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Rai MF, Cai L, Chinzei N, Schmidt EJ, Yousuf O, Guilak F, Brophy RH. Distinct patterns of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in synovial fluid after ACL injury in comparison to osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1448-1462. [PMID: 38294185 PMCID: PMC11161321 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed knee synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and in osteoarthritis (OA) to test the hypotheses that concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors differ (a) by diagnosis and (b) after ACL tear by time from injury and presence/absence of concomitant meniscus tear. Synovial fluid samples were collected from two groups, ACL tears (with or without meniscus tear) (N = 13) and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 and 4 OA (N = 16), undergoing clinically indicated aspiration of the knee joint. Multiple cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were assessed using a multiplexed 45-protein panel. Comparisons were made for the concentrations of all molecules between ACL tear and OA patients, isolated versus combined ACL and meniscus tears, and categorized by time from injury: acute or early subacute (<15 days, N = 8) versus late subacute or chronic (>15 days and <3 months, N = 5). ACL tear patients have higher levels of six molecules (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, PlGF-1, bNGF, TNF-α) in knee synovial fluid compared to OA patients. Isolated ACL tears express higher levels of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-γ and lower levels of IL-7 than ACL tears with a concomitant meniscus tear. SDF-1α, PlGF-1, IL-1RA, HGF, bNGF, and BDNF levels are elevated immediately after injury and drop off significantly in the late subacute phase (after 15 days). Synovial fluid from knees with ACL tears have elevated metabolic activity compared to knees with OA. The cytokine profiles after ACL tears are influenced by the time from injury and the presence of meniscus tears. These findings offer valuable insights into the levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the knee after ACL injury, information which may have important implications for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this common pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University of Science and Engineering, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Nobuaki Chinzei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Eric J. Schmidt
- College of Medical Science, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA 24501, United States
| | - Omer Yousuf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave. St. Louis, MO 63110 United States
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Guo X, Wang CC, Chung JPW, Li TC, Chen X. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), placental growth factor (PlGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum from women undergoing frozen embryo transfer. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:987-997. [PMID: 35243939 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2022.2040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1 are three main angiogenic factors which play significant roles in embryo implantation. However, the relationship between serum expressions of VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1 and pregnancy outcomes has not been fully illustrated. In this study, serum specimens were collected precisely on day 7 after the LH surge in a natural non-conception cycle from 38 infertile patients who underwent frozen embryo transfer (FET) treatment. ELISA was used to determine the concentrations of VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1. Serum levels of VEGFA, PlGF and IGF-1 were compared between patients who conceived (n=25) and who did not (n=13). Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to investigate the correlations of serum angiogenic factors and β-hCG MoM levels in the pregnant group. The results demonstrated that no significant difference was found in serum VEGFA, PlGF or IGF-1 concentration between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between IGF-1 concentration and β-hCG level in pregnant participants (rs = 0.490, p = 0.013). In conclusion, serum IGF-1 level correlated positively with β-hCG level in pregnant women, which may provide information on the prognostic value of IGF-1 in this group of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jacqueline Pui Wah Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Tin Chiu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Yasuda K, Noma H, Oyama E, Yanagida K, Asakage M, Shimura M. Effects of Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection to Treat Macular Edema due to Central Retinal Vein Occlusion on Choroidal Findings and Functional-Morphological Parameters. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:1063-1070. [PMID: 37331343 PMCID: PMC10614477 DOI: 10.1159/000531498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little research has examined the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy on subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), choroidal blood flow, aqueous flare, and humor levels of growth and inflammatory factors in patients with macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS In 58 patients with macular edema due to CRVO treated by intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI), we retrospectively assessed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, assessed as the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]), 8 aqueous factors (by suspension array), mean blur rate (MBR; estimated by laser speckle flowgraphy as a measure of choroidal blood flow), aqueous flare (with a laser flare meter), and SCT and central macular thickness (CMT; by optical coherence tomography). RESULTS After 4 weeks, IRI resulted in a significant improvement in BCVA and CMT and a significant reduction in SCT, choroidal MBR, and aqueous flare. SCT was significantly positively correlated with placental growth factor and significantly negatively correlated with platelet-derived growth factor-AA, and change in SCT was significantly negatively correlated with change in BCVA (logMAR). Aqueous flare was significantly negatively correlated with SCT. CONCLUSION Growth and inflammatory factors may be associated with SCT, and changes in SCT may be associated with changes in BCVA after IRI to treat macular edema due to CRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Noma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Oyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Yanagida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Asakage
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Noma H, Yasuda K, Mimura T, Shimura M. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHOROIDAL FINDINGS AND GROWTH FACTORS, CYTOKINES, AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AFTER INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB INJECTION IN PATIENTS WITH MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION. Retina 2022; 42:744-751. [PMID: 35350049 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine possible associations between subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), choroidal blood flow, aqueous flare value, and aqueous humor levels of multiple growth factors, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion and macular edema who received antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. METHODS We recruited 65 patients with macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion who received intravitreal ranibizumab injection and measured aqueous levels of eight factors by the suspension array method. Furthermore, we evaluated choroidal blood flows by laser speckle flowgraphy and quantified them as the mean blur rate and measured aqueous flare values using a laser flare meter and SCT and central macular thickness by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS At 1 month after intravitreal ranibizumab injection, central macular thickness was significantly improved and SCT, choroidal mean blur rate, and aqueous flare value were significantly decreased. SCT was significantly correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor, and the change in both SCT and central macular thickness was significantly correlated with the change in aqueous flare value. However, only SCT was significantly negatively correlated with the aqueous flare value. CONCLUSION Growth factors seem to play a role in SCT. In macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion, antivascular endothelial growth factor agents may decrease SCT by reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Noma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; and
| | - Kanako Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; and
| | - Tatsuya Mimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan ; and
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Taghizadeh E, Tazik K, Taheri F, Shayankia G, Gheibihayat SM, Saberi A. Abnormal angiogenesis associated with HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in recurrent miscarriage along with therapeutic goals. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Uemura A, Fruttiger M, D'Amore PA, De Falco S, Joussen AM, Sennlaub F, Brunck LR, Johnson KT, Lambrou GN, Rittenhouse KD, Langmann T. VEGFR1 signaling in retinal angiogenesis and microinflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100954. [PMID: 33640465 PMCID: PMC8385046 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Five vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) ligands (VEGF-A, -B, -C, -D, and placental growth factor [PlGF]) constitute the VEGF family. VEGF-A binds VEGF receptors 1 and 2 (VEGFR1/2), whereas VEGF-B and PlGF only bind VEGFR1. Although much research has been conducted on VEGFR2 to elucidate its key role in retinal diseases, recent efforts have shown the importance and involvement of VEGFR1 and its family of ligands in angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and microinflammatory cascades within the retina. Expression of VEGFR1 depends on the microenvironment, is differentially regulated under hypoxic and inflammatory conditions, and it has been detected in retinal and choroidal endothelial cells, pericytes, retinal and choroidal mononuclear phagocytes (including microglia), Müller cells, photoreceptor cells, and the retinal pigment epithelium. Whilst the VEGF-A decoy function of VEGFR1 is well established, consequences of its direct signaling are less clear. VEGFR1 activation can affect vascular permeability and induce macrophage and microglia production of proinflammatory and proangiogenic mediators. However the ability of the VEGFR1 ligands (VEGF-A, PlGF, and VEGF-B) to compete against each other for receptor binding and to heterodimerize complicates our understanding of the relative contribution of VEGFR1 signaling alone toward the pathologic processes seen in diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular occlusions, retinopathy of prematurity, and age-related macular degeneration. Clinically, anti-VEGF drugs have proven transformational in these pathologies and their impact on modulation of VEGFR1 signaling is still an opportunity-rich field for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Marcus Fruttiger
