1
|
Yared N, Papadopoulou M, Barennes P, Pham HP, Quiniou V, Netzer S, Kaminski H, Burguet L, Demeste A, Colas P, Mora-Charrot L, Rousseau B, Izotte J, Zouine A, Gauthereau X, Vermijlen D, Déchanet-Merville J, Capone M. Long-lived central memory γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus reinfection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1010785. [PMID: 38976755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of ©δ TCR-bearing lymphocytes in immunological memory has gained increasing interest due to their functional duality between adaptive and innate immunity. ©δ T effector memory (TEM) and central memory (TCM) subsets have been identified, but their respective roles in memory responses are poorly understood. In the present study, we used subsequent mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections of αβ T cell deficient mice in order to analyze the memory potential of ©δ T cells. As for CMV-specific αβ T cells, MCMV induced the accumulation of cytolytic, KLRG1+CX3CR1+ ©δ TEM that principally localized in infected organ vasculature. Typifying T cell memory, ©δ T cell expansion in organs and blood was higher after secondary viral challenge than after primary infection. Viral control upon MCMV reinfection was prevented when masking ©δ T-cell receptor, and was associated with a preferential amplification of private and unfocused TCR δ chain repertoire composed of a combination of clonotypes expanded post-primary infection and, more unexpectedly, of novel expanded clonotypes. Finally, long-term-primed ©δ TCM cells, but not ©δ TEM cells, protected T cell-deficient hosts against MCMV-induced death upon adoptive transfer, probably through their ability to survive and to generate TEM in the recipient host. This better survival potential of TCM cells was confirmed by a detailed scRNASeq analysis of the two ©δ T cell memory subsets which also revealed their similarity to classically adaptive αβ CD8 T cells. Overall, our study uncovered memory properties of long-lived TCM ©δ T cells that confer protection in a chronic infection, highlighting the interest of this T cell subset in vaccination approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Yared
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Papadopoulou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Netzer
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanna Kaminski
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Burguet
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Demeste
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pacôme Colas
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lea Mora-Charrot
- Bordeaux University, Service Commun des Animaleries, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benoit Rousseau
- Bordeaux University, Service Commun des Animaleries, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Izotte
- Bordeaux University, Service Commun des Animaleries, Bordeaux, France
| | - Atika Zouine
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, FACSility, TBM Core, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Gauthereau
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, OneCell, RT-PCR and Single Cell Libraries, TBM Core, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO department, Walloon ExceLlence Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| | - Myriam Capone
- Bordeaux University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ImmunoConcEpt, UMR 5164, ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpt, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gela A, Murphy M, Rodo M, Hadley K, Hanekom WA, Boom W, Johnson JL, Hoft DF, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff TH, Suliman S, Moody D, Lewinsohn DM, Hatherill M, Seshadri C, Nemes E, Scriba TJ, Briel L, Veldtsman H, Khomba N, Pienaar B, Africa H, Steyn M. Effects of BCG vaccination on donor unrestricted T cells in two prospective cohort studies. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103839. [PMID: 35149285 PMCID: PMC8842032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-protein antigen classes can be presented to T cells by near-monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules such as CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin 3A1. Such T cells, referred to as donor unrestricted T (DURT) cells, typically express stereotypic T cell receptors. The near-unrestricted nature of DURT cell antigen recognition is of particular interest for vaccine development, and we sought to define the roles of DURT cells, including MR1-restricted MAIT cells, CD1b-restricted glucose monomycolate (GMM)-specific T cells, CD1d-restricted NKT cells, and γδ T cells, in vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS We compared and characterized DURT cells following primary bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated infants, as well as before and after BCG-revaccination in adults. FINDINGS BCG (re)vaccination did not modulate peripheral blood frequencies, T cell activation or memory profiles of MAIT cells, CD1b-restricted GMM-specific and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) cells or CD1d-restricted NKT cells. By contrast, primary BCG vaccination was associated with increased frequencies of γδ T cells as well as a novel subset of CD26+CD161+TRAV1-2- IFN-γ-expressing CD4+ T cells in infants. INTERPRETATION Our findings, that most DURT cell populations were not modulated by BCG, do not preclude a role of BCG in modulating other qualitative aspects of DURT cells. More studies are required to understand the full potential of DURT cells in new TB vaccine strategies. FUNDING Aeras, the National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melissa Murphy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel Rodo
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Hadley
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - W.Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John L. Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Suliman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D.Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
| | - Libby Briel
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hellen Veldtsman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nondumiso Khomba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bernadette Pienaar
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hadn Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcia Steyn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Comeau K, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Human and murine memory γδ T cells: Evidence for acquired immune memory in bacterial and viral infections and autoimmunity. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104217. [PMID: 32979762 PMCID: PMC9533841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are unconventional lymphocytes that could play a role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. Upon initial exposure to an antigen, some activated T cells become memory T cells that could be reactivated upon secondary immune challenge. Recently, subsets of γδ T cells with a restricted antigen repertoire and long-term persistence have been observed after clearance of viral and bacterial infections. These γδ T cells possess the hallmark ability of memory T cells to respond more strongly and proliferate to a higher extent upon secondary infection. Murine and primate models of Listeria monocytogenes and cytomegalovirus infection display these memory hallmarks and demonstrate γδ T cell memory responses. In addition, human and non-human primate infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as non-human primate infection with monkeypox and studies on patients suffering from autoimmune disease (rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis) reveal memory-like responses corresponding with disease. Murine models of psoriatic disease (imiquimod) and parasite infections (malaria) exhibited shifts to memory phenotypes with repeated immune challenge. These studies provide strong support for the formation of immune memory in γδ T cells, and memory γδ T cells may have a widespread role in protective immunity and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Comeau
