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Whalen RM, Anderson AN, Jones JA, Sims Z, Chang YH, Nederlof MA, Wong MH, Gibbs SL. Ultra high content analyses of circulating and tumor associated hybrid cells reveal phenotypic heterogeneity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7350. [PMID: 38538742 PMCID: PMC10973471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistently high, worldwide mortality from cancer highlights the unresolved challenges of disease surveillance and detection that impact survival. Development of a non-invasive, blood-based biomarker would transform survival from cancer. We demonstrate the functionality of ultra-high content analyses of a newly identified population of tumor cells that are hybrids between neoplastic and immune cells in patient matched tumor and peripheral blood specimens. Using oligonucleotide conjugated antibodies (Ab-oligo) permitting cyclic immunofluorescence (cyCIF), we present analyses of phenotypes among tumor and peripheral blood hybrid cells. Interestingly, the majority of circulating hybrid cell (CHC) subpopulations were not identified in tumor-associated hybrids. These results highlight the efficacy of ultra-high content phenotypic analyses using Ab-oligo based cyCIF applied to both tumor and peripheral blood specimens. The combination of a multiplex phenotypic profiling platform that is gentle enough to analyze blood to detect and evaluate disseminated tumor cells represents a novel approach to exploring novel tumor biology and potential utility for developing the population as a blood-based biomarker in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley M Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ashley N Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Zachary Sims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Melissa H Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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Janicova A, Haag F, Xu B, Garza AP, Dunay IR, Neunaber C, Nowak AJ, Cavalli P, Marzi I, Sturm R, Relja B. Acute Alcohol Intoxication Modulates Monocyte Subsets and Their Functions in a Time-Dependent Manner in Healthy Volunteers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652488. [PMID: 34084163 PMCID: PMC8167072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive alcohol intake is associated with adverse immune response-related effects, however, acute and chronic abuse differently modulate monocyte activation. In this study, we have evaluated the phenotypic and functional changes of monocytes in acutely intoxicated healthy volunteers (HV). Methods Twenty-two HV consumed individually adjusted amounts of alcoholic beverages until reaching a blood alcohol level of 1‰ after 4h (T4). Peripheral blood was withdrawn before and 2h (T2), 4h (T4), 6h (T6), 24h (T24), and 48h (T48) after starting the experiment and stained for CD14, CD16 and TLR4. CD14brightCD16-, CD14brightCD16+ and CD14dimCD16+ monocyte subsets and their TLR4 expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. Inflammasome activation via caspase-1 in CD14+ monocytes was measured upon an ex vivo in vitro LPS stimulation. Systemic IL-1β and adhesion capacity of isolated CD14+ monocytes upon LPS stimulation were evaluated. Results The percentage of CD14+ monocyte did not change following alcohol intoxication, whereas CD14brightCD16- monocyte subset significantly increased at T2 and T24, CD14brightCD16+ at T2, T4 and T6 and CD14dimCD16+ at T4 and T6. The relative fraction of TLR4 expressing CD14+ monocytes as well as the density of TLR4 surface presentation increased at T2 and decreased at T48 significantly. TLR4+CD14+ monocytes were significantly enhanced in all subsets at T2. TLR4 expression significantly decreased in CD14brightCD16- at T48, in CD14brightCD16+ at T24 and T48, increased in CD14dimCD16+ at T2. IL-1β release upon LPS stimulation decreased at T48, correlating with TLR4 receptor expression. Alcohol downregulated inflammasome activation following ex vivo in vitro stimulation with LPS between T2 and T48 vs. T0. The adhesion capacity of CD14+ monocytes decreased from T2 with significance at T4, T6 and T48. Following LPS administration, a significant reduction of adhesion was observed at T4 and T6. Conclusions Alcohol intoxication immediately redistributes monocyte subsets toward the pro-inflammatory phenotype with their subsequent differentiation into the anti-inflammatory phenotype. This is paralleled by a significant functional depression, suggesting an alcohol-induced time-dependent hyporesponsiveness of monocytes to pathogenic triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Janicova
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian Haag
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Baolin Xu
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alejandra P Garza
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Aleksander J Nowak
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paola Cavalli
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ramona Sturm
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Levring TB, Kongsbak-Wismann M, Rode AKO, Al-Jaberi FAH, Lopez DV, Met Ö, Woetmann A, Bonefeld CM, Ødum N, Geisler C. Tumor necrosis factor induces rapid down-regulation of TXNIP in human T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16725. [PMID: 31723203 PMCID: PMC6853882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to antigen-driven signals, T cells need co-stimulatory signals for robust activation. Several receptors, including members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), can deliver co-stimulatory signals to T cells. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is an important inhibitor of glucose uptake and cell proliferation, but it is unknown how TXNIP is regulated in T cells. The aim of this study was to determine expression levels and regulation of TXNIP in human T cells. We found that naïve T cells express high levels of TXNIP and that treatment of blood samples with TNF results in rapid down-regulation of TXNIP in the T cells. TNF-induced TXNIP down-regulation correlated with increased glucose uptake. Furthermore, we found that density gradient centrifugation (DGC) induced down-regulation of TXNIP. We demonstrate that DGC induced TNF production that paralleled the TXNIP down-regulation. Treatment of blood with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands induced TNF production and TXNIP down-regulation, suggesting that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as endogenous TLR ligands, released during DGC play a role in DGC-induced TXNIP down-regulation. Finally, we demonstrate that TNF-induced TXNIP down-regulation is dependent on caspase activity and is caused by caspase-mediated cleavage of TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine B Levring
