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Papa V, Li Pomi F, Borgia F, Vaccaro M, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Immunosenescence and Skin: A State of Art of Its Etiopathogenetic Role and Crucial Watershed for Systemic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097956. [PMID: 37175661 PMCID: PMC10178319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a complex multifactorial phenomenon consisting of wide-ranging remodeling of the immune system during the life span, resulting in an age-related qualitative-quantitative decline of immune cells and cytokines. A growing body of evidence in the international literature is highlighting the etiopathogenetic role of skin immunosenescence in the onset of various dermatologic conditions. Skin immunosenescence also serves as an interesting watershed for the onset of system-wide conditions in the context of allergic inflammation. Moreover, in recent years, an increasingly emerging and fascinating etiopathogenetic parallelism has been observed between some mechanisms of immunosenescence, both at cutaneous and systemic sites. This would help to explain the occurrence of apparently unconnected comorbidities. Throughout our review, we aim to shed light on emerging immunosenescent mechanisms shared between dermatologic disorders and other organ-specific diseases in the context of a more extensive discussion on the etiopathogenetic role of skin immunosenescence. A promising future perspective would be to focus on better understanding the mutual influence between skin and host immunity, as well as the influence of high inter-individual variability on immunosenescence/inflammaging. This can lead to a more comprehensive "immunobiographic" definition of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Papa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Li Pomi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Borgia
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Vaccaro
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Shibayama Y, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Yasuda J, Yamazaki D, Rahman A, Fujimori T, Fujisawa Y, Takai S, Furukawa T, Nakagawa T, Ohsaki H, Kobara H, Wong JH, Masaki T, Yuzawa Y, Kiyomoto H, Yachida S, Fujimoto A, Nishiyama A. Aberrant (pro)renin receptor expression induces genomic instability in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through upregulation of SMARCA5/SNF2H. Commun Biol 2020; 3:724. [PMID: 33247206 PMCID: PMC7695732 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] has a role in various diseases, such as cardiovascular and renal disorders and cancer. Aberrant (P)RR expression is prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) which is the most common pancreatic cancer. Here we show whether aberrant expression of (P)RR directly leads to genomic instability in human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. (P)RR-expressing HPDE cells show obvious cellular atypia. Whole genome sequencing reveals that aberrant (P)RR expression induces large numbers of point mutations and structural variations at the genome level. A (P)RR-expressing cell population exhibits tumour-forming ability, showing both atypical nuclei characterised by distinctive nuclear bodies and chromosomal abnormalities. (P)RR overexpression upregulates SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5 (SMARCA5) through a direct molecular interaction, which results in the failure of several genomic stability pathways. These data reveal that aberrant (P)RR expression contributes to the early carcinogenesis of PDAC. Yuki Shibayama et al. find that high expression of (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] in human pancreatic ductal cells causes increased genomic instability, leading to the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. They show that (P)RR exerts its carcinogenic effects through direct binding and activation of the chromatin regulator SMARCA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shibayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Division of Biomedical Polymer Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, School of Nursing and Medical Care, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Mie, 512-8045, Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Miyagi, 981-1293, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asadur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.,Fujimori Clinic for Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Kagawa, 761-8075, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujisawa
- Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Jing Hao Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yukio Yuzawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Kiyomoto
- Community Medical Support, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
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Zhavoronkov A, Mamoshina P, Vanhaelen Q, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Moskalev A, Aliper A. Artificial intelligence for aging and longevity research: Recent advances and perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:49-66. [PMID: 30472217 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The applications of modern artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms within the field of aging research offer tremendous opportunities. Aging is an almost universal unifying feature possessed by all living organisms, tissues, and cells. Modern deep learning techniques used to develop age predictors offer new possibilities for formerly incompatible dynamic and static data types. AI biomarkers of aging enable a holistic view of biological processes and allow for novel methods for building causal models-extracting the most important features and identifying biological targets and mechanisms. Recent developments in generative adversarial networks (GANs) and reinforcement learning (RL) permit the generation of diverse synthetic molecular and patient data, identification of novel biological targets, and generation of novel molecular compounds with desired properties and geroprotectors. These novel techniques can be combined into a unified, seamless end-to-end biomarker development, target identification, drug discovery and real world evidence pipeline that may help accelerate and improve pharmaceutical research and development practices. Modern AI is therefore expected to contribute to the credibility and prominence of longevity biotechnology in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry, and to the convergence of countless areas of research.