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Pierre Paradis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis YrbE3A Promotes Host Innate Immune Response by Targeting NF-κB/JNK Signaling. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040584. [PMID: 32316659 PMCID: PMC7232258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered a successful pathogen with multiple strategies to undermine host immunity. The YrbE3A is encoded by Rv1964 within the RD15 region present in the genome of Mtb, but missing in M. bovis, M. bovis BCG (Pasteur) strain, and M. smegmatis (Ms). However, little is known about its function. In this study, the YrbE3A gene was cloned into pMV261 and expressed in Ms and BCG, while the strains with the vector served as the controls. The YrbE3A was expressed on the mycobacterial membrane, and the purified protein could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce IL-6. Furthermore, the effect of the recombinant strains on cytokine secretion by RAW264.7 was confirmed, which varied with the host strains. Ms_YrbE3A increased significantly higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 than did Ms_vec, while BCG_YrbE3A enhanced higher TNF-α than BCG_vec. The pathways associated with NF-κB p65 and MAPK p38/JNK, other than Erk1/2, regulated this process. In addition, mice were infected with Ms_YrbE3A and Ms-vec and were kinetically examined. Compared to Ms-vec, Ms_YrbE3A induced more serious inflammatory damage, higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6, higher numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes in a time-dependent way, but lower lung bacterial load in lung. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of Mtb pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), which has evolved a wide variety of strategies in order to thrive within its host. Understanding the complex interactions between M. tuberculosis and host immunity can inform the rational design of better TB vaccines and therapeutics. This chapter covers innate and adaptive immunity against M. tuberculosis infection, including insights on bacterial immune evasion and subversion garnered from animal models of infection and human studies. In addition, this chapter discusses the immunology of the TB granuloma, TB diagnostics, and TB comorbidities. Finally, this chapter provides a broad overview of the current TB vaccine pipeline.
Collapse
|
6
|
Joosten SA, Ottenhoff TH, Lewinsohn DM, Hoft DF, Moody DB, Seshadri C. Harnessing donor unrestricted T-cells for new vaccines against tuberculosis. Vaccine 2019; 37:3022-3030. [PMID: 31040086 PMCID: PMC6525272 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prevents extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and death among infants but fails to consistently and sufficiently prevent pulmonary TB in adults. Thus, TB remains the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, and new vaccine approaches are urgently needed. T-cells are important for protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but the optimal T-cell antigens to be included in new vaccines are not established. T-cells are often thought of as responding mainly to peptide antigens presented by polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II molecules. Over the past two decades, the number of non-peptidic Mtb derived antigens for αβ and γδ T-cells has expanded rapidly, creating broader perspectives about the types of molecules that could be targeted by T-cell-based vaccines against TB. Many of these non-peptide responsive T-cell subsets in humans are activated in a manner that is unrestricted by classical MHC-dependent antigen-presenting systems, but instead require essentially nonpolymorphic presentation systems. These systems are Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1), MHC related protein 1 (MR1), butyrophilin 3A1, as well as the nonclassical MHC class Ib family member HLA-E. Thus, the resulting T-cell responses can be shared among a genetically diverse population, creating the concept of donor-unrestricted T-cells (DURTs). Here, we review evidence that DURTs are an abundant component of the human immune system and recognize many antigens expressed by Mtb, including antigens that are expressed in BCG and other candidate whole cell vaccines. Further, DURTs exhibit functional diversity and demonstrate the ability to control microbial infection in small animal models. Finally, we outline specific knowledge gaps and research priorities that must be addressed to realize the full potential of DURTs as part of new TB vaccines approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Doisy Research Center, 8th floor, 1100 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, USA,Tuberculosis Research & Training Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA,Corresponding author at: University of Washington Medical Center, 750 Republican Street, Room E663, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang J, Jones MS, Ramos RI, Chan AA, Lee AF, Foshag LJ, Sieling PA, Faries MB, Lee DJ. Insights into Local Tumor Microenvironment Immune Factors Associated with Regression of Cutaneous Melanoma Metastases by Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin. Front Oncol 2017; 7:61. [PMID: 28424760 PMCID: PMC5380679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is listed as an intralesional (IL) therapeutic option for inoperable stage III in-transit melanoma in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. Although the mechanism is unknown, others have reported up to 50% regression of injected lesions, and 17% regression of uninjected lesions in immunocompetent patients after direct injection of BCG into metastatic melanoma lesions in the skin. BCG and other mycobacteria express ligands capable of stimulating the γ9δ2 T cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that γ9δ2 T cells play a role in promoting BCG-mediated antitumor immunity in patients treated with IL-BCG for in-transit cutaneous melanoma metastases. Indeed, we found γ9δ2 T cell infiltration in melanoma skin lesions during the course of IL-BCG treatment. Gene expression analysis revealed that BCG injection elicits the expression of a vast array of chemokines in tumor lesions, including strong expression of CXCL9, 10, and 11, a set of chemokines that attract T cells expressing the CXCR3 chemokine receptor. In corroboration with our hypothesis, approximately 85% of γδ T cells express high levels of CXCR3 on their surface. Importantly, the injected tumor lesions also express genes whose protein products are the antigenic ligands for γδ T cells (BTN3A1 and MICB), and the cytokines that are the typical products of activated γδ T cells. Interestingly, we also found that γδ T cells infiltrate the regressed lesions that did not receive BCG injections. Our study suggests that γ9δ2 T cells may contribute to melanoma regression induced by IL-BCG treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Yang
