1
|
Lim JJ, Liu MH, Chew FT. Dietary Interventions in Atopic Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Scoping Review and Analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:545-589. [PMID: 38442688 DOI: 10.1159/000535903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review aims to critically assess gaps in the current literature on atopic dermatitis (AD) by evaluating the overall effectiveness of dietary interventions. Through a comprehensive analysis that follows the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we conducted a thorough search on the Web of Science database in May 2023 using specific search strategies to identify all relevant studies on the research topic. SUMMARY A total of 104 full-text articles were included for review. Our synthesis identified seven notable categories of dietary interventions for AD, showcasing the diversity of interventions utilized. This includes vitamin supplementation, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, dietary fat, biological compounds, foods from natural sources, major nutrients, and diet-related approaches. Further analyses stratified by targeted populations revealed a predominant focus on pediatrics, particularly in probiotic supplementation, and on adults, with an emphasis on vitamin D and E supplementation. KEY MESSAGES Despite most dietary interventions demonstrating overall effectiveness in improving AD severity and its subjective symptoms, several significant gaps were identified. There was a scarcity of studies on adults and whole-diet interventions, a prevalence of short-term interventions, heterogeneity in study outcomes, designs, and population, occasional disparity between statistical significance and clinical relevance, and a lack of a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. Nonetheless, these findings offer valuable insights for future AD research, guiding additional evidence-driven dietary interventions and informing healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals, advancing both understanding and management of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vijayan S, Kandi V, Palacholla PS, Rajendran R, Jarugu C, Ca J, Pravallika M, Reddy SC, Sucharitha AS. Probiotics in Allergy and Immunological Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e55817. [PMID: 38590477 PMCID: PMC10999892 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergy and immunological disorders like autoimmune diseases are vastly prevalent worldwide. These conditions account for a substantial amount of personal and social burden. Such illnesses have lengthy, uncertain, and spotted courses with unpredictable exacerbations. A definite tendency for improving the overall quality of life of individuals suffering from such diseases is crucial to tackling these diseases, especially through diet or lifestyle modification. Further, interventions like microbiome-based therapeutics such as prebiotics or probiotics were explored. Changes in the microbial population were evident during the flare-up of autoimmune and allergic conditions. The realization that the human microbiome is a central player in immunological diseases is a hallmark of its potential usefulness in therapy for such illnesses. This review focuses on the intricate symphony in the orchestra of the human microbiome and the immune system. New therapeutic strategies involving probiotics appear to be the future of personalized medicine. Through this review, we explore the narrative of probiotics and reaffirm their use as therapeutic and preventive agents in immunological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Vijayan
- Pediatrics, Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata (CV) Raman General Hospital, Bangalore, IND
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Clinical Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, IND
| | - Pratyusha S Palacholla
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | | | - Chandrasagar Jarugu
- General Practice, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Jayashankar Ca
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Mundla Pravallika
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Shruthi C Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Atul S Sucharitha
- Internal Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Virk MS, Virk MA, He Y, Tufail T, Gul M, Qayum A, Rehman A, Rashid A, Ekumah JN, Han X, Wang J, Ren X. The Anti-Inflammatory and Curative Exponent of Probiotics: A Comprehensive and Authentic Ingredient for the Sustained Functioning of Major Human Organs. Nutrients 2024; 16:546. [PMID: 38398870 PMCID: PMC10893534 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Several billion microorganisms reside in the gastrointestinal lumen, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Among them, probiotics were primarily used to cure digestive disorders such as intestinal infections and diarrhea; however, with a paradigm shift towards alleviating health through food, their importance is large. Moreover, recent studies have changed the perspective that probiotics prevent numerous ailments in the major organs. Probiotics primarily produce biologically active compounds targeting discommodious pathogens. This review demonstrates the implications of using probiotics from different genres to prevent and alleviate ailments in the primary human organs. The findings reveal that probiotics immediately activate anti-inflammatory mechanisms by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-11, and IL-13, and hindering pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by involving regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper cells (Th cells). Several strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium breve have been listed among the probiotics that are excellent in alleviating various simple to complex ailments. Therefore, the importance of probiotics necessitates robust research to unveil the implications of probiotics, including the potency of strains, the optimal dosages, the combination of probiotics, their habitat in the host, the host response, and other pertinent factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Safiullah Virk
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | | | - Yufeng He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehak Gul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - John-Nelson Ekumah
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xu Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Junxia Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (M.S.V.)
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carucci L, Coppola S, Carandente R, Canani RB. Targeting Food Allergy with Probiotics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:79-93. [PMID: 39060732 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The globally dramatic increase in food allergy prevalence and severity is demanding effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Food allergy derives from a defect of immune tolerance mechanisms. Immune tolerance is modulated by gut microbiome composition and function, and gut microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with the development of food allergy. Selected probiotic strains could regulate immune tolerance mechanisms. The mechanisms are multiple and are still not completely defined. Increasing evidence is providing useful information on the choice of optimal bacterial species/strains, dosage, and timing for intervention. The increased knowledge on the crucial role played by postbiotic gut microbiome-derived metabolites, such as butyrate, is also opening the way to a post- biotic approach in the stimulation of immune tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science at the University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science at the University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosilenia Carandente
- Department of Translational Medical Science at the University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science at the University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
DuPont HL, Salge MMH. The Importance of a Healthy Microbiome in Pregnancy and Infancy and Microbiota Treatment to Reverse Dysbiosis for Improved Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1617. [PMID: 37998819 PMCID: PMC10668833 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome of newborn infants during the first 1000 days, influenced early on by their mothers' microbiome health, mode of delivery and breast feeding, orchestrates the education and programming of the infant's immune system and determines in large part the general health of the infant for years. METHODS PubMed was reviewed for maternal infant microbiome health and microbiota therapy in this setting with prebiotics, probiotics, vaginal seeding and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). RESULTS A healthy nonobese mother, vaginal delivery and strict breast feeding contribute to microbiome health in a newborn and young infant. With reduced microbiome diversity (dysbiosis) during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, prematurity, and formula feeding contribute to dysbiosis in the newborn. Microbiota therapy is an important approach to repair dysbiosis in pregnant women and their infants. Currently available probiotics can have favorable metabolic effects on mothers and infants, but these effects are variable. In research settings, reversal of infant dysbiosis can be achieved via vaginal seeding or FMT. Next generation probiotics in development should replace current probiotics and FMT. CONCLUSIONS The most critical phase of human microbiome development is in the first 2-3 years of life. Preventing and treating dysbiosis during pregnancy and early life can have a profound effect on an infant's later health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L. DuPont
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen S, Tang L, Nie T, Fang M, Cao X. Fructo-oligofructose ameliorates 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions and psychiatric comorbidities in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:5004-5018. [PMID: 36987580 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by pruritus and eczema lesions and psychiatric comorbidities. The gut-brain-skin axis plays a pivotal role during AD development, which might suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for AD. The present study aims to uncover the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of fructo-oligofructose (FOS), a type of prebiotic, on AD-like skin manifestations and comorbid anxiety and depression in AD mice. RESULTS Female Kunming mice were treated topically with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to induce AD-like symptoms and FOS was administered daily for 14 days. The results showed that FOS could alleviate AD-like skin lesions markedly as evidenced by dramatic decreases in severity score, scratching bouts, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T helper 1(Th1)/Th2-related cytokines, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and mast cells to the dermal tissues. The comorbid anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, estimated by the forced swimming test (FST), the tail-suspension test (TST), the open-field test (OFT), and the zero maze test (ZMT) in AD mice, were significantly attenuated by FOS. Fructo-oligofructose significantly upregulated brain neurotransmitters levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA). Furthermore, FOS treatment increased the relative abundance of gut microbiota, such as Prevotella and Lactobacillus and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate and iso-butyrate in the feces of AD mice. The correlation analysis indicated that the reshaped gut microbiome composition and enhanced SCFAs formation are associated with skin inflammation and behavioral alteration. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data identify FOS as a promising microbiota-targeted treatment for AD-like skin inflammation and comorbid anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoze Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Nie
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyu Fang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cao
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nahm DH. Regulatory T Cell-Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapy for Long-Term Clinical Improvement of Atopic Dermatitis: Hypotheses and Perspectives. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1674. [PMID: 37629531 PMCID: PMC10455293 DOI: 10.3390/life13081674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by itching and eczematous lesions. It is often associated with a personal or familial history of allergic diseases. Allergic inflammation induced by immunoglobulin E and T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell responses to common environmental agents has been suggested to play an essential role in AD pathogenesis. The standard therapies for AD, including topical or systemic agents, focus on controlling skin inflammation. Recently developed monoclonal antibody to interleukin-4 receptor alpha or Janus kinase inhibitors can provide significant clinical improvements in patients with AD by inhibiting Th2 cell-mediated skin inflammation. However, the clinical efficacy of the Th2 cell-targeted therapy is transient and incomplete in patients with AD. Patients with AD are seeking a permanent cure. Therefore, the development of novel immunomodulatory strategies that can improve a long-term clinical outcome and provide a long-term treatment-free clinical remission of AD (disease-modifying therapy) is needed. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a critical role in the maintenance of immune tolerance and suppress the development of autoimmune and allergic diseases. This review provides three working hypotheses and perspectives for the treatment of AD by Treg cell activation. (1) A decreased number or function of Treg cells is a critical event that causes the activation of Th2 cells, leading to the development and maintenance of AD. (2) Activation of Treg cells is an effective therapeutic approach for AD. (3) Many different immunomodulatory strategies activating Treg cells can provide a long-term clinical improvement of AD by induction of immune tolerance. The Treg cell-targeted immunomodulatory therapies for AD include allergen immunotherapy, microbiota, vitamin D, polyvalent human immunoglobulin G, monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of T cell or antigen-presenting cell, and adoptive transfer of autologous Treg cells or genetically engineered Treg cells expanded in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Nahm
