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Nemati S, Zavvari-Oskuye Z, Bafadam S, Mokhtari B, Badalzadeh R, Vakili A. Impact of combined alpha-lipoic acid and mitoquinone supplementation on myocardial infarction in aged rats: Heart performance and molecular mechanisms. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112402. [PMID: 38484905 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and mitoquinone (Mito Q) supplementation on cardiac function and the underlying mechanisms in aged rats with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS The aged rats underwent left anterior descending artery (LADA) occlusion for 30 min, followed by reperfusion for 24 h. ALA (100 mg/kg, gavage) and Mito Q (10 mg/kg, IP) were administered daily for two weeks before ischemia. Cardiac function, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers were evaluated 24 h after ischemia. RESULTS The results of this study indicated that the administration of the combination of ALA and Mito Q significantly improved cardiac function. This improvement was linked to a reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β (P < 0.001) and apoptotic markers (Bax, caspase-3, and Cyt-c), as well as a decrease in the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study revealed that combined intervention synergistically mitigated cardiac dysfunction by suppressing inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in aged rats with MI. Further research is needed to validate the potential of ALA and Mito Q as therapeutic options for elderly people at risk of heart attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Nemati
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zohreh Zavvari-Oskuye
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Soleyman Bafadam
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mokhtari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Abedin Vakili
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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Mauerhofer C, Grumet L, Schemmer P, Leber B, Stiegler P. Combating Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury with Micronutrients and Natural Compounds during Solid Organ Transplantation: Data of Clinical Trials and Lessons of Preclinical Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10675. [PMID: 34639016 PMCID: PMC8508760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although extended donor criteria grafts bear a higher risk of complications such as graft dysfunction, the exceeding demand requires to extent the pool of potential donors. The risk of complications is highly associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury, a condition characterized by high loads of oxidative stress exceeding antioxidative defense mechanisms. The antioxidative properties, along with other beneficial effects like anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic or antiarrhythmic effects of several micronutrients and natural compounds, have recently emerged increasing research interest resulting in various preclinical and clinical studies. Preclinical studies reported about ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammatory status, resulting in improved graft survival. Although the majority of clinical studies confirmed these results, reporting about improved recovery and superior organ function, others failed to do so. Yet, only a limited number of micronutrients and natural compounds have been investigated in a (large) clinical trial. Despite some ambiguous clinical results and modest clinical data availability, the vast majority of convincing animal and in vitro data, along with low cost and easy availability, encourage the conductance of future clinical trials. These should implement insights gained from animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mauerhofer
- Department of Science and Product Development, pro medico HandelsGmbH, Liebenauer Tangente 6, 8041 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lukas Grumet
- Department of Science and Product Development, pro medico HandelsGmbH, Liebenauer Tangente 6, 8041 Graz, Austria; (C.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Bettina Leber
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University, 8036 Graz, Austria; (P.S.); (B.L.)
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Khan SB, Choudhary R, Vishwakarma PK, Singh A, Shree J, Bodakhe SH. Protective effect of alpha-lipoic acid on progression of cataract formation in fructose-induced experimental cataract. PHARMANUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Lin Z, Guichun Z, Lifeng L, Chen C, Xuecheng C, Jinfang C. Protective effect of α-lipoic acid against antimycin A cytotoxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:5-13. [PMID: 27796798 PMCID: PMC5225054 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents a major cause of cellular damage and death in the process of osteoporosis. Antimycin A (AMA) has been shown to stimulate mitochondrial superoxide anions and reactive oxygen species (ROS). α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) is a naturally occurring essential coenzyme in mitochondrial multienzyme complexes and acts as a key player in mitochondrial energy production. However, whether α-LA affects the cytotoxicity of AMA in osteoblastic cells is unknown. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of α-LA against AMA-induced cytotoxicity using the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell line. Our results indicated that α-LA treatment attenuated AMA-induced cytotoxicity and LDH release in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, a significant recovery effect of α-LA on mineralization inhibited by AMA was found. Our results also demonstrated that treatment with 50 μM AMA leads to a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the complex IV dysfunction, which was inhibited by pretreatment with α-LA in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with α-LA significantly reduced the generation of ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production induced by AMA. In addition, our result suggests that PI3K/Akt and CREB pathways are related to the protective effect of α-LA. Importantly, Hoechst 33258 staining results indicated that pretreatment with α-LA prevented AMA-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that α-LA prevents MC3T3-E1 cells from apoptosis through attenuating cytochrome C release and reducing the level of cleaved caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zou Lin
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Command, 25 Shifan St, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China
| | - Zhang Guichun
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Command, 25 Shifan St, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China
| | - Liu Lifeng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Command, 25 Shifan St, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Command, 25 Shifan St, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China
| | - Cao Xuecheng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Command, 25 Shifan St, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China.