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Maris S Jones
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Romela Irene Ramos
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Alfred A Chan
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Agnes F Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Leland J Foshag
- Melanoma Research Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Peter A Sieling
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Translational Immunology, NantBioscience, Inc., Culver City, CA, USA
| | - Mark B Faries
- Melanoma Research Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Verreck FAW, Tchilian EZ, Vervenne RAW, Sombroek CC, Kondova I, Eissen OA, Sommandas V, van der Werff NM, Verschoor E, Braskamp G, Bakker J, Langermans JAM, Heidt PJ, Ottenhoff THM, van Kralingen KW, Thomas AW, Beverley PCL, Kocken CHM. Variable BCG efficacy in rhesus populations: Pulmonary BCG provides protection where standard intra-dermal vaccination fails. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017; 104:46-57. [PMID: 28454649 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
M.bovis BCG vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) notoriously displays variable protective efficacy in different human populations. In non-human primate studies using rhesus macaques, despite efforts to standardise the model, we have also observed variable efficacy of BCG upon subsequent experimental M. tuberculosis challenge. In the present head-to-head study, we establish that the protective efficacy of standard parenteral BCG immunisation varies among different rhesus cohorts. This provides different dynamic ranges for evaluation of investigational vaccines, opportunities for identifying possible correlates of protective immunity and for determining why parenteral BCG immunisation sometimes fails. We also show that pulmonary mucosal BCG vaccination confers reduced local pathology and improves haematological and immunological parameters post-infection in animals that are not responsive to induction of protection by standard intra-dermal BCG. These results have important implications for pulmonary TB vaccination strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank A W Verreck
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Elma Z Tchilian
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
| | - Richard A W Vervenne
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia C Sombroek
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Okke A Eissen
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Sommandas
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M van der Werff
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst Verschoor
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco Braskamp
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A M Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Heidt
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333-ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas W van Kralingen
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2333-ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan W Thomas
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C L Beverley
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
| | - Clemens H M Kocken
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288-GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Søndergaard JN, Laursen JM, Rosholm LB, Brix S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes Th17 expansion via regulation of human dendritic cells toward a high CD14 and low IL-12p70 phenotype that reprograms upon exogenous IFN-γ. Int Immunol 2014; 26:705-16. [PMID: 25223368 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to develop protective immunity against mycobacteria is heterogeneously distributed among human beings, and it is currently unknown why the initial immune response induced against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) does not provide proper clearance of this pathogen. Dendritic cells (DCs) are some of the first cells to interact with Mtb and they play an essential role in development of protective immunity against Mtb. Given that Mtb-infected macrophages have difficulties in degrading Mtb, they need help from IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells propagated via IL-12p70-producing DCs. Here we report that Mtb modifies human DC plasticity by expanding a CD14+ DC subset with weak IL-12p70-producing capacity. The CD14+ Mtb-promoted subset was furthermore poor inducers of IFN-γ by naive CD4+ T cells, but instead prompted IL-17A-producing RORγT+ CD4+ T cells. Mtb-derived peptidoglycan and mannosylated lipoarabinomannan partly recapitulated the subset partition induced by Mtb. Addition of IFN-γ, but neither IL-17A nor IL-22, which are potentially produced by Mtb-exposed γ/δ-T cells in mucosal linings, inhibited the differentiation toward CD14+ DCs and promoted high-level IL-12p70 in Mtb-challenged DCs. We conclude that Mtb exploits DC plasticity to reduce production of IL-12p70, and that this process is entirely divertible by exogenous IFN-γ. These data suggest that strategies to increase local IFN-γ production in the lungs of tuberculosis patients may boost host immunity toward Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nørskov Søndergaard
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark Present address: Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne Marie Laursen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Buus Rosholm
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Role for Gr-1+ cells in the control of high-dose Mycobacterium bovis recombinant BCG. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2014; 21:1120-7. [PMID: 24920602 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00363-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attractive target for development as a live vaccine vector delivering transgenic antigens from HIV and other pathogens. Most studies aimed at defining the clearance of BCG have been performed at doses between 10(2) and 10(4) CFU. Interestingly, however, recombinant BCG (rBCG) administered at doses of >10(6) CFU effectively generates antigen-specific T-cell responses and primes for heterologous boost responses. Thus, defining clearance at high doses might aid in the optimization of rBCG as a vector. In this study, we used bioluminescence imaging to examine the kinetics of rBCG transgene expression and clearance in mice immunized with 5 × 10(7) CFU rBCG expressing luciferase. Similar to studies using low-dose rBCG, our results demonstrate that the adaptive immune response is necessary for long-term control of rBCG beginning 9 days after immunizing mice. However, in contrast to these reports, we observed that the majority of mycobacterial antigen was eliminated prior to day 9. By examining knockout and antibody-mediated depletion mouse models, we demonstrate that the rapid clearance of rBCG occurs in the first 24 h and is mediated by Gr-1(+) cells. As Gr-1(+) granulocytes have been described as having no impact on BCG clearance at low doses, our results reveal an unappreciated role for Gr-1(+) neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes in the clearance of high-dose rBCG. This work demonstrates the potential of applying bioluminescence imaging to rBCG in order to gain an understanding of the immune response and increase the efficacy of rBCG as a vaccine vector.