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Padovan E. Modulation of CD4+ T Helper Cell Memory Responses in the Human Skin. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 173:121-137. [PMID: 28787717 DOI: 10.1159/000477728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is defined as the capacity to mount faster and more effective immune responses against antigenic challenges that have been previously encountered by the host. CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play central roles in the establishment of immunological memory as they assist the functions of other leukocytes. Th cells express polarized cytokine profiles and distinct migratory and seeding capacities, but also retain a certain functional plasticity that allows them to modulate their proliferation, activity, and homing behaviour upon need. Thus, in healthy individuals, T cell immunomodulation fulfils the task of eliciting protective immune responses where they are needed. At times, however, Th plasticity can lead to collateral tissue damage and progression to autoimmune diseases or, conversely, incapacity to reject malignant tissues and clear chronic infections. Furthermore, common immune players and molecular pathways of diseases can lead to different outcomes in different individuals. A mechanistic understanding of those pathways is therefore crucial for developing precise and curative medical interventions. Here, I focus on the skin microenvironment and comprehensively describe some of the cellular and molecular determinants of CD4+ T cell memory responses in homeostatic and pathological conditions. In discussing the cellular network orchestrating cutaneous immunity, I comprehensively describe the bidirectional interaction of skin antigen-presenting cells and mononuclear phagocytes with Th17 lymphocytes, and examine how the outcome of this interaction is influenced by endogenous skin molecules, including sodium salts and neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Padovan
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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TURNER JAMESE, WADLEY ALEXJ, ALDRED SARAH, FISHER JAMESP, BOSCH JOSA, CAMPBELL JOHNP. Intensive Exercise Does Not Preferentially Mobilize Skin-Homing T Cells and NK Cells. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1285-93. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Resident memory T cells are non-recirculating memory T cells that persist long-term in epithelial barrier tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, lung, skin, and reproductive tract. Resident memory T cells persist in the absence of antigens, have impressive effector functions, and provide rapid on-site immune protection against known pathogens in peripheral tissues. A fundamentally distinct gene expression program differentiates resident memory T cells from circulating T cells. Although these cells likely evolved to provide rapid immune protection against pathogens, autoreactive, aberrantly activated, and malignant resident memory cells contribute to numerous human inflammatory diseases including mycosis fungoides and psoriasis. This review will discuss both the science and medicine of resident memory T cells, exploring how these cells contribute to healthy immune function and discussing what is known about how these cells contribute to human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail:
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Wu F, Zhang W, Shao H, Bo H, Shen H, Li J, Liu Y, Wang T, Ma W, Huang S. Human effector T cells derived from central memory cells rather than CD8(+)T cells modified by tumor-specific TCR gene transfer possess superior traits for adoptive immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2013; 339:195-207. [PMID: 23791878 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy provides an attractive treatment of cancer, and our expanding capacity to target tumor antigens is driven by genetically engineered human T lymphocytes that express genes encoding tumor-specific T cell receptors (TCRs). The intrinsic properties of cultured T cells used for therapy were reported to have tremendous influences on their persistence and antitumor efficacy in vivo. In this study, we isolated CD8(+) central memory T cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors, and then transferred with the gene encoding TCR specific for tumor antigen using recombinant adenovirus vector Ad5F35-TRAV-TRBV. We found effector T cells derived from central memory T cells improved cell viability, maintained certain level of CD62L expression, and reacquired the CD62L(+)CD44(high) phenotype of central memory T cells after effector T cells differentiation. We then compared the antitumor reactivity of central memory T cells and CD8(+)T cells after TCR gene transferred. The results indicated that tumor-specific TCR gene being transferred to central memory T cells effectively increased the specific killing of antigen positive tumor cells and the expression of cytolytic granule protein. Furthermore, TCR gene transferred central memory T cells were more effective than TCR gene transferred CD8(+)T cells in CTL activity and effector cytokine secretion. These results implicated that isolating central memory T cells rather than CD8(+)T cells for insertion of gene encoding tumor-specific TCR may provide a superior tumor-reactive T cell population for adoptive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Bio-Pharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Candidate Drug Research, Guangzhou, China
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Nishimura T, Kaneko S, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Tajima Y, Goto H, Zhu D, Nakayama-Hosoya K, Iriguchi S, Uemura Y, Shimizu T, Takayama N, Yamada D, Nishimura K, Ohtaka M, Watanabe N, Takahashi S, Iwamoto A, Koseki H, Nakanishi M, Eto K, Nakauchi H. Generation of rejuvenated antigen-specific T cells by reprogramming to pluripotency and redifferentiation. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:114-26. [PMID: 23290140 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with functional T cells is potentially an effective therapeutic strategy for combating many types of cancer and viral infection. However, exhaustion of antigen-specific T cells represents a major challenge to this type of approach. In an effort to overcome this problem, we reprogrammed clonally expanded antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells from an HIV-1-infected patient to pluripotency. The T cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were then redifferentiated into CD8(+) T cells that had a high proliferative capacity and elongated telomeres. These "rejuvenated" cells possessed antigen-specific killing activity and exhibited T cell receptor gene-rearrangement patterns identical to those of the original T cell clone from the patient. We also found that this method can be effective for generating specific T cells for other pathology-associated antigens. Thus, this type of approach may have broad applications in the field of adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Nishimura
