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Santos AJDC, Dias RS, Silva JD, Sousa MDP, Clarindo WR, Silva CCD, de Paula SO. Two marine sulfur-reducing bacteria co-culture is essential for productive infection by a T4-like Escherichia coli-infecting phage. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37934. [PMID: 39328515 PMCID: PMC11425119 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The control of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) challenges the oil exploration sector. The MIC results from electrochemical reactions facilitated by microorganisms such as sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which adhere to the surface of the ducts forming biofilms. SRB uses sulfate as the final electron acceptor, resulting in hydrogen sulfide as the final product, a highly reactive corrosive, and toxic compound. Due to the high diversity of the SRB group, this study evaluated the effect of an Escherichia coli phage, with biofilm degrading enzymes, in preventing biofilm formation by microbial consortium P48SEP and reducing H2S production in a complex SRB community. Three phage concentrations were evaluated (104, 108 and 1012 UFP/ml). High and medium phage concentrations prevented biofilm development, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, chemical analysis, and cell counts. In addition, the virus altered the expression pattern of some bacterial genes and the relative abundance of proteins related to biofilm formation and cell stress response. Using a complex culture formed mainly by SRB, it was possible to observe the bacterial growth, H2S, and metabolic activity reduction after the phage was added. This study shows for the first time the ability of an E. coli-infecting phage to prevent the biofilm formation of an SRB consortium and infect and replicate at high concentrations on the non-specific host. This new finding turns the use of non-specific phages a promising alternative for the control of biocorrosion in oil and gas installations, on the other side, alert to the use of large concentration of phages and the influence on bacterial groups with geological importance, opening a research field in phage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele Jéssica do Carmo Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Sousa Dias
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Duarte Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra de Paula Sousa
- Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research and Development Center, Petrobras, Av. Horácio Macedo, 950, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-915, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Canêdo da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenue Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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Burmeister AR, Tewatia H, Skinner C. A tradeoff between bacteriophage resistance and bacterial motility is mediated by the Rcs phosphorelay in Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170. [PMID: 39194382 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Across the tree of life, pleiotropy is thought to constrain adaptation through evolutionary tradeoffs. However, few examples of pleiotropy exist that are well explained at the genetic level, especially for pleiotropy that is mediated by multiple genes. Here, we describe a set of pleiotropic mutations that mediate two key fitness components in bacteria: parasite resistance and motility. We subjected Escherichia coli to strong selection by phage U136B to obtain 27 independent mucoid mutants. Mucoidy is a phenotype that results from excess exopolysaccharide and can act as a barrier against viral infection but can also interfere with other cellular functions. We quantified the mutants' phage resistance using efficiency of plaquing assays and swimming motility using swim agar plates, and we sequenced the complete genomes of all mutants to identify mucoid-causing mutations. Increased phage resistance co-occurred with decreased motility. This relationship was mediated by highly parallel (27/27) mutations to the Rcs phosphorelay pathway, which senses membrane stress to regulate exopolysaccharide production. Together, these results provide an empirical example of a pleiotropic relationship between two traits with intermediate genetic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alita R Burmeister
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Harleen Tewatia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chloé Skinner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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3
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Yu Z, Yan M, Somasundaram S. Rumen protozoa and viruses: The predators within and their functions-A mini-review. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:236-240. [PMID: 38646576 PMCID: PMC11026968 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The rumen microbiome digests plant feedstuff that would be otherwise indigestible and provides most of the metabolizable energy and protein the host animals need. Until recently, research efforts have primarily been directed to bacteria and archaea, leaving the protozoa, fungi, and viruses much less understood. Protozoa contribute to feed digestion and fermentation, but as predators, they affect the microbiome and its function by regulating the abundance and activities of other rumen microbes both in a top-down (by directly killing the prey) and bottom-up (by affecting the metabolism of other microbes) manner. Rumen viruses (or phages, used interchangeably below) are diverse and abundant but the least understood. They are also predators (intracellular "predators") because of their lytic lifecycle, although they can co-exist peacefully with their hosts and reprogram host metabolism, buttressing host ecological fitness. In doing so, rumen viruses also affect the rumen microbiome in both a top-down and a bottom-up manner. Here we review the recent advancement in understanding both types of predators, focusing on their potential impact on the rumen microbiome and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Sripoorna Somasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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4
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Marks TJ, Rowland IR. The Diversity of Bacteriophages in Hot Springs. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2738:73-88. [PMID: 37966592 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in all environments that support microbial life. This includes hot springs, which can range in temperatures between 40 and 98 °C and pH levels between 1 and 9. Bacteriophages that survive in the higher temperatures of hot springs are known as thermophages. Thermophages have developed distinct adaptations allowing for thermostability in these extreme environments, including increased G + C DNA percentages, reliance upon the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway to avoid oxidative stress, and a codon preference for those with a GNA sequence leading to increased hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds. In this review, we discuss the diversity of characterized thermophages in hot spring environments that span five viral families: Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Tectiviridae, Sphaerolipoviridae, and Inoviridae. Potential industrial and medicinal applications of thermophages will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Marks
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA.