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Sandro De Falco
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; ANBITION S.r.l., Via Manzoni 1, 80123, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonia M Joussen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, and Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Lynne R Brunck
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kristian T Johnson
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - George N Lambrou
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kay D Rittenhouse
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Pharmaceuticals, Peter-Merian-Strasse 84, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Zhan H, Li H, Liu C, Cheng L, Yan S, Li Y. Association of Circulating Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels With Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674343. [PMID: 34122433 PMCID: PMC8191579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by immune-mediated tissue damage, in which angiogenesis is a prominent pathogenic mechanism. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenesis modulator, is significantly elevated in several ADs including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We determined whether circulating VEGF levels were associated with ADs based on pooled evidence. Methods The analyses included 165 studies from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases and fulfilled the study criteria. Comparisons of circulating VEGF levels between patients with ADs and healthy controls were performed by determining pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a random-effect model using STATA 16.0. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were performed to determine heterogeneity and to test robustness. Results Compared with healthy subjects, circulating VEGF levels were significantly higher in patients with SLE (SMD 0.84, 95% CI 0.25-1.44, P = 0.0056), RA (SMD 1.48, 95% CI 0.82-2.15, P <0.0001), SSc (SMD 0.56, 95% CI 0.36-0.75, P <0.0001), Behcet's disease (SMD 1.65, 95% CI 0.88-2.41, P <0.0001), Kawasaki disease (SMD 2.41, 95% CI 0.10-4.72, P = 0.0406), ankylosing spondylitis (SMD 0.78, 95% CI 0.23-1.33, P = 0.0052), inflammatory bowel disease (SMD 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.71, P <0.0001), psoriasis (SMD 0.98, 95% CI 0.62-1.34, P <0.0001), and Graves' disease (SMD 0.69, 95% CI 0.20-1.19, P = 0.0056). Circulating VEGF levels correlated with disease activity and hematological parameters in ADs. Conclusion Circulating VEGF levels were associated with ADs and could predict disease manifestations, severity and activity in patients with ADs. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021227843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Angiogenic cytokines can reflect the synovitis severity and treatment response to biologics in rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:843-853. [PMID: 32461558 PMCID: PMC7272442 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0443-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and synoviocyte hyperplasia, called 'pannus,' are pathologic hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To determine the clinical significance of angiogenic cytokines in RA, the levels of pro-angiogenic cytokines, including VEGF, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and IL-6, were measured in the synovial fluid (SF, n = 54) and sera of RA patients (n = 157) using ELISA. Patients (n = 103) with disease activity score 28 (DAS28) > 3.2, which indicates moderate to high RA activity, underwent follow-up blood sampling at 6 months after treatment with conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (c-DMARD) or biologic DMARD (b-DMARD) including an anti-TNFα antibody, an anti-IL-6 antibody, and abatacept. Ultrasonography (US) was performed on affected joints to define the synovitis severity at the time of sampling. Consequently, in the SF of RA patients, PlGF and IL-6 levels correlated well with synovitis severity determined by US. In RA sera, VEGF and IL-6 levels were elevated in proportion to synovitis severity, correlating with conventional markers for disease activity, including ESR, CRP, and DAS28. In c-DMARD users (n = 53), serially monitored levels of serum VEGF, IL-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) all decreased in good and moderate responders but not in nonresponders. In b-DMARD users (n = 49), only serum VEGF well represented the treatment response, while CRP nonspecifically decreased irrespective of the treatment outcome. By multivariable analysis, serum ΔVEGF, but not ΔESR or ΔCRP, was an independent factor associated with good and moderate responses to DMARD. In summary, the angiogenic cytokines PlGF and VEGF represent the synovitis severity of RA assessed by US. In patients receiving b-DMARD, serum VEGF may be more valuable than CRP in reflecting the treatment response.
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Goulart A, Ferreira C, Rodrigues A, Coimbra B, Sousa N, Leão P. The correlation between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor VEGF receptor 3 in colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Treat Res 2019; 97:15-20. [PMID: 31297348 PMCID: PMC6609416 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.97.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite plasma biomarkers offering a number of advantages over tissue-based markers, the relationship between serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGF-R) tumor expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. This study was designed to establish the relationship between the concentration of serum VEGF and tumor VEGF-R expression in patients with CRC. Methods A prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery during 1 year. Preoperative VEGF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and VEGF-R3 by immunochemistry. Results The initial sample included 134 patients with CRC diagnosis. Results showed significant association of serum values of VEGF with VEGF-R3 expression (P < 0.001), even in the presence of confounders (sex, age, body mass index, tumor location, and surgical approach). The estimated effect size was high (η2 = 0.35). Conclusion Serum VEGF has a significant correlation with tumoral VEGF-R3 expression in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Goulart
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Ferreira
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rodrigues
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Barbara Coimbra
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Leão
- General Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal.,Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Lacal PM, Graziani G. Therapeutic implication of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) targeting in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment by competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:97-107. [PMID: 30170190 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) is a tyrosine kinase receptor for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF) ligands that is expressed in endothelial, myelomonocytic and tumor cells. VEGF-B and PlGF exclusively bind to VEGFR-1, whereas VEGF-A also binds to VEGFR-2. At variance with VEGFR-2, VEGFR-1 does not play a relevant role in physiological angiogenesis in the adult, while it is important in tumor-associated angiogenesis. VEGFR-1 and PlGF are expressed in a variety of tumors, promote invasiveness and contribute to resistance to anti-VEGF-A therapy. The currently approved antiangiogenic therapies for the treatment of a variety of solid tumors hamper VEGF-A signaling mediated by both VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-1 [i.e., the monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti-VEGF-A bevacizumab, the chimeric molecule aflibercept and several small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors] or exclusively by VEGFR-2 (i.e., the mAb anti-VEGFR-2 ramucirumab). However, molecules that interfere with VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling determine severe adverse effects due to inhibition of physiological angiogenesis and their efficacy is hampered by tumor infiltration of protumoral myeloid cells. Blockade of VEGFR-1 may exert anti-tumor activity by multiple mechanisms: a) inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis; b) reduction of myeloid progenitor mobilization and tumor infiltration by VEGFR-1 expressing M2 macrophages, which contribute to tumor progression and spreading; c) inhibition of invasiveness, vasculogenic mimicry and survival of VEGFR-1 positive tumor cells. As a consequence of these properties, molecules targeting VEGFR-1 are expected to produce less adverse effects and to counteract resistance towards anti-VEGF-A therapies. More interestingly, selective VEGFR-1 inhibition might enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will examine the experimental evidence available so far that supports targeting VEGFR-1 signal transduction pathway for cancer treatment by competitive inhibitors that prevent growth factor interaction with the receptor and non-competitive inhibitors that hamper receptor activation without affecting ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Murugavel S, Bugyei-Twum A, Matkar PN, Al-Mubarak H, Chen HH, Adam M, Jain S, Narang T, Abdin RM, Qadura M, Connelly KA, Leong-Poi H, Singh KK. Valproic Acid Induces Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Like Phenotypic Switching. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:737. [PMID: 30050438 PMCID: PMC6050396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is a widely used anticonvulsant drug that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation for anticancer therapy due to its anti-angiogenic potential. Endothelial cells (ECs) can transition into mesenchymal cells and this form of EC plasticity is called endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which is widely implicated in several pathologies including cancer and organ fibrosis. However, the effect of VPA on EC plasticity and EndMT remains completely unknown. We report herein that VPA-treatment significantly inhibits tube formation, migration, nitric oxide production, proliferation and migration in ECs. A microscopic evaluation revealed, and qPCR, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting data confirmed EndMT-like phenotypic switching as well as an increased expression of pro-fibrotic genes in VPA-treated ECs. Furthermore, our data confirmed important and regulatory role played by TGFβ-signaling in VPA-induced EndMT. Our qPCR array data performed for 84 endothelial genes further supported our findings and demonstrated 28 significantly and differentially regulated genes mainly implicated in angiogenesis, endothelial function, EndMT and fibrosis. We, for the first time report that VPA-treatment associated EndMT contributes to the VPA-associated loss of endothelial function. Our data also suggest that VPA based therapeutics may exacerbate endothelial dysfunction and EndMT-related phenotype in patients undergoing anticonvulsant or anticancer therapy, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoinette Bugyei-Twum
