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Where to Stand with Stromal Cells and Chronic Synovitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101257. [PMID: 31618926 PMCID: PMC6829866 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovium exercises its main function in joint homeostasis through the secretion of factors (such as lubricin and hyaluronic acid) that are critical for the joint lubrication and function. The main synovium cell components are fibroblast-like synoviocytes, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and macrophage-like synovial cells. In the synovium, cells of mesenchymal origin modulate local inflammation and fibrosis, and interact with different fibroblast subtypes and with resident macrophages. In pathologic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferate abnormally, recruit mesenchymal stem cells from subchondral bone marrow, and influence immune cell activity through epigenetic and metabolic adaptations. The resulting synovial hyperplasia leads to secondary cartilage destruction, joint swelling, and pain. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the molecular signature and the roles of stromal cells during synovial pannus formation and rheumatoid arthritis progression.
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Arleevskaya MI, Kravtsova OA, Lemerle J, Renaudineau Y, Tsibulkin AP. How Rheumatoid Arthritis Can Result from Provocation of the Immune System by Microorganisms and Viruses. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1296. [PMID: 27582741 PMCID: PMC4987382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), similar to development of a majority of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, is largely due to an inappropriate or inadequate immune response to environmental challenges. Among these challenges, infectious agents are the undisputed leaders. Since the 1870s, an impressive list of microorganisms suspected of provoking RA has formed, and the list is still growing. Although a definite causative link between a specific infectious agent and the disease has not been established, several arguments support such a possibility. First, in the absence of a defined pathogen, the spectrum of triggering agents may include polymicrobial communities or the cumulative effect of several bacterial/viral factors. Second, the range of infectious episodes (i.e., clinical manifestations caused by pathogens) may vary in the process of RA development from preclinical to late-stage disease. Third, infectious agents might not trigger RA in all cases, but trigger it in a certain subset of the cases, or the disease onset may arise from an unfortunate combination of infections along with, for example, psychological stress and/or chronic joint tissue microtrauma. Fourth, genetic differences may have a role in the disease onset. In this review, two aspects of the problem of “microorganisms and RA” are debated. First, is there an acquired immune deficiency and, in turn, susceptibility to infections in RA patients due to the too frequent and too lengthy infections, which at last break the tolerance of self antigens? Or, second, is there a congenital deficiency in tolerance and inflammation control, which may occur even with ordinary infection frequency and duration?
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina I Arleevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical Academy Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga A Kravtsova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kazan Federal University Kazan, Russia
| | - Julie Lemerle
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan Brest, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan Brest, France
| | - Anatoly P Tsibulkin
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Kazan State Medical Academy Kazan, Russia
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Molnar-Kimber KL, Kimber CT. Each type of cause that initiates rheumatoid arthritis or RA flares differentially affects the response to therapy. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:123-9. [PMID: 22051110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presents difficulty in diagnosis, commonly observed flare ups, polycyclical nature of RA progression, and variable response to therapies. Congruent with multiple causes, literature has documented various infectious agents, environmental factors, physical trauma, silica and food sensitivities as potential causes of RA or RA flares in different populations. We propose that these>36 events can initiate RA or RA flares which complicates treatment decisions. Each pharmaceutical medicine benefits 15-82% of RA patients. Predictive factors are needed. Because the initiating cause of RA or RA flare affects the type of joint damage, initial inflammatory response, adaptive immune response, and potential molecular mimicry, we propose the "RA cause affects response to therapy" (RACART) theory. The potential cause combined with confounding factors such as genetic risk factors, nutritional status, epigenetic status, inflammatory levels, and detoxification ability may help predict responses to various therapies.
