1
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Park C, Hwang IY, Yan SLS, Vimonpatranon S, Wei D, Van Ryk D, Girard A, Cicala C, Arthos J, Kehrl JH. Murine alveolar macrophages rapidly accumulate intranasally administered SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein leading to neutrophil recruitment and damage. eLife 2024; 12:RP86764. [PMID: 38507462 PMCID: PMC10954308 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mediates viral attachment facilitating cell entry. Most COVID-19 vaccines direct mammalian cells to express the Spike protein or deliver it directly via inoculation to engender a protective immune response. The trafficking and cellular tropism of the Spike protein in vivo and its impact on immune cells remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we inoculated mice intranasally, intravenously, and subcutaneously with fluorescently labeled recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Using flow cytometry and imaging techniques, we analyzed its localization, immune cell tropism, and acute functional impact. Intranasal administration led to rapid lung alveolar macrophage uptake, pulmonary vascular leakage, and neutrophil recruitment and damage. When injected near the inguinal lymph node medullary, but not subcapsular macrophages, captured the protein, while scrotal injection recruited and fragmented neutrophils. Widespread endothelial and liver Kupffer cell uptake followed intravenous administration. Human peripheral blood cells B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells all efficiently bound Spike protein. Exposure to the Spike protein enhanced neutrophil NETosis and augmented human macrophage TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 production. Human and murine immune cells employed C-type lectin receptors and Siglecs to help capture the Spike protein. This study highlights the potential toxicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for mammalian cells and illustrates the central role for alveolar macrophage in pathogenic protein uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Park
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Il-Young Hwang
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Serena Li-Sue Yan
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sinmanus Vimonpatranon
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences – United States ComponentBangkokThailand
| | - Danlan Wei
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Don Van Ryk
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Alexandre Girard
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - James Arthos
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaUnited States
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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2
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Park C, Hwang IY, Yan SLS, Vimonpatranon S, Wei D, Van Ryk D, Girard A, Cicala C, Arthos J, Kehrl JH. Murine Alveolar Macrophages Rapidly Accumulate Intranasally Administered SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein leading to Neutrophil Recruitment and Damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532446. [PMID: 37090605 PMCID: PMC10120727 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein mediates viral attachment facilitating cell entry. Most COVID-19 vaccines direct mammalian cells to express the Spike protein or deliver it directly via inoculation to engender a protective immune response. The trafficking and cellular tropism of the Spike protein in vivo and its impact on immune cells remains incompletely elucidated. In this study we inoculated mice intranasally, intravenously, and subcutaneously with fluorescently labeled recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Using flow cytometry and imaging techniques we analyzed its localization, immune cell tropism, and acute functional impact. Intranasal administration led to rapid lung alveolar macrophage uptake, pulmonary vascular leakage, and neutrophil recruitment and damage. When injected near the inguinal lymph node medullary, but not subcapsular macrophages, captured the protein, while scrotal injection recruited and fragmented neutrophils. Wide-spread endothelial and liver Kupffer cell uptake followed intravenous administration. Human peripheral blood cells B cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and myeloid dendritic cells all efficiently bound Spike protein. Exposure to the Spike protein enhanced neutrophil NETosis and augmented human macrophage TNF-α and IL-6 production. Human and murine immune cells employed C-type lectin receptors and Siglecs to help capture the Spike protein. This study highlights the potential toxicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein for mammalian cells and illustrates the central role for alveolar macrophage in pathogenic protein uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Park
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Il-Young Hwang
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Serena Li-Sue Yan
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sinmanus Vimonpatranon
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences – United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danlan Wei
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Don Van Ryk
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Girard
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Arthos
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John H. Kehrl
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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3
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Akiyama M, Eura Y, Kokame K. Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 mediate the endocytosis of ADAMTS13. Thromb Res 2022; 219:49-59. [PMID: 36116391 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasma metalloprotease ADAMTS13 regulates the thrombotic activity of the von Willebrand factor (VWF). ADAMTS13 is highly glycosylated and its carbohydrate chains are capped with sialic acid (SA). Thus, ADAMTS13 may interact with carbohydrate- and/or SA-binding plasma membrane receptors that are involved in the clearance of various plasma proteins. We have investigated ADAMTS13 endocytosis via Siglecs, which were originally identified as SA-binding immunoreceptor family proteins expressed on leukocytes and are also known as endocytic receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Endocytic internalization of fluorescently labeled ADAMTS13 into HEK293 cells expressing Siglecs was examined via fluorescence microscopy. In vitro binding of ADAMTS13 to the extracellular region of Siglec-5 was examined. Plasma ADAMTS13 activity in human Siglec-5-expressing mice was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Siglec-5- and Siglec-14-expressing cells internalized not only full-length ADAMTS13 (FL) but also the truncated form (MDTCS) at least partly in an SA-independent manner. Replacement of the V-set domain of Siglec-14 with that of Siglec-3 abrogated the internalization of ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 directly bound to the extracellular region of Siglec-5 in vitro. Expression of Siglec-5 in the mouse liver resulted in a significant decrease in plasma ADAMTS13 activity. These results suggest that Siglec-5 and Siglec-14, which have nearly identical ligand-binding domains, may contribute to the regulation of plasma ADAMTS13 levels as endocytic receptors for ADAMTS13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Eura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Cadé M, Muñoz-Garcia J, Babuty A, Fouassier M, Heymann MF, Monahan PE, Heymann D. FVIII at the crossroad of coagulation, bone and immune biology: Emerging evidence of biological activities beyond hemostasis. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:102-116. [PMID: 34311113 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia A is an X-linked hereditary disorder that results from deficient coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) activity, leading to spontaneous bleeding episodes, particularly in joints and muscles. FVIII deficiency has been associated with altered bone remodeling, dysregulated macrophage polarization, and inflammatory processes that are associated with the neoformation of abnormal blood vessels. Treatment based on FVIII replacement can lead to the development of inhibitors that render FVIII concentrate infusion ineffective. In this context, hemophilia has entered a new therapeutic era with the development of new drugs, such as emicizumab, that seek to restore the hemostatic balance by bypassing pathologically acquired antibodies. We discuss the potential extrahemostatic functions of FVIII that may be crucial for defining future therapies in hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Cadé
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain 44805, France
| | - Javier Muñoz-Garcia
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain 44805, France
| | - Antoine Babuty
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain 44805, France; Department of Haemostasis, CHU de Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie-Francoise Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain 44805, France
| | - Paul E Monahan
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain 44805, France; University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield, UK.
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5
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Yang D, Yang L, Cai J, Hu X, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen X, Dong H, Nie H, Li Y. A sweet spot for macrophages: Focusing on polarization. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105576. [PMID: 33771700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a type of functionally plastic cells that can create a pro-/anti-inflammatory microenvironment for organs by producing different kinds of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors to regulate immunity and inflammatory responses. In addition, they can also be induced to adopt different phenotypes in response to extracellular and intracellular signals, a process defined as M1/M2 polarization. Growing evidence indicates that glycobiology is closely associated with this polarization process. In this research, we review studies of the roles of glycosylation, glucose metabolism, and key lectins in the regulation of macrophages function and polarization to provide a new perspective for immunotherapies for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Jialing Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Xibo Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huaxin Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Xinghe Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Haiyang Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Huan Nie
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
| | - Yu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China.
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6
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Chang LY, Low PY, Sridharan D, Gerlovin K, Angata T. Preparation of Recombinant Siglecs and Identification of Their Ligands. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:85-98. [PMID: 32306317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are transmembrane receptor-like vertebrate lectins that recognize glycans containing sialic acid. Most Siglecs also interact with intracellular signal transduction molecules, and modulate immune responses. Recombinant soluble Siglecs fused with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of immunoglobulin G (Siglec-Fc) are a versatile tool for the investigation of Siglec functions. We describe protocols for the production of recombinant Siglec-Fc, the analysis of expression of Siglec ligands by flow cytometry, and the identification of the Siglec ligand candidates based on proximity labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Yi Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Penk Yeir Low
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deepa Sridharan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Huang PCJ, Low PY, Wang I, Hsu STD, Angata T. Soluble Siglec-14 glycan-recognition protein is generated by alternative splicing and suppresses myeloid inflammatory responses. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19645-19658. [PMID: 30377253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 14 (Siglec-14) is a glycan-recognition protein that is expressed on myeloid cells, recognizes bacterial pathogens, and elicits pro-inflammatory responses. Although Siglec-14 is a transmembrane protein, a soluble form of Siglec-14 is also present in human blood. However, the mechanism that generates soluble Siglec-14 and what role this protein form may play remain unknown. Here, investigating the generation and function of soluble Siglec-14, we found that soluble Siglec-14 is derived from an alternatively spliced mRNA that retains intron 5, containing a termination codon and thus preventing the translation of exon 6, which encodes Siglec-14's transmembrane domain. We also note that the translated segment in intron 5 encodes a unique C-terminal 7-amino acid extension, which allowed the specific antibody-mediated detection of this isoform in human blood. Moreover, soluble Siglec-14 dose-dependently suppressed pro-inflammatory responses of myeloid cells that expressed membrane-bound Siglec-14, likely by interfering with the interaction between membrane-bound Siglec-14 and Toll-like receptor 2 on the cell surface. We also found that intron 5 contains a G-rich segment that assumes an RNA tertiary structure called a G-quadruplex, which may regulate the efficiency of intron 5 splicing. Taken together, we propose that soluble Siglec-14 suppresses pro-inflammatory responses triggered by membrane-bound Siglec-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Jimmy Huang