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Borg M, Brincat S, Camilleri G, Schembri-Wismayer P, Brincat M, Calleja-Agius J. The role of cytokines in skin aging. Climacteric 2013; 16:514-21. [PMID: 23659624 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2013.802303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous aging is one of the major noticeable menopausal complications that most women want to fight in their quest for an eternally youthful skin appearance. It may contribute to some maladies that occur in aging which, despite not being life-threatening, affect the well-being, psychological state and quality of life of aged women. Skin aging is mainly affected by three factors: chronological aging, decreased levels of estrogen after menopause, and environmental factors. Aged skin is characterized by a decrease in collagen content and skin thickness which result in dry, wrinkled skin that is easily bruised and takes a longer time to heal. Cytokines play a crucial role in the manifestation of these features of old skin. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits collagen synthesis and enhances collagen degradation by increasing the production of MMP-9. It also lowers the skin immunity and thus increases the risk of cutaneous infections in old age. Deranged levels of several interleukins and interferons also affect the aging process. The high level of CCN1 protein in aged skin gives dermal fibroblasts an 'age-associated secretory phenotype' that causes abnormal homeostasis of skin collagen and leads to the loss of the function and integrity of skin. Further research is required especially to establish the role of cytokines in the treatment of cutaneous aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borg
- * Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta
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Reichenbach J, Schubert R, Feinberg J, Beck O, Rosewich M, Rose MA, Zielen S. Impaired interferon-gamma production in response to live bacteria and Toll-like receptor agonists in patients with ataxia telangiectasia. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 146:381-9. [PMID: 17100756 PMCID: PMC1810411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with associated immunodeficiency and cancer predisposition, caused by mutational inactivation of the ATM gene. Early death usually results from lymphoreticular malignancy or recurrent, chronic respiratory infections. Immune deficiency of AT patients is heterogeneous and involves both humoral and cellular responses. Reports on the number and integrity of immunocompetent cells in AT are conflicting. In the early phase of infection, the interleukin (IL)-12/interferon (IFN)-gamma axis plays a crucial role in first-line defence against pathogens. In a whole blood assay we studied the IL-12/IFN-gamma axis in the immune response of AT cells to the Toll-like receptor agonists lipopolysaccharide and heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus, as well as whole live M. bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). The function of AT antigen-presenting cells was normal in terms of IL-12 production, while IFN-gamma production by T and natural killer (NK) cells was severely impaired, even in the presence of adequate co-stimulation by exogenous IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reichenbach
- Department of Immunology/Haematology/BMT, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Zwitzerland.
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Neuber K, Mähnss B, Hübner C, Gergely H, Weichenthal M. Autoantibodies against CD28 are associated with atopic diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 146:262-9. [PMID: 17034578 PMCID: PMC1942047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The B7-1/B7-2-CD28/CTLA-4 pathway is crucial in regulating T cell activation and tolerance. Autoantibodies to surface molecules on lymphocytes have already been described in various immune conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, infections and blood transfusions. The objective of this study was to test sera from healthy individuals and from patients for association of CD28 autoantibodies with inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases. First, CD28 was obtained by digestion of CD28-Ig fusion protein with trypsin. The cleavage products were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-page gel electrophoresis. Additionally, a CD28/GST fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and was used to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of autoantibodies against CD28. Sera from healthy individuals (n = 72) and patients with different inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin diseases (n = 196) were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against CD28. Using mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), purified autoantibodies against CD28 were tested for their effects on CTLA-4-Ig-induced T cell anergy. In this study, for the first time, we describe the existence of autoantibodies against CD28 in humans which are associated with atopic diseases, e.g. allergic rhinitis and asthma. These antibodies stimulate T cells and overcome the CTLA-4-Ig-induced anergy of T cells in an MLR. The existence of autoantibodies against CD28, which may have a T cell-stimulating function, has been shown. The data indicate that autoantibodies against CD28 could be a new immunological mechanism in allergic inflammation. Additionally, autoantibodies against CD28 could be an important new marker to discriminate between atopic diseases and other inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Neuber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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