Collapse
|
11
|
Beverley PCL, Sridhar S, Lalvani A, Tchilian EZ. Harnessing local and systemic immunity for vaccines against tuberculosis. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:20-6. [PMID: 24253104 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lung is the portal of entry for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and animal experimental evidence indicates that local immune defense mechanisms are crucial for protective immunity. Immunization via the lower respiratory tract efficiently induces a dividing, activated, antigen-dependent, lung-resident, memory T-cell population, which is partly recoverable by bronchoalveolar lavage. These cells can inhibit the growth of Mtb in the lungs immediately after infection. Delivery of appropriate signals to the lung innate immune system is critical for induction of effective local immunity. In contrast after parenteral immunization, antigen-specific cells may be found in lung tissue but few are recoverable by lavage and inhibition of mycobacterial growth is delayed. Harnessing both local and systemic immunity can provide highly effective protection in animal models and the evidence suggests that taken in aggregate, multiple animal models may predict the success of novel vaccine strategies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C L Beverley
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Sridhar
- TB Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - A Lalvani
- TB Research Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Z Tchilian
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Role of gamma-delta T-cells in cancer: another opening door to immunotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 14:891-5. [PMID: 23054752 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The gamma-delta (γδ) T-cells are a subset of T-lymphocytes characterized by the presence of a surface antigen recognition complex type 2. Those γδ T-cells represent 2-5 % of peripheral T-cells only, but they are common in organs and mucosae, acting as a first defense system in the entries to the organism. The γδ T-cells take part on immune response by direct cytolysis, development of memory phenotypes, and modulation of immune cells, and they have been implied in autoimmune disorders, immune deficiencies, infections, and tumor diseases. We reported the role of γδ T-cells in oncology, focusing in their potential applications for cancer treatment. Experimental designs and clinical trials in the treatment of solid malignancies are extensively reviewed.
Collapse
|
13
|
ELISPOT Refinement Using Spot Morphology for Assessing Host Responses to Tuberculosis. Cells 2012; 1:5-14. [PMID: 24710359 PMCID: PMC3972643 DOI: 10.3390/cells1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a global health problem. The Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine has variable efficacy (0-80%) so there is a drive to develop novel vaccines. The cytokine, interferon gamma (IFNγ), is an essential component of the protective response to M. tuberculosis (M. tb) infection and is also produced in response to BCG vaccination. Induction of an IFNγ response is used as a biomarker of successful vaccination in the assessment of new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. The IFNγ ELISPOT assay provides an important tool for TB research. It is used for both the diagnosis of infection (T.Spot assay), and for the evaluation of the immunogenicity of new TB vaccine candidates in human clinical trials, in the non-human primate (NHP) model of TB infection studies. The ELISPOT assay captures IFNγ produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following specific stimulation, onto a membrane so individual cells can be enumerated and the frequency of responding cells determined. Hence spot forming units (SFU) per 106 cells provide the traditional measure for ELISPOT assays. The discriminatory power of SFU is limited. In some situations, the number of SFU in BCG vaccinated, and unvaccinated, subjects was found to be similar, although the spots were observed to be larger in vaccinated subjects. Spot size potentially provides a measure of the quantity of cytokine produced by individual cells. The AID ELISPOT plate reader software used to determine frequency of spots also has the capability to determine the size of each spot. Consideration of spot size in combination with spot forming units was investigated in our studies of BCG immunogenicity. This additional readout was found to enhance the discriminatory power of the ELISPOT assay, and provide more information on the immune response to BCG vaccination and infection with M.tb.