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pratiek N Matkar
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Husain Al-Mubarak
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hao H Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamed Adam
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shubha Jain
- Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya Narang
- Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rawand M Abdin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Division of Cardiology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna K Singh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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12
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Apicella I, Cicatiello V, Acampora D, Tarallo V, De Falco S. Full Functional Knockout of Placental Growth Factor by Knockin with an Inactive Variant Able to Heterodimerize with VEGF-A. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3635-3646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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13
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Newell LF, Holtan SG, Yates JE, Pereira L, Tyner JW, Burd I, Bagby GC. PlGF enhances TLR-dependent inflammatory responses in human mononuclear phagocytes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017. [PMID: 28635072 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Levels of placental growth factor (PlGF) peak during third trimester of pregnancy, a time when women are at increased risk of virus-induced morbidity. We hypothesized PlGF might contribute to an exaggerated inflammatory response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. METHOD OF STUDY Primary human adult and cord blood CD14+ cells were cultured in the presence of TLR ligands and/or PlGF. RESULTS PlGF significantly enhanced the magnitude and duration of TNF messenger RNA and protein production by TLR-7/8-activated monocytes, and increased subsequent production of TNF-independent inflammatory cytokines. This PlGF/TLR effect involved multiple inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and was seen with the majority of TLR agonists. PlGF enhanced phosphorylation of IkappaB kinase (IKK) in monocytes stimulated with the TLR-7/8 agonist R848, and IKK inhibition completely suppressed the PlGF effect. CONCLUSION PlGF enhances TLR-signaling upstream of IKK and contributes to an exaggerated pathologic pro-inflammatory state in response to activation of maternal and fetal mononuclear phagocytes by specific TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Newell
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shernan G Holtan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplant, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jane E Yates
- Northwest Veterans Affairs Cancer Research Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Leonardo Pereira
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Development, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Integrated Research Center for Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Grover C Bagby
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Northwest Veterans Affairs Cancer Research Center, Portland, OR, USA
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Newell LF, Holtan SG. Placental growth factor: What hematologists need to know. Blood Rev 2017; 31:57-62. [PMID: 27608972 PMCID: PMC5916812 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although first identified in placenta, the angiogenic factor known as placental growth factor (PlGF) can be widely expressed in ischemic or damaged tissues. Recent studies have indicated that PlGF is a relevant factor in the pathobiology of blood diseases including hemoglobinopathies and hematologic malignancies. Therapies for such blood diseases may one day be based upon these and ongoing investigations into the role of PlGF in sickle cell disease, acute and chronic leukemias, and complications related to hematopoietic cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent studies regarding the potential role of PlGF in blood disorders and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Newell
- Oregon Health and Science University, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Shernan G Holtan
- University of Minnesota, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENT RESPONSE TO AFLIBERCEPT IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION REFRACTORY TO RANIBIZUMAB: Time Course and Drug Effects. Retina 2016; 36:881-8. [PMID: 27115852 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the time course of pigment epithelium detachment (PED) height and its change after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor switch from ranibizumab to aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS This retrospective study included 60 eyes of 50 consecutive patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration who showed refractory intraretinal or subretinal fluid (≥9 months) despite monthly ranibizumab treatment and an associated PED (height ≥150 μm). The treatment was switched to aflibercept, and patients were followed-up for at least 9 months. Data on the height and type of PED, exudative fluid, and best-corrected visual acuity were collected at four different time points (two before and two after the drug switch). RESULTS The maximal PED height was significantly decreased over time, both under ranibizumab and aflibercept treatment. However, the reduction was significantly greater during the 3 months after the switch to aflibercept, due to two outliers. Visual acuity remained stable. Complete resolution of intraretinal or subretinal fluid was observed in 9 cases (15%) at 3 months after switch, allowing for treatment interval extension. CONCLUSION Maximal PED height continuously decreased over time. Switching the intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medication from ranibizumab to aflibercept had a significantly stronger short-term effect on PED height reduction, without changes in visual acuity.
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Placental Growth Factor Is Secreted by the Human Endometrium and Has Potential Important Functions during Embryo Development and Implantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163096. [PMID: 27711226 PMCID: PMC5053405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation requires synchronized dialogue between the receptive endometrium and activated blastocyst via locally produced soluble mediators. During the mid-secretory (MS) phase of the menstrual cycle, increased glandular secretion into the uterine lumen provides important mediators that modulate the endometrium and support the conceptus during implantation. Previously we demonstrated the importance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the human uterus, particularly with respect to embryo implantation. In the current study, proteomic analysis of human uterine lavage fluid identified the presence of placental growth factor (PlGF) a homolog of VEGF, that binds the VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1). Analysis of immunostaining for PlGF in human endometrial tissue across the menstrual cycle (from both fertile and infertile women) revealed PlGF was predominantly localised to glandular and luminal epithelial cells, with staining in the decidualising stromal cells surrounding the maternal spiral arteries in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Immunoreactive PlGF was also detected in subpopulations of endometrial leukocytes. Functional studies demonstrated that culturing mouse embryos with recombinant human (rh)PlGF enhanced blastocyst cell number and outgrowth. Furthermore, treatment of human endometrial epithelial cells (EEC) with rhPlGF enhanced EEC adhesion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that PlGF is abundant in the human endometrium, and secreted into the uterine lumen where it mediates functional changes in cellular adhesion with important roles in implantation.
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Parallel Aspects of the Microenvironment in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:4375120. [PMID: 26997761 PMCID: PMC4779817 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4375120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and autoimmune diseases are fundamentally different pathological conditions. In cancer, the immune response is suppressed and unable to eradicate the transformed self-cells, while in autoimmune diseases it is hyperactivated against a self-antigen, leading to tissue injury. Yet, mechanistically, similarities in the triggering of the immune responses can be observed. In this review, we highlight some parallel aspects of the microenvironment in cancer and autoimmune diseases, especially hypoxia, and the role of macrophages, neutrophils, and their interaction. Macrophages, owing to their plastic mode of activation, can generate a pro- or antitumoral microenvironment. Similarly, in autoimmune diseases, macrophages tip the Th1/Th2 balance via various effector cytokines. The contribution of neutrophils, an additional plastic innate immune cell population, to the microenvironment and disease progression is recently gaining more prominence in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, as they can secrete cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as acquire an enhanced ability to produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that are now considered important initiators of autoimmune diseases. Understanding the contribution of macrophages and neutrophils to the cancerous or autoimmune microenvironment, as well as the role their interaction and cooperation play, may help identify new targets and improve therapeutic strategies.
