1
|
Tsai WC, Chen CL, Chen HC. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 promotes invadopodia formation through suppression of Rho signaling. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26204488 PMCID: PMC4695156 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadopodia are actin-enriched membrane protrusions that are important for extracellular matrix degradation and invasive cell motility. Src homolog domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase, has been shown to play an important role in promoting cancer metastasis, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we found that depletion of SHP2 by short-hairpin RNA suppressed invadopodia formation in several cancer cell lines, particularly in the SAS head and neck squamous cell line. In contrast, overexpression of SHP2 promoted invadopodia formation in the CAL27 head and neck squamous cell line, which expresses low levels of endogenous SHP2. The depletion of SHP2 in SAS cells significantly decreased their invasive motility. The suppression of invadopodia formation by SHP2 depletion was restored by the Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme (a Rho GTPase inhibitor) or Y27632 (a specific inhibitor for Rho-associated kinase). Together, our results suggest that SHP2 may promote invadopodia formation through inhibition of Rho signaling in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institutue of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong-Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
SHP2 mediates gp130-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via negative regulation of skeletal alpha-actin gene. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 49:157-64. [PMID: 20226789 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphological and biochemical phenotypes of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy are determined by neurohumoral factors. Stimulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) results in uniform cell enlargement in all directions with an increase in skeletal alpha-actin (alpha-SKA) gene expression, while stimulation of gp130 receptor by interleukin-6 (IL-6)-related cytokines induces longitudinal elongation with no increase in alpha-SKA gene expression. Thus, alpha-SKA is a discriminating marker for hypertrophic phenotypes; however, regulatory mechanisms of alpha-SKA gene expression remain unknown. Here, we clarified the role of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in alpha-SKA gene expression. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, endothelin-1 (ET-1), a GPCR agonist, but not leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), an IL-6-related cytokine, induced RhoA activation and promotes alpha-SKA gene expression via RhoA. In contrast, LIF, but not ET-1, induced activation of SHP2 in cardiomyocytes, suggesting that SHP2 might negatively regulate alpha-SKA gene expression downstream of gp130. Therefore, we examined the effect of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of wild-type SHP2 (SHP2(WT)), dominant-negative SHP2 (SHP2(C/S)), or beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), on alpha-SKA gene expression. LIF did not upregulate alpha-SKA mRNA in cardiomyocytes overexpressing either beta-gal or SHP2(WT). In cardiomyocytes overexpressing SHP2(C/S), LIF induced upregulation of alpha-SKA mRNA, which was abrogated by concomitant overexpression of either C3-toxin or dominant-negative RhoA. RhoA was activated after LIF stimulation in the cardiomyocytes overexpressing SHP2(C/S), but not in myocytes overexpressing beta-gal. Furthermore, SHP2 mediates LIF-induced longitudinal elongation of cardiomyocytes via ERK5 activation. Collectively, these findings indicate that SHP2 negatively regulates alpha-SKA expression via RhoA inactivation and suggest that SHP2 implicates ERK5 in cardiomyocyte elongation downstream of gp130.