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and.,the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Penk-Yeir Low
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and
| | - Iren Wang
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and.,the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- From the Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115 and .,the Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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8
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Alkhodair K, Almhanna H, McGetrick J, Gedair S, Gallagher ME, Fernandez-Fuertes B, Tharmalingam T, Larsen PB, Fitzpatrick E, Lonergan P, Evans ACO, Carrington SD, Reid CJ. Siglec expression on the surface of human, bull and ram sperm. Reproduction 2018; 155:361-371. [PMID: 29581386 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is a major constituent of both the sperm glycocalyx and female reproductive mucosal surface and is involved in regulating sperm migration, uterotubal reservoir formation and oocyte binding. Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin - like lectins) commonly found on immune cells, bind to Sia in a linkage- and sugar-specific manner and often mediate cell-to-cell interactions and signalling. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of human and bovine sperm have listed Siglecs, but to date, their presence and/or localisation on sperm has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the presence of Siglecs on the surface of bovine, human and ovine sperm using both immunostaining and Western blotting. Siglec 1, 2, 5, 6, 10 and 14 were identified and displayed both species- and regional-specific expression on sperm. Almost universal expression across Siglecs and species was evident in the sperm neck and midpiece region while variable expression among Siglecs, similar among species, was detected in the head and tail regions of the sperm. The possible role for these proteins on sperm is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alkhodair
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Almhanna
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - J McGetrick
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Gedair
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M E Gallagher
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Fernandez-Fuertes
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Tharmalingam
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P B Larsen
- Cryos International - Denmark ApSAarhus, Denmark
| | - E Fitzpatrick
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A C O Evans
- School of Agriculture and Food ScienceUniversity College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S D Carrington
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C J Reid
- School of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Pepin M, Mezouar S, Pegon J, Muczynski V, Adam F, Bianchini EP, Bazaa A, Proulle V, Rupin A, Paysant J, Panicot-Dubois L, Christophe OD, Dubois C, Lenting PJ, Denis CV. Soluble Siglec-5 associates to PSGL-1 and displays anti-inflammatory activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37953. [PMID: 27892504 PMCID: PMC5125011 DOI: 10.1038/srep37953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between endothelial selectins and the leukocyte counter-receptor PSGL1 mediates leukocyte recruitment to inflammation sites. PSGL1 is highly sialylated, making it a potential ligand for Siglec-5, a leukocyte-receptor that recognizes sialic acid structures. Binding assays using soluble Siglec-5 variants (sSiglec-5/C4BP and sSiglec-5/Fc) revealed a dose- and calcium-dependent binding to PSGL1. Pre-treatment of PSGL1 with sialidase reduced Siglec-5 binding by 79 ± 4%. In confocal immune-fluorescence assays, we observed that 50% of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) simultaneously express PSGL1 and Siglec-5. Duolink-proximity ligation analysis demonstrated that PSGL1 and Siglec-5 are in close proximity (<40 nm) in 31 ± 4% of PBMCs. In vitro perfusion assays revealed that leukocyte-rolling over E- and P-selectin was inhibited by sSiglec-5/Fc or sSiglec-5/C4BP, while adhesion onto VCAM1 was unaffected. When applied to healthy mice (0.8 mg/kg), sSiglec-5/C4BP significantly reduced the number of rolling leukocytes under basal conditions (10.9 ± 3.7 versus 23.5 ± 9.3 leukocytes/field/min for sSiglec-5/C4BP-treated and control mice, respectively; p = 0.0093). Moreover, leukocyte recruitment was inhibited over a 5-h observation period in an in vivo model of TNFalpha-induced inflammation following injection sSiglec-5/C4BP (0.8 mg/kg). Our data identify PSGL1 as a ligand for Siglec-5, and soluble Siglec-5 variants appear efficient in blocking PSGL1-mediated leukocyte rolling and the inflammatory response in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Pepin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm UMR_S 1076, (VRCM) Vascular Research Center of Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Pegon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vincent Muczynski
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Adam
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elsa P Bianchini
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Amine Bazaa
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Valerie Proulle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Bicetre, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alain Rupin
- Institut de Recherche International Servier, Recherche Translationelle et Clinique Oncologie, 92150, Suresnes, France
| | - Jerome Paysant
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Unité de Recherche et de Découverte Cardiovasculaire, 92150, Suresnes, France
| | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm UMR_S 1076, (VRCM) Vascular Research Center of Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier D Christophe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm UMR_S 1076, (VRCM) Vascular Research Center of Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Peter J Lenting
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile V Denis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1176, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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10
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Lai JD, Georgescu MT, Hough C, Lillicrap D. To clear or to fear: An innate perspective on factor VIII immunity. Cell Immunol 2015; 301:82-9. [PMID: 26547364 PMCID: PMC7124272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
FVIII inhibitor development involves a combination of innate immune modulators. Clearance and immunity is influenced at 3 levels: the protein, cell, and location. Cells associated with FVIII half-life may influence the immune response against FVIII.
