecting overall fertility, another relative availability of soil N and P) were related significantly to most plant traits, but were not better in explaining trait variation than individual fertility measures. Using all fertility measures together, between-site variations of plant traits were explained only moderately for some traits (e.g. 33% for leaf N concentrations) but largely for others (e.g. 66% for whole-canopy P concentration). The moderate relationships were probably due to complex regulation mechanisms of fertility on traits, rather than to a wrong choice of fertility measures. We identified both mutual (i.e. shared) and divergent (i.e. element-specific and stoichiometric) effects of soil N and P on traits, implying the importance of explicitly considering the roles of different elements to properly interpret fertility-trait relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujita
- Team Ecohydrology, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- Department of Systems Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Philip M. Witte
- Team Ecohydrology, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
- Department of Systems Ecology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Fujita Y, Venterink HO, van Bodegom PM, Douma JC, Heil GW, Hölzel N, Jabłońska E, Kotowski W, Okruszko T, Pawlikowski P, de Ruiter PC, Wassen MJ. Low investment in sexual reproduction threatens plants adapted to phosphorus limitation. Nature 2013; 505:82-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Increasing Soil Nutrient Loads of European Semi-natural Grasslands Strongly Alter Plant Functional Diversity Independently of Species Loss. Ecosystems 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-013-9714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Parent SÉ, Parent LE, Egozcue JJ, Rozane DE, Hernandes A, Lapointe L, Hébert-Gentile V, Naess K, Marchand S, Lafond J, Mattos D, Barlow P, Natale W. The plant ionome revisited by the nutrient balance concept. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:39. [PMID: 23526060 PMCID: PMC3605521 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue analysis is commonly used in ecology and agronomy to portray plant nutrient signatures. Nutrient concentration data, or ionomes, belongs to the compositional data class, i.e., multivariate data that are proportions of some whole, hence carrying important numerical properties. Statistics computed across raw or ordinary log-transformed nutrient data are intrinsically biased, hence possibly leading to wrong inferences. Our objective was to present a sound and robust approach based on a novel nutrient balance concept to classify plant ionomes. We analyzed leaf N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of two wild and six domesticated fruit species from Canada, Brazil, and New Zealand sampled during reproductive stages. Nutrient concentrations were (1) analyzed without transformation, (2) ordinary log-transformed as commonly but incorrectly applied in practice, (3) additive log-ratio (alr) transformed as surrogate to stoichiometric rules, and (4) converted to isometric log-ratios (ilr) arranged as sound nutrient balance variables. Raw concentration and ordinary log transformation both led to biased multivariate analysis due to redundancy between interacting nutrients. The alr- and ilr-transformed data provided unbiased discriminant analyses of plant ionomes, where wild and domesticated species formed distinct groups and the ionomes of species and cultivars were differentiated without numerical bias. The ilr nutrient balance concept is preferable to alr, because the ilr technique projects the most important interactions between nutrients into a convenient Euclidean space. This novel numerical approach allows rectifying historical biases and supervising phenotypic plasticity in plant nutrition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge-Étienne Parent
- Équipe de Recherche en Sols Agricoles et Miniers, Department of Soils and Agrifood Engineering, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Léon Etienne Parent
- Équipe de Recherche en Sols Agricoles et Miniers, Department of Soils and Agrifood Engineering, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Juan José Egozcue
- Department of Applied Mathematics III, Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Danilo-Eduardo Rozane
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de RegistroSão Paulo, Brasil
| | - Amanda Hernandes
- Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Line Lapointe
- Centre d’Étude de la Forêt, Department of Biology, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kristine Naess
- Centre de Recherches Les BuissonsPointe-aux-Outardes, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Marchand
- Équipe de Recherche en Sols Agricoles et Miniers, Department of Soils and Agrifood Engineering, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Lafond
- Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaNormandin, QC, Canada
| | - Dirceu Mattos
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira (IAC)Cordeirópolis, Säo Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - William Natale
- Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Universidade Estadual PaulistaJaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil
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Venterink HO, Güsewell S. Competitive interactions between two meadow grasses under nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Britton AJ, Helliwell RC, Fisher JM, Gibbs S. Interactive effects of nitrogen deposition and fire on plant and soil chemistry in an alpine heathland. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 156:409-416. [PMID: 18325647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The response of alpine heathland vegetation and soil chemistry to N additions of 0, 10, 20 and 50 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) in combination with simulated accidental fire (+/-) was monitored over a 5-year period. N addition caused rapid and significant increases in plant tissue N content and N:P and N:K of Calluna vulgaris, suggesting increasing phosphorus and potassium limitation of growth. Soil C:N declined significantly with N addition, indicating N saturation and increasing likelihood of N leakage. Fire further decreased soil C:N and reduced potential for sequestration of additional N. This study shows that alpine heathlands, which occupy the headwaters of many rivers, have limited potential to retain deposited N and may rapidly become N saturated, leaking N into downstream communities and surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Britton