Collapse
|
3
|
Matozaki T, Murata Y, Saito Y, Okazawa H, Ohnishi H. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2: a proto-oncogene product that promotes Ras activation. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1786-93. [PMID: 19622105 PMCID: PMC11158110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SHP-2 is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that contains two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. Although PTPs are generally considered to be negative regulators on the basis of their ability to oppose the effects of protein tyrosine kinases, SHP-2 is unusual in that it promotes the activation of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by receptors for various growth factors and cytokines. The molecular basis for the activation of SHP-2 is also unique: In the basal state, the NH(2)-terminal SH2 domain of SHP-2 interacts with the PTP domain, resulting in autoinhibition of PTP activity; the binding of SHP-2 via its SH2 domains to tyrosine-phosphorylated growth factor receptors or docking proteins, however, results in disruption of this intramolecular interaction, leading to exposure of the PTP domain and catalytic activation. Indeed, SHP-2 proteins with artificial mutations in the NH(2)-terminal SH2 domain have been shown to act as dominant active mutants in vitro. Such activating mutations of PTPN11 (human SHP-2 gene) were subsequently identified in individuals with Noonan syndrome, a human developmental disorder that is sometimes associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Furthermore, somatic mutations of PTPN11 were found to be associated with pediatric leukemia. SHP-2 is also thought to participate in the development of other malignant disorders, but in a manner independent of such activating mutations. Biochemical and functional studies of SHP-2 and genetic analysis of PTPN11 in human disorders have thus converged to provide new insight into the pathogenesis of cancer as well as potential new targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matozaki
- Laboratory of Biosignal Sciences, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nakata S, Fujita N, Kitagawa Y, Okamoto R, Ogita H, Takai Y. Regulation of Platelet-derived Growth Factor Receptor Activation by Afadin through SHP-2. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:37815-25. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707461200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
5
|
McCulloch CA, Downey GP, El-Gabalawy H. Signalling platforms that modulate the inflammatory response: new targets for drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006; 5:864-76. [PMID: 17016427 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutically controlling inflammation is essential for the clinical management of many high-prevalence human diseases. Drugs that block the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour-necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 (IL-1) can improve outcomes for rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases but many patients remain refractory to treatment. Here we explore the need for developing new types of anti-inflammatory drugs and the emergence of novel drug targets based on the clustering of IL-1 receptors into multi-protein aggregates associated with cell adhesions. Interference with receptor aggregation into multi-protein complexes effectively abrogates IL-1 signalling. The exploration of the crucial molecules required for receptor clustering, and therefore signal transduction, offers new targets and scope for anti-inflammatory drug development.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lai YP, Yang JC, Lin TZ, Lin JT, Wang JT. Helicobacter pylori infection and CagA protein translocation in human primary gastric epithelial cell culture. Helicobacter 2006; 11:451-9. [PMID: 16961808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2006.00438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that Helicobacter pylori CagA protein translocation into gastric epithelial cells plays an important role in the development of gastric inflammation and malignancy. Translocated CagA undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation in gastric adenocarcinoma cell line cells, and CagA involves disruption of cellular apical-junction complex in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. METHODS To elucidate whether these events take place in normal human gastric epithelium, we infected human primary gastric epithelial cells with H. pylori. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that CagA protein was translocated into primary gastric epithelial cells and tyrosine phosphorylated. The translocated CagA induces cytoskeletal rearrangement and the disruption of tight junctions in primary gastric epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides direct evidence of the modulation of gastric epithelial cells by CagA protein translocation, and advances our understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Ping Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Sheibani N. PECAM-1 isoform-specific activation of MAPK/ERKs and small GTPases: implications in inflammation and angiogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2006; 98:451-68. [PMID: 16440301 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells (EC) and leukocytes. PECAM-1 plays an important role in endothelial-leukocyte and endothelial-endothelial cell-cell interactions. The anti-PECAM-1 antibody-mediated blockade of these interactions inhibits transendothelial migration (TEM) of leukocytes and angiogenesis. PECAM-1 may accommodate these processes through the regulation of cell adhesive and migratory mechanisms. How PECAM-1 regulates these dynamic processes remain unknown. Here we show that PECAM-1 transduces outside-in signals, which activate MAPK/ERKs and small GTPases. This occurs through PECAM-1-mediated formation of intracellular-signaling complexes, Shc/Grb2/SOS1 and/or Crkl/C3G, which is initiated by PECAM-1 engagement on the surface of leukocytes and/or EC. Src, SHP2, and alternative PECAM-1 pre-mRNA splicing play a regulatory role in these signaling events. Our findings reveal that PECAM-1 engagement on the cell surface can transduce "outside-in" signals and activate MAPK/ERKs and small GTPases, impacting both cadherin-mediated cell-cell and integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions. Thus, we propose PECAM-1 is an important mediator of vascular barrier and regulator of leukocyte and EC adhesion and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53792, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bolanos-Garcia VM. MET meet adaptors: functional and structural implications in downstream signalling mediated by the Met receptor. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 276:149-57. [PMID: 16132696 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-3696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosin kinase Met receptor regulates multiple cellular events, ranging from cell motility and angiogenesis to morphological differentiation and tissue regeneration. To conduce these activities, the cytoplasmic C-terminal region of this receptor acts as a docking site for multiple protein substrates, including Grb 2, Gab 1, STAT 3, Shc, SHIP-1 and Src. These substrates are characterised by the presence of multiple domains, including the PH, PTB, SH 2 and SH 3 domains, which directly interact with the multisubstrate C-terminal region of Met. How this receptor recognises and binds a specific substrate in a space-temporal mode is a central question in cell signalling. The recently solved crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of the Met receptor and that of domains of diverse Met substrates provides the molecular framework to understand Met substrate specificity. This structural information also gives new insights on the plasticity of Met signalling and the implications of Met deregulation in tumorigenic processes. In the light of these advances, the present work discusses the molecular basis of Met-substrate recognition and its functional implications in signalling events mediated by this pleiotropic receptor.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bolanos-Garcia VM. MET meet adaptors: Functional and structural implications in downstream signalling mediated by the Met receptor. Mol Cell Biochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00022009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Wang FM, Liu HQ, Liu SR, Tang SP, Yang L, Feng GS. SHP-2 promoting migration and metastasis of MCF-7 with loss of E-cadherin, dephosphorylation of FAK and secretion of MMP-9 induced by IL-1beta in vivo and in vitro. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 89:5-14. [PMID: 15666191 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-004-1002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Shp-2, an src homology (SH) two-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase, appears to be involved in cytoplasmic signaling downstream of a variety of cell surface receptors. It also plays an important role in the control of cell spreading, migration, and cytoskeletal architecture. In our study, abrogation of SHP-2 catalytic activity with a'dominant-negative mutant (SHP-2C > S) displayed an increased number of focal adhesion, high expression of E-cadhenrin and phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Interestingly, the cells expressing SHP-2C > S showed reduced IL-1beta-stimulated chemotaxis compared with either mock- or SHP-2 wild type-transfected cells. We also found that SHP-2-GFP-transfected cell lines did not express E-cadherin nearly and produced high level of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 in the supernatants. The loss of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion and the increase of MMP-9-induced migration had been shown to play an important role in the transition of epithelial tumors from a benign to an invasive state. These findings have raised the possibility that SHP-2 can promote the cancer cell to invasion the distant tissues. To determine whether SHP-2 promotes invasion and metastasis, we transfected MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines with SHP-2-GFP, SHP-2C > S-GFP and analyzed the effects of the SHP-2 on cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. In vitro, SHP-2-GFP-transfected cells migrated more efficiently, showed an increased invasion of Matrigel, and adhered less efficiently to monolayers of fibroblast cells. When injected into the abdominal cavity of nude mice, SHP-2-GFP-transfected cells metastasized widely to the lung, kidney, but MCF-7 with SHP-2C > S-GFP was not observed in the these organs. These results demonstrate that SHP-2 promotes invasion and metastasis of MCF-7 with the loss of E-cadherin, the dephosphorylation of FAK and the secretion of MMP-9 induced by IL-1beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-mei Wang
- Department of Embryology and Histology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gopalakrishnan S, Hallett MA, Atkinson SJ, Marrs JA. Differential regulation of junctional complex assembly in renal epithelial cell lines. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C102-11. [PMID: 12777255 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00583.