| | - Cai Jinfang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedic Surgery, The General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Command, 25 Shifan St, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250031, China
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5
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Marsh SA, Coombes JS. Vitamin E and a-Lipoic Acid Supplementation Increase Bleeding Tendency via an Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2016; 12:169-73. [PMID: 16708118 DOI: 10.1177/107602960601200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E and a-lipoic acid are potent nutritional antioxidants, and when used together, their antioxidant capabilities are improved as a-lipoic acid recycles vitamin E. Supplementation of vitamin E has been shown to prolong platelet aggregation but the effects of vitamin E and a-lipoic acid supplementation on bleeding tendency have yet to be reported. Young, male rats consumed either control diet (n=5) or vitamin E and a-lipoic acid-supplemented diet (n=5) for 14 weeks. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were measured as markers of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways respectively in addition to lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde). Supplementation significantly prolonged APTT (23.8±1.5 vs 31.4±1.2s, p<0.05) compared to the control diet; however, there was no significant difference in PT (27.8±1.5 vs 26.6±0.9s, p>0.05). While vitamin E was increased (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (p>0.05). Dietary supplementation of vitamin E and a-lipoic acid increases bleeding tendency via inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway with no change in markers of lipid peroxidation. Such supplementation could benefit patients with cardiovascular disease who exhibit elevated levels of coagulation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Marsh
- School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Hu XX, Fu L, Li Y, Lin ZB, Liu X, Wang JF, Chen YX, Wang ZP, Zhang X, Ou ZJ, Ou JS. The Cardioprotective Effect of Vitamin E (Alpha-Tocopherol) Is Strongly Related to Age and Gender in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137405. [PMID: 26331272 PMCID: PMC4557942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (VitE) only prevented cardiovascular diseases in some patients and the mechanisms remain unknown. VitE levels can be affected by aging and gender. We hypothesize that age and gender can influence VitE’s cardioprotective effect. Mice were divided into 4 groups according to age and gender, and each group of mice were divided into a control group and a VitE group. The mice were administered water or VitE for 21 days; Afterward, the cardiac function and myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were measured after myocardial ischemia reperfusion(MI/R). VitE may significantly improved cardiac function in young male mice and aged female mice by enhancing ERK1/2 activity and reducing JNK activity. Enhanced expression of HSP90 and Bcl-2 were also seen in young male mice. No changes in cardiac function and cardiac proteins were detected in aged male mice and VitE was even liked to exert a reverse effect in cardiac function in young mice by enhancing JNK activity and reducing Bcl-2 expression. Those effects were in accordance with the changes of myocardial infarction size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in each group of mice. VitE may reduce MI/R injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in young male mice and aged female mice but not in aged male mice. VitE was possibly harmful for young female mice, shown as increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/R. Thus, we speculated that the efficacy of VitE in cardiac protection was associated with age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Hu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Bang Lin
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (J-SO); (Z-JO)
| | - Jing-Song Ou
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First sAffiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (J-SO); (Z-JO)
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Kim D, Mushtaq M, Parvin R, Kang H, Kim J, Na J, Hwangbo J, Kim J, Yang C, Park B, Choi H. Various levels and forms of dietary α-lipoic acid in broiler chickens: Impact on blood biochemistry, stress response, liver enzymes, and antibody titers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:226-31. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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8
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Treatment with α-lipoic acid enhances the bone healing after femoral fracture model of rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:1025-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Codoñer-Franch P, Muñiz P, Gasco E, Domingo JV, Valls-Belles V. Effect of a Diet Supplemented with alpha-Tocopherol and beta-Carotene on ATP and Antioxidant Levels after Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 43:13-8. [PMID: 18648654 PMCID: PMC2459247 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation remains a serious complication in clinical practice. In the present study the effect of intake of α-tocopherol or β-carotene to limit liver injury by oxidative stress in ischemia and reperfusion was explored. Wistar rats were fed with diets enriched with α-tocopherol (20 mg/day) or β-carotene (3 mg/day) for 21 days. After 21 days, their livers were subjected to 15 and 30 min of ischemia and afterwards were reperfused for 60 min. The recovery of levels of ATP during reperfusion was better in the group of rats whose diets were supplemented with α-tocopherol or β-carotene than in the group control. The supplementation of the diet induced changes in the profile of enzymatic antioxidants. The supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene resulted in a decreased of superoxide dismutase during the ischemia and a recovery was observed after reperfusion. Not changes were observed for the enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione but their values were higher to those of the group control. In conclusion, the supplementation with α-tocopherol and β-carotene improve the antioxidant and energetic state of liver after ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Departamento de Pediatría, Ginecología y Obstetricia. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Ghibu S, Lauzier B, Delemasure S, Amoureux S, Sicard P, Vergely C, Muresan A, Mogosan C, Rochette L. Antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid: effects on red blood membrane permeability and adaptation of isolated rat heart to reversible ischemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 320:141-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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French JP, Hamilton KL, Quindry JC, Lee Y, Upchurch PA, Powers SK. Exercise-induced protection against myocardial apoptosis and necrosis: MnSOD, calcium-handling proteins, and calpain. FASEB J 2008; 22:2862-71. [PMID: 18417547 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Exercise provides protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Understanding the mechanisms of this protection may lead to new interventions for the prevention and/or treatment of heart disease. Although presently these mechanisms are not well understood, reports suggest that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and calpain may be critical mediators of this protection. We hypothesized that an exercise-induced increase in MnSOD would provide cardioprotection by attenuating IR-induced oxidative modification to critical Ca(2+)-handling proteins, thereby decreasing calpain-mediated cleavage of these and other proteins attenuating cardiomyocyte death. After IR, myocardial apoptosis and infarct size were significantly reduced in hearts of exercised animals compared with sedentary controls. In addition, exercise prevented IR-induced calpain activation as well as the oxidative modification and calpain-mediated degradation of myocardial Ca(2+)-handling proteins (L-type Ca(2+) channels, phospholamban, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). Further, IR-induced activation of proapoptotic proteins was attenuated in exercised animals. Importantly, prevention of the exercise-induced increase in MnSOD activity via antisense oligonucleotides greatly attenuated the cardioprotection conferred by exercise. These results suggest that MnSOD provides cardioprotection by attenuating IR-induced oxidation and calpain-mediated degradation of myocardial Ca(2+)-handling proteins, thereby preventing myocardial apoptosis and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel P French
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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Maruoka N, Murata T, Omata N, Takashima Y, Fujibayashi Y, Wada Y. Effects of vitamin E supplementation on plasma membrane permeabilization and fluidization induced by chlorpromazine in the rat brain. J Psychopharmacol 2008; 22:119-27. [PMID: 18208929 DOI: 10.1177/0269881107078487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors play a key role in most research on antipsychotic drugs, but little is known about the effects of these drugs on the plasma membrane in the central nervous system. Therefore, we investigated whether chlorpromazine (CPZ), a typical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, affects the plasma membrane integrity in the rat brain, and if so, whether these membrane alterations can be prevented by dietary supplementation with vitamin E, which has been shown to be an antioxidant and also a membrane-stabilizer. Leakage of [(18)F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG)-6-phosphate from rat striatal slices and decrease in 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence anisotropy were used as indexes for plasma membrane permeabilization and fluidization, respectively. CPZ induced leakage of [(18)F]FDG-6-phosphate from striatal slices, and the leakage was delayed in the vitamin E-supplemented group compared to that in the normal diet group. The decrease in plasma membrane anisotropy induced by CPZ was significantly attenuated by vitamin E supplementation. Chronic treatment with alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone, a free radical scavenger, had no effect on CPZ-induced plasma membrane permeabilization, and the treatment with CPZ did not induce lipid peroxidation. CPZ can reduce plasma membrane integrity in the brain, and this reduction can be prevented by vitamin E via its membrane-stabilizing properties, not via its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Maruoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Abstract
Administration of vitamin E in children with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and type I diabetes demonstrated potential towards ameliorating progression. Oral vitamin E therapy reduced endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney failure (CKF). Moreover, the use of vitamin E-bonded hemodialyzers reduced atherosclerotic changes, erythropoietin dosage and muscular cramps in patients on hemodialysis (HD). However, several controlled clinical trials failed to document beneficial effects on the study subjects' cardiovascular and renal outcomes. A recent report of increased all-cause mortality in adult patients receiving high dose vitamin E therapy has caused considerable concern and debate. These issues regarding the efficacy and safety of vitamin E in renal therapeutic regimens will be reviewed in this article.