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Bozduman T, Ersoy Evans S, Karahan S, Hayran Y, Akbiyik F, Lay I. Genetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis in Turkish Population: -1540 C/A, -1512 Ins18, and +405 C/G Polymorphisms within the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:30-9. [PMID: 26848216 PMCID: PMC4737833 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence regarding the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as a potent mediator of angiogenesis and inflammation in psoriasis has revealed variations in this gene as surrogate markers of psoriasis. Objective VEGFA gene polymorphisms (-1540 C/A, -1512 Ins18, -460 T/C, and +405 C/G) in psoriasis susceptibility in Turkish population were investigated. Methods A total of 200 age, sex and ethnicity-matched psoriatic and healthy individuals were examined for clinical type, response to therapy, serum VEGFA and its receptor levels, genotypes and haplotypes. Results The +405 GG, +405 CG, -1540 CA, and -1512 +Ins18 genotypes conferred a significant risk for developing psoriasis. The C-InsTC haplotype in the controls and C+InsTG, A+InsTC, and A-InsTG haplotypes in psoriatic patients were observed to be significantly high. Increased serum levels of VEGFA were detected in psoriatic patients with the C-InsTC haplotype than that in the controls. The +405 GG genotype was significantly more frequent in psoriatic patients with a positive family history, and the moderate form of psoriasis was more frequent among C+InsTG haplotype carriers than that among the other patients. The +405 GG genotype was found to be more frequent in patients responding to oral retinoids. Serum VEGFR1/FLT1 and VEGFR2/KDR levels were not significantly different when psoriatic patients and controls were stratified based on the risk polymorphic variants. Conclusion VEGFA gene +405 GG and CG, -1512+Ins18, and -1540 CA genotypes are associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in Turkish population. The G allele at +405 and an 18-bp insertion at -1512 are primarily the risk factors for psoriasis, and this risk is potentiated by the presence of the A allele at the -1540 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Bozduman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ersoy Evans
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Hayran
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Akbiyik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.; Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Incilay Lay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.; Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey
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CONVERSION TO AFLIBERCEPT THERAPY VERSUS CONTINUING WITH RANIBIZUMAB THERAPY FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DEPENDENT ON MONTHLY RANIBIZUMAB TREATMENT. Retina 2016; 36:53-8. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen S, Zhou M, Wang W, Wu H, Yu X, Huang W, Gao X, Wang J, Li X, Du S, Ding X, Zhang X. Levels of angiogenesis-related vascular endothelial growth factor family in neovascular glaucoma eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e556-60. [PMID: 25783445 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the angiogenesis-related factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family in the aqueous humour of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). METHODS This study involved 22 eyes of 22 patients with advanced NVG requiring antiglaucomatous surgery and 20 control subjects with cataracts. The NVG eyes received an intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) treatment before antiglaucomatous surgery. Aqueous humour and blood were collected at the time of IVR and cataract surgery. Protein concentration of VEGF-A, VEGF-B and placenta growth factor (PlGF) in aqueous humour and plasma was determined by ELISA tests. RESULTS The mean concentration (standard deviation) of VEGF-A and PlGF in the aqueous humour of patients with NVG were 3037 (2387) pg/ml and 1078 (712) pg/ml, respectively; both were significantly higher than the control group (both p < 0.001). However, levels of VEGF-A and PlGF in the serum of NVG and control subjects remained low. High concentrations of VEGF-A were closely correlated with high levels of PlGF in patients with NVG (r = 0.593, p = 0.004). Concentrations of VEGF-B in aqueous humour and serum remained unchanged (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION There were high concentrations of angiogenesis factors of the VEGF family, with the exception of VEGF-B, in the aqueous humour of patients with NVG, and there was a positive correlation between VEGF-A and PlGF. High PlGF levels in patients with NVG may provide another potential target for treatment of NVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Chen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Minwen Zhou
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Ophthalmology; Shanghai First People's Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiling Yu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenbin Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xingyi Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Shaolin Du
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
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Factors Influencing the Treatment Response of Pigment Epithelium Detachment in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2015; 160:732-8.e2. [PMID: 26144701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effect of various baseline factors, particularly the type of drug (ranibizumab vs aflibercept), on the functional and anatomic response of treatment-naïve pigment epithelial detachment (PED) associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (neovascular AMD), after 3 intravitreal injections. DESIGN Retrospective consecutive case series. METHODS This study included 102 patients (n = 115 eyes) with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD and PED (>150 μm), who were treated with either ranibizumab (n = 68 eyes) or aflibercept (n = 47 eyes). A multivariate analysis using stepwise linear regression was performed in order to assess factors influencing visual acuity improvement, as well as treatment response of PED height after 3 monthly injections. RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that better visual improvement was associated with lower best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at baseline (P = .001), presence of subretinal fluid (P = .001), and retinal angiomatous proliferation (P = .001); PED reduction was associated with higher PED at baseline (P = .001), predominantly serous PED (P = .003), and the use of aflibercept (P = .022). Drug type was not associated with change in BCVA at 3 months. CONCLUSION Eyes with neovascular AMD and PED showed significant functional and anatomic response after 3 monthly intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. The functional response depended on baseline BCVA, presence of subretinal fluid, and retinal angiomatous proliferation, while anatomic response was influenced by baseline PED height, degree of vascularization, and drug type. Drug type was not associated with change in BCVA, but had a weak effect on anatomic response.