| | - Isabella R Rowland
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC, USA
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5
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Wang H, Liu Y, Bai C, Leung SSY. Translating bacteriophage-derived depolymerases into antibacterial therapeutics: Challenges and prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:155-169. [PMID: 38239242 PMCID: PMC10792971 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Predatory bacteriophages have evolved a vast array of depolymerases for bacteria capture and deprotection. These depolymerases are enzymes responsible for degrading diverse bacterial surface carbohydrates. They are exploited as antibiofilm agents and antimicrobial adjuvants while rarely inducing bacterial resistance, making them an invaluable asset in the era of antibiotic resistance. Numerous depolymerases have been investigated preclinically, with evidence indicating that depolymerases with appropriate dose regimens can safely and effectively combat different multidrug-resistant pathogens in animal infection models. Additionally, some formulation approaches have been developed for improved stability and activity of depolymerases. However, depolymerase formulation is limited to liquid dosage form and remains in its infancy, posing a significant hurdle to their clinical translation, compounded by challenges in their applicability and manufacturing. Future development must address these obstacles for clinical utility. Here, after unravelling the history, diversity, and therapeutic use of depolymerases, we summarized the preclinical efficacy and existing formulation findings of recombinant depolymerases. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of depolymerases as therapeutics for humans were assessed to provide insights for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yannan Liu
- Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Guangdong 518055, China
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Silva EC, Rodrigues LMR, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. Newly isolated phages preying on Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae: In vitro and ex vivo inactivation studies in coffee plant leafs. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110325. [PMID: 37716050 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Coffee canker, or bacterial halo blight (BHB) of coffee, is a disease caused by the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae (Psg), having been found for the first time in 1955, in the Garça region (State of São Paulo), and which has stood out in the Brazilian coffee plantations in recent years, leading to severe economic losses that seriously affect coffee trade. The treatments available are still scarce, involving frequent spraying of coffee plantations with either copper derivatives or the antibiotic kasugamycin. However, these compounds should be avoided due to environmental toxicity and the development of bacterial resistances. Herein we report the isolation and physical/biological characterisation of two novel lytic phages and their efficacy in the control of Psg. Phages ph002F and ph004F were isolated from coffee plant leaves in Brazil (Sorocaba/SP and Itu/SP cities), using Psg IBSBF-158 as the host. According to the transmission electron microscopy analyses, both phages belong to the class Caudoviricetes and present myovirus-like morphotypes. Phages ph002F and ph004F showed eclipse times of 5 min and 20 min, respectively, and a burst size of 123 PFU/host cell and 12 PFU/host cell, respectively, allowing to conclude they replicate well in Psg IBSBF-158 with latency periods of 50 min. Phage ph002F (reduction of 4.59 log CFU/mL, compared to uninfected culture) was more effective in inactivating Psg than phage ph004F (reduction of 3.85 log CFU/mL) after 10 h of incubation at a MOI of 10. As a cocktail, the two phages were highly effective in reducing the bacterial load (reduction of 5.26 log CFU/mL at a MOI of 0.1 or reduction of 5.03 log CFU/mL at a MOI of 10, relative to untreated culture), after 12 h of treatment. This study provides evidence that the isolated phages are promising candidates against the causative agent of BHB in coffee plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica C Silva
- VBlab - Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas M R Rodrigues
- VBlab - Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Centro de café Alcides Carvalho, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- VBlab - Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- VBlab - Laboratory of Bacterial Viruses, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Maciejewska B, Squeglia F, Latka A, Privitera M, Olejniczak S, Switala P, Ruggiero A, Marasco D, Kramarska E, Drulis-Kawa Z, Berisio R. Klebsiella phage KP34gp57 capsular depolymerase structure and function: from a serendipitous finding to the design of active mini-enzymes against K. pneumoniae. mBio 2023; 14:e0132923. [PMID: 37707438 PMCID: PMC10653864 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01329-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this work, we determined the structure of Klebsiella phage KP34p57 capsular depolymerase and dissected the role of individual domains in trimerization and functional activity. The crystal structure serendipitously revealed that the enzyme can exist in a monomeric state once deprived of its C-terminal domain. Based on the crystal structure and site-directed mutagenesis, we localized the key catalytic residues in an intra-subunit deep groove. Consistently, we show that C-terminally trimmed KP34p57 variants are monomeric, stable, and fully active. The elaboration of monomeric, fully active phage depolymerases is innovative in the field, as no previous example exists. Indeed, mini phage depolymerases can be combined in chimeric enzymes to extend their activity ranges, allowing their use against multiple serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maciejewska
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Flavia Squeglia
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Latka
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mario Privitera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sebastian Olejniczak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Switala
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliza Kramarska
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rita Berisio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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Cui X, Du B, Feng J, Feng Y, Fan Z, Chen J, Cui J, Gan L, Fu T, Tian Z, Zhang R, Yan C, Zhao H, Xu W, Xu Z, Yu Z, Ding Z, Li Z, Chen Y, Xue G, Yuan J. A novel phage carrying capsule depolymerase effectively relieves pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:75. [PMID: 37653407 PMCID: PMC10470133 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella aerogenes can cause ventilator-associated pneumonia by forming biofilms, and it is frequently associated with multidrug resistance. Phages are good antibiotic alternatives with unique advantages. There has been a lack of phage therapeutic explorations, kinetic studies, and interaction mechanism research targeting K. aerogenes. METHODS Plaque assay, transmission electron microscopy and whole-genome sequencing were used to determine the biology, morphology, and genomic characteristics of the phage. A mouse pneumonia model was constructed by intratracheal/endobronchial delivery of K. aerogenes to assess the therapeutic effect of phage in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and a prokaryotic protein expression system were used to predict and identify a novel capsule depolymerase. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, Galleria mellonella larvae infection models and other experiments were performed to clarify the function of the capsule depolymerase. RESULTS A novel lytic phage (pK4-26) was isolated from hospital sewage. It was typical of the Podoviridae family and exhibited serotype specificity, high lytic activity, and high environmental adaptability. The whole genome is 40,234 bp in length and contains 49 coding domain sequences. Genomic data show that the phage does not carry antibiotic resistance, virulence, or lysogenic genes. The phage effectively lysed K. aerogenes in vivo, reducing mortality and alleviating pneumonia without promoting obvious side effects. A novel phage-derived depolymerase was predicted and proven to be able to digest the capsule, remove biofilms, reduce bacterial virulence, and sensitize the bacteria to serum killing. CONCLUSIONS The phage pK4-26 is a good antibiotic alternative and can effectively relieve pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant K. aerogenes. It carries a depolymerase that removes biofilms, reduces virulence, and improves intrinsic immune sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Bing Du
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Junxia Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jinghua Cui