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Chen DP, Wong CK, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Lau CP, Li EKM, Tam LS, Lam CWK. Anti-inflammatory activities of Chinese herbal medicine sinomenine and Liang Miao San on tumor necrosis factor-α-activated human fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:457-68. [PMID: 21679760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Sinomenine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sinomenium acutum, has been used to alleviate the symptoms of rheumatic diseases. Liang Miao San (LMS), composed of the herbs Rhizoma Atractylodis (Cangzhu) and Cotex Phellodendri (Huangbai), is another traditional Chinese medicine formula for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the potential anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS, the underlying intracellular mechanisms regulating the anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS on human primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients and normal control subjects have not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of sinomenine and LMS on inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated activation of human normal and RA-FLS. The underlying intracellular signaling molecules were analyzed quantitatively using flow cytometry. RESULTS Sinomenine was found to significantly inhibit TNF-α induced cell surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and release of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL8 from both normal and RA-FLS (all p<0.05). Moreover, the suppression of sinomenine on TNF-α induced VCAM-1 expression and IL-6 release of RA-FLS was significantly higher than that of normal FLS (p<0.05). LMS significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 release from both normal and RA-FLS, with significantly higher suppression on CXCL10 secretion in RA-FLS than that of normal FLS (all p<0.05). Further investigations showed that sinomenine and LMS could significantly suppress TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor κBα and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, the central signaling molecules mediating TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression and chemokine production. CONCLUSION Our results therefore provide a new insight into the differential anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS through the suppression of TNF-α-activated FLS by modulating distinct intracellular signaling pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Chen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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5
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Komatsu K, Miyazaki D, Morohoshi K, Kuo CH, Kakimaru-Hasegawa A, Komatsu N, Namba S, Haino M, Matsushima K, Inoue Y. Pathogenesis of herpetic stromal keratitis in CCR5- and/or CXCR3-deficient mice. Curr Eye Res 2008; 33:736-49. [PMID: 18798077 DOI: 10.1080/02713680802344716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK) is an immunopathological reaction to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) corneal infection. It has been reported that CD4+ cells play the most important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study, we have focused on two chemokine receptors, CCR5 and CXCR3, which are expressed on CD4+ Th1 cells in mice HSK model. METHODS CCR5-deficient (CCR5KO), CXCR3-deficient (CXCR3KO), CCR5/CXCR3 double-deficient (DKO), and wild type (WT) mice (C57/BL6 background) were infected intracorneally with HSV-1 (CHR3 strain). The corneas were examined biomicroscopically, and cryosections of the corneas were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Real-time RT-PCR and RNase protection assay (RPA) were performed, and the virus titers were measured in excised eyes and trigeminal ganglia (TG). RESULTS The HSK clinical severity in DKO mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice, and this was reversed by transfer of cells from the spleen of WT mice to DKO mice. Histologically, the numbers of T cells (CD4+ and CD8+ cells) and neutrophils infiltrating the cornea were significantly fewer in CCR5KO, CXCR3KO, and DKO mice. Transcript levels of immune-related cell surface marker in the eye by RPA were reduced in DKO mice. The expression of I-TAC was significantly increased in the cornea of CCR5KO mice, and MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta were significantly lower in CXCR3KO mice than in WT mice by RT-PCR. There were no significant differences of virus titers in the eye and TG among any groups of mice except the increase in the TG of DKO mice on day 5 PI. CONCLUSIONS The suppression of chemotaxis and activation of CD4+ Th1 cells by the lacking of CXCR3 and CCR5 causes a decrease of other infiltrating cells, resulting in a lower severity of HSK. These results suggest that targeting chemokine receptors is a promising way to treat HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Komatsu
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Riddle MS, Tribble DR. Reaching a consensus on management practices and vaccine development targets for mitigation of infectious diarrhoea among deployed US military forces. J Eval Clin Pract 2008; 14:266-74. [PMID: 18284518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2007.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study is part of a research effort to identify and quantify factors related to the cost-effectiveness of a vaccine acquisition strategy to reduce the burden of infectious diarrhoea on US military personnel deployed overseas. Where evidence is lacking in the scientific literature, or considerable uncertainty exists, it is often necessary to develop best estimates with ranges of certainty. To this end, a modified 'Delphi' survey technique to obtain the best estimates for uncertain parameters including clinical care-seeking behaviour for acute diarrhoea, routine diarrhoea management in a deployed setting, and vaccine development time frames and costs were developed from a diverse panel of experts. METHODS The study was conducted in three survey iterations. During each iteration, participants were contacted and given 2-3 weeks to complete a web-based survey designed to ascertain estimates, ranges of variability, and level of certainty for these estimates. RESULTS In all, 25 of 43 solicited experts agreed to participate in the study. These included three (12%) experts who identified themselves primarily as being currently involved in Vaccine Industry, six (24%) Academic/Military Diarrheal Vaccine Development, five (20%) Military Product Acquisition, five (20%) Military Preventive Medicine, two (8%) Tropical/Travel Medicine and four (16%) Military Clinical Infectious Disease. Management practices in deployed military populations (for both provider and self-treatment) were consistent with recently published literature. Similar target time frames for vaccine licensure were established for Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacter, Shigella and Norovirus of around 9-11 years. Targets for vaccine efficacy appear to be lower than currently licensed travel vaccines (60-80%), and there was consensus on more conservative adverse event rates. CONCLUSIONS These data should prove useful to researchers and policy makers working in the area of vaccine acquisition for the US military and provide continued information on the gap in optimal travellers' diarrhoea management practices in a deployed setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Riddle
- Infections Diseases Clinical Research Program, Preventive Medicine and Biometrics Department, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Stanczyk J, Kowalski ML, Grzegorczyk J, Szkudlinska B, Jarzebska M, Marciniak M, Synder M. RANTES and chemotactic activity in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2005:343-8. [PMID: 16489254 PMCID: PMC1533897 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A massive accumulation of inflammatory cells
in synovial tissues is a major pathological feature of rheumatoid
arthritis (RA). Neutrophiles dominate synovial fluid while
rheumatoid synovium is infiltrated with mononuclear cells.