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang D, Chen CY, Zhang M, Qiu L, Shen Y, Du G, Zhou K, Wang R, Chen ZW. Clonal immune responses of Mycobacterium-specific γδ T cells in tuberculous and non-tuberculous tissues during M. tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30631. [PMID: 22319574 PMCID: PMC3271047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that unvaccinated macaques infected with large-dose M.tuberculosis(Mtb) exhibited delays for pulmonary trafficking of Ag-specific αβ and γδ T effector cells, and developed severe lung tuberculosis(TB) and "secondary" Mtb infection in remote organs such as liver and kidney. Despite delays in lungs, local immunity in remote organs may accumulate since progressive immune activation after pulmonary Mtb infection may allow IFNγ-producing γδ T cells to adequately develop and traffic to lately-infected remote organs. As initial efforts to test this hypothesis, we comparatively examined TCR repertoire/clonality, tissue trafficking and effector function of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in lung with severe TB and in liver/kidney without apparent TB. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We utilized conventional infection-immunity approaches in macaque TB model, and employed our decades-long expertise for TCR repertoire analyses. TCR repertoires in Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell subpopulation were broad during primary Mtb infection as most TCR clones found in lymphoid system, lung, kidney and liver were distinct. Polyclonally-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T-cell clones from lymphoid tissues appeared to distribute and localize in lung TB granuloms at the endpoint after Mtb infection by aerosol. Interestingly, some TCR clones appeared to be more predominant than others in lymphocytes from liver or kidney without apparent TB lesions. TCR CDR3 spetratyping revealed such clonal dominance, and the clonal dominance of expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in kidney/liver tissues was associated with undetectable or low-level TB burdens. Furthermore, Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from tissue compartments could mount effector function for producing anti-mycobacterium cytokine. CONCLUSION We were the first to demonstrate clonal immune responses of mycobacterium-specific Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in the lymphoid system, heavily-infected lungs and lately subtly-infected kidneys or livers during primary Mtb infection. While clonally-expanded Vγ2Vδ2 T cells accumulated in lately-infected kidneys/livers without apparent TB lesions, TB burdens or lesions appeared to impact TCR repertoires and tissue trafficking patterns of activated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Meihong Zhang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Activity Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Liyou Qiu
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - George Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Keyuan Zhou
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Activity Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
γδ T cells cross-link innate and adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2011:587315. [PMID: 21253470 PMCID: PMC3022180 DOI: 10.1155/2011/587315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protective immunity against mycobacterial infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is mediated by interactions between specific T cells and activated antigen presenting cells. To date, many aspects of mycobacterial immunity have shown that innate cells could be the key elements that substantially may influence the subsequent adaptive host response. During the early phases of infection, innate lymphocyte subsets play a pivotal role in this context. Here we summarize the findings of recent investigations on γδ T lymphocytes and their role in tuberculosis immunity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Du G, Chen CY, Shen Y, Qiu L, Huang D, Wang R, Chen ZW. TCR repertoire, clonal dominance, and pulmonary trafficking of mycobacterium-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells in immunity against tuberculosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:3940-7. [PMID: 20805423 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clonal responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) or CD8(+) T effector cells producing antituberculosis cytokine IFN-γ in the context of immune protection against tuberculosis remain poorly characterized in humans. Utilizing decade-long TCR expertise, we previously developed a useful method to isolate clonotypic TCR sequences from Ag-specific IFN-γ-producing T cells and to specifically measure clonotypic TCR frequencies in the T cell pool. In this study, we investigated TCR Vβ repertoires/CDR3 usage, clonal expansion or dominance, and pulmonary trafficking or accumulation for purified protein deritative (PPD)-specific T effector cells producing IFN-γ during bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and subsequent M. tuberculosis challenge of macaques. We found that while PPD-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T effector clones employed diverse TCR Vβ repertoires, 30-33% of IFN-γ(+)CD4(+) T cell clones from three M. tuberculosis-infected macaques expressed TCR bearing a conserved residue leucine in CDR3. Many Ag-specific IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) and few CD8(+) T effector cells emerged as dominant clones during mycobacterial infections and underwent major recall expansion after pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection of BCG-vaccinated macaques. PPD-specific T cell clones readily trafficked to the airway or lung after BCG vaccination or M. tuberculosis infection, and some of them continuously accumulated in lungs during M. tuberculosis infection even after they became undetectable in the circulation. Importantly, remarkable recall expansion and pulmonary accumulation of T effector cells coincided with BCG-induced protection against tuberculosis. Thus, rapid clonal expansion and pulmonary accumulation of Ag-specific T effector cells appear to be one of the immune mechanisms underlying immunity against tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Larsen MH, Biermann K, Chen B, Hsu T, Sambandamurthy VK, Lackner AA, Aye PP, Didier P, Huang D, Shao L, Wei H, Letvin NL, Frothingham R, Haynes BF, Chen ZW, Jacobs WR. Efficacy and safety of live attenuated persistent and rapidly cleared Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidates in non-human primates. Vaccine 2009; 27:4709-17. [PMID: 19500524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health burden for which safe vaccines are needed. BCG has limitations as a TB vaccine so we have focused on live attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutants as vaccine candidates. Prior to human studies, however, it is necessary to demonstrate safety in non-human primates (NHP). In this study, we evaluate the safety and efficacy of two live attenuated M. tuberculosis double deletion vaccine strains mc(2)6020 (DeltalysA DeltapanCD) and mc(2)6030 (DeltaRD1 DeltapanCD) in cynomolgus macaques. In murine models, mc(2)6020 is rapidly cleared while mc(2)6030 persists. Both mc(2)6020 and mc(2)6030 were safe and well tolerated in cynomolgus macaques. Following a high-dose intrabronchial challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis, mc(2)6020-vaccinates were afforded a level of protection intermediate between that elicited by BCG vaccination and no vaccination. BCG vaccinates had reduced tuberculosis-associated pathology and improved clinical scores as compared to saline and mc(2)6030 vaccinates, but survival did not differ among the groups.