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Tongtong Fu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ziyan Tian
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Wenjian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zihui Yu
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zanbo Ding
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhoufei Li
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guanhua Xue
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Yan M, Pratama AA, Somasundaram S, Li Z, Jiang Y, Sullivan MB, Yu Z. Interrogating the viral dark matter of the rumen ecosystem with a global virome database. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5254. [PMID: 37644066 PMCID: PMC10465536 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse rumen virome can modulate the rumen microbiome, but it remains largely unexplored. Here, we mine 975 published rumen metagenomes for viral sequences, create a global rumen virome database (RVD), and analyze the rumen virome for diversity, virus-host linkages, and potential roles in affecting rumen functions. Containing 397,180 species-level viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), RVD substantially increases the detection rate of rumen viruses from metagenomes compared with IMG/VR V3. Most of the classified vOTUs belong to Caudovirales, differing from those found in the human gut. The rumen virome is predicted to infect the core rumen microbiome, including fiber degraders and methanogens, carries diverse auxiliary metabolic genes, and thus likely impacts the rumen ecosystem in both a top-down and a bottom-up manner. RVD and the findings provide useful resources and a baseline framework for future research to investigate how viruses may impact the rumen ecosystem and digestive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Akbar Adjie Pratama
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sripoorna Somasundaram
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Center of Microbiome Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Jaroni D, Litt PK, Bule P, Rumbaugh K. Effectiveness of Bacteriophages against Biofilm-Forming Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli In Vitro and on Food-Contact Surfaces. Foods 2023; 12:2787. [PMID: 37509879 PMCID: PMC10378794 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Formation of biofilms on food-contact surfaces by Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) can pose a significant challenge to the food industry, making conventional control methods insufficient. Targeted use of bacteriophages to disrupt these biofilms could reduce this problem. Previously isolated and characterized bacteriophages (n = 52) were evaluated against STEC biofilms in vitro and on food-contact surfaces. (2) Methods: Phage treatments (9 logs PFU/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline were used individually or as cocktails. Biofilms of STEC (O157, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) were formed in 96-well micro-titer plates (7 logs CFU/mL; 24 h) or on stainless steel (SS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) coupons (9 logs CFU/cm2; 7 h), followed by phage treatment. Biofilm disruption was measured in vitro at 0, 3, and 6 h as a change in optical density (A595). Coupons were treated with STEC serotype-specific phage-cocktails or a 21-phage cocktail (3 phages/serotype) for 0, 3, 6, and 16 h, and surviving STEC populations were enumerated. (3) Results: Of the 52 phages, 77% showed STEC biofilm disruption in vitro. Serotype-specific phage treatments reduced pathogen population within the biofilms by 1.9-4.1 and 2.3-5.6 logs CFU/cm2, while the 21-phage cocktail reduced it by 4.0 and 4.8 logs CFU/cm2 on SS and HDPE, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Bacteriophages can be used to reduce STEC and their biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jaroni
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Pushpinder Kaur Litt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Punya Bule
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kaylee Rumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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11
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Pereira AO, Barros NMA, Guerrero BR, Emencheta SC, Baldo DÂ, Oliveira JM, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM. An Edible Biopolymeric Microcapsular Wrapping Integrating Lytic Bacteriophage Particles for Salmonella enterica: Potential for Integration into Poultry Feed. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:988. [PMID: 37370307 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work aimed at developing an edible biopolymeric microcapsular wrapping (EBMW) integrating lytic bacteriophage particles for Salmonella enterica, with potential application in poultry feed for biocontrol of that pathogen. This pathogen is known as one of the main microorganisms responsible for contamination in the food industry and in foodstuff. The current techniques for decontamination and pathogen control in the food industry can be very expensive, not very selective, and even outdated, such as the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that end up selecting resistant bacteria. Hence, there is a need for new technologies for pathogen biocontrol. In this context, bacteriophage-based biocontrol appears as a potential alternative. As a cocktail, both phages were able to significantly reduce the bacterial load after 12 h of treatment, at either multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1 and 10, by 84.3% and 87.6%, respectively. Entrapment of the phage virions within the EBMW matrix did not exert any deleterious effect upon their lytic activity. The results obtained showed high promise for integration in poultry feed aiming at controlling Salmonella enterica, since the edible biopolymeric microcapsular wrapping integrating lytic bacteriophage particles developed was successful in maintaining lytic phage viability while fully stabilizing the phage particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur O Pereira
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole M A Barros
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna R Guerrero
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen C Emencheta
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Denicezar  Baldo
- LaFiNAU-Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Oliveira
- LaFiNAU-Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Physics, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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12
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Fedorov E, Samokhin A, Kozlova Y, Kretien S, Sheraliev T, Morozova V, Tikunova N, Kiselev A, Pavlov V. Short-Term Outcomes of Phage-Antibiotic Combination Treatment in Adult Patients with Periprosthetic Hip Joint Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020499. [PMID: 36851713 PMCID: PMC9964274 DOI: 10.3390/v15020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are the most costly problem in modern orthopedics due to the continued increase in the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains that requires the development of new effective antimicrobials. A non-randomized, prospective, open-label, with historical control study on the use of combined phage/antibiotic therapy of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) was carried out. Forty-five adult patients with deep PJI of the hip joint were involved in the study, with a 12-month follow-up after one-stage revision surgery. Patients from a prospective study group (SG, n = 23) were treated with specific phage preparation and etiotropic antibiotics, whereas patients from a retrospective comparator group (CG, n = 22) received antibiotics only. The rate of PJI relapses in the SG was eight times less than that in the CG: one case (4.5%) versus eight cases (36.4%), p = 0.021. The response rate to treatment was 95.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.7511-0.9976) in the SG and only 63.6% (95% CI = 0.4083-0.8198) in the CG. The odds ratio for PJI relapse in patients of the SG was 0.083 (95% CI = 0.009-0.742), which was almost 12 times lower than that in the CG. The obtained results support the efficacy of the combined phage-antibiotic treatment of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeny Fedorov
- Orthopedics Department, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Samokhin
- Biotechnology Department, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Yulia Kozlova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kretien
- Orthopedics Department, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Taalai Sheraliev
- Orthopedics Department, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera Morozova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina Tikunova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.T.)