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fijan S, Kolč N, Hrašovec M, Jamtvedt G, Pogačar MŠ, Mičetić Turk D, Maver U. Single-Strain Probiotic Lactobacilli for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041256. [PMID: 37111741 PMCID: PMC10146705 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are known for their positive effects on the gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that the infant gut and skin colonization have a role in the development of the immune system, which may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. This systematic review focused on evaluating the effect of single-strain probiotic lactobacilli consumption on treating children's atopic dermatitis. Seventeen randomized placebo-controlled trials with the primary outcome of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index were included in the systematic review. Clinical trials using single-strain lactobacilli were included. The search was conducted until October 2022 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane library and manual searches. The Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analyses and sub meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Due to different methods of reporting the SCORAD index, only 14 clinical trials with 1124 children were included in the meta-analysis (574 in the single-strain probiotic lactobacilli group and 550 in the placebo group) and showed that single-strain probiotic lactobacilli statistically significantly reduced the SCORAD index compared to the placebo in children with atopic dermatitis (mean difference [MD]: -4.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.50 to -1.49; Z = 2.93; p = 0.003; heterogeneity I2 = 90%). The subgroup meta-analysis showed that strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum were significantly more effective than strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. A longer treatment time and younger treatment age statistically significantly reduced symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis shows that certain single-strain probiotic lactobacilli are more successful than others in reducing atopic dermatitis severity in children. Therefore, careful consideration to strain selection, treatment time and the age of the treated patients are important factors in enhancing the effectiveness of reducing atopic dermatitis in children when choosing probiotic single-strain lactobacilli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Fijan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nina Kolč
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Metka Hrašovec
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Gro Jamtvedt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maja Šikić Pogačar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dušanka Mičetić Turk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Trompette A, Ubags ND. Skin barrier immunology from early life to adulthood. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:194-207. [PMID: 36868478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Our skin has a unique barrier function, which is imperative for the body's protection against external pathogens and environmental insults. Although interacting closely and sharing many similarities with key mucosal barrier sites, such as the gut and the lung, the skin also provides protection for internal tissues and organs and has a distinct lipid and chemical composition. Skin immunity develops over time and is influenced by a multiplicity of different factors, including lifestyle, genetics, and environmental exposures. Alterations in early life skin immune and structural development may have long-term consequences for skin health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cutaneous barrier and immune development from early life to adulthood, with an overview of skin physiology and immune responses. We specifically highlight the influence of the skin microenvironment and other host intrinsic, host extrinsic (e.g. skin microbiome), and environmental factors on early life cutaneous immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Trompette
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niki D Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lajnaf R, Feki S, Ben Ameur S, Attia H, Kammoun T, Ayadi MA, Masmoudi H. Cows' milk alternatives for children with cows' milk protein allergy - Review of health benefits and risks of allergic reaction. Int Dairy J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2023.105624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
|
11
|
Updates on the Role of Probiotics against Different Health Issues: Focus on Lactobacillus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010142. [PMID: 36613586 PMCID: PMC9820606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article is built on the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus against different diseases, and a special focus has been made on its effects against neurological disorders, such as depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Probiotics are live microbes, which are found in fermented foods, beverages, and cultured milk and, when administered in an adequate dose, confer health benefits to the host. They are known as "health-friendly bacteria", normally residing in the human gut and involved in maintaining homeostatic conditions. Imbalance in gut microbiota results in the pathophysiology of several diseases entailing the GIT tract, skin, immune system, inflammation, and gut-brain axis. Recently, the use of probiotics has gained tremendous interest, because of their profound effects on the management of these disease conditions. Recent findings suggest that probiotics enrichment in different human and mouse disease models showed promising beneficial effects and results in the amelioration of disease symptoms. Thus, this review focuses on the current probiotics-based products, different disease models, variable markers measured during trials, and evidence obtained from past studies on the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of different diseases, covering the skin to the central nervous system diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cui H, Wang Q, Feng C, Guo C, Zhang J, Bu X, Duan Z. Positive effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis VHProbi YB11 in improving gastrointestinal movement of mice having constipation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040371. [PMID: 36532450 PMCID: PMC9755254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis VHProbi® YB11 (YB11) on attenuating sucralfate-induced constipation in BALB/c mice. The strain of YB11 exhibited favorable tolerance of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) juice. Only 0.42 Log value declined when the live cells of YB11 were co-incubated with simulated GI juice. Meanwhile, this strain also displayed perfect ability to adhere the intestinal epithelium Caco-2 cells with adhesion index of 18.5. 24 of female mice were randomized into four groups. METHODS The normal group (NOR) was fed with a normal diet, whereas the placebo group (PLA), positive group (POS), and probiotic group (PRO) were fed with sucralfate to induce constipation. After first successfully establishing the constipation model, groups NOR and PLA received the oral administration of saline solutions. Meanwhile, the POS and PRO groups were orally administered phenolphthalein and YB11 suspensions, respectively. Several indices, including fecal water content, GI transit time, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal neuropeptides level, and histopathology of colonic tissues, were investigated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compared with PLA, YB11 had a positive effect in increasing the fecal water content and intestinal peristalsis. Some positive trends, including the acetic and total acids level of fecal samples, and the colonic tissue histopathology, were also observed. Furthermore, YB11 had an ability to upregulate the levels of gut excitatory neuropeptides including motilin, gastrin, and substance P, whereas it downregulated the levels of inhibitory neuropeptides including endothelin-1, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide. We conclude that the strain YB11 has a positive impact on improving gastrointestinal mobility and reducing the severity of constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Duan
- Qingdao Vland Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wollenberg A, Kinberger M, Arents B, Aszodi N, Avila Valle G, Barbarot S, Bieber T, Brough HA, Calzavara Pinton P, Christen-Zäch S, Deleuran M, Dittmann M, Dressler C, Fink-Wagner AH, Fosse N, Gáspár K, Gerbens L, Gieler U, Girolomoni G, Gregoriou S, Mortz CG, Nast A, Nygaard U, Redding M, Rehbinder EM, Ring J, Rossi M, Serra-Baldrich E, Simon D, Szalai ZZ, Szepietowski JC, Torrelo A, Werfel T, Flohr C. European guideline (EuroGuiDerm) on atopic eczema - part II: non-systemic treatments and treatment recommendations for special AE patient populations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1904-1926. [PMID: 36056736 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The evidence- and consensus-based guideline on atopic eczema was developed in accordance with the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. Four consensus conferences were held between December 2020 and July 2021. Twenty-nine experts (including clinicians and patient representatives) from 12 European countries participated. This second part of the guideline includes recommendations and detailed information on basic therapy with emollients and moisturizers, topical anti-inflammatory treatment, antimicrobial and antipruritic treatment and UV phototherapy. Furthermore, this part of the guideline covers techniques for avoiding provocation factors, as well as dietary interventions, immunotherapy, complementary medicine and educational interventions for patients with atopic eczema and deals with occupational and psychodermatological aspects of the disease. It also contains guidance on treatment for paediatric and adolescent patients and pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as considerations for patients who want to have a child. A chapter on the patient perspective is also provided. The first part of the guideline, published separately, contains recommendations and guidance on systemic treatment with conventional immunosuppressive drugs, biologics and janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, as well as information on the scope and purpose of the guideline, and a section on guideline methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Kinberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Arents
- European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Aszodi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Avila Valle
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Barbarot
- Department of Dermatology, CHU Nantes, UMR 1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - T Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - H A Brough
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - M Deleuran
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Dittmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Dressler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A H Fink-Wagner
- Global Allergy and Airways diseases Patient Platform GAAPP, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Fosse
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K Gáspár
- Department of Dermatology of the University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - L Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC (University Medical Centers), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Gieler
- Department Dermatology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - G Girolomoni
- Dermatology and Venereology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Gregoriou
- Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C G Mortz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Nast
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Nygaard
- Department of Dermato-Venerology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Redding
- Eczema Outreach Support (UK), Linlithgow, UK
| | - E M Rehbinder
- Dermatology Department, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Ring
- Department Dermatology Allergology Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - M Rossi
- Dermatology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - D Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z Z Szalai
- Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Heim Pál National Children's Institute Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Torrelo
- Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - T Werfel
- Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - C Flohr
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, UK.,Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Probiotication of Nutritious Fruit and Vegetable Juices: An Alternative to Dairy-Based Probiotic Functional Products. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173457. [PMID: 36079714 PMCID: PMC9459872 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are widely known to be rich in nutrients, antioxidants, vitamins, dietary fiber, minerals, and a bioactive molecule, making them an essential component of a balanced diet with multiple documented positive effects on human health. The probiotication of plant-based juices for the production of functional and nutraceutical food serves as a healthy alternative to dairy probiotics. They are cholesterol free, lack several dairy allergens, and also encourage ingestion for people with lactose intolerance. This review highlights valuable claims regarding the efficacy of different probiotic strains on various diseases. A comprehensive nutrition comparison and the preference of plant-based over dairy probiotic drinks is also discussed, supported with updated market trends of probiotic drinks (dairy and non-dairy based). An extensive compilation of current plant-based probiotic drinks that are available in markets around the world is listed as a reference. The fermentability of carbon sources by probiotic microorganisms is crucial in addressing the development of plant-based drinks. Therefore, the pathway involved in metabolism of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and galactose in fruit and vegetable juice was also underlined. Finally, the key factors in monitoring the quality of probiotic products such as total soluble solids, sugar consumption, titratable acidity, pH, and stability at low storage temperatures were outlined.