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Wu RI, Sluss PM, Mino-Kenudson M, Brugge WR, Pitman MB. Analysis of VEGF/PlGF heterodimer level in pancreatic cyst fluid as a biomarker for serous cystadenoma. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2015; 4:79-83. [PMID: 31051713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2014.09.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF) analysis provides valuable information in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cysts. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and other proangiogenesis factors such a placental growth factor (PlGF) are promising biomarkers for identifying serous cystadenoma (SCA). VEGF-A has recently been reported as a SCA marker. We sought to assess the value of the VEGF-A/PlGF heterodimer as a potential biomarker of SCA in PCF. MATERIALS AND METHODS PCF was analyzed for VEGF/PlGF and 7 additional proangiogenic markers including VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial (TIE-2), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), PlGF, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). True-positive or false-negative results were determined by histological confirmation of SCA and false-positive or true-negative results with confirmation of a non-SCA cyst by either cytology or histology, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen ≥192 ng/mL, elevated amylase ≥5000 U/L, or detected KRAS/GNAS mutations. RESULTS Forty-eight PCFs were analyzed; 1 was technically inadequate. Of the remaining 47, 3 (6%) contained measurable (>60 pg/mL) concentrations of VEGF/PlGF heterodimer: 1 pseudocyst, 1 cystic adenocarcinoma, and 1 SCA. Of 6 histologically confirmed SCAs, there was only 1 (17%) true positive. Six PCFs were not classifiable due to insufficient data, leaving 41 PCFs for performance calculations (33 true negative, 5 false negative, 1 true positive, and 2 false positive) yielding a sensitivity of 17% and specificity of 94%. CONCLUSIONS VEGF/PlGF heterodimer is present in low concentrations in PCF and is an insensitive biomarker for SCA. Additional study is required to determine clinical utility of heterodimeric VEGF/PlGF in combination with other proangiogenic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseann I Wu
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 219, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick M Sluss
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 219, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 219, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William R Brugge
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martha B Pitman
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Warren 219, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Jeon SY, Ha SM, Ko DY, Ku BS, Lee CY, Song KH, Kim KH. Tazarotene-induced gene 3 may affect inflammatory angiogenesis in psoriasis by downregulating placental growth factor expression. Ann Dermatol 2014; 26:517-20. [PMID: 25143685 PMCID: PMC4135111 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2014.26.4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Jeon
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Ha
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeob Ko
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Bon-Seok Ku
- Beautiful Esthetic & Dermatologic Clinics, Busan, Korea
| | - Chae-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Sorokdo National Hospital, Goheung, Korea
| | - Ki-Hoon Song
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Hagag AA, Elmashad G, Abd El-Lateef AE. Clinical significance of assessment of thrombospondin and placenta growth factor levels in patients with sickle cell anemia: two centers egyptian studies. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2014; 6:e2014044. [PMID: 25045452 PMCID: PMC4103513 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2014.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease has a worldwide distribution. Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is one of the most important clinical features of the disease. Thrombospondin (TSP1) and Placenta growth factor (PlGF) have been reported to be involved in sickle cell diseases (SCD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of Thrombospondin and Placenta growth factor profiles in patients with sickle cell disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was carried out in sixty patients with sickle cell anemia who were attendants to Hematology units, Pediatric Departments, Tanta and Elmenofia University Hospitals in the period between December 2011 and May 2014 including thirty patients during vaso-occlusive crisis and thirty patients out of crisis. Also this study included twenty healthy children of matched age and sex as a control group. Serum TSP1 and PlGF levels were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS In SCA patients with crisis the mean serum Thrombospondin level was 902.5±280.89 ng/mL; in SCA patients out of crisis the mean serum Thrombospondin level was 462.5 ± 190.2 ng/mL and in controls the mean value was 236.66±58.29 ng/mL. In SCA patients with crisis the mean serum Placenta growth factor level was 19.97±1.28 pg/ml; in SCA patients out of crisis the mean serum Placenta growth factor level was 13.12 ± 1.82 pg/ml and in controls the mean value was 9.89 ± 1.20 pg/ml. All paired comparisons for Thrombospondin and Placenta growth factor reached statistical significance (P< 0.001). There was significant positive correlation between serum Thrombospondin and Placenta growth factor levels in sickle cell anemia patients during crisis (r=0.848, p=<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show TSP1and PlGF concentration changes in patients with SCD in a large cohort study from Middle East, and to show correlation between both markers; therefore TSP1and PlGF may be useful VOC markers in SCD patients. RECOMMENDATION To further assess TSP1 and PlGF as a marker of VOC in patients with SCD, further studies should be conducted to determine the exact point before VOC, when serum TSP1 and PIGF levels begin to increase. This requires monitoring of the TSP1 and PIGF levels in sickle cell patients out of crisis, showing how rapidly these levels increase just before VOC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel A Hagag
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Ghada Elmashad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Elmenofia University, Egypt
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Cavallaro G, Filippi L, Bagnoli P, La Marca G, Cristofori G, Raffaeli G, Padrini L, Araimo G, Fumagalli M, Groppo M, Dal Monte M, Osnaghi S, Fiorini P, Mosca F. The pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity: an update of previous and recent knowledge. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92:2-20. [PMID: 23617889 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease that can cause blindness in very low birthweight infants. The incidence of ROP is closely correlated with the weight and the gestational age at birth. Despite current therapies, ROP continues to be a highly debilitating disease. Our advancing knowledge of the pathogenesis of ROP has encouraged investigations into new antivasculogenic therapies. The purpose of this article is to review the findings on the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the transition between the first and second phases of ROP and to investigate new potential therapies. Oxygen has been well characterized for the key role that it plays in retinal neoangiogenesis. Low or high levels of pO2 regulate the normal or abnormal production of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), which are the predominant regulators of retinal angiogenesis. Although low oxygen saturation appears to reduce the risk of severe ROP when carefully controlled within the first few weeks of life, the optimal level of saturation still remains uncertain. IGF-1 and Epo are fundamentally required during both phases of ROP, as alterations in their protein levels can modulate disease progression. Therefore, rhIGF-1 and rhEpo were tested for their abilities to prevent the loss of vasculature during the first phase of ROP, whereas anti-VEGF drugs were tested during the second phase. At present, previous hypotheses concerning ROP should be amended with new pathogenetic theories. Studies on the role of genetic components, nitric oxide, adenosine, apelin and β-adrenergic receptor have revealed new possibilities for the treatment of ROP. The genetic hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the β-ARs play an active role in the pathogenesis of ROP suggests the concept of disease prevention using β-blockers. In conclusion, all factors that can mediate the progression from the avascular to the proliferative phase might have significant implications for the further understanding and treatment of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cavallaro
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, ItalyNICU, Medical and Surgical Feto-Neonatal Department, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Biology, Unit of General Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyNeurometabolic Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Serum levels of three angiogenic factors in systemic lupus erythematosus and their clinical significance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:627126. [PMID: 24511540 PMCID: PMC3912880 DOI: 10.1155/2014/627126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Our research investigates the serum levels of three angiogenic factors in the AF family, namely, placenta growth factor (PlGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in 54 patients with SLE (SLE group) and 28 healthy controls (normal control) through ELISA measurement. And their interrelationships were also systematically analyzed. The SLE patients were then divided into active SLE group and inactive SLE group according to the SLEDAI score. The results show that serum levels of PlGF, bFGF, and VEGF in all SLE group and active SLE group were higher than those in normal controls. Serum levels of PlGF and bFGF in inactive SLE group were higher than those in normal controls. The level of PlGF was positively correlated with VEGF in SLE patients and positive correlation is also shown in bFGF with VEGF. The levels of PlGF and VEGF in SLE patients were positively correlated with both ESR and SLEDAI score. Thus a tentative conclusion can be drawn that the serum levels of the angiogenic factors, for example, PlGF, bFGF, and VEGF, may be relevant in the pathogenesis of SLE, and the concentrations of PlGF and VEGF seem to be the markers of SLE activity.
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Zamudio S, Kovalenko O, Echalar L, Torricos T, Al-Khan A, Alvarez M, Illsley NP. Evidence for extraplacental sources of circulating angiogenic growth effectors in human pregnancy. Placenta 2013; 34:1170-6. [PMID: 24161217 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are associated with reduced blood flow, contributing to placental and fetal hypoxia. Placental hypoxia is thought to cause altered production of angiogenic growth effectors (AGEs), reflected in the circulation of mother and fetus. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF) and their soluble binding protein (sFlt-1) are, in turn, postulated as being causally involved in PE via induction of systemic endothelial cell dysfunction. To dissect the role of AGEs, accurate measurement is of great importance. However, the values of AGEs are highly variable, contributing to heterogeneity in their association (or lack thereof) with preeclampsia. To test the hypothesis that variability may be due to peripheral cell release of AGEs we obtained blood samples from normal healthy pregnant women (n = 90) and the cord blood of a subset of their neonates using standard serum separation and compared results obtained in parallel samples collected into reagents designed to inhibit peripheral cell activation (sodium citrate, theophylline, adenosine and dipyridamole-CTAD). AGEs were measured by ELISA. CTAD collection reduced maternal and fetal free VEGF by 83%, and 98%, respectively. Free PlGF was decreased by 29%, maternal sFlt-1 by >20% and fetal sFlt-1 by 59% in the CTAD-treated vs. serum sample (p < 0.0001). In summary blood collection techniques can profoundly alter measured concentrations of AGEs in mother and fetus. This process is highly variable, contributes to variation reported in the literature, and renders questionable the true impact of alteration in AGEs on pregnancy pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zamudio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Surgery and the Center for Abnormal Placentation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA.