| | - Alexey Kiselev
- Biostatistics Department, Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 192019 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vitaliy Pavlov
- Orthopedics Department, Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia
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13
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Zaki BM, Fahmy NA, Aziz RK, Samir R, El-Shibiny A. Characterization and comprehensive genome analysis of novel bacteriophage, vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p, with lytic and anti-biofilm potential against clinical multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1077995. [PMID: 36756618 PMCID: PMC9901506 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1077995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise of infections by antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens is alarming. Among these, Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of death by hospital-acquired infections, and its multidrug-resistant strains are flagged as a global threat to human health, which necessitates finding novel antibiotics or alternative therapies. One promising therapeutic alternative is the use of virulent bacteriophages, which specifically target bacteria and coevolve with them to overcome potential resistance. Here, we aimed to discover specific bacteriophages with therapeutic potential against multiresistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Methods and Results Out of six bacteriophages that we isolated from urban and medical sewage, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p had the broadest host range and was thus characterized in detail. Transmission electron microscopy suggests vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p to be a tailed phage of the siphoviral morphotype. In vitro evaluation indicated a high lytic efficiency (30 min latent period and burst size of ∼100 PFU/cell), and extended stability at temperatures up to 70°C and a wide range of (2-12) pH. Additionally, phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p possesses antibiofilm activity that was evaluated by the crystal violet assay and was not cytotoxic to human skin fibroblasts. The whole genome was sequenced and annotated, uncovering one tRNA gene and 33 genes encoding proteins with assigned functions out of 85 predicted genes. Furthermore, comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis suggest that vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p most likely represents a new species, but belongs to the same genus as Klebsiella phages ZCKP8 and 6691. Comprehensive genomic and bioinformatics analyses substantiate the safety of the phage and its strictly lytic lifestyle. Conclusion Phage vB_Kpn_ZCKp20p is a novel phage with potential to be used against biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae and could be a promising source for antibacterial and antibiofilm products, which will be individually studied experimentally in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October, Giza, Egypt
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada A. Fahmy
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ramy Karam Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Research Program, Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Samir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, Egypt
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14
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Bolsan AC, Rodrigues HC, Abilhôa HCZ, Hollas CE, Venturin B, Gabiatti NC, Bortoli M, Kunz A, De Prá MC. Bacteriophages in wastewater treatment: can they be an approach to optimize biological treatment processes? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89889-89898. [PMID: 36367646 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24000-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the applications of bacteriophages and the advantages of using these viruses to control undesirable organisms in wastewater treatment plants. Based on this, this paper reviewed the literature on the subject by performing a bibliometric and scientometric analysis of articles published in peer-reviewed journals through 2021. We obtained 806 publications, of which 40% were published in the last 5 years, demonstrating an increase in interest in the subject. These articles analyzed, bacteriophages in treatment plants were strongly linked to bacteria such as Escherichia coli and related to disinfection, inactivation, sewage, and wastewater, in addition, biocontrol studies have gained prominence in recent years, particularly due to the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. Studies have shown that bacteriophages have great potential for application in treatment systems to control unwanted processes and act as valuable economic and environmental tools to improve the efficiency of various treatment technologies. Although these viruses have already been studied in various applications to optimize treatment plant processes, technology transfer remains a challenge due to the limitations of the technique-such as physicochemical factors related to the environment-and the complexity of biological systems. The research focusing on application strategies in conjunction with molecular biology techniques can expand this study area, enabling the discovery of new bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chiapetti Bolsan
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, UTFPR-DV/PPGBIOTEC-DV, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Campeão Rodrigues
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, UTFPR-DV/PPGBIOTEC-DV, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Hélen Caroline Zonta Abilhôa
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Francisco Beltrão, UTFPR-FB/PPGEA-FB, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Ester Hollas
- Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno Venturin
- Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Naiana Cristine Gabiatti
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, UTFPR-DV/PPGBIOTEC-DV, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bortoli
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Francisco Beltrão, UTFPR-FB/PPGEA-FB, Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Airton Kunz
- Universidade Estadual Do Oeste Do Paraná, UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos E Aves, Concórdia, SC, 89715-899, Brazil
| | - Marina Celant De Prá
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, UTFPR-DV/PPGBIOTEC-DV, Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil.
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15
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Anju VT, Busi S, Imchen M, Kumavath R, Mohan MS, Salim SA, Subhaswaraj P, Dyavaiah M. Polymicrobial Infections and Biofilms: Clinical Significance and Eradication Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121731. [PMID: 36551388 PMCID: PMC9774821 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are population of cells growing in a coordinated manner and exhibiting resistance towards hostile environments. The infections associated with biofilms are difficult to control owing to the chronicity of infections and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Most microbial infections are contributed by polymicrobial or mixed species interactions, such as those observed in chronic wound infections, otitis media, dental caries, and cystic fibrosis. This review focuses on the polymicrobial interactions among bacterial-bacterial, bacterial-fungal, and fungal-fungal aggregations based on in vitro and in vivo models and different therapeutic interventions available for polymicrobial biofilms. Deciphering the mechanisms of polymicrobial interactions and microbial diversity in chronic infections is very helpful in anti-microbial research. Together, we have discussed the role of metagenomic approaches in studying polymicrobial biofilms. The outstanding progress made in polymicrobial research, especially the model systems and application of metagenomics for detecting, preventing, and controlling infections, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kerala 671316, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mahima S. Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Simi Asma Salim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Pattnaik Subhaswaraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur 768019, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
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16
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Balcão VM, Belline BG, Silva EC, Almeida PFFB, Baldo DÂ, Amorim LRP, Oliveira Júnior JM, Vila MMDC, Del Fiol FS. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Two Novel Lytic Bacteriophages for the Biocontrol of Escherichia coli in Uterine Infections: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Preliminary Studies in Veterinary Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2344. [PMID: 36365162 PMCID: PMC9692438 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli is one of the etiological agents responsible for pyometra in female dogs, with conventional treatment involving ovariohysterectomy. Here, we report the isolation and full characterization of two novel lytic phages, viz. vB_EcoM_Uniso11 (ph0011) and vB_EcoM_Uniso21 (ph0021). Both phages belong to the order Caudovirales and present myovirus-like morphotypes, with phage ph0011 being classified as Myoviridae genus Asteriusvirus and phage ph0021 being classified as Myoviridae genus Tequatrovirus, based on their complete genome sequences. The 348,288 bp phage ph0011 and 165,222 bp phage ph0021 genomes do not encode toxins, integrases or antimicrobial resistance genes neither depolymerases related sequences. Both phages were shown to be effective against at least twelve E. coli clinical isolates in in vitro antibacterial activity assays. Based on their features, both phages have potential for controlling pyometra infections caused by E. coli. Phage ph0011 (reduction of 4.24 log CFU/mL) was more effective than phage ph0021 (reduction of 1.90 log CFU/mL) after 12 h of incubation at MOI 1000. As a cocktail, the two phages were highly effective in reducing the bacterial load (reduction of 5.57 log CFU/mL) at MOI 100, after 12 h of treatment. Both phages were structurally and functionally stabilized in vaginal egg formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Balcão
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology and CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bianca G. Belline
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Erica C. Silva
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Pablo F. F. B. Almeida
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Denicezar Â. Baldo
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Lara R. P. Amorim
- Department of Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M. Oliveira Júnior
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Marta M. D. C. Vila
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando S. Del Fiol
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
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17