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen CY, Huang D, Wang RC, Shen L, Zeng G, Yao S, Shen Y, Halliday L, Fortman J, McAllister M, Estep J, Hunt R, Vasconcelos D, Du G, Porcelli SA, Larsen MH, Jacobs WR, Haynes BF, Letvin NL, Chen ZW. A critical role for CD8 T cells in a nonhuman primate model of tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2009; 5:e1000392. [PMID: 19381260 PMCID: PMC2663842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of CD8 T cells in anti-tuberculosis immunity in humans remains unknown, and studies of CD8 T cell–mediated protection against tuberculosis in mice have yielded controversial results. Unlike mice, humans and nonhuman primates share a number of important features of the immune system that relate directly to the specificity and functions of CD8 T cells, such as the expression of group 1 CD1 proteins that are capable of presenting Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipids antigens and the cytotoxic/bactericidal protein granulysin. Employing a more relevant nonhuman primate model of human tuberculosis, we examined the contribution of BCG- or M. tuberculosis-elicited CD8 T cells to vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis. CD8 depletion compromised BCG vaccine-induced immune control of M. tuberculosis replication in the vaccinated rhesus macaques. Depletion of CD8 T cells in BCG-vaccinated rhesus macaques led to a significant decrease in the vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis. Consistently, depletion of CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques that had been previously infected with M. tuberculosis and cured by antibiotic therapy also resulted in a loss of anti-tuberculosis immunity upon M. tuberculosis re-infection. The current study demonstrates a major role for CD8 T cells in anti-tuberculosis immunity, and supports the view that CD8 T cells should be included in strategies for development of new tuberculosis vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria remain top killers worldwide. Cell-mediated immune responses play a crucial role in immunity against tuberculosis. While CD4 T cells are well described for their protection against tuberculosis, little is known about the role of human CD8 T cells in anti-tuberculosis immunity. Studies done to date in mice have yielded conflicting results regarding the role of mouse CD8 T cells in tuberculosis. Since there are considerable differences in CD8 T cell biology between mice and primates including humans and macaques, studies in humans or macaques are crucial for clarifying human CD8 T cell–mediated immunity against tuberculosis. Thus, we used a macaque tuberculosis model to examine the contribution of CD8 T cells to vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis. We found that CD8 T cells play a role in BCG vaccine-induced immune control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication and in the vaccine-induced immunity against tuberculosis. Consistently, memory CD8 T cells also play a crucial role in anti-tuberculosis immunity upon M. tuberculosis re-infection. The findings in the current study provide evidence that human CD8 T cells are of importance for anti-tuberculosis immunity, and support the view that CD8 T cells should be targeted for development of new tuberculosis vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ling Shen
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Shuyun Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa Halliday
- BRL, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeff Fortman
- BRL, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Milton McAllister
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jim Estep
- Battelle Medical Research Evaluation Facility, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert Hunt
- Battelle Medical Research Evaluation Facility, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daphne Vasconcelos
- Battelle Medical Research Evaluation Facility, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - George Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle H. Larsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Norman L. Letvin
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Phosphoantigen-activated V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells antagonize IL-2-induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in mycobacterial infection. Blood 2008; 113:837-45. [PMID: 18981295 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-06-162792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) are well documented for their ability to suppress various immune cells, T-cell subsets capable of counteracting Tregs have not been demonstrated. Here, we assessed phosphoantigen-activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells for the ability to interplay with Tregs in the context of mycobacterial infection. A short-term IL-2 treatment regimen induced marked expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and subsequent suppression of mycobacterium-driven increases in numbers of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells. Surprisingly, activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells by adding phosphoantigen Picostim to the IL-2 treatment regimen down-regulated IL-2-induced expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. Consistently, in vitro activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells by phosphoantigen plus IL-2 down-regulated IL-2-induced expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells. Interestingly, anti-IFN-gamma-neutralizing antibody, not anti-TGF-beta or anti-IL-4, reduced the ability of activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to down-regulate Tregs, suggesting that autocrine IFN-gamma and its network contributed to Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells' antagonizing effects. Furthermore, activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells by Picostim plus IL-2 treatment appeared to reverse Treg-driven suppression of immune responses of phosphoantigen-specific IFNgamma(+) or perforin(+) Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells and PPD-specific IFNgamma(+)alphabeta T cells. Thus, phos-phoantigen activation of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells antagonizes IL-2-induced expansion of Tregs and subsequent suppression of Ag-specific antimicrobial T-cell responses in mycobacterial infection.