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Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Tsovolas K, Aggeli IK, Zoga A, Gaitanaki C, Paraskevaidis IA, Markantonis SL, Beis I, Kremastinos DT. Acute administration of vitamin E triggers preconditioning via K(ATP) channels and cyclic-GMP without inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:1092-9. [PMID: 16962934 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E (VitE) is considered an antioxidant agent. One or more brief periods of ischemia (isc), followed by short reperfusion (rep), increase the tolerance of the heart to a subsequent prolonged ischemia, a phenomenon known as ischemic preconditioning (PC). Mitochondrial KATP channels (mitoKATP), cyclic-GMP (cGMP), and free radicals are involved in the mechanism of PC, whereas some antioxidants abolish this benefit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of VitE on infarct size, PC, and the oxidative status in vivo. Male rabbits were divided into seven groups and were subjected to myocardial ischemia (isc) and reperfusion (rep) with the following interventions: (1) control (no intervention); (2) E150 (iv VitE at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 75 min, starting 40 min before index isc and lasting through 5 min of rep); (3) E300 (iv VitE 300 mg/kg as previously described); (4) PC (two cycles of 5 min isc and 10 min rep), (5) combined E150-PC; and (6) combined E300-PC. In the last two groups VitE was given 40 min before index ischemia. Blood samples were taken for malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CDs) measurement. In a second series of experiments heart tissue samples were taken at the time of long ischemia for MDA and CD determination and for cGMP assay. In order to test whether combined treatment with VitE (as the E150 group) and the mitoKATP blocker 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD) changes the infarct size, an additional group was assessed in the first series of experiments. Tissue VitE concentration was evaluated in myocardium. VitE at both doses reduced the infarct size (19.7 +/- 2.8% for E150 and 18.8 +/- 4.9% for E300 vs 47.4 +/- 2.6% in control, P < 0.05) without attenuating the effect of PC (10.2 +/- 3.1% for E150-PC, 12.4 +/- 2.2% for E300-PC, vs 13.5 +/- 3.3% for PC). Combined VitE and 5-HD treatment abrogates this benefit (37.4 +/- 6.5%, P < 0.05 vs E150 and NS vs control). VitE increases intracellular cGMP and CDs levels (P < 0.05 vs control) to the same extent as PC (P < 0.05 vs control), with no effect on MDA (P = NS between all the groups). Peripheral markers of oxidative stress are increased during reperfusion in all groups (P < 0.05 vs baseline). Overall, VitE limits infarct size via mitoKATP and cGMP, while preserving the benefit of ischemic PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Second University Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, University of Athens, Rimini 1, 124 62 Athens, Greece.
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Moungjaroen J, Nimmannit U, Callery PS, Wang L, Azad N, Lipipun V, Chanvorachote P, Rojanasakul Y. Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Caspase Activation and Apoptosis Induced by Lipoic Acid in Human Lung Epithelial Cancer Cells through Bcl-2 Down-Regulation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:1062-9. [PMID: 16990509 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring compound that has been shown to possess promising anticancer activity because of its ability to preferentially induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells relative to normal cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the apoptotic effect of LA are not well understood. We report here that LA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and a concomitant increase in apoptosis of human lung epithelial cancer H460 cells. Inhibition of ROS generation by ROS scavengers or by overexpression of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase effectively inhibited LA-induced apoptosis, indicating the role of ROS, especially hydroperoxide and superoxide anion, in the apoptotic process. Apoptosis induced by LA was found to be mediated through the mitochondrial death pathway, which requires caspase-9 activation. Inhibition of caspase activity by the pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-FMK) or caspase-9-specific inhibitor (z-LEHD-FMK) completely inhibited the apoptotic effect of LA. Likewise, the mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor rotenone potently inhibited the apoptotic and ROS-inducing effects of LA, supporting the role of mitochondrial ROS in LA-induced cell death. LA induced down-regulation of mitochondrial Bcl-2 protein through peroxide-dependent proteasomal degradation, and overexpression of the Bcl-2 protein prevented the apoptotic effect of LA. Together, our findings indicate a novel pro-oxidant role of LA in apoptosis induction and its regulation by Bcl-2, which may be exploited for the treatment of cancer and related apoptosis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapan Moungjaroen
- West Virginia University, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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17
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Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E have synergistic effects, as determined in models of oxidant radical lesions. This review summarizes recent findings showing that the combination of alpha-lipoic acid plus vitamin E has beneficial effects in reducing oxidative damage in ischemic or other oxidation-related pathological events. Both antioxidants are common in the normal human diet and side effects are very rare. Therefore, alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E can counteract oxidative processes and could have an important role in clinical medicine.