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Lisac A, Birsa E, Podgornik A. E. coli biofilm formation and its susceptibility towards T4 bacteriophages studied in a continuously operating mixing - tubular bioreactor system. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2450-2463. [PMID: 35638465 PMCID: PMC9437887 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A system consisting of a connected mixed and tubular bioreactor was designed to study bacterial biofilm formation and the effect of its exposure to bacteriophages under different experimental conditions. The bacterial biofilm inside silicone tubular bioreactor was formed during the continuous pumping of bacterial cells at a constant physiological state for 2 h and subsequent washing with a buffer for 24 h. Monitoring bacterial and bacteriophage concentration along the tubular bioreactor was performed via a piercing method. The presence of biofilm and planktonic cells was demonstrated by combining the piercing method, measurement of planktonic cell concentration at the tubular bioreactor outlet, and optical microscopy. The planktonic cell formation rate was found to be 8.95 × 10-3 h-1 and increased approximately four-fold (4×) after biofilm exposure to an LB medium. Exposure of bacterial biofilm to bacteriophages in the LB medium resulted in a rapid decrease of biofilm and planktonic cell concentration, to below the detection limit within < 2 h. When bacteriophages were supplied in the buffer, only a moderate decrease in the concentration of both bacterial cell types was observed. After biofilm washing with buffer to remove unadsorbed bacteriophages, its exposure to the LB medium (without bacteriophages) resulted in a rapid decrease in bacterial concentration: again below the detection limit in < 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lisac
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologyUniversity of LjubljanaVečna pot113LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Elfi Birsa
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologyUniversity of LjubljanaVečna pot113LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Aleš Podgornik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologyUniversity of LjubljanaVečna pot113LjubljanaSlovenia
- COBIKMirce 215270AjdovščinaSlovenia
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18
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Mukherjee S, Jana S, Khawas S, Kicuntod J, Marschall M, Ray B, Ray S. Synthesis, molecular features and biological activities of modified plant polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Balcão VM, Moreli FC, Silva EC, Belline BG, Martins LF, Rossi FPN, Pereira C, Vila MMDC, da Silva AM. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Lytic Bacteriophage That Inactivates MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071421. [PMID: 35890314 PMCID: PMC9324672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae emphasizes the urgent need of new therapeutic strategies for the control of this pathogen. There is growing interest in the use of bacteriophages (or phages) to treat K. pneumoniae infections, and newly isolated phages are needed. Here, we report the isolation and physical/biological/molecular characterization of a novel lytic phage and its efficacy in the control of MDR K. pneumoniae. The phage vB_KpnS_Uniso31, referred to hereafter as phage Kpn31, was isolated from hospital wastewater using K. pneumoniae CCCD-K001 as the host. Phage Kpn31 presents a siphovirus-like morphotype and was classified as Demerecviridae; Sugarlandvirus based on its complete genome sequence. The 113,444 bp Kpn31 genome does not encode known toxins or antimicrobial resistance genes, nor does it encode depolymerases related sequences. Phage Kpn31 showed an eclipse time of 15 min and a burst size of 9.12 PFU/host cell, allowing us to conclude it replicates well in K. pneumoniae CCCD-K001 with a latency period of 30 min. Phage Kpn31 was shown to be effective against at least six MDR K. pneumoniae clinical isolates in in vitro antibacterial activity assays. Based on its features, phage Kpn31 has potential for controlling infections caused by MDR K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Balcão
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
- Department of Biology and CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernanda C Moreli
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Erica C Silva
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca G Belline
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Layla F Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando P N Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- PhageLab, Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Aline M da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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20
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Sun Z, Yu T, Cao X, Gao L, Pang Q, Liu B, Deng H. Identification and characterization of Deoxyribonuclease II in planarian Dugesia japonica. Gene 2022; 826:146464. [PMID: 35358655 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) has been found to regulate inflammation, autoimmunity and apoptosis in vertebrates and invertebrates. The strong capacity of degrading DNA makes DNase II play an important role in the immune process. Planarian has become one of the model references due to its strong immune system, the environment they live makes planarians face the threat of microorganisms and injury, the strong immune system can protect planarians from the threat of bacterial and infection. In this study, we found that there was DNase in the lysis buffer of planarians, then we acquired the sequence of DjDN2s (Dugesia japonica DNase2s) and confirmed the DjDN2s were conserved DNase IIs. The predicted structure showed the active sites and binding patterns of DjDN2s. Whole-mount in situ hybridization results showed DjDN2s mainly expressed in immune organs. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the expression of DjDN2s upregulated in varying degrees when got hurt and challenged with bacteria, and the knockdown of DjDN2s led to the slower repair of wound. The recombinant phages which take DjDN2 also had the ability to degrade DNA and clear young biofilm of Gram-negative bacteria. Collectively, DNase II of planarian might play a role in the antimicrobial response and wound-induced response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Tong Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Lili Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Baohua Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shenzhen University of Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.
| | - Hongkuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
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21
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Rai S, Kumar A. Bacteriophage therapeutics to confront multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii - a global health menace. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:347-364. [PMID: 34196126 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have already entered the post-antibiotic era as the outbreaks of numerous multidrug-resistant strains in the community as well as hospital-acquired infections are ringing alarm bells in the health sector. Acinetobacter baumannii is one such pathogen that has been considered a worldwide threat as it acquires multidrug resistance. It is one of the most challenging hospital-acquired pathogens as World Health Organization has listed carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii as a critical priority pathogen with limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need to develop novel strategies against such pathogens to tackle the global crisis. Bacteriophages (phages), especially the lytic ones have re-emerged as a potential therapeutic approach. This review encompasses vast majority of phages against A. baumannii strains with special references related to single phage or monophage therapy, use of phage cocktails, combination therapy with antibiotics, use of phage-derived enzymes like endolysins and depolymerases to combat the pathogen and explore their therapeutic aspects. The concurrent ecological as well as evolutionary interplay between the phages and host bacteria demands in depth-research and knowledge, so as to utilize the maximum potential of the bacteriophage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Rai
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Amod Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
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22
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A Review of Cyanophage–Host Relationships: Highlighting Cyanophages as a Potential Cyanobacteria Control Strategy. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060385. [PMID: 35737046 PMCID: PMC9229316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are naturally occurring phenomena, and cyanobacteria are the most commonly occurring HABs in freshwater systems. Cyanobacteria HABs (cyanoHABs) negatively affect ecosystems and drinking water resources through the production of potent toxins. Furthermore, the frequency, duration, and distribution of cyanoHABs are increasing, and conditions that favor cyanobacteria growth are predicted to increase in the coming years. Current methods for mitigating cyanoHABs are generally short-lived and resource-intensive, and have negative impacts on non-target species. Cyanophages (viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria) have the potential to provide a highly specific control strategy with minimal impacts on non-target species and propagation in the environment. A detailed review (primarily up to 2020) of cyanophage lifecycle, diversity, and factors influencing infectivity is provided in this paper, along with a discussion of cyanophage and host cyanobacteria relationships for seven prominent cyanoHAB-forming genera in North America, including: Synechococcus, Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Planktothrix, and Lyngbya. Lastly, factors affecting the potential application of cyanophages as a cyanoHAB control strategy are discussed, including efficacy considerations, optimization, and scalability for large-scale applications.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessments of Two Newly Isolated Bacteriophages against an ST13 Urinary Tract Infection Klebsiella pneumoniae. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051079. [PMID: 35632820 PMCID: PMC9144312 DOI: 10.3390/v14051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a major public health concern requiring new alternatives including phage therapy. Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to the ESKAPE bacteria and can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aims of this study were to isolate and characterize new bacteriophages against a K. pneumoniae strain isolated from UTIs and to assess their efficacy in vitro and in vivo in a Galleria (G.) mellonella larvae model. For this purpose, two bacteriophages were newly isolated against an ST13 K. pneumoniae strain isolated from a UTI and identified as K3 capsular types by wzi gene PCR. Genomic analysis showed that these bacteriophages, named vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp1 and vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp2, belong to the Drulisvirus genus. Bacteriophage vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp1 had the narrowest host spectrum (targeting only K3), while vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp2 also infected other Klebsiella types. Short adsorption times and latent periods were observed for both bacteriophages. In vivo experiments showed their ability to replicate in G. mellonella larvae and to decrease host bacterial titers. Moreover, both bacteriophages improved the survival of the infected larvae. In conclusion, these two bacteriophages had different in vitro properties and showed in vivo efficacy in a G. mellonella model with a better efficiency for vB_KpnP_K3-ULINTkp2.