Collapse
|
15
|
Carucci L, Nocerino R, Paparo L, De Filippis F, Coppola S, Giglio V, Cozzolino T, Valentino V, Sequino G, Bedogni G, Russo R, Ercolini D, Berni Canani R. Therapeutic effects elicited by the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in children with atopic dermatitis. The results of the ProPAD trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13836. [PMID: 36003050 PMCID: PMC9542056 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 20% of the pediatric population associated with alteration of skin and gut microbiome. Probiotics have been proposed for AD treatment. The ProPAD study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in children with AD. METHODS In total, 100 AD patients aged 6-36 months were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial to receive placebo (Group A) or LGG (1 x 1010 CFU/daily) (Group B) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the evaluation of the efficacy of LGG supplementation on AD severity comparing the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index at baseline (T0) and at 12-week (T12). A reduction of ≥8.7 points on the SCORAD index was considered as minimum clinically important difference (MCID). The secondary outcomes were the SCORAD index evaluation at 4-week (T16) after the end of LGG treatment, number of days without rescue medications, changes in Infant Dermatitis Quality Of Life questionnaire (IDQOL), gut microbiome structure and function, and skin microbiome structure. RESULTS The rate of subjects achieving MCID at T12 and at T16 was higher in Group B (p < .05), and remained higher at T16 (p < .05)The number of days without rescue medications was higher in Group B. IDQOL improved at T12 in the Group B (p < .05). A beneficial modulation of gut and skin microbiome was observed only in Group B patients. CONCLUSIONS The probiotic LGG could be useful as adjunctive therapy in pediatric AD. The beneficial effects on disease severity and quality of life paralleled with a beneficial modulation of gut and skin microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nocerino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Giglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cozzolino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sequino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bedogni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Internal Medicine, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manipulating Microbiota to Treat Atopic Dermatitis: Functions and Therapies. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060642. [PMID: 35745496 PMCID: PMC9228373 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a globally prevalent skin inflammation with a particular impact on children. Current therapies for AD are challenged by the limited armamentarium and the high heterogeneity of the disease. A novel promising therapeutic target for AD is the microbiota. Numerous studies have highlighted the involvement of the skin and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AD. The resident microbiota at these two epithelial tissues can modulate skin barrier functions and host immune responses, thus regulating AD progression. For example, the pathogenic roles of Staphylococcus aureus in the skin are well-established, making this bacterium an attractive target for AD treatment. Targeting the gut microbiota is another therapeutic strategy for AD. Multiple oral supplements with prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics have demonstrated promising efficacy in both AD prevention and treatment. In this review, we summarize the association of microbiota dysbiosis in both the skin and gut with AD, and the current knowledge of the functions of commensal microbiota in AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the existing therapies in manipulating both the skin and gut commensal microbiota to prevent or treat AD. We also propose potential novel therapies based on the cutting-edge progress in this area.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hubbard GP, Atwal K, Graham L, Narayanan S, Cooke L, Casewell C, Denton SA, Gavin J, Browne RM, Kinnear FJ, McHardy AJ, Evans D, Vallis R, Venkataraman D, Cawood AL, Donohoe S, Steele V, Armstrong S, Stratton RJ. Synbiotic containing extensively hydrolyzed formula improves gastrointestinal and atopic symptom severity, growth, caregiver quality of life, and hospital-related healthcare use in infants with cow's milk allergy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e636. [PMID: 35634950 PMCID: PMC9119008 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy gut microbiota is important for prognosis in cow's milk allergy (CMA). The application of synbiotics (specific pre‐ and probiotics) in extensively hydrolyzed formulae (eHFs) is a relatively new concept. Aims To evaluate a synbiotic‐containing, whey‐based eHF (SeHF) with galacto‐oligosaccharides, fructo‐oligosaccharides, and bifidobacterium breve M‐16V in infants with CMA. Materials and Methods A 31‐day one‐arm pilot study in 29 infants with CMA (mean age 30.8 weeks [SD 11]) was undertaken, with outcomes including gastrointestinal tolerance, atopic dermatitis symptoms, dietary intake, growth, SeHF acceptability, caregiver quality of life, and hospital‐related healthcare use. Results Significant improvements (p < .05) in the severity of abdominal pain (in 57%), burping (in 46%), flatulence (in 79%), constipation (in 14%), rhinitis (41%), and itchy eyes (73%), as well as atopic dermatitis in those with severe baseline symptoms (PO‐SCORAD© reduction: 34.7–18.2 (p = .003), n = 6) were observed over time. Growth and caregiver quality of life scores significantly increased (+26.7%, p < .05) over time. Hospital visits and medications significantly reduced (−1.61 and −2.23, respectively, p < .005) in the 6 months after SeHF initiation. Discussion In this small, single‐arm, pilot study, the use of SeHF enhanced the management of infants with non‐IgE mediated CMA who were already established on eHF. Conclusion: Whilst this study adds to the evidence base for the use of SeHF in CMA, further robust research to explore the longer‐term benefits of synbiotics, specifically the blend used in this study, for the clinical management of infants with CMA is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynne Graham
- West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Watford, UK
| | | | - Lisa Cooke
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Sally-Ann Denton
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Joan Gavin
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Ailsa J McHardy
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Debbie Evans
- Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sarah Donohoe
- James Cook Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Victoria Steele
- James Cook Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Sonia Armstrong
- James Cook Hospital, South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Rebecca J Stratton
- Nutricia Ltd, Trowbridge, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alli SR, Gorbovskaya I, Liu JCW, Kolla NJ, Brown L, Müller DJ. The Gut Microbiome in Depression and Potential Benefit of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotics: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Observational Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4494. [PMID: 35562885 PMCID: PMC9101152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of literature demonstrates differences in the gut microbiome (GMB) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls (HC), as well as the potential benefits of prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic treatment. We conducted a systematic review of 24 observational studies (n = 2817), and 19 interventional trials (n = 1119). We assessed alpha diversity, beta diversity, and taxa abundance changes in patients with MDD relative to HC, as well as the effect of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on depressive symptoms in individuals with clinical or subclinical depression. We observed no significant differences in alpha diversity but a significant difference in beta diversity between patients with MDD and HC. There were fluctuations in the abundance of specific taxa in patients with MDD relative to HC. Probiotic and synbiotic, but not prebiotic, treatment showed a modest benefit in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with MDD over four to nine weeks. The GMB profiles of patients with MDD differ significantly from HC, but further studies are needed to elucidate the benefits of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic treatments relative to antidepressants and over longer follow-up before these therapies are implemented into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sauliha R. Alli
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (S.R.A.); (I.G.); (J.C.W.L.); (N.J.K.)