The enigma that is factor VIII immunogenicity remains ever pertinent in the treatment of hemophilia A. Development of neutralizing antibodies against the therapeutic protein in 25–30% of patients likely depends on the appropriate activation of the innate immune response shortly following antigen encounter. Our understanding of this important immunological synapse remains ill-defined. In this review, we examine the three distinct factors contributing to the fate of factor VIII almost immediately after infusion: the characteristics of the protein, the cell, and the microenvironment. We propose a continuum between clearance and antigen presentation that facilitates removal of FVIII from circulation leading to either tolerance or immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Derek Lai
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Christine Hough
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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11
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Escalona Z, Álvarez B, Uenishi H, Toki D, Yuste M, Revilla C, Gómez del Moral M, Alonso F, Ezquerra A, Domínguez J. Molecular characterization and expression of porcine Siglec-5. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:206-216. [PMID: 24382335 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study we describe the characterization of the porcine orthologue of Siglec-5. A cDNa clone was obtained from a porcine cDNa library derived from swine small intestine which encodes a 555 a-a type 1 transmembrane protein with sequence homology to human Siglec-5. This protein consists of four Ig-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail with two tyrosine-based signalling motifs. When expressed as a recombinant protein fused to the Fc region of human IgG1, porcine Siglec-5 was able to bind porcine red blood cells in a sialic acid-dependent manner. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were developed against porcine Siglec-5 and used to analyse its expression in bone marrow and blood cells, and lymphoid tissues. Porcine Siglec-5 expression was mainly restricted to myelomonocytic cells and their precursors, being detected also, although at low levels, on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B lymphocytes. In lymphoid tissues, ellipsoids of the spleen and subcapsular and medullar sinuses of lymph nodes were positive for Siglec-5. These mAbs were able to precipitate, from granulocyte lysates, a protein of approximately 85 kDa under non-reducing conditions, indicating that porcine Siglec-5 is expressed as a monomer in the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Escalona
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - B Álvarez
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - H Uenishi
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - D Toki
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - M Yuste
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Revilla
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gómez del Moral
- Dpto. de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Alonso
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ezquerra
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Domínguez
- Dpto. de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Abstract
Siglecs are cell-surface proteins found primarily on hematopoietic cells. By definition, they are members of the immunoglobulin gene super-family and bind sialic acid. Most contain cytoplasmic tyrosine motifs implicated in cell signaling. This review will first summarize characteristics common and unique to Siglecs, followed by a discussion of each human Siglec in numerical order, mentioning in turn its closest murine ortholog or paralog. Each section will describe its pattern of cellular expression, latest known immune functions, ligands, and signaling pathways, with the focus being predominantly on CD33-related Siglecs. Potential clinical and therapeutic implications of each Siglec will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Gunten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-6821, USA
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13
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Zhuravleva MA, Trandem K, Sun PD. Structural implications of Siglec-5-mediated sialoglycan recognition. J Mol Biol 2007; 375:437-47. [PMID: 18022638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 09/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) Ig-like binding lectins are important mediators of recognition and signaling events among myeloid cells. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying sialic acid Ig-like lectin (Siglec) functions, we determined the crystal structure of the two N-terminal extracellular domains of human myeloid cell inhibitory receptor Siglec-5 (CD170) and its complexes with two sialylated carbohydrates. The native structure revealed an unusual conformation of the CC' ligand specificity loop and a unique interdomain disulfide bond. The alpha(2,3)- and alpha(2,6)-sialyllactose complexed structures showed a conserved Sia recognition motif that involves both Arg124 and a portion of the G-strand in the V-set domain forming beta-sheet-like hydrogen bonds with the glycerol side chain of the Sia. Only few protein contacts to the subterminal sugars are observed and mediated by the highly variable GG' linker and CC' loop. These structural observations, in conjunction with surface plasmon resonance binding assays, provide mechanistic insights into linkage-dependent Siglec carbohydrate recognition and suggest that Siglec-5 and other CD33-related Siglec receptors are more promiscuous in sialoglycan recognition than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Zhuravleva
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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14