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24
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Kebriaei R, Lev KL, Shah RM, Stamper KC, Holger DJ, Morrisette T, Kunz Coyne AJ, Lehman SM, Rybak MJ. Eradication of Biofilm-Mediated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections In Vitro: Bacteriophage-Antibiotic Combination. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0041122. [PMID: 35348366 PMCID: PMC9045164 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00411-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are difficult to eradicate and can complicate many infections by forming on tissues and medical devices. Phage+antibiotic combinations (PAC) may be more active on biofilms than either type of agent alone, but it is difficult to predict which PAC regimens will be reliably effective. To establish a method for screening PAC combinations against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, we conducted biofilm time-kill analyses (TKA) using various combinations of phage Sb-1 with clinically relevant antibiotics. We determined the activity of PAC against biofilm versus planktonic bacteria and investigated the emergence of resistance during (24 h) exposure to PAC. As expected, fewer treatment regimens were effective against biofilm than planktonic bacteria. In experiments with isogenic strain pairs, we also saw less activity of PACs against DNS-VISA mutants versus their respective parentals. The most effective treatment against both biofilm and planktonic bacteria was the phage+daptomycin+ceftaroline regimen, which met our stringent definition of bactericidal activity (>3 log10 CFU/mL reduction). With the VISA-DNS strain 8015 and DNS strain 684, we detected anti-biofilm synergy between Sb-1 and DAP in the phage+daptomycin regimen (>2 log10 CFU/mL reduction versus best single agent). We did not observe any bacterial resensitization to antibiotics following treatment, but phage resistance was avoided after exposure to PAC regimens for all tested strains. The release of bacterial membrane vesicles tended to be either unaffected or reduced by the various treatment regimens. Interestingly, phage yields from certain biofilm experiments were greater than from similar planktonic experiments, suggesting that Sb-1 might be more efficiently propagated on biofilm. IMPORTANCE Biofilm-associated multidrug-resistant infections pose significant challenges for antibiotic therapy. The extracellular polymeric matrix of biofilms presents an impediment for antibiotic diffusion, facilitating the emergence of multidrug-resistant populations. Some bacteriophages (phages) can move across the biofilm matrix, degrade it, and support antibiotic penetration. However, little is known about how phages and their hosts interact in the biofilm environment or how different phage+antibiotic combinations (PACs) impact biofilms in comparison to the planktonic state of bacteria, though scattered data suggest that phage+antibiotic synergy occurs more readily under biofilm-like conditions. Our results demonstrated that phage Sb-1 can infect MRSA strains both in biofilm and planktonic states and suggested PAC regimens worthy of further investigation as adjuncts to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Kebriaei
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Katherine L Lev
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Rahi M Shah
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyle C Stamper
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dana J Holger
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Taylor Morrisette
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashlan J Kunz Coyne
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan M Lehman
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Rybak
- Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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25
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Lu B, Yao X, Han G, Luo Z, Zhang J, Yong K, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang Z, Ren M, Cao S. Isolation of Klebsiella pneumoniae Phage vB_KpnS_MK54 and Pathological Assessment of Endolysin in the Treatment of Pneumonia Mice Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:854908. [PMID: 35387089 PMCID: PMC8978833 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.854908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improper use of antibiotics, an increasing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria have been reported worldwide, posing challenges for disease treatment. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important zoonotic pathogen that colonises the respiratory tract. Endolysin therapy has emerged with the development of phages. In this study, a lytic phage vB_KpnS_MK54 was isolated from the drinking water of a forest musk deer (FMD) farm in Sichuan Province. It was the first reported phage obtained from FMD. The primary biological characteristics were determined, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed. The phage which belongs to the family Siphoviridae is highly specific for lytic host bacteria and is moderately adaptable to different environments. Whole-genome sequencing results showed that the phage genome size was 46,218 bp. There were 80 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) in total, 32 of which had known functions. The last CDS is the phage endolysin LysG24. A new peptide-modified endolysin (LysCA) was constituted by connecting the cecropin A peptide residues with LysG24 to investigate the antibacterial activities of both LysG24 and LysCA. The results showed that the lytic profile of LysG24 and LysCA was wider than that of phage MK54. For in vitro tests, both endolysins destroyed 99% of the host bacteria within 6 h. The lysing ability and environmental adaptability of LysCA were significantly stronger than those of LysG24. For in vivo tests, LysG24 and LysCA exhibited therapeutic effects in a mouse model of pneumonia wherewith the mice were infected with K. pneumoniae (LPKP), wherein both LysG24 and LysCA can effectively reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response. The LPKP bacterial load in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the bacterial group, among which LysCA displayed a more obvious therapeutic effect. Furthermore, the safety test showed that the endolysins had no toxic effects on mice. In general, both LysG24 and LysCA showed excellent antibacterial activity in vivo and in vitro, with high safety and strong adaptability to the environment, manifesting their latent potential as new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zidan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieru Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Yong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Meishen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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26
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Łusiak-Szelachowska M, Międzybrodzki R, Drulis-Kawa Z, Cater K, Knežević P, Winogradow C, Amaro K, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Rękas J, Górski A. Bacteriophages and antibiotic interactions in clinical practice: what we have learned so far. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:23. [PMID: 35354477 PMCID: PMC8969238 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) may be used as an alternative to antibiotic therapy for combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. In the last decades, there have been studies concerning the use of phages and antibiotics separately or in combination both in animal models as well as in humans. The phenomenon of phage–antibiotic synergy, in which antibiotics may induce the production of phages by bacterial hosts has been observed. The potential mechanisms of phage and antibiotic synergy was presented in this paper. Studies of a biofilm model showed that a combination of phages with antibiotics may increase removal of bacteria and sequential treatment, consisting of phage administration followed by an antibiotic, was most effective in eliminating biofilms. In vivo studies predominantly show the phenomenon of phage and antibiotic synergy. A few studies also describe antagonism or indifference between phages and antibiotics. Recent papers regarding the application of phages and antibiotics in patients with severe bacterial infections show the effectiveness of simultaneous treatment with both antimicrobials on the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Medical Center of the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Drulis-Kawa