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ilona Gorbovskaya
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (S.R.A.); (I.G.); (J.C.W.L.); (N.J.K.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jonathan C. W. Liu
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (S.R.A.); (I.G.); (J.C.W.L.); (N.J.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nathan J. Kolla
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (S.R.A.); (I.G.); (J.C.W.L.); (N.J.K.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Lisa Brown
- Great Scott Consulting, New York, NY, USA;
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (S.R.A.); (I.G.); (J.C.W.L.); (N.J.K.)
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Breastfeeding as a regulating factor of the development of the intestinal microbiome in the early stages of life. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Fonseca JR, Lucio M, Harir M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Mining for Active Molecules in Probiotic Supernatant by Combining Non-Targeted Metabolomics and Immunoregulation Testing. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010035. [PMID: 35050158 PMCID: PMC8778235 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma are highly prevalent in industrialized countries. As cases are expected to rise, there is a growing demand for alternative therapies. Our recent research on the potential benefits of probiotics suggests that they could prevent and reduce the symptoms of many diseases by modulating the host immune system with secreted metabolites. This article presents the first steps of the research that led us to identify the immunoregulatory bioactivity of the amino acid d-Trp reported in our previous study. Here we analyzed the cell culture metabolic footprinting of 25 commercially available probiotic strains to associate metabolic pathway activity information with their respective immune modulatory activity observed in vitro. Crude probiotic supernatant samples were processed in three different ways prior to untargeted analysis in positive and negative ionization mode by direct infusion ESI-FT-ICR-MS: protein precipitation and solid phase extraction (SPE) using HLB and CN-E sorbent cartridges. The data obtained were submitted to multivariate statistical analyses to distinguish supernatant samples into the bioactive and non-bioactive group. Pathway analysis using discriminant molecular features showed an overrepresentation of the tryptophan metabolic pathway for the bioactive supernatant class, suggesting that molecules taking part in that pathway may be involved in the immunomodulatory activity observed in vitro. This work showcases the potential of metabolomics to drive product development and novel bioactive compound discovery out of complex biological samples in a top-down manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Roldan Fonseca
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.R.F.); (M.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Marianna Lucio
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.R.F.); (M.H.); (P.S.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-3187-3775
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.R.F.); (M.H.); (P.S.-K.)
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.R.F.); (M.H.); (P.S.-K.)
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mahmud MR, Akter S, Tamanna SK, Mazumder L, Esti IZ, Banerjee S, Akter S, Hasan MR, Acharjee M, Hossain MS, Pirttilä AM. Impact of gut microbiome on skin health: gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2096995. [PMID: 35866234 PMCID: PMC9311318 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2096995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestine hosts diverse microbial communities that play a significant role in maintaining gut-skin homeostasis. When the relationship between gut microbiome and the immune system is impaired, subsequent effects can be triggered on the skin, potentially promoting the development of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which the gut microbiome affects skin health are still unclear. Enhancing our understanding on the connection between skin and gut microbiome is needed to find novel ways to treat human skin disorders. In this review, we systematically evaluate current data regarding microbial ecology of healthy skin and gut, diet, pre- and probiotics, and antibiotics, on gut microbiome and their effects on skin health. We discuss potential mechanisms of the gut-skin axis and the link between the gut and skin-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa. This review will increase our understanding of the impacts of gut microbiome on skin conditions to aid in finding new medications for skin-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rayhan Mahmud
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lincon Mazumder
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Israt Zahan Esti
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sumona Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mrityunjoy Acharjee
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pachacama López A, Tapia Portilla M, Moreno-Piedrahíta Hernández F, Palacios-Álvarez S. Uso de probióticos para disminuir la gravedad de la dermatitis atópica en población pediátrica: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
23
|
Pachacama López A, Tapia Portilla M, Moreno-Piedrahíta Hernández F, Palacios-Álvarez S. Probiotics to Reduce the Severity of Atopic Dermatitis in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
24
|
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, a common chronic and pruritic inflammatory skin disorder, can create significant disruptions in sleep and quality of life. Atopic dermatitis is especially common in infants and children; therefore, safe and natural therapeutic options have considerable appeal. Over the past several decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in industrialized nations. Also, there is variability in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the United States, both across and within states. Environmental factors including diet are believed to be associated with this increased risk. Dietary interventions continue to be an area of keen interest and have been studied extensively, albeit with variable results. Maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation, hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed formulas, delaying the introduction of solid foods, and omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids supplementation do not appear to have a beneficial effect on the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 to 4 months, a diet high in fruits and vegetables, and prebiotics might have a beneficial effect. Because environmental triggers, including dietary exposures, are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, we herein review the current literature on the role of dietary habits, vitamin and mineral supplementation, and probiotics on the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Fanfaret IS, Boda D, Ion LM, Hosseyni D, Leru P, Ali S, Corcea S, Bumbacea R. Probiotics and prebiotics in atopic dermatitis: Pros and cons (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1376. [PMID: 34650624 PMCID: PMC8506923 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents a chronic inflammatory skin condition in which the skin barrier is impaired; thus, the permeability is increased. Hence, there is a greater risk of allergic sensitization, as well as a higher pH and lower protection against resident microbes. Since this condition is currently increasing among children, it requires further study, as little is known regarding the pathogenesis that makes the skin prone to chronic relapsing inflammation. Trying to standardize the data regarding the use of prebiotics and probiotics in AD, we encountered tremendous variability in the literature data. Literature abounds in conflicting data: studies regarding prophylactic and therapeutic applications, different types of strains and dosages, applications in young children up to 5 years of age and above, usage of probiotics alone, prebiotics alone or synbiotics combined. There are also conflicting data regarding the outcome of these studies; some confirming a positive effect of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics and some showing no efficacy at all. The articles were divided into those assessing probiotics or prebiotics alone and a combination of the two, with studies showing a positive effect and studies proving no efficacy at all. We tried to critically analyze those articles showing weak and strong points. In summary, the most studied probiotics were the strains of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. The Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index was used to measure the efficacy of the treatment. Most studies compared their results with a placebo group and the efficacy when seen in moderate to severe forms of AD in patients with other allergic diseases present. However, the results are difficult to interpret, as in many studies the authors suggest that the disease may have a tendency to improve in time in some groups of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Pediatrics Department, 'Ponderas' Academic Hospital, 014142 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Mihaela Ion
- Pediatrics Department, 'Ponderas' Academic Hospital, 014142 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Hosseyni
- Public Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, ECPE, PPCR Program, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Poliana Leru
- Internal Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Selda Ali
- Allergy Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Allergy Department, 'Dr. Carol Davila' Clinical Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Corcea
- Allergy Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Bumbacea
- Allergy Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Allergy Department, 'Dr. Carol Davila' Clinical Nephrology Hospital, 010731 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Polak K, Jobbágy A, Muszyński T, Wojciechowska K, Frątczak A, Bánvölgyi A, Bergler-Czop B, Kiss N. Microbiome Modulation as a Therapeutic Approach in Chronic Skin Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101436. [PMID: 34680552 PMCID: PMC8533290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing quantity of evidence on how skin and gut microbiome composition impacts the course of various dermatological diseases. The strategies involving the modulation of bacterial composition are increasingly in the focus of research attention. The aim of the present review was to analyze the literature available in PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases on the topic of microbiome modulation in skin diseases. The effects and possible mechanisms of action of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in dermatological conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, chronic ulcers, seborrheic dermatitis, burns and acne were analyzed. Due to the very limited number of studies available regarding the topic of microbiome modulation in all skin diseases except for AD, the authors decided to also include case reports and original studies concerning oral administration and topical application of the pro-, pre- and synbiotics in the final analysis. The evaluated studies mostly reported significant health benefits to the patients or show promising results in animal or ex vivo studies. However, due to a limited amount of research and unambiguous results, the topic of microbiome modulation as a therapeutic approach in skin diseases still warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Polak
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Antal Jobbágy
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Tomasz Muszyński
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-530 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Kamila Wojciechowska
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Aleksandra Frątczak
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (B.B.-C.)
| | - András Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.J.); (A.B.)
| | - Beata Bergler-Czop
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (B.B.-C.)