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Gunnarsson P, Levander L, Påhlsson P, Grenegård M. The acute‐phase protein α1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) induces rises in cytosolic Ca2+in neutrophil granulocytesviasialic acid binding immunoglobulin‐like lectins (Siglecs). FASEB J 2007; 21:4059-69. [PMID: 17675532 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-8534com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied whether the acute-phase protein alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) induces rises in [Ca2+]i in neutrophils and sought to identify the corresponding AGP receptor (or receptors). We found that AGP elicited a minimal rise in [Ca2+]i in Fura-2-loaded neutrophils, and this response was markedly enhanced by pretreatment with anti-L-selectin antibodies. (The EC50 value of the AGP-induced Ca2+ response was 9 microg/ml.) Activation of phospholipase-C, Src tyrosine kinases, and PI3 kinases proved to be essential for the AGP-mediated increase in [Ca2+]i, whereas the p38 MAPK and SYK signaling pathways were not involved. Furthermore, antibodies against sialic acid binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin 5 (Siglec-5) and oligosaccharide 3'-sialyl-lactose both antagonized the AGP-induced response and caused an immediate increase in [Ca2+]i in anti-L-selectin-treated neutrophils, which indicates a signaling capacity of Siglec-5. We used modified forms of AGP (treated with mild periodate or neuraminidase) to establish the importance of sialic acid residues. The modified forms of AGP caused a much smaller rise in [Ca2+]i than did unaltered AGP. Affinity chromatography confirmed that unchanged AGP, but not neuraminidase-treated AGP, bound to Siglec-5. Our report provides the first evidence for a signaling capacity by AGP through a defined receptor. Pre-engagement of L-selectin significantly enhanced this signaling capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gunnarsson
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Care, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
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15
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Lebbink RJ, Meyaard L. Non-MHC ligands for inhibitory immune receptors: novel insights and implications for immune regulation. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:2153-64. [PMID: 17188357 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cellular responses by inhibitory receptors is crucial for proper function of the immune system. The prototype inhibitory immune receptors are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I binding killer-Ig like receptors (KIRs) present on effector cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and effector T cells. However, the recent identification of non-MHC class I ligands for inhibitory immune receptors, such as KLRG1, KLRB1 and LAIR-1, indicates that also MHC class I-independent inhibitory immune receptors play crucial roles in inducing peripheral tolerance. The presence of these receptors on many other immune cell types besides effector cells suggests that tight regulation of cell activation is necessary in all facets of the immune response in both normal and diseased tissue. Here, we review novel insights and implications of non-MHC class I ligand binding to inhibitory immune receptors. We give an overview of the known ligand-receptor pairs by grouping the ligands according to their properties and discuss implications of these interactions for the maintenance of immune balance and for the defense against tumors and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jan Lebbink
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rm KC02.085.2, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Angata T, Hayakawa T, Yamanaka M, Varki A, Nakamura M. Discovery of Siglec-14, a novel sialic acid receptor undergoing concerted evolution with Siglec-5 in primates. FASEB J 2006; 20:1964-73. [PMID: 17012248 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-5800com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune receptors that show high mutual sequence similarity and have antagonizing signaling properties are called paired receptors, and are believed to fine-tune immune responses. Siglecs are sialic acid-recognizing receptors of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily expressed on immune cells. Human Siglec-5, encoded by SIGLEC5 gene, has four extracellular Ig-like domains and a cytosolic inhibitory motif. We discovered human Siglec-14 with three Ig-like domains, encoded by the SIGLEC14 gene, adjacent to SIGLEC5. Human Siglec-14 has almost complete sequence identity with human Siglec-5 at the first two Ig-like domains, shows a glycan binding preference similar to that of human Siglec-5, and associates with the activating adapter protein DAP12. Thus, Siglec-14 and Siglec-5 appear to be the first glycan binding paired receptors. Near-complete sequence identity of the amino-terminal part of human Siglec-14 and Siglec-5 indicates partial gene conversion between SIGLEC14 and SIGLEC5. Remarkably, SIGLEC14 and SIGLEC5 in other primates also show evidence of gene conversions within each lineage. Evidently, balancing the interactions between Siglec-14, Siglec-5 and their common ligand(s) had selective advantage during the course of evolution. The "essential arginine" critical for sialic acid recognition in both Siglec-14 and Siglec-5 is present in humans but mutated in almost all great ape alleles.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Arginine/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Conversion
- Humans
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Primates
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of acidic sugars with a 9-carbon backbone, prominently expressed in animals of deuterostome lineage. Siglecs are the largest family of vertebrate endogenous receptors that recognize glycoconjugates containing sialic acids. Although a few Siglecs are well-conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and show similar binding preference regardless of the species of origin, most others, particularly the CD33-related subfamily of Siglecs, show marked inter-species differences in repertoire, sequence, and binding preference. The diversification of CD33-related Siglecs may be driven by direct competition against pathogens, and/or by necessity to catch up with the changing landscape of endogenous glycans, which may in turn be changing to escape exploitation by other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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18
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Attrill H, Takazawa H, Witt S, Kelm S, Isecke R, Brossmer R, Ando T, Ishida H, Kiso M, Crocker P, van Aalten D. The structure of siglec-7 in complex with sialosides: leads for rational structure-based inhibitor design. Biochem J 2006; 397:271-8. [PMID: 16623661 PMCID: PMC1513286 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins) are transmembrane receptors for sialylated glycoconjugates that modulate cellular interactions and signalling events in the haematopoietic, immune and nervous systems. Siglec-7 is a structural prototype for the recently described family of immune inhibitory CD33-related siglecs and is predominantly expressed on natural killer cells and monocytes, as well as subsets of CD8 T-cells. Siglec-specific inhibitors are desired for the detection of masked and unmasked forms of siglecs, to aid in dissection of signalling pathways and as tools to investigate siglecs as potential therapeutic targets. As a first step towards this end, we present the crystal structure of siglec-7 in complex with a sialylated ligand, the ganglioside analogue DSLc4 [alpha(2,3)/alpha(2,6) disialyl lactotetraosyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl], which allows for a detailed description of the binding site, required for structure-guided inhibitor design. Mutagenesis and binding assays were used to demonstrate a key structural role for Lys131, a residue that changes conformation upon sialic acid binding. Differences between the binding sites of siglec family members were then exploited using alpha-methyl Neu5Ac (N-acetylneuraminic acid) as a basic scaffold. A co-crystal of siglec-7 in complex with the sialoside inhibitor, oxamido-Neu5Ac [methyl alpha-9-(amino-oxalyl-amino)-9-deoxy-Neu5Ac] and inhibition data for the sialosides gives clear leads for future inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Attrill