Collapse
|
20
|
Caccamo N, Meraviglia S, Scarpa F, Mendola CL, Santini D, Bonanno CT, Misiano G, Dieli F, Salerno A. Aminobisphosphonate-activated γδ T cells in immunotherapy of cancer: doubts no more. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:875-83. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.7.875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
21
|
Immune distribution and localization of phosphoantigen-specific Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Infect Immun 2007; 76:426-36. [PMID: 17923514 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01008-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the immune distribution and localization of antigen-specific T cells in mucosal interfaces of tissues/organs during infection of humans. In this study, we made use of a macaque model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to assess phosphoantigen-specific Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells regarding their tissue distribution, anatomical localization, and correlation with the presence or absence of tuberculosis (TB) lesions in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs/tissues in the progression of severe pulmonary TB. Progression of pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection generated diverse distribution patterns of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells, with remarkable accumulation of these cells in lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, spleens, and remote nonlymphoid organs but not in blood. Increased numbers of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells in tissues were associated with M. tuberculosis infection but were independent of the severity of TB lesions. In lungs with apparent TB lesions, Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells were present within TB granulomas. In extrathoracic organs, Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells were localized in the interstitial compartment of nonlymphoid tissues, and the interstitial localization was present despite the absence of detectable TB lesions. Finally, Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells accumulated in tissues appeared to possess cytokine production function, since granzyme B was detectable in the gammadelta T cells present within granulomas. Thus, clonally expanded Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells appeared to undergo trans-endothelial migration, interstitial localization, and granuloma infiltration as immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
|
22
|
Morita CT, Jin C, Sarikonda G, Wang H. Nonpeptide antigens, presentation mechanisms, and immunological memory of human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells: discriminating friend from foe through the recognition of prenyl pyrophosphate antigens. Immunol Rev 2007; 215:59-76. [PMID: 17291279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2006.00479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells play important roles in mediating immunity against microbial pathogens and have potent anti-tumor activity. Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells recognize the pyrophosphorylated isoprenoid intermediates (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), an intermediate in the foreign 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, and isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), an intermediate in the self-mevalonate pathway. Infection with bacteria and protozoa using the MEP pathway leads to the rapid expansion of Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to very high numbers through preferential recognition of HMBPP. Activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, kill infected cells, secrete growth factors for epithelial cells, and present antigens to alphabeta T cells. Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells can also recognize high levels of IPP in certain tumors and in cells treated with pharmacological agents, such as bisphosphonates and alkylamines, that block farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Activated Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells are able to kill most tumor cells because of recognition by T-cell receptor and natural killer receptors. The ubiquitous nature of the antigens converts essentially all Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to memory cells at an early age. Thus, primary infections with HMBPP-producing bacteria are perceived by Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells as a repeat infection. Extensive efforts are underway to harness these cells to treat a variety of cancers and to provide microbial immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Morita
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang D, Qiu L, Wang R, Lai X, Du G, Seghal P, Shen Y, Shao L, Halliday L, Fortman J, Shen L, Letvin NL, Chen ZW. Immune gene networks of mycobacterial vaccine-elicited cellular responses and immunity. J Infect Dis 2006; 195:55-69. [PMID: 17152009 PMCID: PMC2885892 DOI: 10.1086/509895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene networks of protective lymphocytes after immune activation with live attenuated vaccines remain poorly characterized. Because Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can confer protection against fatal forms of tuberculosis in humans and monkeys, we made use of macaque models to optimally study immune gene networks after BCG vaccination/infection. We first established and validated a large-scale real-time quantitation system and then used it to measure expression levels of 138 immune genes after BCG vaccination/infection of rhesus macaques. Systemic BCG vaccination induced up to 600-fold increases in expression of 78 immune genes among the 138 genes tested at the time when BCG-elicited T cell responses and immunity were apparent. These up-regulated transcripts constituted multiple gene networks that were linked to various aspects of immune function. Surprisingly, the up-regulation of most of these immune genes in the gene networks occurred at 1 week and was sustained at > or = 6 weeks after BCG vaccination/infection. Although early activation of immune gene networks was an immune correlate of anti-BCG immunity, prolonged up-regulation of these networks coincided with the development of vaccine-elicited T cell responses after BCG vaccination/infection. These findings provide molecular evidence suggesting that the BCG-induced gene networks may represent global transcriptomes and proteomes underlying the development of T cell responses and, ultimately, immunity to mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Liyou Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Xioamin Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - George Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | | | - Yun Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Lisa Halliday
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Jeff Fortman
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Ling Shen
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Norman L. Letvin