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.J.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chun J, Lee SM, Ahn YM, Baek MG, Yi H, Shin S, Jung J. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Sihocheonggan- Tang Shapes the Immune Responses of Atopic Dermatitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722730. [PMID: 34616298 PMCID: PMC8489559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by complex immune dysregulation and closely related to the gut microbiome. The present study investigated the microbiome-mediated effect of Sihocheonggan-Tang (SHCGT) on AD-like symptoms induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in BALB/c mice. DNCB was applied regularly to the ear and dorsal skin of BALB/c mice, and SHCGT was administered orally daily for 2 weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the effect of gut microbiome-derived metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), was evaluated in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-treated HaCaT cells. SHCGT alleviated DNCB-induced symptoms of AD and the immune response to AD by decreasing the plasma immunoglobulin E level and splenic interleukin-4, interleukin-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ levels. The gut microbiome composition and the damaged gut epithelial barrier in mice with AD were also significantly altered by SHCGT, and the reduced SCFA levels therein were elevated. We found that SFCAs directly inhibited the mRNA expression of IL-6 and ICAM-1 in TNF-α- and INF-γ-treated HaCaT cells. The finding that SHCGT regulates the gut microbiome and improves DNCB-induced AD in mice suggests that this herbal medicine has therapeutic potential in patients with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoo Chun
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Min Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - You Mee Ahn
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Gyung Baek
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hana Yi
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sarah Shin
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Balta I, Butucel E, Mohylyuk V, Criste A, Dezmirean DS, Stef L, Pet I, Corcionivoschi N. Novel Insights into the Role of Probiotics in Respiratory Infections, Allergies, Cancer, and Neurological Abnormalities. Diseases 2021; 9:60. [PMID: 34562967 PMCID: PMC8482260 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, probiotics have attracted public attention and transformed the social perception of microorganisms, convening a beneficial role/state on human health. With aging, the immune system, body physiology, and intestinal microbiota tend to change unfavorably, resulting in many chronic conditions. The immune-mediated disorders can be linked to intestinal dysbiosis, consequently leading to immune dysfunctions and a cluster of conditions such as asthma, autoimmune diseases, eczema, and various allergies. Probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are considered probiotic species that have a great immunomodulatory and anti-allergic effect. Moreover, recent scientific and clinical data illustrate that probiotics can regulate the immune system, exert anti-viral and anti-tumoral activity, and shields the host against oxidative stress. Additionally, microbiota programming by probiotic bacteria can reduce and prevent the symptoms of respiratory infections and ameliorate the neurological status in humans. This review describes the most recent clinical findings, including safe probiotic therapies aiming to medicate respiratory infections, allergies, cancer, and neurological disorders due to their physiological interconnection. Subsequently, we will describe the major biological mechanism by which probiotic bacteriotherapy expresses its anti-viral, anti-allergic, anticancer, and neuro-stimulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igori Balta
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK; (I.B.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (D.S.D.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine—King Michael I of Romania, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Eugenia Butucel
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK; (I.B.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (D.S.D.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine—King Michael I of Romania, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Valentyn Mohylyuk
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK;
| | - Adriana Criste
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Lavinia Stef
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine—King Michael I of Romania, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ioan Pet
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine—King Michael I of Romania, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK; (I.B.); (E.B.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine—King Michael I of Romania, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Probiotic Bacterial Application in Pediatric Critical Illness as Coadjuvants of Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080781. [PMID: 34440989 PMCID: PMC8399162 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics in critically ill adult and children patients has been growing exponentially over the last 20 years. Numerous factors in pediatriac intensive care unit (PICU) patients may contribute to intestinal dysbiosis, which subsequently promotes the pathobiota's growth. Currently, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium species are mainly used to prevent the development of systemic diseases due to the subverted microbiome, followed by streptococcus, enterococcus, propionibacterium, bacillus and Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938. The aim of this article is to review the scientific literature for further confirmation of the importance of the usage of probiotics in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, especially in the pediatric population. A progressive increase in nosocomial infections, especially nosocomial bloodstream infections, has been observed over the last 30 years. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the incidence of nosocomial infections in PICUs was still high and ranged between 5% and 10%. Petrof et al. was one of the first to demonstrate the efficacy of probiotics for preventing systemic diseases in ICU patients. Recently, however, the use of probiotics with different lactobacillus spp. has been shown to cause a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, in some studies, the use of probiotics, in particular the mix of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in PICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In abdominal infections, there is no doubt at all about the usefulness of using Lactobacillus spp probiotics, which help to treat ICU-acquired diarrhoea episodes as well as in positive blood culture for candida spp. Despite the importance of using probiotics being supported by various studies, their use is not yet part of the standard protocols to which all doctors must adhere. In the meantime, while waiting for protocols to be drawn up as soon as possible for use in PICUs, routine use could certainly stimulate the intestine's immune defences. Though it is still too early to say, they could be considered the drugs of the future.
Collapse
|
30
|
Juncan AM, Moisă DG, Santini A, Morgovan C, Rus LL, Vonica-Țincu AL, Loghin F. Advantages of Hyaluronic Acid and Its Combination with Other Bioactive Ingredients in Cosmeceuticals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154429. [PMID: 34361586 PMCID: PMC8347214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a review on hyaluronic acid (HA) known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate and its derivates and their application in cosmetic formulations. HA is a glycosaminoglycan constituted from two disaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid), isolated initially from the vitreous humour of the eye, and subsequently discovered in different tissues or fluids (especially in the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid). It is ubiquitous in vertebrates, including humans, and it is involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell differentiation, embryological development, inflammation, wound healing, etc. HA has many qualities that recommend it over other substances used in skin regeneration, with moisturizing and anti-ageing effects. HA molecular weight influences its penetration into the skin and its biological activity. Considering that, nowadays, hyaluronic acid has a wide use and a multitude of applications (in ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, oncology, nutrition, and cosmetics), the present study describes the main aspects related to its use in cosmetology. The biological effect of HA on the skin level and its potential adverse effects are discussed. Some available cosmetic products containing HA have been identified from the brand portfolio of most known manufacturers and their composition was evaluated. Further, additional biological effects due to the other active ingredients (plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, probiotics, etc.) are presented, as well as a description of their possible toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maria Juncan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- SC Aviva Cosmetics SRL, 71A Kövari Str., 400217 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.J.); (D.G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Dana Georgiana Moisă
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.J.); (D.G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Claudiu Morgovan
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.J.); (D.G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Luca-Liviu Rus
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
| | - Andreea Loredana Vonica-Țincu
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (L.-L.R.); (A.L.V.-Ț.)