- *Divisions of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
- †Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Hirokazu Takazawa
- †Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Simone Witt
- ‡Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Soerge Kelm
- ‡Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Isecke
- §Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Brossmer
- §Biochemistry Center Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takayuki Ando
- ¶Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- ¶Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Makoto Kiso
- ¶Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Paul R. Crocker
- †Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
| | - Daan M. F. van Aalten
- *Divisions of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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19
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Biedermann B, Gil D, Bowen DT, Crocker PR. Analysis of the CD33-related siglec family reveals that Siglec-9 is an endocytic receptor expressed on subsets of acute myeloid leukemia cells and absent from normal hematopoietic progenitors. Leuk Res 2006; 31:211-20. [PMID: 16828866 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CD33 (Siglec-3) is expressed on most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and is currently being exploited as a therapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and potential utility of the seven recently described CD33-related siglecs as markers in AML. Besides CD33, Siglec-9 was the most highly expressed, particularly on AML cells with features of monocytic differentiation that also expressed Siglecs-5 and -7. Siglec-9 was absent from normal bone marrow myeloid progenitors but present on monocytic precursors. Using primary AML cells or transfected rat basophilic leukemia cells, Siglec-9 mediated rapid endocytosis of anti-Siglec-9 mAb. In contrast to CD33 and Siglec-5, levels of soluble Siglec-9 were low or undetectable in bone marrow plasma from AML patients and serum from normal donors. These features suggest that Siglec-9 provides not only a useful marker for certain subsets of AML, but also a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Biedermann
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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20
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Yokoi H, Myers A, Matsumoto K, Crocker PR, Saito H, Bochner BS. Alteration and acquisition of Siglecs during in vitro maturation of CD34+ progenitors into human mast cells. Allergy 2006; 61:769-76. [PMID: 16677248 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using human mast cells (MC) derived by culture of CD34+ peripheral blood precursors, a comprehensive study was performed of expression of 11 known Siglecs. Analysis was initially performed at the mRNA level using gene arrays. Positive results were then validated at the protein level using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, and for some Siglecs, Western blot analysis was also used. Culture-derived MC expressed mRNA for CD22 (Siglec-2), CD33 (Siglec-3), Siglec-5, Siglec-6, Siglec-8 and Siglec-10. Flow cytometry confirmed surface expression of all these molecules except for CD22 and Siglec-10, where levels were low or undetectable. However, Western blotting was able to detect MC expression of CD22 and Siglec-10, suggesting that these proteins were mostly cytoplasmic. CD34+ precursor cells from peripheral blood constitutively expressed surface CD33, Siglec-5 and Siglec-10. As they matured into MC, their constitutive levels of CD33 changed little, Siglec-5 and Siglec-10 declined, and Siglec-6 and Siglec-8 appeared de novo, all in parallel with accumulation of histamine and other MC markers, such as surface expression of FcepsilonRIalpha, and CD51. Phenotypic analysis of LAD-2 MC yielded a similar pattern of Siglec expression except that CD22 expression was particularly prominent. Finally, immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of these same Siglecs by mature tryptase-positive MC in human lung tissues. These data demonstrate an extensive and previously unappreciated pattern of Siglec expression on human MC. Whether engagement and signaling through these inhibitory Siglecs can impact MC biology will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yokoi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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21
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Abstract
Animal glycan-recognizing proteins can be broadly classified into two groups-lectins (which typically contain an evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate-recognition domain [CRD]) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (SGAG)-binding proteins (which appear to have evolved by convergent evolution). Proteins other than antibodies and T-cell receptors that mediate glycan recognition via immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains are called "I-type lectins." The major homologous subfamily of I-type lectins with sialic acid (Sia)-binding properties and characteristic amino-terminal structural features are called the "Siglecs" (Sia-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectins). The Siglecs can be divided into two groups: an evolutionarily conserved subgroup (Siglecs-1, -2, and -4) and a CD33/Siglec-3-related subgroup (Siglecs-3 and -5-13 in primates), which appear to be rapidly evolving. This article provides an overview of historical and current information about the Siglecs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Varki
- Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
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22