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Kongsbak-Wismann
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna K O Rode
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fatima A H Al-Jaberi
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel V Lopez
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- The LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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4
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Cardoso CC, Santos-Silva MC. Eight-color panel for immune phenotype monitoring by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2019; 468:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Efficient immunoaffinity chromatography of lymphocytes directly from whole blood. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16731. [PMID: 30425259 PMCID: PMC6233198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that defined lymphocytes can be rapidly purified by immunoaffinity chromatography starting directly from whole blood. The method relies on low-affinity Fab-fragments attached to a column-matrix combined with the reversible Strep-tag technology. Compared to established cell enrichment protocols, the Strep-tag affinity chromatography of cells is independent of erythrocyte lysis or centrifugation steps, allowing for simple cell-enrichment with good yields, high purities, and excellent functionality of purified cells.
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6
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Duffy D, Rouilly V, Braudeau C, Corbière V, Djebali R, Ungeheuer MN, Josien R, LaBrie ST, Lantz O, Louis D, Martinez-Caceres E, Mascart F, Ruiz de Morales JG, Ottone C, Redjah L, Guen NSL, Savenay A, Schmolz M, Toubert A, Albert ML. Standardized whole blood stimulation improves immunomonitoring of induced immune responses in multi-center study. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:325-335. [PMID: 28943400 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional immune responses are increasingly important for clinical studies, providing in depth biomarker information to assess immunotherapy or vaccination. Incorporating functional immune assays into routine clinical practice has remained limited due to challenges in standardizing sample preparation. We recently described the use of a whole blood syringe-based system, TruCulture®, which permits point-of-care standardized immune stimulation. Here, we report on a multi-center clinical study in seven FOCIS Centers of Excellence to directly compare TruCulture to conventional PBMC methods. Whole blood and PBMCs from healthy donors were exposed to LPS, anti-CD3 anti-CD28 antibodies, or media alone. 55 protein analytes were analyzed centrally by Luminex multi-analyte profiling in a CLIA-certified laboratory. TruCulture responses showed greater reproducibility and improved the statistical power for monitoring differential immune response activation. The use of TruCulture addresses a major unmet need through a robust and flexible method for immunomonitoring that can be reproducibly applied in multi-center clinical studies. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY A multi-center study revealed greater reproducibility from whole blood stimulation systems as compared to PBMC stimulation for studying induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darragh Duffy
- Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Rouilly
- Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Braudeau
- CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, Nantes, France; Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Corbière
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raouf Djebali
- Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer
- Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; ICAReB Platform, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Regis Josien
- CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, Nantes, France; Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO Immunotherapy Graf-Oncology, Nantes, France
| | | | - Olivier Lantz
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie clinique, CIC-4218 et Unité Inserm 932 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Louis
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie clinique, CIC-4218 et Unité Inserm 932 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eva Martinez-Caceres
- Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Dept Cellular Biology, Physiology, Immunology, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francoise Mascart
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Immunobiology Clinic, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Catherine Ottone
- Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; ICAReB Platform, Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Redjah
- Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Salabert-Le Guen
- CHU Nantes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, Nantes, France; Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, Inserm, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO Immunotherapy Graf-Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Savenay