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Janmohammadi P, Nourmohammadi Z, Fazelian S, Mirzababaei A, Alizadeh S, Zarei M, Daneshzad E, Djafarian K. Does infant formula containing synbiotics support adequate growth in infants? A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:707-718. [PMID: 34278844 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1952548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have shown that formulas that contain synbiotics, i.e. composed prebiotics and probiotics have been proposed to have a beneficial effect on anthropometric indices. However, the results are inconsistent thus this meta-analysis was performed to assess this effect. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Embase were systematically searched up to May-2020. Weight gain, length gain, head circumstance gain, weight-for-age z scores, and length-for-age z scores were considered as the outcomes. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with the 95% CI were applied for estimating the combined effect size. Subgroup analysis was performed to specify the source of heterogeneity among studies. Consumption of formulas containing synbiotics did not affect growth significantly in healthy infants (weight gain (WMD = 2.06, 95% CI: - 4.08 to 8.21; p = 0.51), length gain (WMD = - 0.05, 95% CI: - 0.70 to 0.60; p = 0.88), head circumstance (WMD = - 0.28, 95% CI: - 0.66 to 0.11; p = 0.15), on weight-for-age z-scores (WMD = - 0.05, 95% CI: - 0.23 to 0.13; p = 0.57) and length-for-age z-scores (WMD = - 0.16, 95% CI: - 0.50 to 0.19; p = 0.37)). The main results indicate a non-significant increase in infant's growth following synbiotics supplementation of infant formula. Further large-scale studies are warranted to confirm present findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Janmohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nourmohammadi
- Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Fazelian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Zarei
- Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Basturk A, Isik İ, Atalay A, Yılmaz A. Investigation of the Efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Infants With Cow's Milk Protein Allergy: a Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:138-143. [PMID: 30656549 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-9516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This investigation has been performed to show the efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) together with milk-free diet in patients with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). This multicentre prospective investigation has been performed in 0-12 months of age children diagnosed as CMPA clinically and biochemically. Patients have been randomly divided in to two groups. İnfants in probiotic group were received with cow's milk protein free diet and per oral (p.o.) daily 1X109 CFU LGG and in placebo group with milk-free diet and placebo. Mothers of all breast-fed patients have been put on milk-free diet and all patients fed with formula, offered to extensively hydrolysed formula. Symptoms like diarrhoea, vomiting, mucousy or bloody stool, abdominal pain or distension, constipation, dermatitis and restiveness were recorded at the beginning and weekly during the receiving dietary by the investigator. One-hundred infants diagnosed CMPA were included in this double-blind placebo controlled study. Forty-eight infants placed in probiotic group and 52 in placebo group. After 4 weeks of receiving dietary, infants in probiotic group have showed statistically significant improvement in symptoms of bloody stool, diarrhoea, restiveness and abdominal distension (p ≤ 0.001). Whilst statistically significant improvement was also observed in symptoms of mucousy stool (p = 0.038) and vomiting (p = 0.034), no significant improvement were observed in abdominal pain (p = 0.325), constipation (p = 0.917) and dermatitis (p = 0.071). In this study we observed significant improvement in symptoms of infants diagnosed CMPA receiving dietary LGG with cow's milk-free diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Basturk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Şehitkamil, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - İshak Isik
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Kazım Karabekir St, 07100, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Atike Atalay
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Bulvari-Campus, 07059, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aygen Yılmaz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Dumlupinar Bulvari-Campus, 07059, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fang Z, Li L, Lu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Lee YK, Chen W. Bifidobacterium affected the correlation between gut microbial composition, SCFA metabolism, and immunity in mice with DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
34
|
Kurdi MS, Ramaswamy AH, Kumar LA, Choukimath SM, Jangi AA. Use of a non-invasive biomarker salivary alpha-amylase to assess the role of probiotics in sleep regulation and stress attenuation in surgical patients: A randomised double-blind clinical trial. Indian J Anaesth 2021; 65:390-397. [PMID: 34211197 PMCID: PMC8202787 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_1498_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The influence of gut microbiota on human behaviour, stress and sleep is currently a novel topic of research. A prospective double-blind randomised trial was planned to find out whether probiotics by alteration of the gut microbiome can allay surgery-related stress and improve sleep. METHODS A total of 160 elective surgical patients were randomised to receive either probiotic or placebo capsule twice daily for four and a half consecutive preoperative days. They were subjected to the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire, a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and estimation of salivary alpha-amylase (SAA), a well-known biomarker of stress on the evening of admission and on the evening just before the day of scheduled surgery. Data were analysed using Chi-square test, Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS On comparing between the two groups, there was a significant difference in PSS scores, SAA levels and PVT scores after probiotic/placebo therapy. There was a decrease in the PSS scores by 11.38% (P < 0.05) and SAA levels by 11.38% (P < 0.05) and an increase in the PVT scores (12.13%, P < 0.05) following probiotic treatment.There was a mean difference of 52.85 in SAA levels in probiotic group and - 69.32 in placebo group with a definite fall in SAA levels in probiotic group, which showed that these patients had reduced stress levels and improved psychomotor vigilance implying improved sleep. CONCLUSION Gut microbiome alteration with probiotics results in lowering of psychological stress and sleep improvement in the preoperative period in surgical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri S Kurdi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini H Ramaswamy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | - L Ajay Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Aabidhussain A Jangi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lopez-Santamarina A, Gonzalez EG, Lamas A, Mondragon ADC, Regal P, Miranda JM. Probiotics as a Possible Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Allergies. A Narrative Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040701. [PMID: 33806092 PMCID: PMC8064452 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergies are an increasing global public health concern, especially for children and people living in urban environments. Allergies impair the quality of life of those who suffer from them, and for this reason, alternatives for the treatment of allergic diseases or reduction in their symptoms are being sought. The main objective of this study was to compile the studies carried out on probiotics as a possible therapy for allergies. The most studied allergies on which probiotics have been shown to have a beneficial effect are rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Most studies have studied the administration of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. in children and have shown beneficial effects, such as a reduction in hyperreactivity and inflammation caused by allergens and a decrease in cytokine release, among other beneficial effects. In the case of children, no clear beneficial effects were found in several studies, and the potential risk from the use of some opportunistic bacteria, such as probiotics, seems controversial. In the studies that reported beneficial results, these effects were found to make allergy symptoms less aggressive, thus reducing morbidity in allergy sufferers. The different effects of the same probiotic bacteria on different patients seem to reinforce the idea that the efficacy of probiotics is dependent on the microbial species or strain, its derived metabolites and byproducts, and the gut microbiota eubiosis of the patient. This study is relevant in the context of allergic diseases, as it provides a broader understanding of new alternatives for the treatment of allergies, both in children, who are the main sufferers, and adults, showing that probiotics, in some cases, reduce the symptoms and severity of such diseases.
Collapse
|
36
|
Huidrom S. Therapeutic Approach of Probiotics in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2-9. [PMID: 31899681 DOI: 10.2174/1871523019666200102110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease, affecting 20% of children all over the world especially in developed countries. The global prevalence of AD in children has been increasing over recent years. This chronic inflammatory skin disease causes economic and social burden to the family. The exact cause of AD is not known, however recent studies suggest that the imbalance of microflora present in the gut leads to AD. The current treatment of AD involves the application of moisturizer, topical corticosteroids, antihistamines and antibiotics. This line of treatment of AD in children has many side effects. An alternative novel therapeutic approach has to be explored to combat this chronic skin disease. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of probiotics in the modulation of gut microbiota for the management of AD. Many research studies showed that the administration of probiotics gives positive results in the prevention and treatment of AD in children, however, the results are not consistent and conclusive. In this review, the phenomenon that the dysbiosis of the gut flora contributes to the development of AD is addressed and clinical evidence of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of AD children is also summarised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Huidrom
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun-248001, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Noll M, Jäger M, Lux L, Buettner C, Axt-Gadermann M. Improvement of Atopic Dermatitis by Synbiotic Baths. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030527. [PMID: 33806491 PMCID: PMC7998680 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread chronic inflammatory dermatologic disorder. This randomized, double-blind study aims to evaluate the effect of synbiotic baths with a defined mixture of six viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and prebiotics, without bacteria and prebiotics and placebo baths without prebiotics and bacteria to treat AD patients over a period of 14 days. Therefore, AD patients were randomly assigned into three groups using synbiotic (n = 7), prebiotics (n = 8) or placebo baths (n = 7). Severity of AD was evaluated over time by using severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) and by patient questionnaires. In addition, microbiome on eczematous skin surface was sampled by swaps from each patient before the bath treatment, and after 9, 11 and 14 days of bath treatment. Thereafter, nucleic acids were extracted and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified via PCR for subsequent amplicon sequencing. Results showed a significantly reduced SCORAD over time of AD patients after daily synbiotic or prebiotic baths. Moreover, AD patients after daily synbiotic baths had a significantly improved pruritus and skin dryness and their bacterial microbiome was enriched by LAB. Taken together, a synbiotic bath is a promising topical skin application to alleviate AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Jäger