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways that regulate tight junction and adherens junction assembly are being characterized. Calpeptin activates stress fiber assembly in fibroblasts by inhibiting SH2-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), thereby activating Rho-GTPase signaling. Here, we have examined the effects of calpeptin on stress fiber and junctional complex assembly in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and LLC-PK epithelial cells. Calpeptin induced disassembly of stress fibers and inhibition of Rho GTPase activity in MDCK cells. Interestingly, calpeptin augmented stress fiber formation in LLC-PK epithelial cells. Calpeptin treatment of MDCK cells resulted in a displacement of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin from cell-cell junctions and a loss of phosphotyrosine on ZO-1 and ZO-2, without any detectable effect on tight junction permeability. Surprisingly, calpeptin increased paracellular permeability in LLC-PK cells even though it did not affect tight junction assembly. Calpeptin also modulated adherens junction assembly in MDCK cells but not in LLC-PK cells. Calpeptin treatment of MDCK cells induced redistribution of E-cadherin and beta-catenin from intercellular junctions and reduced the association of p120ctn with the E-cadherin/catenin complex. Together, our studies demonstrate that calpeptin differentially regulates stress fiber and junctional complex assembly in MDCK and LLC-PK epithelial cells, indicating that these pathways may be regulated in a cell line-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5181, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Motegi SI, Okazawa H, Ohnishi H, Sato R, Kaneko Y, Kobayashi H, Tomizawa K, Ito T, Honma N, Bühring HJ, Ishikawa O, Matozaki T. Role of the CD47-SHPS-1 system in regulation of cell migration. EMBO J 2003; 22:2634-44. [PMID: 12773380 PMCID: PMC156773 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SHPS-1 is a transmembrane protein whose extracellular region interacts with CD47 and whose cytoplasmic region undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation and there by binds the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. Formation of this complex is implicated in regulation of cell migration by an unknown mechanism. A CD47-Fc fusion protein or antibodies to SHPS-1 inhibited migration of human melanoma cells or of CHO cells overexpressing SHPS-1. Overexpression of wild-type SHPS-1 promoted CHO cell migration, whereas expression of the SHPS-1-4F mutant, which lacks the phosphorylation sites required for SHP-2 binding, had no effect. Antibodies to SHPS-1 failed to inhibit migration of CHO cells expressing SHPS-1-4F. SHPS-1 ligands induced the dephosphorylation of SHPS-1 and dissociation of SHP-2. Antibodies to SHPS-1 also enhanced Rho activity and induced both formation of stress fibers and adoption of a less polarized morphology in melanoma cells. Our results suggest that engagement of SHPS-1 by CD47 prevents the positive regulation of cell migration by this protein. The CD47- SHPS-1 system and SHP-2 might thus contribute to the inhibition of cell migration by cell-cell contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Biosignal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hatakeyama M. Helicobacter pylori CagA--a potential bacterial oncoprotein that functionally mimics the mammalian Gab family of adaptor proteins. Microbes Infect 2003; 5:143-50. [PMID: 12650772 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA is injected into gastric epithelial cells and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation. Similar to mammalian Gab protein, tyrosine-phosphorylated CagA recruits and activates SHP-2 phosphatase at the plasma membrane, thereby inducing a growth factor-like effect. CagA-SHP-2 interaction may play an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, leading to gastric carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang Y, Ceacareanu B, Dixit M, Sreejayan N, Hassid A. Nitric oxide-induced motility in aortic smooth muscle cells: role of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 and GTP-binding protein Rho. Circ Res 2002; 91:390-7. [PMID: 12215487 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000033524.92083.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that SHP-2 upregulation is necessary for NO-stimulated motility in differentiated rat aortic smooth muscle cells. We now test the hypothesis that upregulation of SHP-2 is necessary and sufficient to stimulate cell motility. Overexpression of SHP-2 via recombinant adenoviral vector stimulated motility to the same extent as NO, whereas the expression of C463S-SHP-2, the dominant-negative SHP-2 allele, blocked the motogenic effect of NO. On the basis of previous studies, we next tested the hypothesis that NO decreases RhoA activity and that this event is necessary and sufficient to explain NO-induced motogenesis. We found that NO decreased RhoA activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, a dominant-negative SHP-2 allele, DSH2, blocked the NO-induced inhibition of RhoA activity, indicating that upregulation of SHP-2 is necessary for this event. Expression of G14V-RhoA, the constitutively active RhoA allele, decreased cell motility and blocked the motogenic effect of NO, whereas the expression of T19N-RhoA, the dominant-negative RhoA allele, increased cell motility to an extent similar to that induced by NO. Dominant-negative RhoA reversed the effect of dominant-negative SHP-2, indicating that RhoA functions downstream from SHP-2. To investigate events downstream from RhoA, we treated cells with fasudil, a selective Rho kinase inhibitor, and found that it increased cell motility. These results indicate that upregulation of SHP-2, leading to downregulation of RhoA, which is followed by decreased Rho kinase activity, is a sequence of events necessary and sufficient to explain NO-induced cell motility in differentiated aortic smooth muscle cells. The results may be of relevance to in vivo events such as neointimal formation, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/analogs & derivatives
- 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Mutation
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology
- Penicillamine/analogs & derivatives
- Penicillamine/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphotyrosine/drug effects
- Phosphotyrosine/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/chemistry
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Chang
- Department of Physiology and Vascular Biology Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|