- INSERM UMR1160, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Hopital St Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM UMR1160, Université Paris Diderot, AP-HP, Hopital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Development of a Modular Assay for Detailed Immunophenotyping of Peripheral Human Whole Blood Samples by Multicolor Flow Cytometry. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081316. [PMID: 27529227 PMCID: PMC5000713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of immune cells gained great significance in prognosis and prediction of therapy responses. For analyzing blood samples, the multicolor flow cytometry has become the method of choice as it combines high specificity on single cell level with multiple parameters and high throughput. Here, we present a modular assay for the detailed immunophenotyping of blood (DIoB) that was optimized for an easy and direct application in whole blood samples. The DIoB assay characterizes 34 immune cell subsets that circulate the peripheral blood including all major immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. In addition, it evaluates their functional state and a few non-leukocytes that also have been associated with the outcome of cancer therapy. This DIoB assay allows a longitudinal and close-meshed monitoring of a detailed immune status in patients requiring only 2.0 mL of peripheral blood and it is not restricted to peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It is currently applied for the immune monitoring of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (IMMO-GLIO-01 trial, NCT02022384), pancreatic cancer (CONKO-007 trial, NCT01827553), and head and neck cancer (DIREKHT trial, NCT02528955) and might pave the way for immune biomarker identification for prediction and prognosis of therapy outcome.
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8
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Long lasting local and systemic inflammation after cerebral hypoxic ischemia in newborn mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36422. [PMID: 22567156 PMCID: PMC3342175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic ischemia (HI) is an important cause of neonatal brain injury and subsequent inflammation affects neurological outcome. In this study we performed investigations of systemic and local activation states of inflammatory cells from innate and adaptive immunity at different time points after neonatal HI brain injury in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings We developed a multiplex flow cytometry based method combined with immunohistochemistry to investigate cellular immune responses in the brain 24 h to 7 months after HI brain injury. In addition, functional studies of ex vivo splenocytes after cerebral hypoxic ischemia were performed. Both central and peripheral activation of CD11b+ and CD11c+ antigen presenting cells were seen with expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 and MHC-II, indicating active antigen presentation in the damaged hemisphere and in the spleen. After one week, naïve CD45rb+ T-lymphocytes were demonstrated in the damaged brain hemisphere. In a second phase after three months, pronounced activation of CD45rb− T-lymphocytes expressing CD69 and CD25 was seen in the damaged hemisphere. Brain homogenate induced proliferation in splenocytes after HI but not in controls. Conclusions/Significance Our findings demonstrate activation of both local and systemic immune responses months after hypoxic ischemic neonatal brain injury. The long term immune activation observed is of general importance for future studies of the inflammatory response after brain injury as most previous studies have focused on the first few weeks after damage, while the effects of the late inflammation phase may be missed. Furthermore, the self-reactive component raises the question if there is a correlation with development of autoimmune brain disease later in life.
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Maecker HT, McCoy JP, Nussenblatt R. Standardizing immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:191-200. [PMID: 22343568 PMCID: PMC3409649 DOI: 10.1038/nri3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 744] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity in the healthy human immune system, and the immunological changes that portend various diseases, have been only partially described. Their comprehensive elucidation has been termed the 'Human Immunology Project'. The accurate measurement of variations in the human immune system requires precise and standardized assays to distinguish true biological changes from technical artefacts. Thus, to be successful, the Human Immunology Project will require standardized assays for immunophenotyping humans in health and disease. A major tool in this effort is flow cytometry, which remains highly variable with regard to sample handling, reagents, instrument setup and data analysis. In this Review, we outline the current state of standardization of flow cytometry assays and summarize the steps that are required to enable the Human Immunology Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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10