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Department of Applied Sciences, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 96450 Coburg, Germany; (M.J.); (L.L.); (C.B.); (M.A.-G.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
McFarland LV. Efficacy of Single-Strain Probiotics Versus Multi-Strain Mixtures: Systematic Review of Strain and Disease Specificity. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:694-704. [PMID: 32274669 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of probiotic products makes choosing an appropriate probiotic challenging. One unanswered question is whether single-strain probiotics are more effective than multi-strain mixtures. The aim of this review is to account for both disease and strain specificity to determine whether single strains or multiple strains are equivalent or more effective. This literature review of randomized controlled trials from 1973 to 2019 was used to compare the pooled efficacy of trials with a single strain versus the probiotic mixture with same matched strain within the same type of disease indication. A total of 65 RCTs were included (41 with single strains, 22 multi-strain mixtures and 2 comparing single strain to mixture arms) for eight different disease indications (N = 10,863). Only three strains (L. rhamnosus GG, L. helveticus R52 and B. lactis Bb12) had corresponding trials with matching mixtures. Use of L. rhamnosus GG only was significantly more protective for necrotizing enterocolitis compared to two mixtures also containing different strains of B. lactis. The mixture of L. rhamnosus GG and B. lactis Bb12 was significantly more effective than L. rhamnosus GG alone for the eradication of H. pylori. In most cases, single strains were equivalent to mixtures. Choice of an appropriate probiotic should be based, not on the number of strains in the product, rather based on evidence-based trials of efficacy. In most cases, multi-strain mixtures were not significantly more effective than single-strain probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne V McFarland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, 6047 38th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Alemao CA, Budden KF, Gomez HM, Rehman SF, Marshall JE, Shukla SD, Donovan C, Forster SC, Yang IA, Keely S, Mann ER, El Omar EM, Belz GT, Hansbro PM. Impact of diet and the bacterial microbiome on the mucous barrier and immune disorders. Allergy 2021; 76:714-734. [PMID: 32762040 DOI: 10.1111/all.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic immune and metabolic disorders is increasing rapidly. In particular, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become major healthcare and economic burdens worldwide. Recent advances in microbiome research have led to significant discoveries of associative links between alterations in the microbiome and health, as well as these chronic supposedly noncommunicable, immune/metabolic disorders. Importantly, the interplay between diet, microbiome and the mucous barrier in these diseases has gained significant attention. Diet modulates the mucous barrier via alterations in gut microbiota, resulting in either disease onset/exacerbation due to a "poor" diet or protection against disease with a "healthy" diet. In addition, many mucosa-associated disorders possess a specific gut microbiome fingerprint associated with the composition of the mucous barrier, which is further influenced by host-microbiome and inter-microbial interactions, dietary choices, microbe immigration and antimicrobials. Our review focuses on the interactions of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients), gut microbiota and mucous barriers (gastrointestinal and respiratory tract) and their importance in the onset and/or progression of major immune/metabolic disorders. We also highlight the key mechanisms that could be targeted therapeutically to prevent and/or treat these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Alemao
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Kurtis F. Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Henry M. Gomez
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Saima F. Rehman
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Jacqueline E. Marshall
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Shakti D. Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Samuel C. Forster
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Ian A. Yang
- Thoracic Program The Prince Charles Hospital Metro North Hospital and Health Service Brisbane QLD Australia
- Faculty of Medicine UQ Thoracic Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology University of Newcastle New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
| | - Elizabeth R. Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Emad M. El Omar
- St George & Sutherland Clinical School Microbiome Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Gabrielle T. Belz
- Diamantina Institute University of Queensland Woolloongabba QLD Australia
- Department of Medical Biology Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Tan-Lim CSC, Esteban-Ipac NAR, Mantaring JBV, Chan Shih Yen E, Recto MST, Sison OT, Alejandria MM. Comparative effectiveness of probiotic strains for the treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:124-136. [PMID: 32524647 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current evidence on the use of probiotics in treating atopic dermatitis is inconclusive. This study determined the comparative effectiveness of the different types of probiotic strains in treating pediatric atopic dermatitis. METHODOLOGY Systematic and manual search for all randomized controlled trials available from inception until January 31, 2020, was done. Two independent authors conducted the search, screening, appraisal, and data abstraction. Network meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 14 software. RESULTS Twenty-two studies involving 28 different probiotic strains were included. The top three ranked probiotic strains in terms of efficacy are Mix1 (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis CECT 8145, Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347, and Lactobacillus casei CECT 9104); Lactobacillus casei DN-114001; and Mix6 (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus salivarius). Compared with placebo, Mix1 reduces atopic dermatitis symptoms with high certainty evidence (SMD -1.94, 95% CI -2.65 to -1.24; 47 participants). Mix6 compared with placebo probably reduces atopic dermatitis symptoms based on moderate certainty evidence (SMD -0.85, 95% CI -1.50 to -0.20; 40 participants). Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 compared with placebo may reduce atopic dermatitis symptoms based on low certainty evidence (SMD -1.35, 95% CI -2.04 to -0.65). In terms of safety, the highest ranked strain is Lactobacillus fermentum VRI-003, while the lowest ranked strain is Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. CONCLUSION Certain probiotic preparations show benefit in reducing allergic symptoms in pediatric atopic dermatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Stephanie C Tan-Lim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Natasha Ann R Esteban-Ipac
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jacinto Blas V Mantaring
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Marysia Stella T Recto
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Olivia T Sison
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marissa M Alejandria
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Westerik N, Nelson A, Wacoo AP, Sybesma W, Kort R. A Comparative Interrupted Times Series on the Health Impact of Probiotic Yogurt Consumption Among School Children From Three to Six Years Old in Southwest Uganda. Front Nutr 2020; 7:574792. [PMID: 33363193 PMCID: PMC7756026 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Following a school milk feeding program in Southwest Uganda, we initiated a probiotic yogurt school feeding program in the same region in 2018. In order to investigate the potential health benefits from probiotic yogurt we conducted an observational study, where we compared the effect of the consumption of locally produced probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus yoba 2012 to milk in pre-primary schoolchildren from different schools on the occurrence of respiratory tract infections (common cold) and skin infections (e.g., tinea capitis). Method: A comparative interrupted time series over a period of 3 weeks of baseline followed by 9 weeks of 100 ml of probiotic yogurt or milk consumption for 5 days per week. In total 584 children attending five different schools were followed during consumption of probiotic yogurt and 532 children attending five other schools during consumption of milk. Incidences of respiratory tract infection symptoms and skin infection symptoms, changes in anthropometric indicators and absenteeism were recorded. Results: Over the course of the study period the incidence rate for common cold symptoms decreased faster in the yogurt group than in the milk group (p = 0.09) resulting in a final RR of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.5-1.4) at the end of the observational period. The incidence rate of skin infection related symptoms also reduced faster in the yogurt group compared to the milk group (p < 0.0001) resulting in a relative risk factor (RR) of 0.6 (CI: 0.4-0.9) at the end of the observational period. Anthropometric indicators and level of absenteeism did not show significant differences between yogurt and milk. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the observed positive trend and effect of probiotic yogurt on the incidences of common cold and skin infections, respectively, we consider the results of this comparative interrupted time series inconclusive due to differences in the recorded health parameters between the probiotic yogurt and milk control groups at base line, and fluctuations over the course of the intervention period. An improved study design, with more uniform study groups, a longer intervention period and a third control group without yogurt or milk is required to draw definitive conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nieke Westerik
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Alex Paul Wacoo
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Remco Kort
- Yoba for Life Foundation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hiramoto K, Nishioka J, Suzuki K. Innate immune activation and antitumor effects of Lactobacillus-fermented Sparassis crispa extract in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
44
|
Kumar P, Sharma DK, Ashawat MS. Pathophysiology and Management of Atopic Dermatitis: A Laconic Review. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190828152316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conclusion:
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is long-lasting degenerating skin disease with a characteristic
phenotype and stereotypically spread skin lesions. The AD results due to a complex interface
among genetic factors, host’s surroundings, pharmacological anomalies and immunological factors.