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Tu HJ, Lin TH, Chiu YC, Tang CH, Yang RS, Fu WM. Enhancement of placenta growth factor expression by oncostatin M in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:983-90. [PMID: 23042533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) belongs to IL-6 subfamily and is mostly produced by T lymphocytes. High levels of OSM are detected in the pannus of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and it may arouse the inflammation responses in joints and eventually leads to bone erosion. Placenta growth factor (PLGF) is an angiogenic factor and highly homologous with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It has been recently reported that PLGF is highly expressed in synovial tissue and enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6. Here, we demonstrated that OSM increased mRNA and protein levels of PLGF in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in RA synovial fibroblasts. Inhibitors of JAK3 and PI3K antagonized OSM-induced production of PLGF. OSM enhanced the phosphorylation of Tyr705-STAT3, Ser727-STAT3, Ser473-Akt, and increased the nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 time-dependently. Transfection of dominant negative Akt or application of PI3K inhibitorLY294002 significantly inhibited p-Tyr705-STAT3, p-Ser727-STAT3, and PLGF expression, indicating that Akt is involved in JAK3/STAT3/PLGF signaling cascade. To further examine whether STAT3 binds to the promoter region of PLGF, Chip assay was used and it was found that OSM could bind with PLGF promoter, which was inhibited by JAK3 and PI3K inhibitors. Accumulation of PLGF in the pannus may contribute to the inflammation, angiogenesis and joints destruction in RA patients. These findings demonstrated the important role of OSM in the pathology network of RA and provided novel therapeutic drug targets for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Ju Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Semczuk M, Borczynska A, Bialas M, Rozwadowska N, Semczuk-Sikora A, Malcher A, Kurpisz M. Expression of genes coding for proangiogenic factors and their receptors in human placenta complicated by preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:133-8. [PMID: 23719118 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of genes coding for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) as well as their receptors, fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (VEGFR-1/Flt-1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2/KDR) in the placentae of patients with pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Tissue samples were collected from placentae of women with PE (n=31) and IUGR syndrome (n=25) as well as of healthy control women (n=31). Total RNA was extracted and purified, mRNA reversely transcribed, and amplified using real-time PCR. Expression of the examined genes was normalized to β-actin. Higher levels of PlGF (p<0.001) and Flt-1 (p<0.05) transcription were found in PE placentae compared to normal ones. A positive correlation between PlGF and Flt-1 expression was revealed in the PE patients. In conclusion, the presented data indicate the upregulation of both PlGF and Flt-1 in placentae of women with PE, which could be induced by a pathological process possibly due to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Semczuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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30
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Associations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with adhesion and inflammation molecules in a healthy population. Cytokine 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Kalamatianos T, Stavrinou LC, Koutsarnakis C, Psachoulia C, Sakas DE, Stranjalis G. PlGF and sVEGFR-1 in chronic subdural hematoma: implications for hematoma development. J Neurosurg 2013; 118:353-7. [DOI: 10.3171/2012.10.jns12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Object
A considerable body of evidence indicates that inflammation and angiogenesis play a significant role in the development and progression of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). While various experimental and clinical studies have implicated placental growth factor (PlGF) in the processes that underpin pathological angiogenesis, no study has thus far investigated its expression in CSDH. The actions of PlGF and its related proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are antagonized by a high-affinity soluble receptor, namely soluble VEGF receptor–1 (sVEGFR-1), and thus the ratio between sVEGFR-1 and angiogenic factors provides an index of angiogenic capacity.
Methods
In the present study, using an automated electrochemiluminescence assay, levels of PlGF and sVEGFR-1 were quantified in serum and hematoma fluid obtained in 16 patients with CSDH.
Results
Levels of PlGF and sVEGFR-1 were significantly higher in hematoma fluid than in serum (p < 0.0001). In serum, levels of sVEGFR-1 were higher than those of PlGF (p < 0.0001), whereas in hematoma fluid this difference was not apparent. Furthermore, the ratio of sVEGFR-1 to PlGF was significantly lower in hematoma fluid than in serum (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions
Given previous evidence indicating a role for PlGF in promoting angiogenesis, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, and stimulation, as well as its ability to amplify VEGF-driven signaling under conditions favoring pathological angiogenesis, enhanced expression of PlGF in hematoma fluid suggests the involvement of this factor in the mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis in CSDH. Furthermore, a reduced ratio of sVEGFR-1 to PlGF in hematoma fluid is consistent with the proangiogenic capacity of CSDH. Future studies are warranted to clarify the precise role of PlGF and sVEGFR-1 in CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosis Kalamatianos
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | - Lampis C. Stavrinou
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | - Christos Koutsarnakis
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | | | - Damianos E. Sakas
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
| | - George Stranjalis
- 1Hellenic Centre of Neurosurgical Research “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens; and
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Kianpour M, Nematbakhsh M, Ahmadi SM, Jafarzadeh M, Hajjarian M, Pezeshki Z, Safari T, Eshraghi-Jazi F. Serum and peritoneal fluid levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in women with endometriosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2013; 7:96-9. [PMID: 24520470 PMCID: PMC3850339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is known as one of the most common disease in women of reproductive age. Due to important role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neo-vascularization for the implantation of endometrial cell, and also presence of different studies reported VEGF level in the serum and peritoneal fluid (PF) in endometriosis patients, this study was designed to determine the serum and PF levels of VEGF in endometriosis patients, and to compare with normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive study, 179 women subjected to laparoscopy for the evaluation of infertility or pelvic pain were allocated into the following two groups: group I: different types of endometriosis patients (n=90) and group II: non-endometriosis patients (n=89). The PF from pelvis and venous blood samples were obtained. The VEGF concentration of the serum and PF were measured using enzyme immunoassay kit and were compared using t test. RESULTS The level of VEGF in serum was significantly less than that in PF in both groups (p=0.00). However, endometriosis patients had significantly higher level of VEGF in peritoneal fluid than non-endometriosis patients (p=0.043). CONCLUSION According to our findings, endometriosis is not associated with change in the level of circulating VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kianpour
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
* Corresponding Address:
Water and Electrolytes Research CentreDepartment of PhysiologyKidney Diseases Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | | | | | - Zahra Pezeshki
- Water and Electrolytes Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tahereh Safari
- Water and Electrolytes Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eshraghi-Jazi
- Water and Electrolytes Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Haghighi Poodeh S, Salonurmi T, Nagy I, Koivunen P, Vuoristo J, Räsänen J, Sormunen R, Vainio S, Savolainen MJ. Alcohol-induced premature permeability in mouse placenta-yolk sac barriers in vivo. Placenta 2012; 33:866-73. [PMID: 22884851 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute alcohol exposure induces malformation and malfunction of placenta-yolk sac tissues in rodents, reducing the labyrinth zone in the placenta and altering the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane. During normal mouse placentation the cells line up in an optimal way to form a hemotrichorial placenta where layers II and III are connected through gap junctions. These act as molecular sieves that limit the passage of large molecules. PlGF is a developmentally regulated protein that controls the passage of molecules in the vasculosyncytial membranes and media of large blood vessels in the placental villi. In addition to the chorioallontoic placenta, rodents also have another type of placenta that consists of Reichert's membrane within the trophoblast cell layer on the maternal side and the parietal endodermal cells on the embryonic site. This forms a separate materno-fetal transport system. We study here whether alcohol affects these two placental barriers, leading to placental malfunction that in turn diminishes the nutrient supply to the embryo. STUDY DESIGN CD-1 mice received two intraperitoneal injections of 3 g/kg ethanol at 4 h intervals at 8.75 days post coitum (dpc). The placentas were collected on 9.5, 11.5 and 14.5 dpc and used for histopathological protein studies. Hemotrichorial cell layer structure interactions through connective tissue and gap junction were analyzed by electron microscopy. The permeability of the feto-maternal barrier was visualized with Evans Blue. RESULTS VEGF, a permeability inducer, was found to be up-regulated in the mouse placenta after acute alcohol exposure, and permeability was also affected by altered structures in the barriers that separate the feto-maternal blood circulation which destroyed the gap junctions in the hemotrichorial cell layer, reduced the thickness of Reichert's membrane and interfered with with Reichert's trophoblast/Reichert's parietal interaction. These defects together could have caused the permeability malfunction of the placenta-yolk sac tissues as visualized and quantified here by Evans Blue leakage. CONCLUSIONS An altered PlGF/VEGF ratio together with barrier malformation may contribute to placental malfunction by altering the permeability of the feto-maternal barriers. Further studies are needed in order to show whether premature permeability is involved in the intrauterine growth restriction observed in human FAS embryos.