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Burger DE, Wang L, Ban L, Okubo Y, Kühtreiber WM, Leichliter AK, Faustman DL. Novel automated blood separations validate whole cell biomarkers. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22430. [PMID: 21799852 PMCID: PMC3142167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progress in clinical trials in infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer is stymied by a dearth of successful whole cell biomarkers for peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Successful biomarkers could help to track drug effects at early time points in clinical trials to prevent costly trial failures late in development. One major obstacle is the inaccuracy of Ficoll density centrifugation, the decades-old method of separating PBLs from the abundant red blood cells (RBCs) of fresh blood samples. Methods and Findings To replace the Ficoll method, we developed and studied a novel blood-based magnetic separation method. The magnetic method strikingly surpassed Ficoll in viability, purity and yield of PBLs. To reduce labor, we developed an automated platform and compared two magnet configurations for cell separations. These more accurate and labor-saving magnet configurations allowed the lymphocytes to be tested in bioassays for rare antigen-specific T cells. The automated method succeeded at identifying 79% of patients with the rare PBLs of interest as compared with Ficoll's uniform failure. We validated improved upfront blood processing and show accurate detection of rare antigen-specific lymphocytes. Conclusions Improving, automating and standardizing lymphocyte detections from whole blood may facilitate development of new cell-based biomarkers for human diseases. Improved upfront blood processes may lead to broad improvements in monitoring early trial outcome measurements in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E. Burger
- Immunobiology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massaschusetts, United States of America
| | - Limei Wang
- Immunobiology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massaschusetts, United States of America
| | - Liqin Ban
- Immunobiology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massaschusetts, United States of America
| | - Yoshiaki Okubo
- Immunobiology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massaschusetts, United States of America
| | - Willem M. Kühtreiber
- Immunobiology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massaschusetts, United States of America
| | - Ashley K. Leichliter
- Immunobiology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massaschusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise L. Faustman
- Immunobiology Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massaschusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Naranbhai V, Bartman P, Ndlovu D, Ramkalawon P, Ndung'u T, Wilson D, Altfeld M, Carr WH. Impact of blood processing variations on natural killer cell frequency, activation, chemokine receptor expression and function. J Immunol Methods 2011; 366:28-35. [PMID: 21255578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of natural killer (NK) cells in human disease pathogenesis is crucial and necessitates study of patient samples directly ex vivo. Manipulation of whole blood by density gradient centrifugation or delays in sample processing due to shipping, however, may lead to artifactual changes in immune response measures. Here, we assessed the impact of density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of both whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at multiple timepoints (2-24 h) on flow cytometric measures of NK cell frequency, activation status, chemokine receptor expression, and effector functions. We found that density gradient centrifugation activated the NK cells and modified the chemokine receptor expression. Delays in processing beyond 8h activated NK cells in PBMC but not in whole blood. Likewise, processing delays decreased chemokine receptor (CCR4 and CCR7) expression in both PBMC and whole blood. Finally, delays in processing PBMC were associated with a decreased ability of NK cells to degranulate (as measured by CD107a expression) or secrete cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). In summary, our findings suggest that density gradient centrifugation and delayed processing of PBMC can alter measures of clinically relevant NK cell characteristics including effector functions; and therefore should be taken into account in designing clinical research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Naranbhai
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Rossmann ED, Lenkei R, Lundin J, Mellstedt H, Osterborg A. Performance of calibration standards for antigen quantitation with flow cytometry in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2007; 72:450-7. [PMID: 17565749 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fluorescence intensities of CD3, CD4 on T cells and CD20, CD22 molecules on B cells were quantitatively measured on lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and healthy donors. METHODS The performance of three different types of microbeads was compared, i.e. Quantum molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (Q-MESF), Quantum simply cellular (QSC), and QuantiBRITE (QB). As all PE-conjugates had a F/P ratio of 1:1, the MESF units represented also the antibody binding capacity (ABC). RESULTS The ABCs of CD4 and CD20 antigens estimated with QSC (ABC(QSC)) were higher than those assigned with QB (ABC(QB)) with an average difference 49%. Higher numbers of antigenic sites were obtained with Q-MESF than with QSC for CD20 antigen. On the contrary, CD4 antigenic sites numbers estimated with QSC were higher than those estimated with Q-MESF. ABC values estimated with Quantum MESF PE (ABC(Q-MESF)) were approximately 15% higher than ABC(QSC), whereas ABC(Q-MESF) was approximately 49% higher than ABC(QB). Statistically significant correlations were found between the values obtained using various standards. The present study is the first to report down-regulation of CD3 antigen on T cells from patients with CLL. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the relevance of quantitative measurement of fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry as a standardized approach to measure and interpret the expression of some CLL markers and reduce variability of results obtained at different sites in multi-center clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva D Rossmann
- Department of Oncology (Radiumhemmet), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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