- Macaulay Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
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Güsewell S, Bailey KM, Roem WJ, Bedford BL. Nutrient limitation and botanical diversity in wetlands: can fertilisation raise species richness? OIKOS 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2005.13587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Güsewell S. N : P ratios in terrestrial plants: variation and functional significance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 164:243-266. [PMID: 33873556 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 780] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability limit plant growth in most terrestrial ecosystems. This review examines how variation in the relative availability of N and P, as reflected by N : P ratios of plant biomass, influences vegetation composition and functioning. Plastic responses of plants to N and P supply cause up to 50-fold variation in biomass N : P ratios, associated with differences in root allocation, nutrient uptake, biomass turnover and reproductive output. Optimal N : P ratios - those of plants whose growth is equally limited by N and P - depend on species, growth rate, plant age and plant parts. At vegetation level, N : P ratios <10 and >20 often (not always) correspond to N- and P-limited biomass production, as shown by short-term fertilization experiments; however long-term effects of fertilization or effects on individual species can be different. N : P ratios are on average higher in graminoids than in forbs, and in stress-tolerant species compared with ruderals; they correlate negatively with the maximal relative growth rates of species and with their N-indicator values. At vegetation level, N : P ratios often correlate negatively with biomass production; high N : P ratios promote graminoids and stress tolerators relative to other species, whereas relationships with species richness are not consistent. N : P ratios are influenced by global change, increased atmospheric N deposition, and conservation managment. Contents Summary 243 I Introduction 244 II Variability of N : P ratios in response to nutrient supply 244 III Critical N : P ratios as indicators of nutrient limitation 248 IV Interspecific variation in N : P ratios 252 V Vegetation properties in relation to N : P ratios 255 VI Implications of N : P ratios for human impacts on ecosystems 258 VII Conclusions 259 Acknowledgements 259 References 260.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Güsewell
- Geobotanical Institute ETH, Zürichbergstrasse 38, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland
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Bragazza L, Tahvanainen T, Kutnar L, Rydin H, Limpens J, Hájek M, Grosvernier P, Hájek T, Hajkova P, Hansen I, Iacumin P, Gerdol R. Nutritional constraints in ombrotrophic Sphagnum plants under increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Europe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2004; 163:609-616. [PMID: 33873741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• We studied the effects of increasing levels of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on nutrient limitation of ombrotrophic Sphagnum plants. • Fifteen mires in 11 European countries were selected across a natural gradient of bulk atmospheric N deposition from 0.1 to 2 g/m2 year-1 . Nutritional constraints were assessed based on nutrient ratios of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in Sphagnum plants collected in hummocks (i.e. relatively drier microhabitats) and in lawns (i.e. relatively wetter microhabitats). • Nutrient ratios in Sphagnum plants increased steeply at low atmospheric N input, but above a threshold of N deposition of c. 1 g/m2 year-1 the N : P and N : K ratios tended to saturation. Increasing atmospheric N deposition was also accompanied by a reduced retention of Ca and Mg in Sphagnum plants and a decreased stem volumetric density in hummock Sphagnum plants. • We suggest a critical load of N deposition in Europe of 1 g/m2 year-1 above which Sphagnum plants change from being N-limited to be K + P colimited, at N : P > 30 and N : K > 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bragazza
- Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, University of Ferrara, Corso Porta Mare 2, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teemu Tahvanainen
- Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Lado Kutnar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Department of Forest Ecology, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Håkan Rydin
- Department of Plant Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Villavägen 14, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juul Limpens
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Bornsesteeg 69, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michal Hájek
- Department of Botany, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Tomáš Hájek
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Branišovskă 31, CZ-370 05 České Bud ě jovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hajkova
- Department of Botany, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ina Hansen
- Department of Ecology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 21, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Paola Iacumin
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157, I-43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Renato Gerdol
- Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, University of Ferrara, Corso Porta Mare 2, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Olde Venterink H, Wassen MJ, Verkroost AWM, De Ruiter PC. SPECIES RICHNESS–PRODUCTIVITY PATTERNS DIFFER BETWEEN N-, P-, AND K-LIMITED WETLANDS. Ecology 2003. [DOI: 10.1890/01-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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