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Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P. PlGF: a multitasking cytokine with disease-restricted activity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2012; 2:cshperspect.a011056. [PMID: 22908198 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family that also comprises VEGF-A (VEGF), VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. Unlike VEGF, PlGF is dispensable for development and health but has diverse nonredundant roles in tissue ischemia, malignancy, inflammation, and multiple other diseases. Genetic and pharmacological gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies have identified molecular mechanisms of this multitasking cytokine and characterized the therapeutic potential of delivering or blocking PlGF for various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, VIB Vesalius Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Accumulating evidences have documented that angiogenesis is closely linked to inflammation and regulators of angiogenesis play key roles in various inflammatory conditions. PlGF is an angiogenic protein belonging to the VEGF family and is upregulated mainly in pathologic conditions. Recently, PlGF was discovered having a proinflammatory role in inflammatory arthritis and its serum level drew attention not only as a useful surrogate biomarker but also a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis and various cancers. Particularly, PlGF has attractive clinical values because endogenous PlGF is redundant for vascular development and physiological vessel maintenance in healthy adults. However, there have been conflicting results about the efficacy of PlGF inhibition depending on the experimental and clinical settings. Further close investigations for resolving the puzzle of PlGF biology are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Jo Kim
- Research Institute of Immunobiology, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul, Korea
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Wu X, Yin Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Li T, Huang R, Ruan Z, Deng Z. Effect of dietary arginine and N-carbamoylglutamate supplementation on reproduction and gene expression of eNOS, VEGFA and PlGF1 in placenta in late pregnancy of sows. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 132:187-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lowin T, Weidler C, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Capellino S, Baerwald CGO, Buttgereit F, Straub RH. Relationship between placenta growth factor 1 and vascularization, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to dehydroepiandrosterone conversion, or aromatase expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and patients with osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1799-808. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Evans CE, Branco-Price C, Johnson RS. HIF-mediated endothelial response during cancer progression. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:471-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Andraweera PH, Dekker GA, Roberts CT. The vascular endothelial growth factor family in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod Update 2012; 18:436-57. [PMID: 22495259 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dms011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth and recurrent miscarriage complicate a significant number of pregnancies. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of angiogenic growth factors is implicated in the pathophysiology of these complications. We aimed to elucidate the role of these angiogenic factors in placentation and to evaluate the predictive value of their protein concentrations and genetic variations in pregnancy complications. METHODS We performed a systematic search of PubMed, and retrieved original articles. The search included a combination of terms such as VEGF-A, placental growth factor (PlGF), kinase insert domain receptor, fms-like-tyrosine-kinase receptor 1, soluble fms-like-tyrosine-kinase receptor 1, pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth, recurrent miscarriage, placenta, prediction and polymorphisms. RESULTS This review summarizes the current knowledge of the roles of the VEGF family in early placentation and of the abnormalities in maternal plasma and placental expression of angiogenic proteins in adverse pregnancy outcomes compared with normal pregnancy. PlGF and sFLT-1 in combination with other clinical and biochemical markers in late first or second trimester appear to predict early-onset pre-eclampsia with a high sensitivity and specificity. However, VEGF family proteins do not have sufficient power to accurately predict late-onset pre-eclampsia, small-for-gestational age pregnancies or preterm birth. Functional polymorphisms in these angiogenic genes are implicated in pregnancy complications, but their contribution appears to be minor. CONCLUSIONS Although the VEGF family has important roles in normal and complicated pregnancy, the current predictive value of the VEGF family as biomarkers appears to be limited to early-onset pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Andraweera
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Shimi MSE, Hassanein SMA, Mohamed MH, Abdou RM, Roshdy A, Atef SH, Aly H. Predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor in preterm neonates with intraventricular haemorrhage. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:1586-90. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.648236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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McBane JE, Cai K, Labow RS, Santerre JP. Co-culturing monocytes with smooth muscle cells improves cell distribution within a degradable polyurethane scaffold and reduces inflammatory cytokines. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:488-501. [PMID: 21971418 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated monocytes can promote inflammation or wound repair, depending on the nature of the implant environment. Recent work showed that a degradable, polar-hydrophobic-ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) induced an anti-inflammatory monocyte phenotype. In the current study it is hypothesized that wound-healing phenotype monocytes (activated by D-PHI material chemistry) will promote human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC) to attach and migrate into porous D-PHI scaffolds. hVSMC migration is necessary for hVSMC population of the scaffold and tissue formation to occur, and then, once tissue formation is complete, the monocyte should promote contractile phenotype markers in the hVSMC. hVSMC were cultured for up to 28 days with or without monocytes and analyzed for cell viability, attachment (DNA) and migration. Lysates were analyzed for the hVSMC contractile phenotype markers calponin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as well as urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA; pro-migration marker) using immunoblotting analysis. Histological staining showed that hVSMC alone remained around the perimeter of the scaffold, whereas co-culture samples had co-localization of monocytes with hVSMC in the pores, a more even cell distribution throughout the scaffold and increased total cell attachment (P<0.05). Co-culture samples had higher cell numbers and more DNA than the addition of both single cell cultures. The water-soluble tetrazolium-1 data suggested that cells were not dying over the 28 day culture period. Calponin, also linked to cell motility, was maintained up to 28 days in the co-culture and hVSMC alone, whereas α-SMA disappeared after 7 days. Co-cultures on D-PHI showed that monocytes were activated to a wound-healing phenotype (low TNF-α, elevated IL-10), while promoting uPA expression. In summary, this study showed that, by co-culturing monocytes with hVSMC, the latter showed increased total cell attachment and infiltration into the D-PHI scaffold compared with hVSMC alone, suggesting that monocytes may promote hVSMC migration, a condition necessary for ultimately achieving uniform tissue formation in porous scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E McBane
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6