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18
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French JP, Quindry JC, Falk DJ, Staib JL, Lee Y, Wang KKW, Powers SK. Ischemia-reperfusion-induced calpain activation and SERCA2a degradation are attenuated by exercise training and calpain inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 290:H128-36. [PMID: 16155100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00739.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+-activated protease calpain has been shown to play a deleterious role in the heart during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would minimize I/R-induced calpain activation and provide cardioprotection against I/R-induced injury. Hearts from adult male rats were isolated in a working heart preparation, and myocardial injury was induced with 25 min of global ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. In sedentary control rats, I/R significantly increased calpain activity and impaired cardiac performance (cardiac work during reperfusion = 24% of baseline). Compared with sedentary animals, exercise training prevented the I/R-induced rise in calpain activity and improved cardiac work (recovery = 80% of baseline). Similar to exercise, pharmacological inhibition of calpain activity resulted in comparable cardioprotection against I/R injury (recovery = 86% of baseline). The exercise-induced protection against I/R-induced calpain activation was not due to altered myocardial protein levels of calpain or calpastatin. However, exercise training was associated with increased myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity (Mn-SOD, catalase) and a reduction in oxidative stress. Importantly, exercise training also prevented the I/R-induced degradation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2a. These findings suggest that increases in endogenous antioxidants may diminish the free radical-mediated damage and/or degradation of Ca2+ handling proteins (such as SERCA2a) typically observed after I/R. In conclusion, these results support the concept that calpain activation is an important component of I/R-induced injury and that exercise training provides cardioprotection against I/R injury, at least in part, by attenuating I/R-induced calpain activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel P French
- Dept. of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Center for Exercise Science, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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19
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Koufaki M, Detsi A, Theodorou E, Kiziridi C, Calogeropoulou T, Vassilopoulos A, Kourounakis AP, Rekka E, Kourounakis PN, Gaitanaki C, Papazafiri P. Synthesis of chroman analogues of lipoic acid and evaluation of their activity against reperfusion arrhythmias. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:4835-41. [PMID: 15336262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel hybrids of lipoic acid and trolox connected through triamine spacers as well as analogues in which the lipoic acid was attached at different positions of the chroman moiety of vitamin E through an amide bond, were synthesized and exhibited strong inhibition of the microsomal lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the new molecules, at 1 microM concentration, reduced reperfusion arrhythmias and MDA content on isolated rat heart preparations, with the 2- and 5-subtituted chromans possessing the better cardioprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koufaki
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vasileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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20
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Blackhall ML, Coombes JS, Fassett R. The relationship between antioxidant supplements and oxidative stress in renal transplant recipients: a review. ASAIO J 2005; 50:451-7. [PMID: 15497384 DOI: 10.1097/01.mat.0000138077.90404.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) have elevated oxidative stress and a high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although recent studies do not support the use of antioxidant supplements as a cardioprotectant in the general population, evidence suggests that RTRs may represent individuals that would benefit from this therapy. RTRs have elevated oxidative stress probably caused by the immunosuppressive therapy, and although only a small number of studies have examined the effects of antioxidant supplementation in these patients, most have reported beneficial findings. This review discusses these studies along with the rationale for the use of antioxidant supplements in RTRs and a call for more research to investigate this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L Blackhall
- School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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21