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Taştan Y, Arvas A, Demir G, Alikaşifoğlu M, Gür E, Kiray E. Influence of Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin vaccination at birth and 2 months old age on the peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations [gamma/delta and alpha-beta T cell]. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:624-9. [PMID: 16343082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal immune system is immature and may be affected by Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) vaccine. We investigated the influence of BCG given at two different ages on the peripheral blood (PB) T-cell subpopulations. Forty full term healthy newborns were randomly chosen. Twenty of them were vaccinated with BCG at birth (group I) and the remaining at the age of 2 months (group II). The cell analysis were carried out before (pre-BCGI and pre-BCGII), and 2 months after (post-BCGI and post-BCGII) the vaccination. The analysis of the gamma/delta and alpha/beta T-cell receptor (TCR) antigens was done by two-colour flowcytometer. The purified protein derivative (PPD) response was investigated 2 months after vaccination. The results showed that although T-cell (TCR+ cell) counts showed no difference in PB before and after vaccination in both study groups, the total lymphocyte and non-T cell (TCR- cell) populations increased significantly whereas alphabetaT-cell population significantly decreased after vaccination. On the contrary, gammadeltaT-cell counts in PB increased significantly 2 months after vaccination in group I but not in group II. Total lymphocyte and non-T cell counts in vaccinated infants at 2 months of age (post-BCGI) were significantly higher than in unvaccinated infants of the same age whereas alphabetaT-cell count in vaccinated infants was significantly low. However, total T-cell and gammadeltaT-cell counts showed no difference. PPD positivity was similar in both study groups (61% in group I, 66% in group II). Neither alphabetaT- nor gammadeltaT-cell counts were different in PPD positive and PPD negative infants. Our study shows that BCG causes marked quantitative changes in the PB T-cell subpopulations in young infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Taştan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen ZW. Immune regulation of gammadelta T cell responses in mycobacterial infections. Clin Immunol 2005; 116:202-7. [PMID: 16087145 PMCID: PMC2869281 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific gammadelta T cells may play a role in anti-mycobacterial immunity. Studies done in humans and animal models have demonstrated complex patterns of gammadelta T cell immune responses during early mycobacterial infections and chronic tuberculosis. Recent studies have also shown a clinical correlation between major recall expansion of antigen-specific gammadelta T cells and immunity against fatal early mycobacterial diseases. Multiple host and microbial factors can regulate diverse immune responses of phosphoantigen-specific gammadelta T cells during mycobacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng W Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, MC790, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shen Y, Shen L, Sehgal P, Huang D, Qiu L, Du G, Letvin NL, Chen ZW. Clinical latency and reactivation of AIDS-related mycobacterial infections. J Virol 2004; 78:14023-32. [PMID: 15564509 PMCID: PMC533912 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.24.14023-14032.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune mechanisms associated with the evolution from latent to clinically active mycobacterial coinfection in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected humans remain poorly understood. Previous work has demonstrated that macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) can develop persistent Mycobacterium bovis BCG coinfection and a fatal SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease by 4 months after BCG inoculation. In the present study, SIVmac-infected monkeys that developed clinically quiescent mycobacterial infection after BCG inoculation were followed prospectively for the reactivation of the BCG and the development of SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease. The development of clinically latent BCG coinfection in these SIVmac-infected monkeys was characterized by a change from high to undetectable levels of bacterial organisms, with or without measurable BCG mRNA expression in lymph node cells. The reactivation of clinically latent BCG coinfection and development of SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease were then observed in these SIVmac-BCG-coinfected monkeys during a 21-month period of follow-up. The reactivation of SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease in these animals coincided with a severe depletion of CD4 T cells and a loss of BCG-specific T-cell responses. Interestingly, bacterial superantigen challenge of the SIVmac-BCG-coinfected monkeys resulted in an up-regulation of clinically latent BCG coinfection, suggesting that infection with superantigen-producing microbes may increase the susceptibility of individuals to the reactivation of AIDS-related mycobacterial coinfection. Thus, reactivation of latent mycobacterial infections in HIV-1-infected individuals may result from a loss of T-cell immunity or from a superimposed further compromise of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shen L, Shen Y, Huang D, Qiu L, Sehgal P, Du GZ, Miller MD, Letvin NL, Chen ZW. Development of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cell responses during active mycobacterial coinfection of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques requires control of viral infection and immune competence of CD4+ T cells. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:1438-47. [PMID: 15378436 PMCID: PMC2865241 DOI: 10.1086/423939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells play a role in antimicrobial responses. It is unknown whether adaptive Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cell responses during active mycobacterial coinfection of human immunodeficiency virus-infected humans can be generated during effective antiretroviral treatment. Here, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac-infected macaques previously exposed to bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were reinfected with BCG, were treated either with tenofovir or tenofovir plus indinavir, and were assessed for the development of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cell responses during active BCG coinfection. A restored capacity of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells to undergo major expansions and pulmonary migration during active BCG coinfection was detected after simultaneous BCG reinfection and treatment with tenofovir of the SIVmac-infected macaques. Interestingly, a restored expansion of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells in the SIVmac/BCG-coinfected macaques was detectable, even though antiretroviral treatment was initiated 1 month after BCG reinfection. Importantly, the restored expansion of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells coincided with increases in numbers of purified protein derivative-specific interferon- gamma -producing CD4+ T cells and increases in the magnitude of their proliferative responses. In contrast, the SIVmac-infected control macaques exhibited diminished responses of Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells and mycobacterium-specific CD4+ T cells during active BCG coinfection. Our results suggest that the development of adaptive immune responses of phosphoantigen-specific Vgamma2Vdelta2+ T cells during active mycobacterium/HIV coinfection requires control of viral infection and immune competence of peptide-specific CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenine/therapeutic use
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cattle
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Indinavir/therapeutic use
- Lung/immunology
- Lymphocyte Count
- Macaca mulatta
- Macaca nemestrina
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Organophosphonates/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy
- Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology
- Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/isolation & purification
- Tenofovir
- Tuberculosis, Bovine/complications
- Tuberculosis, Bovine/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Liyou Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Prabhat Sehgal
- New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southboro, Massachusetts
| | - George Z. Du
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago
| | | | | | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago
| |
Collapse
|