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Straub RH, Cutolo M, Fleck M. Rheumatoid Arthritis Recapitulates Events Relevant in Blastocyst Implantation and Embryogenesis: A Pathogenetic Theory. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011; 41:382-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Binder DR, Herring IP, Zimmerman KL, Phillip Pickett J, Huckle WR. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and -2 in normal and diseased canine eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15:223-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Martinsson-Niskanen T, Riisbro R, Larsson L, Winstedt L, Stenberg Y, Pakola S, Stassen JM, Glazer S. Monoclonal Antibody TB-403: A First-in-Human, Phase I, Double-Blind, Dose Escalation Study Directed Against Placental Growth Factor in Healthy Male Subjects. Clin Ther 2011; 33:1142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sandberg CA, Herring IP, Huckle WR, LeRoith T, Pickett JP, Rossmeisl JH. Aqueous humor vascular endothelial growth factor in dogs: association with intraocular disease and the development of pre-iridal fibrovascular membrane. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 15 Suppl 1:21-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Eldesoky A, Shouma A, Mosaad Y, Elhawary A. Clinical relevance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 in patients with colorectal cancer. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:170-3. [PMID: 21546718 PMCID: PMC3122085 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.80378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Some biological factors play a role in stimulation of malignant growth, metastasis and angiogenesis; however, their clinical relevance has not yet been well established for most of them. This work was aimed at studying the clinical relevance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative serum levels of VEGF and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immuno-assay in 35 CRC patients and in 30 healthy controls. RESULTS CRC patients with or without metastasis had significantly higher VEGF and IL-6 levels than healthy controls (all P < 0.001). Patients with advanced clinical stage had significantly higher levels of VEGF and IL-6 than those with early clinical stage (all P < 0.001). Also, patients with metastatic disease had significantly higher VEGF and IL-6 levels than those with localized disease (all P < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy for invasiveness was 83% for VEGF (cut off value = 240 pg/ml) and 66% for IL-6 (cut off value = 6.7 pg/ml), with sensitivity 79% and 74% and specificity 68% and 59%, respectively. CONCLUSION In CRC patients, preoperative measurement of serum VEGF and Il-6 may prove useful non-invasive diagnostic indicators associated with advanced clinical stage and tumor metastasis that warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Eldesoky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Shouma
- Department of General Surgery, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Yousef Mosaad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Amira Elhawary
- Department of Pathology, Mansoura University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Chaballe L, Close P, Sempels M, Delstanche S, Fanielle J, Moons L, Carmeliet P, Schoenen J, Chariot A, Franzen R. Involvement of placental growth factor in Wallerian degeneration. Glia 2010; 59:379-96. [PMID: 21264946 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Wallerian degeneration (WD) is an inflammatory process of nerve degeneration, which occurs more rapidly in the peripheral nervous system compared with the central nervous system, resulting, respectively in successful and aborted axon regeneration. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells (SCs) and macrophages, under the control of a network of cytokines and chemokines, represent the main cell types involved in this process. Within this network, the role of placental growth factor (PlGF) remains totally unknown. However, properties like monocyte activation/attraction, ability to increase expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, as well as neuroprotective effects, make it a candidate likely implicated in this process. Also, nothing is described about the expression and localization of this molecule in the peripheral nervous system. To address these original questions, we decided to study PlGF expression under physiological and degenerative conditions and to explore its role in WD, using a model of sciatic nerve transection in wild-type and Pgf(-/-) mice. Our data show dynamic changes of PlGF expression, from periaxonal in normal nerve to SCs 24h postinjury, in parallel with a p65/NF-κB recruitment on Pgf promoter. After injury, SC proliferation is reduced by 30% in absence of PlGF. Macrophage invasion is significantly delayed in Pgf(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice, which results in worse functional recovery. MCP-1 and proMMP-9 exhibit a 3-fold reduction of their relative expressions in Pgf(-/-) injured nerves, as demonstrated by cytokine array. In conclusion, this work originally describes PlGF as a novel member of the cytokine network of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chaballe
- GIGA Neurosciences, Axonal Regeneration and Cephalic Pain unit, University of Liege, Avenue de l'Hopital, Liege, Belgium
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Placental growth factor as short-term predicting biomarker in acute coronary syndrome patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. South Med J 2010; 103:982-7. [PMID: 20818309 DOI: 10.1097/smj.0b013e3181eda4ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relevance of placental growth factor was analyzed at the admission of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) without ST elevation in prognosis of fatal outcome after 30 days. METHODS We collected blood samples from 102 ACS patients admitted to the coronary unit with acute chest pain manifesting within the last 12 hours. RESULTS In all 102 admitted patients, higher values of placental growth factor (PLGF; >13.2 ng/L, average value) indicated a higher risk of fatal outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21- 4.76, P = 0.0125). PLGF is an important independent prognostic marker (adjusted HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.98-4.61, P = 0.1338), and this was shown in a multiparameter model, which involved other statistically important markers of relative risk (age >65, gender, and estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]). CONCLUSION PLGF levels measured at 12 hours of symptom onset and 30 days later may independently predict fatal outcome in patients with ACS without ST elevation.
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Rodero MP, Khosrotehrani K. Skin wound healing modulation by macrophages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2010; 3:643-653. [PMID: 20830235 PMCID: PMC2933384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound healing is a multi stage phenomenon that requires the activation, recruitment or activity of numerous cell types as keratinocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblast and inflammatory cells. Among the latter, macrophages appear to be central to this process. They colonize the wound at its very early stage and in addition to their protective immune role seem to organize the activity of other cell types at the following stages of the healing. Their benefit to this process is however controversial, as macrophages are described to promote the speed of healing but may also favour the fibrosis resulting from it in scars. Moreover wound healing defects are associated with abnormalities in the inflammatory phase. In this review, we summarise our knowledge on what are the Wound Associated Macrophages, and how they interact with the other cell types to control the reepithelisation, angiogenesis and the extracellular matrix remodelling. We believe this knowledge may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention on skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu P Rodero
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Experimental Dermatology Group, Brisbane, Australia
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Raychaudhuri SP, Raychaudhuri SK. Biologics: target-specific treatment of systemic and cutaneous autoimmune diseases. Indian J Dermatol 2010; 54:100-9. [PMID: 20101303 PMCID: PMC2807147 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.53175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biologics are becoming important in the treatment of systemic and cutaneous autoimmune diseases. They are designed to target specific components of immune system. As the new drugs are capable of targeting proteins in a more specific fashion, yet have lower risks of systemic side-effects, they have considerable advantages over the older immunomodulators. The development of TNF-alpha blockers in the treatment of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis have been major breakthroughs. Likewise, B-cell depletion has proved to be equally revolutionary for the treatment of lupus, pemphigus, certain vasculitides etc. But all said and done, the development of these molecules and their clinical usage are still at evolving stages. Consensus needs be formed to further categorize the clinical profiles of the patients in whom biologics are to be used in the future, given that the long-term safety profiles of these agents are very much unknown at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siba P Raychaudhuri
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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