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Hamilton KL, Quindry JC, French JP, Staib J, Hughes J, Mehta JL, Powers SK. MnSOD antisense treatment and exercise-induced protection against arrhythmias. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37:1360-8. [PMID: 15454275 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise provides protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R)-induced arrhythmias, myocardial stunning, and infarction. An exercise-induced increase in myocardial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity has been reported to be vital for protection against infarction. However, whether MnSOD is essential for exercise-induced protection against ventricular arrhythmias is unknown. We determined the effects of preventing the exercise-induced increase in MnSOD activity on arrhythmias during I-R resulting in myocardial stunning. Male rats remained sedentary or were subjected to successive bouts of endurance exercise. During in vivo myocardial I-R, the incidence of arrhythmias was significantly lower in the exercise-trained rats than in the sedentary rats as evidenced by the arrhythmia. When exercised rats were pretreated with antisense oligonucleotides directed against MnSOD, protection from arrhythmias was attenuated. Moreover, I-R resulted in significant increases in nitro-tyrosine (NT) in the sedentary group. Exercise abolished this I-R-induced NT formation but this protection was unchanged by antisense treatment. Protein carbonyls were increased by I-R, but neither exercise nor antisense treatment impacted carbonyl formation. These data demonstrate that an exercise-induced increase in MnSOD activity is important for protection against arrhythmias. The mechanism by which MnSOD provides protection does not appear to be linked to protein nitrosylation or oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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22
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Zergeroglu MA, McKenzie MJ, Shanely RA, Van Gammeren D, DeRuisseau KC, Powers SK. Mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95:1116-24. [PMID: 12777408 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00824.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) results in oxidative damage in the diaphragm; however, it is unclear whether this MV-induced oxidative injury occurs rapidly or develops slowly over time. Furthermore, it is unknown whether both soluble (cytosolic) and insoluble (myofibrillar) proteins are equally susceptible to oxidation during MV. These experiments tested two hypotheses: 1). MV-induced oxidative injury in the diaphragm occurs within the first 6 h after the initiation of MV; and 2). MV is associated with oxidative modification of both soluble and insoluble proteins. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into one of seven experimental groups: 1) control (n = 8); 2) 3-h MV (n = 8); 3). 6-h MV (n = 6); 4). 18-h MV (n = 8); 5). 3-h anesthesia-spontaneous breathing (n = 8); 6). 6-h anesthesia-spontaneous breathing (n = 6); and 7). 18-h anesthesia-spontaneous breathing (n = 8). Markers of oxidative injury in the diaphragm included the measurement of reactive (protein) carbonyl derivatives (RCD) and total lipid hydroperoxides. Three hours of MV did not result in oxidative injury in the diaphragm. In contrast, both 6 and 18 h of MV promoted oxidative injury in the diaphragm, as indicated by increases in both protein RCD and lipid hydroperoxides. Electrophoretic separation of soluble and insoluble proteins indicated that the MV-induced accumulation of RCD was limited to insoluble proteins with molecular masses of approximately 200, 120, 80, and 40 kDa. We conclude that MV results in a rapid onset of oxidative injury in the diaphragm and that insoluble proteins are primary targets of MV-induced protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat A Zergeroglu
- Department of Execise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
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23
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Durand G, Polidori A, Salles JP, Prost M, Durand P, Pucci B. Synthesis and antioxidant efficiency of a new amphiphilic spin-trap derived from PBN and lipoic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2673-6. [PMID: 12873491 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new amphiphilic antioxidant called PBNLP and derived from both alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and lipoic acid was described. Grafting a lactobionamide moiety onto the aromatic group of the PBN provided the water solubility of this compound. In vitro preliminary biological evaluations of its antioxidant capacity were performed using the KRL biological test based on free radical-induced hemolysis. The PBNLP induces a protection of erythrocytes against exogenous free radicals higher than that measured with lipoic acid or PBN alone or with lipoic acid or PBN derivatives in admixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaire Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France.