Mechanisms regulating influx of particular subpopulations of
leukocytes into articular cavity and synovium compartment are not
completely defined. An increasing amount of data supports a
crucial role of a C-C chemokine RANTES in the RA pathogenesis.
Our objective is to evaluate chemotactic activity for
neutrophils (NCA), lymphocytes (LCA), and monocytes (MoCA) in SFs
obtained from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA). We also
aimed to characterise the relation between chemotactic activity,
RANTES, and percentage distribution of leukocytes in SF. SFs from
11 patients with RA and 6 with OA were included in the study.
Modified microchamber Boyden method was employed to assess
chemotactic activity. Cytological and biochemical analysis of SF
was performed. RANTES was measured with ELISA. Rheumatoid SFs were
rich in cells with predominance of neutrophiles while
osteoarthritic fluids were lymphocytic. RA SFs were also
characterised by increased lactoferrin level. Both NCA and LCA
were higher in SF from patients with RA (62 ± 12 and 24 ± 6 cells/HPF, resp) as compared to patients with OA (23 ± 6;
P < .05 and 6 ± 2 cells/HPF; P < 0.05). The chemoattractive
effect of RA SF was more pronounced on neutrophiles than on
lymphocytes. RA SF expressed high RANTES levels (145 ± 36 pg/mL), while OA SF was characterised by only trace amount
of this chemokine (2 ± 1 pg/mL). We found positive
correlation of RANTES with chemotactic activity for mononuclear
cells (LCA+MoCA; R = 0.61; P < .05). Surprisingly,
RANTES correlated also positively with neutrophiles number
(R = 0.77; P < 0.001). Rheumatoid SF possesses strong chemotactic
potency for leukocytes. RANTES is overexpressed in RA SF and is a
potential mediator influencing intensity and composition of
cellular infiltration in joints affected with inflammatory
arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Stanczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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Miyata J, Tani K, Sato K, Otsuka S, Urata T, Lkhagvaa B, Furukawa C, Sano N, Sone S. Cathepsin G: the significance in rheumatoid arthritis as a monocyte chemoattractant. Rheumatol Int 2006; 27:375-82. [PMID: 16977463 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human cathepsin G (EC 3.4.21.20) has been reported to have the in vitro chemotactic activity for human monocytes. In this study, we examined the role of cathepsin G in monocyte involvement in joint inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a monocyte chemoattractant. Eighteen patients with RA and four patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were used in this study. Thiobenzylester substrate, Succ-Phe-Leu-Phe-S-Bzl, was used to measure the activity of cathepsin G in synovial fluids. Monocyte migration induced by cathepsin G and synovial fluids was assessed by a 48-well microchemotaxis chamber technique. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the cellular origin of cathepsin G in RA synovial tissue. A very low activity of cathepsin G was detected in synovial fluids from patients with OA. On the other hand, significantly increased activity of cathepsin G was detected in patients with RA when compared with the value of OA patients. A considerable monocyte chemotactic activity was detected in the synovial fluid of RA patients, and the activity was partially decreased by the treatment with inhibitors for cathepsin G, alpha1-antichymotrypsin and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The activity of cathepsin G was significantly correlated with the neutrophil counts in synovial fluids and the concentration of interleukin-6. Immunohistochemical studies showed that cathepsin G was strongly expressed by synovial lining cells, and weakly expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in synovial tissues. This study indicates that the monocyte chemotactic activity of cathepsin G may have a role in the pathogenesis of RA synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Miyata
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Therapeutics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 18-15 Kuramoto-cho 3, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan,
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9
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Ribeiro S, Horuk R. The clinical potential of chemokine receptor antagonists. Pharmacol Ther 2005; 107:44-58. [PMID: 15894378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines belong to a family of chemotactic cytokines that direct the migration of immune cells towards sites of inflammation. They mediate their biological effects by binding to cell surface receptors, which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. Since chemokines and their receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of autoinflammatory diseases, chemokine receptor antagonists could prove to be useful therapeutics to target these diseases. Here, we review the role of chemokines in autoimmunity, concentrating mainly on the chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5, and discuss the potential utility of antagonists that target these 2 receptors as they progress through the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ribeiro
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Berlex Biosciences, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