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, University of Wrocław, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kathryn Cater
- Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Petar Knežević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Cyprian Winogradow
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Medical Center of the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Rękas
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Phage Therapy Unit, Medical Center of the Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.,Infant Jesus Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Danis-Wlodarczyk KM, Wozniak DJ, Abedon ST. Treating Bacterial Infections with Bacteriophage-Based Enzybiotics: In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Application. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1497. [PMID: 34943709 PMCID: PMC8698926 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a surge around the world in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This global health threat arose mainly due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as a relative lack of new drug classes in development pipelines. Innovative antibacterial therapeutics and strategies are, therefore, in grave need. For the last twenty years, antimicrobial enzymes encoded by bacteriophages, viruses that can lyse and kill bacteria, have gained tremendous interest. There are two classes of these phage-derived enzymes, referred to also as enzybiotics: peptidoglycan hydrolases (lysins), which degrade the bacterial peptidoglycan layer, and polysaccharide depolymerases, which target extracellular or surface polysaccharides, i.e., bacterial capsules, slime layers, biofilm matrix, or lipopolysaccharides. Their features include distinctive modes of action, high efficiency, pathogen specificity, diversity in structure and activity, low possibility of bacterial resistance development, and no observed cross-resistance with currently used antibiotics. Additionally, and unlike antibiotics, enzybiotics can target metabolically inactive persister cells. These phage-derived enzymes have been tested in various animal models to combat both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and in recent years peptidoglycan hydrolases have entered clinical trials. Here, we review the testing and clinical use of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Stephen T. Abedon
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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28
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Alharbi NM, Ziadi MM. Wastewater as a fertility source for novel bacteriophages against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4358-4364. [PMID: 34354420 PMCID: PMC8324929 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a common and serious public health worldwide. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers one of the best solutions to antibiotic resistance. Bacteriophages survive where their bacterial hosts are found; thus, they exist in almost all environments and their applications are quite varied in the medical, environmental, and industrial fields. Moreover, a single phage or a mixture of phages can be used in phage therapy; mixed phages tend to be more effective in reducing the number and/or activity of pathogenic bacteria than that of a single phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwa M. Alharbi
- College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Ning H, Lin H, Wang J, He X, Lv X, Ju L. Characterizations of the endolysin Lys84 and its domains from phage qdsa002 with high activities against Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilms. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109809. [PMID: 34116743 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and its biofilms are great threats in the food industry. Bacteriophage-encoded endolysins are promising tools to inhibit pathogens and to eliminate their biofilms. In this work, a virulent phage qdsa002 against S. aureus ATCC43300 (MRSA) was isolated, and the phage's endolysin (Lys84) and its domains were expressed and purified. Morphological and genome analyses demonstrated that qdsa002 is a Twort-like phage from Myoviridae. Lys84 contains two catalytic domains (CHAP and Amidase_2) and one cell binding domain (SH3b). This endolysin exhibits a strong lytic activity against S. aureus and has a wider bactericidal spectrum than qdsa002. Moreover, Lys84 exceed 10 μM effectively removed around 90 % of the biofilms of S. aureus. Besides, CHAP and Amidase_2 domains remained 61.20 % and 59.46 % of lytic activity as well as 84.31 % and 70.11 % of anti-biofilm activity of Lys84, respectively. The lytic and anti-biofilm activities of the combination of CHAP and Amidase_2 were close to 90 % of those of Lys84. These results indicated that Lys84 and its domains might be alternative antimicrobials for controlling S. aureus and its biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqi Ning
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China.
| | - Xuebing He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Lei Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
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30
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Łubkowska B, Jeżewska-Frąckowiak J, Sobolewski I, Skowron PM. Bacteriophages of Thermophilic ' Bacillus Group' Bacteria-A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1522. [PMID: 34361957 PMCID: PMC8303945 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages of thermophiles are of increasing interest owing to their important roles in many biogeochemical, ecological processes and in biotechnology applications, including emerging bionanotechnology. However, due to lack of in-depth investigation, they are underrepresented in the known prokaryotic virosphere. Therefore, there is a considerable potential for the discovery of novel bacteriophage-host systems in various environments: marine and terrestrial hot springs, compost piles, soil, industrial hot waters, among others. This review aims at providing a reference compendium of thermophages characterized thus far, which infect the species of thermophilic 'Bacillus group' bacteria, mostly from Geobacillus sp. We have listed 56 thermophages, out of which the majority belong to the Siphoviridae family, others belong to the Myoviridae and Podoviridae families and, apparently, a few belong to the Sphaerolipoviridae, Tectiviridae or Corticoviridae families. All of their genomes are composed of dsDNA, either linear, circular or circularly permuted. Fourteen genomes have been sequenced; their sizes vary greatly from 35,055 bp to an exceptionally large genome of 160,590 bp. We have also included our unpublished data on TP-84, which infects Geobacillus stearothermophilus (G. stearothermophilus). Since the TP-84 genome sequence shows essentially no similarity to any previously characterized bacteriophage, we have defined TP-84 as a new species in the newly proposed genus Tp84virus within the Siphoviridae family. The information summary presented here may be helpful in comparative deciphering of the molecular basis of the thermophages' biology, biotechnology and in analyzing the environmental aspects of the thermophages' effect on the thermophile community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Łubkowska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.-F.); (I.S.); (P.M.S.)
- The High School of Health in Gdansk, Pelplinska 7, 80-335 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Jeżewska-Frąckowiak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.-F.); (I.S.); (P.M.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Sobolewski
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.-F.); (I.S.); (P.M.S.)
| | - Piotr M. Skowron
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (J.J.-F.); (I.S.); (P.M.S.)