In previous decades, researchers had shown marked interest due to increased prevalence in developed
countries. In this review, basics along with the advances in pathogenesis and management of
AD have been discussed. The immunological factors i.e. Innate Lymphoid Cells, IL-22 and Toll-like
receptors have an important role in the pathogenesis. The proactive topical therapy by skincare,
topical glucocorticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors have improved effect in the management of
AD. The human monoclonal antibody-based systemic drug (Duplimab) is a considerable advancement
in the management of AD. Other monoclonal antibody-based drugs (Lebrikizumab, Tralokinumab,
Apremilast and Nemolizumab) are in different phases of clinical trials. A better understanding of
genetics and immunoregulatory cascade will lead to the development of efficacious drugs and better
management therapy preventing the relapse of flares and improved life quality of AD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, VPO-Kathog, Kangra, H.P, 176031, India
| | | | - Mahendra Singh Ashawat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, VPO-Kathog, Kangra, H.P, 176031, India
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stavropoulou E, Bezirtzoglou E. Probiotics in Medicine: A Long Debate. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2192. [PMID: 33072084 PMCID: PMC7544950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years probiotics gained the attention of clinicians for their use in the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. Probiotics main mechanisms of action include enhanced mucosal barrier function, direct antagonism with pathogens, inhibition of bacterial adherence and invasion capacity in the intestinal epithelium, boosting of the immune system and regulation of the central nervous system. It is accepted that there is a mutual communication between the gut microbiota and the liver, the so-called “microbiota-gut-liver axis” as well as a reciprocal communication between the intestinal microbiota and the central nervous system through the “microbiota-gut-brain axis.” Moreover, recently the “gut-lung axis” in bacterial and viral infections is considerably discussed for bacterial and viral infections, as the intestinal microbiota amplifies the alveolar macrophage activity having a protective role in the host defense against pneumonia. The importance of the normal human intestinal microbiota is recognized in the preservation of health. Disease states such as, infections, autoimmune conditions, allergy and other may occur when the intestinal balance is disturbed. Probiotics seem to be a promising approach to prevent and even reduce the symptoms of such clinical states as an adjuvant therapy by preserving the balance of the normal intestinal microbiota and improving the immune system. The present review states globally all different disorders in which probiotics can be given. To date, Stronger data in favor of their clinical use are provided in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, allergy and respiratory infections. We hereby discuss the role of probiotics in the reduction of the respiratory infection symptoms and we focus on the possibility to use them as an adjuvant to the therapeutic approach of the pandemic COVID-19. Nevertheless, it is accepted by the scientific community that more clinical studies should be undertaken in large samples of diseased populations so that the assessment of their therapeutic potential provide us with strong evidence for their efficacy and safety in clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Stavropoulou
- CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Brough HA, Nadeau KC, Sindher SB, Alkotob SS, Chan S, Bahnson HT, Leung DYM, Lack G. Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented? Allergy 2020; 75:2185-2205. [PMID: 32249942 PMCID: PMC7494573 DOI: 10.1111/all.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of allergic sensitization through the skin. In this review, we provide an overview of the atopic march and immune mechanism underlying the sensitization and effector phase of food allergy. We present experimental models and human data that support the concept of epicutaneous sensitization and how this forms one half of the dual-allergen exposure hypothesis. We discuss specific important elements in the skin (FLG and other skin barrier gene mutations, Langerhans cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL-33, TSLP) that have important roles in the development of allergic responses as well as the body of evidence on environmental allergen exposure and how this can sensitize an individual. Given the link between skin barrier impairment, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis, it is logical that restoring the skin barrier and prevention or treating atopic dermatitis would have beneficial effects on prevention of related allergic diseases, particularly food allergy. We present the experimental and human studies that have evaluated this approach and discuss various factors which may influence the success of these approaches, such as the type of emollient chosen for the intervention, the role of managing skin inflammation, and differences between primary and secondary prevention of atopic dermatitis to achieve the desired outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Brough
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sayantani B Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shifaa S Alkotob
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan Chan
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Henry T Bahnson
- Benaroya Research Institute and Immune Tolerance Network, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy-Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Gideon Lack
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Paediatric Allergy Group, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guys' Hospital, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Axelrod CL, Brennan CJ, Cresci G, Paul D, Hull M, Fealy CE, Kirwan JP. UCC118 supplementation reduces exercise-induced gastrointestinal permeability and remodels the gut microbiome in healthy humans. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14276. [PMID: 31758610 PMCID: PMC6874782 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function has emerged as potential mechanisms underlying digestive diseases, yet targeted therapies are lacking The purpose of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of UCC118, a characterized probiotic strain, on exercise‐induced GI permeability in healthy humans. In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study, seven healthy adults received 4 weeks of daily UCC118 or placebo supplementation. GI hyperpermeability was induced by strenuous treadmill running performed before and after each supplementation period. While running, participants ingested 5 g of lactulose, rhamnose, and sucrose. Urine was collected before, immediately after, and every hour for 5 h after exercise to assess GI permeability. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal homogenates collected prior to exercise to identify changes in microbial diversity and taxon abundances. Inflammatory biomarkers were assessed from blood and fecal homogenates collected prior to and immediately following the cessation of exercise. Exercise significantly induced intestinal permeability of lactulose, rhamnose, and sucrose (P < 0.001). UCC118 significantly reduced sucrose (Δ = −0.38 ± 0.13 vs. 1.69 ± 0.79; P < 0.05) recovery, with no substantial change in lactulose (Δ = −0.07 ± 0.23 vs. 0.35 ± 0.15; P = 0.16) or rhamnose (Δ = −0.06 ± 0.22 vs. 0.48 ± 0.28; P = 0.22). Taxonomic sequencing revealed 99 differentially regulated bacteria spanning 6 taxonomic ranks (P < 0.05) after UCC118 supplementation. No differences in plasma IL‐6 or fecal zonulin were observed after UCC118 supplementation. The results described herein provide proof of principle that 4 weeks of UCC118 supplementation attenuated exercise‐induced intestinal hyperpermeability. Further research is warranted to investigate the as‐yet‐to‐be defined molecular processes of intestinal hyperpermeability and the effects of probiotic supplementation. Dysregulation of gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function have emerged as potential mechanisms underlying digestive diseases, yet targeted therapies are lacking. In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study, 7 healthy adults 30 received 4 weeks of daily UCC118 or placebo supplementation. UCC118 significantly reduced sucrose recovery. Taxonomic sequencing revealed 99 differentially regulated gut microbes by UCC118. The results herein provide proof of principle that UCC118 supplementation can reduce intestinal hyperpermeability.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Axelrod
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles.,Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
| | - Connery J Brennan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gail Cresci
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deborah Paul
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michaela Hull
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ciarán E Fealy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John P Kirwan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the pathogenesis is believed to be partly influenced by the gut microbiome. Probiotics can be used to manipulate the microbiome and have therefore been considered as a potential therapy for CD. There is some evidence that probiotics benefit other gastrointestinal conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis, but their efficacy in CD is unclear. This is the first update of a Cochrane Review previously published in 2008. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for the induction of remission in CD. SEARCH METHODS The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE (from inception to 6 July 2020), Embase (from inception to 6 July 2020), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Cochrane IBD Review Group Specialised Trials Register, World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared probiotics with placebo or any other non-probiotic intervention for the induction of remission in CD were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The primary outcome was clinical remission. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS There were two studies that met criteria for inclusion. One study from Germany had 11 adult participants with mild-to-moderate CD, who were treated with a one-week course of corticosteroids and antibiotics (ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily and metronidazole 250 mg three times a day), followed by randomised assignment to Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (two billion colony-forming units per day) or corn starch placebo. The other study from the United Kingdom (UK) had 35 adult participants with active CD (CDAI score of 150 to 450) randomised to receive a synbiotic treatment (comprised of freeze-dried Bifidobacterium longum and a commercial product) or placebo. The overall risk of bias was low in one study, whereas the other study had unclear risk of bias in relation to random sequence generation, allocation concealment, and blinding. There was no evidence of a difference between the use of probiotics and placebo for the induction of remission in CD (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.71; 2 studies, 46 participants) after six months. There was no difference in adverse events between probiotics and placebo (RR 2.55; 95% CI 0.11 to 58.60; 2 studies, 46 participants). The evidence for both outcomes was of very low certainty due to risk of bias and imprecision. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The available evidence is very uncertain about the efficacy or safety of probiotics, when compared with placebo, for induction of remission in Crohn's disease. There is a lack of well-designed RCTs in this area and further research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berkeley N Limketkai
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Morris Gordon
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Akinlolu Adedayo Adepoju
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Butler É, Lundqvist C, Axelsson J. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 as a Novel Topical Cosmetic Ingredient: A Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071026. [PMID: 32664536 PMCID: PMC7409218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin where sufferers can frequently be subject to infections. Probiotics are known to be potent immune-modulators, and live Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 has shown to be anti-inflammatory but also to possess antimicrobial and barrier function properties. This study aimed to investigate and compare two investigational ointment products (topical probiotic and control) for cutaneous acceptability, safety, and efficacy under normal conditions of use, in adult subjects with atopic dermatitis. The products were applied twice daily for 8 weeks, and cutaneous acceptability, SCORAD index, local SCORAD, and adverse events were evaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. At the end of the observations, it was demonstrated that both the probiotic-containing and probiotic-free ointments were both cutaneously acceptable and safe. It importantly showed a statistically and clinically significant improvement of the SCORAD index and local SCORAD in adult subjects with AD after 4 and 8 weeks of continuous use. In conclusion, we show evidence that the probiotic product, containing live L. reuteri DSM 17938 as an extra ingredient, is safe and promising as a novel topical cosmetic ointment and with further testing could be a standard topical product for the management of atopic dermatitis or other disorders associated with the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éile Butler
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Faculty of health and society, Department of Health Biomedical, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms Gata 25, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Axelsson
- BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; (É.B.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is generally considered a T helper type 2-dominated disease. Pediatric AD is usually less severe than adult AD, but it may present as moderate to severe lesions that are inadequately managed by current modalities including emollients/moisturizers, topical corticosteroids (TCSs), topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), and even systemic immunosuppressants (such as cyclosporine, azathioprine, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil). In addition, systemic immunosuppressants are often not recommended for childhood AD by the current guidelines due to their toxicities. Therefore, there is still an unmet need for a safe and effective long-term therapy for pediatric AD patients whose disease is inadequately controlled or who are intolerant to current treatments. The emerging therapeutics for AD focuses on intervening in the inflammatory pathway by targeting specific cytokines/chemokines or their receptors. Monoclonal antibodies against immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-4 receptor subunit α, IL-5, IL-13, IL-31 receptor subunit α, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) have been evaluated clinically for AD. Encouraging results have been reported for many of the biologics, of which the most exciting is dupilumab. Other emerging systemic therapies include small molecules such as baricitinib, abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and tradipitant. Several novel topical agents are under clinical investigation for the treatment of AD, including topical phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulating agents, and transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) antagonists. Accompanied by thorough characterization of different phenotype and endotype subsets, the application of precision medicine could provide new prospects for the optimal treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|