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24
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Cantor EJF, Mancini EV, Seth R, Yao XH, Netticadan T. Oxidative stress and heart disease: cardiac dysfunction, nutrition, and gene therapy. Curr Hypertens Rep 2003; 5:215-20. [PMID: 12724053 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-003-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The cardiovascular system is a major target for reactive oxygen species. Cardiomyocytes and the vasculature of the heart can be severely damaged as a result of oxidative stress. In this paper, we discuss recent findings with respect to the role of oxidative stress in heart disease. The efficacies of treatments with vitamins and wine-derived compounds, as well as innovative gene therapeutic experiments that may potentially alleviate oxidative stress-induced disease, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J F Cantor
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
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25
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Hamilton KL, Staib JL, Phillips T, Hess A, Lennon SL, Powers SK. Exercise, antioxidants, and HSP72: protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:800-9. [PMID: 12654467 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is associated with protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and has been shown to increase heat shock protein 72 (HSP72). Dietary antioxidants have also been reported to decrease I/R-induced injury. Because exercise and antioxidants may provide cardioprotection via different mechanisms, combining these countermeasures could provide additive protection. Alternatively, because exercise-induced oxidant production may promote expression of HSP72, antioxidants could attenuate exercise-induced HSP72 expression and decrease exercise-related cardioprotection. These experiments examined the individual and combined effects of exercise and antioxidants on myocardial I/R injury (in vivo). Rats receiving a mixed antioxidant diet or control diet were assigned to exercise or sedentary groups and randomized to receive: (i) short I/R (myocardial stunning), (ii) long I/R (myocardial infarction), or (iii) sham surgery. Antioxidants significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and attenuated exercise-related HSP72 accumulation. Nonetheless, during short I/R, exercise-trained animals demonstrated improved left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), independent of diet. Further, antioxidants alone resulted in improved LVDP. Finally, compared to control diet/sedentary animals, both exercise groups (control and antioxidant diets) and the antioxidant diet/sedentary group sustained smaller infarctions. We conclude that exercise and antioxidants can independently provide protection against myocardial contractile dysfunction and infarction, and the combination of these two strategies does not enhance or inhibit the protection observed with each individual countermeasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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26
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Gonzalez-Perez O, Gonzalez-Castañeda RE, Huerta M, Luquin S, Gomez-Pinedo U, Sanchez-Almaraz E, Navarro-Ruiz A, Garcia-Estrada J. Beneficial effects of alpha-lipoic acid plus vitamin E on neurological deficit, reactive gliosis and neuronal remodeling in the penumbra of the ischemic rat brain. Neurosci Lett 2002; 321:100-4. [PMID: 11872266 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the enhanced production of oxygen-derived free radicals contributes to neuronal death. The antioxidants alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E have shown synergistic effects against lipid peroxidation by oxidant radicals in several pathological conditions. A thromboembolic stroke model in rats was used to analyze the effects of this mixture under two oral treatments: intensive and prophylactic. Neurological functions, glial reactivity and neuronal remodeling were assessed after experimental infarction. Neurological recovery was only found in the prophylactic group, and both antioxidant schemes produced down-regulation of astrocytic and microglial reactivity, as well as higher neuronal remodeling in the penumbra area, as compared with controls. The beneficial effects of this antioxidant mixture suggest that it may be valuable for the treatment of cerebral ischemia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gonzalez-Perez
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO) del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada 800, Guadalajara Jalisco 44340, Mexico
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27
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Koufaki M, Calogeropoulou T, Detsi A, Roditis A, Kourounakis AP, Papazafiri P, Tsiakitzis K, Gaitanaki C, Beis I, Kourounakis PN. Novel potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation with protective effects against reperfusion arrhythmias. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4300-3. [PMID: 11708933 DOI: 10.1021/jm010962w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new compounds that contain lipoic acid and trolox connected through spacers were synthesized and examined for their antioxidant activity and their protective effects against reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated heart preparations. All compounds tested are strong inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes induced by ferrous ions and ascorbate. N-(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carbonyl)-N'-(1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine (13) exhibits anti-lipid peroxidation activity at the nanomolar range. N-(3,4-Dihydro-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carbonyl)-N'-(1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoyl)ethylenediamine (10) and 13 totally suppressed reperfusion arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koufaki
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vasileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
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28
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Coombes JS, Powers SK, Hamilton KL, Demirel HA, Shanely RA, Zergeroglu MA, Sen CK, Packer L, Ji LL. Improved cardiac performance after ischemia in aged rats supplemented with vitamin E and alpha-lipoic acid. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 279:R2149-55. [PMID: 11080080 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.6.r2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of these experiments was to examine the effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation with vitamin E (VE) and alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) on biochemical and physiological responses to in vivo myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in aged rats. Male Fischer-334 rats (18 mo old) were assigned to either 1) a control diet (CON) or 2) a VE and alpha-LA supplemented diet (ANTIOX). After a 14-wk feeding period, animals in each group underwent an in vivo I-R protocol (25 min of myocardial ischemia and 15 min of reperfusion). During reperfusion, peak arterial pressure was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ANTIOX animals compared with CON diet animals. I-R resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in myocardial lipid peroxidation in CON diet animals but not in ANTIOX animals. Compared with ANTIOX animals, heart homogenates from CON animals experienced significantly less (P < 0.05) oxidative damage when exposed to five different in vitro radical producing systems. These data indicate that dietary supplementation with VE and alpha-LA protects the aged rat heart from I-R-induced lipid peroxidation by scavenging numerous reactive oxygen species. Importantly, this protection is associated with improved cardiac performance during reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Coombes
- Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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