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Schmutz C, Hulme A, Burman A, Salmon M, Ashton B, Buckley C, Middleton J. Chemokine receptors in the rheumatoid synovium: upregulation of CXCR5. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 7:R217-29. [PMID: 15743468 PMCID: PMC1065316 DOI: 10.1186/ar1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions play a central role in the recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed joints. This study was undertaken to characterize the expression of chemokine receptors in the synovial tissue of RA and non-RA patients. RA synovia (n = 8) were obtained from knee joint replacement operations and control non-RA synovia (n = 9) were obtained from arthroscopic knee biopsies sampled from patients with recent meniscal or articular cartilage damage or degeneration. The mRNA expression of chemokine receptors and their ligands was determined using gene microarrays and PCR. The protein expression of these genes was demonstrated by single-label and double-label immunohistochemistry. Microarray analysis showed the mRNA for CXCR5 to be more abundant in RA than non-RA synovial tissue, and of the chemokine receptors studied CXCR5 showed the greatest upregulation. PCR experiments confirmed the differential expression of CXCR5. By immunohistochemistry we were able to detect CXCR5 in all RA and non-RA samples. In the RA samples the presence of CXCR5 was observed on B cells and T cells in the infiltrates but also on macrophages and endothelial cells. In the non-RA samples the presence of CXCR5 was limited to macrophages and endothelial cells. CXCR5 expression in synovial fluid macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes from RA patients was confirmed by PCR. The present study shows that CXCR5 is upregulated in RA synovial tissue and is expressed in a variety of cell types. This receptor may be involved in the recruitment and positioning of B cells, T cells and monocytes/macrophages in the RA synovium. More importantly, the increased level of CXCR5, a homeostatic chemokine receptor, in the RA synovium suggests that non-inflammatory receptor–ligand pairs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antigens, CD20/analysis
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Knee
- Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CXCR5
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schmutz
- Leopold Muller Arthritis Research Centre, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Alison Hulme
- Leopold Muller Arthritis Research Centre, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Angela Burman
- Division of Immunity and Infection, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Mike Salmon
- Division of Immunity and Infection, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Brian Ashton
- Leopold Muller Arthritis Research Centre, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Medical School, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Christopher Buckley
- Division of Immunity and Infection, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Jim Middleton
- Leopold Muller Arthritis Research Centre, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Medical School, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Haringman JJ, Ludikhuize J, Tak PP. Chemokines in joint disease: the key to inflammation? Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 63:1186-94. [PMID: 15082471 PMCID: PMC1754785 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting chemokines and/or chemokine receptors appears to be an intriguing new approach to treating chronic inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis, and transplant rejections. The involvement of chemokines and chemokine receptors in inflammatory joint diseases, the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the chemokine family in inflammatory joint disease, and initial clinical data on chemokine blockade in patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggest that targeting the chemokine and chemokine receptor family might provide a new, promising antirheumatic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Haringman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, F4-218, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Biswas P, Mantelli B, Hasson H, Vecchi A, Saniabadi A, Lazzarin A, Beretta A. In vivo modulation of leukocyte trafficking receptor following therapeutic purging of myeloid cells: implications for treatment of HIV infection and other immune disorders. Clin Immunol 2004; 109:355-8. [PMID: 14697751 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2003.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic purging of myeloid cells (monocytes and granulocytes) (MYP) has been proposed as a treatment of severe inflammatory conditions like ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Although direct purging of inflammatory cells contributes to its efficacy, the precise mechanism of action is still unclear. We have tested MYP in a pilot study on 12 patients with chronic HIV infection, of whom 6 underwent MYP. Three/6 MYP patients and none of the controls displayed a strong and long-lasting decrease of cells expressing CXCR3, a major chemokine receptor responsible for trafficking of inflammatory cells. In these three patients, the number of circulating CD4 T cells increased during treatment. The data provide a rational for the use of MYP as a therapeutic tool acting via the modulation of immune cell trafficking.