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Avril T, Freeman SD, Attrill H, Clarke RG, Crocker PR. Siglec-5 (CD170) Can Mediate Inhibitory Signaling in the Absence of Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif Phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:19843-51. [PMID: 15769739 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m502041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Siglec-5 (CD170) is a member of the recently described human CD33-related siglec subgroup of sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins and is expressed on myeloid cells of the hemopoietic system. Similar to other CD33-related siglecs, Siglec-5 contains two tyrosine-based motifs in its cytoplasmic tail implicated in signaling functions. To investigate the role of these motifs in Siglec-5-dependent signaling, we used transfected rat basophil leukemia cells as a model system. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Siglec-5 led to recruitment of the tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2, as seen in both pull-down assays and microscopy. Siglec-5 could efficiently inhibit FcepsilonRI-mediated calcium fluxing and serotonin release after co-cross-linking. Surprisingly, a double tyrosine to alanine mutant of Siglec-5 could still mediate strong inhibition of serotonin release in the absence of detectable tyrosine phosphorylation, whereas a double tyrosine to phenylalanine mutant lost all inhibitory activity. In comparison, suppression of Siglec-5-dependent adhesion to red blood cells was reversed by either tyrosine to alanine or tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations of the membrane proximal tyrosine-based motif. Using an in vitro phosphatase assay with synthetic and recombinant forms of the cytoplasmic tail, it was shown that a double alanine mutant of Siglec-5 had weak, but significant SHP-1 activating properties similar to those of wild type, non-phosphorylated cytoplasmic tail, whereas a double phenylalanine mutant was inactive. These findings establish that Siglec-5 can be classified as an inhibitory receptor with the potential to mediate SHP-1 and/or SHP-2-dependent signaling in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cell Adhesion/physiology
- Cell Line
- DNA/genetics
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Lectins/chemistry
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Rats
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Tyrosine/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Avril
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, The Wellcome Trust Biocentre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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23
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Jorgensen-Tye B, Levesque JP, Royle L, Doyonnas R, Chan JYH, Dwek RA, Rudd PM, Harvey DJ, Simmons PJ, Watt SM. Epitope recognition of antibodies that define the sialomucin, endolyn (CD164), a negative regulator of haematopoiesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:220-39. [PMID: 15730515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endolyn (CD164) is a sialomucin that functions as an adhesion molecule and a negative regulator of CD34+ CD38- human haematopoietic precursor cell proliferation. The 105A5 and 103B2/9E10 CD164 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which act as surrogate ligands, recognize distinct glycosylation-dependent classes I and II epitopes located on domain I of the native and recombinant CD164 proteins. Here, we document five new CD164 mAbs, the 96 series, that rely on conformational integrity, but not glycosylation, of exons 2- and 3-encoded CD164 domains, thereby resembling the class III mAbs, N6B6 and 67D2. Although all the 96 series class III mAbs labelled both the 105A5+ and 103B2/9E10+ cells, cross-competition and immunoblotting studies allow them to be categorized into two distinct class III subgroups, i.e. the N6B6-like subgroup that only recognizes 80-100 kDa proteins and the 67D2-like subgroup that also recognizes a higher molecular weight (>220 kDa) form. To more closely define the reactivity patterns of mAbs to the classes I and II epitopes, the global glycosylation patterns of the soluble human (h) CD164 proteins were determined using lectin binding, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. hCD164 recombinant proteins bound to the lectins, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin, Datura stramonium agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, Maackia amurensis agglutinin and peanut agglutinin, indicating the presence of high mannose and complex N-glycans, in addition to core 1 O-glycans (the Tn antigen) and alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 sialic acid moieties. Our HPLC and mass spectrometry results revealed both high mannose and complex N-glycosylation with various numbers of branches increasing the complexity of the glycosylation pattern. Most O-glycans were small, core 1 or 2 based. High levels of sialylation in alpha2-3 and alpha2-6 linkages, without sialyl-Lewis X, indicate that the majority of these hCD164 recombinant proteins are unable to bind to selectins in our assay system, but may interact with Siglec molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jorgensen-Tye
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Blood Service and Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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24
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Staub E, Rosenthal A, Hinzmann B. Systematic identification of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs in the human proteome. Cell Signal 2004; 16:435-56. [PMID: 14709333 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2003.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) are short sequences of the consensus (ILV)-x-x-Y-x-(LV) in the cytoplasmic tail of immune receptors. The phosphorylation of tyrosines in ITIMs is known to be an important signalling mechanism regulating the activation of immune cells. The shortness of the motif makes it difficult to predict ITIMs in large protein databases. Simple pattern searches find ITIMs in approximately 30% of the protein sequences in the RefSeq database. The majority are false positive predictions. We propose a new database search strategy for ITIM-bearing transmembrane receptors based on the use of sequence context, i.e. the predictions of signal peptides, transmembrane helices (TMs) and protein domains. Our new protocol allowed us to narrow down the number of potential human ITIM receptors to 109 proteins (0.7% of RefPep). Of these, 36 have been described as ITIM receptors in the literature before. Many ITIMs are conserved between orthologous human and mouse proteins which represent novel ITIM receptor candidates. Publicly available DNA array expression data revealed that ITIM receptors are not exclusively expressed in blood cells. We hypothesise that ITIM signalling is not restricted to immune cells, but also functions in diverse solid organs of mouse and man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Staub