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13
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González-Escribano MF, Torres B, Aguilar F, Rodríguez R, García A, Valenzuela A, Núñez-Roldán A. MCP-1 promoter polymorphism in Spanish patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Immunol 2003; 64:741-4. [PMID: 12826377 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(03)00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the possible role of the polymorphism located in the regulatory region of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene in the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a total of 141 Spanish RA patients and 194 controls, previously typed for human leukocyte antigen DRB1* (HLA-DRB1*), were genotyped for -2518 (A/G) MCP-1 gene polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. No association between -2518 (A/G) MCP-1 polymorphism and susceptibility to RA was found. Nevertheless, when patients and controls were stratified according to their HLA shared epitope (SE) status, a significant increase in the frequency of genotype GG was found among SE negative (SE-) patients with respect to both SE positive (SE+) patients and SE- controls (16% versus 4% in SE+ patients, pFisher=0.04, odds ratio [OR]=4.4, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=1.03-21.48; and 4% in SE- controls, pFisher=0.02, OR=4.13, 95%CI=1.10-15.72). In conclusion, MCP-1 polymorphism is slightly associated with the susceptibility to RA in patients lacking the HLA SE.
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14
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Shadidi KR, Aarvak T, Henriksen JE, Natvig JB, Thompson KM. The chemokines CCL5, CCL2 and CXCL12 play significant roles in the migration of Th1 cells into rheumatoid synovial tissue. Scand J Immunol 2003; 57:192-8. [PMID: 12588667 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As the T-cell population in the synovial tissue (ST) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is dominated by T helper (Th) 1 cells, this study was designed to examine whether there is a preferential migration of polarized T cells to ST, and to identify the chemokines responsible for the migration. This was done by developing 10 T-cell clones specific for an arbitrary antigen (mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG)) from the peripheral blood (PB) of a healthy donor sensitized to mouse IgG. The Th polarizations of the clones were determined by measuring secreted interferon-gamma and interleukin-4, following anti-CD3 stimulation. Migration to pools of RA ST cell-derived supernatants was analysed. Expression of the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CXCR3 and CXCR4 were analysed by flow cytometry. Th1 clones showed significantly higher migration to RA ST cell-derived supernatant compared with Th2 clones. Blocking of either of the chemokines, CCL5 or CCL2, strongly inhibited migration of the Th1 cells between 56 and 77%, while blocking of CXCL12 inhibited migration between 44 and 61%. Blocking of CXCL10 had only a minor inhibitory effect. Our results demonstrate a selective migration of Th1 cells to RA ST supernatant and that blocking either CCL5, CCL2 or CXCL12 significantly inhibits T-cell migration. This indicates that CCL5, CCL2 and CXCL12 play significant roles in attracting Th1 cells towards the RA ST, and may prove potent targets for obstructing T-cell migration to the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Shadidi
- Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Institute of Immunology, Section of Rheumatology Research, Oslo, Norway
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Mo R, Chen J, Han Y, Bueno-Cannizares C, Misek DE, Lescure PA, Hanash S, Yung RL. T cell chemokine receptor expression in aging. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:895-904. [PMID: 12517955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.2.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changes in chemokine receptor expression are important in determining T cell migration and the subsequent immune response. To better understand the contribution of the chemokine system in immune senescence we determined the effect of aging on CD4(+) T cell chemokine receptor function using microarray, RNase protection assays, Western blot, and in vitro chemokine transmigration assays. Freshly isolated CD4(+) cells from aged (20-22 mo) mice were found to express a higher level of CCR1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8 and CXCR2-5, and a lower level of CCR7 and 9 than those from young (3-4 mo) animals. Caloric restriction partially or completely restored the aging effects on CCR1, 7, and 8 and CXCR2, 4, and 5. The aging-associated differences in chemokine receptor expression cannot be adequately explained by the age-associated shift in the naive/memory or Th1/Th2 profile. CD4(+) cells from aged animals have increased chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor-1 and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha, suggesting that the observed chemokine receptor changes have important functional consequences. We propose that the aging-associated changes in T cell chemokine receptor expression may contribute to the different clinical outcome in T cell chemokine receptor-dependent diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruran Mo
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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