- MetaGen Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Oudenarderstr. 16, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
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Virgo P, Denning-Kendall PA, Erickson-Miller CL, Singha S, Evely R, Hows JM, Freeman SD. Identification of the CD33-related Siglec receptor, Siglec-5 (CD170), as a useful marker in both normal myelopoiesis and acute myeloid leukaemias. Br J Haematol 2003; 123:420-30. [PMID: 14617000 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-5 or CD170 is a CD33-related receptor, containing cytoplasmic immune receptor-based tyrosine signalling motifs, that has previously been reported to be myeloid-specific like CD33 and thus may be useful in the characterization of both normal and malignant haemopoiesis. This study showed that Siglec-5 had a distinct expression pattern to CD33 both on normal myeloid cells and in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In normal bone marrow and cord blood, myeloid cells predominantly expressed Siglec-5 at the later stages of granulocytic differentiation. Siglec-5 was not expressed at significant levels by CD34+ progenitors either from bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood. During in vitro myeloid differentiation of cord blood purified CD34+ cells, Siglec-5 was upregulated later than CD33. Siglec-5 expression remained absent or very low on cultured CD34+ cells, unlike CD33, which was present on almost all CD34+ cells by day 4. However, analysis of blasts from 23 patients with AML revealed aberrant expression of Siglec-5 with CD34 in 50% (seven of 14) of patients with CD34+ AML; 61% (14 of 23) of AML cases were positive for Siglec-5 with an increased frequency in the French-American-British subtypes M3-5 (80%) compared with M0-2 (25%). All 13 acute lymphoblastic leukaemic (ALL) samples tested, including a CD33+ ALL, were Siglec-5 negative. These results support the further evaluation of Siglec-5 antibodies in the diagnosis and monitoring of AML.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies/blood
- Antibodies/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Biomarkers/analysis
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Child
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Infant, Newborn
- Lectins/analysis
- Lectins/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Myelopoiesis/immunology
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
- Stem Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Virgo
- Department of Immunology and Immunogenetics, North Bristol, NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Jones C, Virji M, Crocker PR. Recognition of sialylated meningococcal lipopolysaccharide by siglecs expressed on myeloid cells leads to enhanced bacterial uptake. Mol Microbiol 2003; 49:1213-25. [PMID: 12940982 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03634.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) are expressed predominantly in the haemopoietic and immune systems and exhibit specificities for both the linkage and the nature of sialic acids in N-glycans, O-glycans and glycolipids. Several siglecs, including sialoadhesin (Sn, siglec-1) and siglec-5, bind to NeuAcalpha2,3Gal, a terminal capping structure that can also be displayed on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). In the present study, we examined the potential of siglecs expressed on cells of the immune system to function as receptors for sialylated Nm. We used sialylated and non-sialylated LPS derivatives of two serogroups (A and B) of Nm in this study. Using recombinant chimeric soluble receptors, siglec-transfected cell lines and macrophages from wild-type and Sn-deficient mice, we observed that sialylated but not non-sialylated variants of either genetic background were specifically recognized by Sn and siglec-5, whereas other siglecs examined were ineffective. In addition, macrophages expressing Sn, as well as transfectants expressing Sn or siglec-5, bound and phagocytosed sialylated bacteria in a siglec- and sialic acid-dependent manner. This study demonstrates that Nm LPS sialylation can lead to increased bacterial susceptibility to phagocytic uptake, a phenomenon in direct contrast to previously reported protective effects of LPS sialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jones
- The Wellcome Trust Biocentre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Blixt O, Collins BE, van den Nieuwenhof IM, Crocker PR, Paulson JC. Sialoside specificity of the siglec family assessed using novel multivalent probes: identification of potent inhibitors of myelin-associated glycoprotein. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:31007-19. [PMID: 12773526 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m304331200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten of the 11 known human siglecs or their murine orthologs have been evaluated for their specificity for over 25 synthetic sialosides representing most of the major sequences terminating carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Analysis has been performed using a novel multivalent platform comprising biotinylated sialosides bound to a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugate. Each siglec was found to have a unique specificity for binding 16 different sialoside-streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase probes. The relative affinities of monovalent sialosides were assessed for each siglec in competitive inhibition studies. The quantitative data obtained allows a detailed analysis of each siglec for the relative importance of sialic acid and the penultimate oligosaccharide sequence on binding affinity and specificity. Most remarkable was the finding that myelin-associated glycoprotein (Siglec-4) binds with 500-10,000-fold higher affinity to a series of mono- and di-sialylated derivatives of the O-linked T-antigen (Galbeta(1-3)-GalNAc(alpha)OThr) as compared with alpha-methyl-NeuAc.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Chimera
- Cricetinae
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Galactosides/chemical synthesis
- Galactosides/metabolism
- Glycolipids/chemical synthesis
- Glycolipids/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/chemical synthesis
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins
- Streptavidin
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Blixt
- Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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