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31
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Improving Phage-Biofilm In Vitro Experimentation. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061175. [PMID: 34205417 PMCID: PMC8234374 DOI: 10.3390/v13061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages or phages, the viruses of bacteria, are abundant components of most ecosystems, including those where bacteria predominantly occupy biofilm niches. Understanding the phage impact on bacterial biofilms therefore can be crucial toward understanding both phage and bacterial ecology. Here, we take a critical look at the study of bacteriophage interactions with bacterial biofilms as carried out in vitro, since these studies serve as bases of our ecological and therapeutic understanding of phage impacts on biofilms. We suggest that phage-biofilm in vitro experiments often may be improved in terms of both design and interpretation. Specific issues discussed include (a) not distinguishing control of new biofilm growth from removal of existing biofilm, (b) inadequate descriptions of phage titers, (c) artificially small overlying fluid volumes, (d) limited explorations of treatment dosing and duration, (e) only end-point rather than kinetic analyses, (f) importance of distinguishing phage enzymatic from phage bacteriolytic anti-biofilm activities, (g) limitations of biofilm biomass determinations, (h) free-phage interference with viable-count determinations, and (i) importance of experimental conditions. Toward bettering understanding of the ecology of bacteriophage-biofilm interactions, and of phage-mediated biofilm disruption, we discuss here these various issues as well as provide tips toward improving experiments and their reporting.
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32
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Townsend EM, Kelly L, Muscatt G, Box JD, Hargraves N, Lilley D, Jameson E. The Human Gut Phageome: Origins and Roles in the Human Gut Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:643214. [PMID: 34150671 PMCID: PMC8213399 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.643214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the microbial populations of the human body, known as the microbiome, has led to a revolutionary field of science, and understanding of its impacts on human development and health. The majority of microbiome research to date has focussed on bacteria and other kingdoms of life, such as fungi. Trailing behind these is the interrogation of the gut viruses, specifically the phageome. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacterial hosts, are known to dictate the dynamics and diversity of bacterial populations in a number of ecosystems. However, the phageome of the human gut, while of apparent importance, remains an area of many unknowns. In this paper we discuss the role of bacteriophages within the human gut microbiome. We examine the methods used to study bacteriophage populations, how this evolved over time and what we now understand about the phageome. We review the phageome development in infancy, and factors that may influence phage populations in adult life. The role and action of the phageome is then discussed at both a biological-level, and in the broader context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Townsend
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Kelly
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - George Muscatt
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D Box
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Hargraves
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lilley
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Jameson
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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33
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Jakubovics NS, Goodman SD, Mashburn-Warren L, Stafford GP, Cieplik F. The dental plaque biofilm matrix. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:32-56. [PMID: 33690911 PMCID: PMC9413593 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Mashburn-Warren
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Graham P Stafford
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Townsend EM, Kelly L, Gannon L, Muscatt G, Dunstan R, Michniewski S, Sapkota H, Kiljunen SJ, Kolsi A, Skurnik M, Lithgow T, Millard AD, Jameson E. Isolation and Characterization of Klebsiella Phages for Phage Therapy. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2021; 2:26-42. [PMID: 33796863 PMCID: PMC8006926 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Klebsiella is a clinically important pathogen causing a variety of antimicrobial resistant infections in both community and nosocomial settings, particularly pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy is being considered a primary option for the treatment of drug-resistant infections of these types. Methods: We report the successful isolation and characterization of 30 novel, genetically diverse Klebsiella phages. Results: The isolated phages span six different phage families and nine genera, representing both lysogenic and lytic lifestyles. Individual Klebsiella phage isolates infected up to 11 of the 18 Klebsiella capsule types tested, and all 18 capsule-types were infected by at least one of the phages. Conclusions: Of the Klebsiella-infecting phages presented in this study, the lytic phages are most suitable for phage therapy, based on their broad host range, high virulence, short lysis period and given that they encode no known toxin or antimicrobial resistance genes. Phage isolates belonging to the Sugarlandvirus and Slopekvirus genera were deemed most suitable for phage therapy based on our characterization. Importantly, when applied alone, none of the characterized phages were able to suppress the growth of Klebsiella for more than 12 h, likely due to the inherent ease of Klebsiella to generate spontaneous phage-resistant mutants. This indicates that for successful phage therapy, a cocktail of multiple phages would be necessary to treat Klebsiella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M. Townsend
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Gannon
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - George Muscatt
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys Dunstan
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Slawomir Michniewski
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hari Sapkota
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Saija J. Kiljunen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kolsi
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Trevor Lithgow
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Millard
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Jameson
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Manoharadas S, Altaf M, Alrefaei AF, Hussain SA, Devasia RM, Badjah Hadj AYM, Abuhasil MSA. Microscopic analysis of the inhibition of staphylococcal biofilm formation by Escherichia coli and the disruption of preformed staphylococcal biofilm by bacteriophage. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1513-1521. [PMID: 33470479 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The formation of bacterial biofilms is a severely encountered problem in clinical and industrial settings. Most of the naturally occurring bacterial strains are capable of forming mono or mixed biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the potentiality of three clinically relevant species in forming mono and mixed biofilms over glass surface. In addition, we also appraised the efficiency of bacteriophages in alleviating preformed mono and mixed biofilm. Our initial study focused on the ability of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in forming biofilm on glass cover slip. All the three strains were able to form mono biofilm, although at varying intensities. Interestingly, E. coli inhibited the formation of S. aureus biofilm in a mixed culture. Specific bacteriophages ɸ44AHJD and ɸX174 completely disrupted S. aureus and E. coli preformed biofilm structure after 72 hr of incubation. However, addition of either of the bacteriophage to the mixed E. coli-S. aureus promoted the formation of biofilm by the alternate strain that was not affected by the phage. Our findings elicit the potentiality of common bacterial strains in forming biofilms on smooth glass surface. In addition, these results are very promising for the development of effective drugs using intact bacteriophages for the removal of complicated bacterial biofilms formed in clinically relevant glass surfaces. The observations further complemented the earlier finding of competitive inhibition of S. aureus biofilm development by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Central Laboratory, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, Central Laboratory, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Central Laboratory, King Saud University, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Mamkulathil Devasia
- Department of Molecular Biology, SCMS Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Mohammed Saeed Ali Abuhasil
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Xiao M, Fu X, Wei X, Chi Y, Gao W, Yu Y, Liu Z, Zhu C, Mou H. Structural characterization of fucose-containing disaccharides prepared from exopolysaccharides of Enterobacter sakazakii. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117139. [PMID: 33183598 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fucose-containing oligosaccharides (FCOs) have important applications in the food, medicine, and cosmetics industries owing to their unique biological activities. The degradation of microbial fucose-containing exopolysaccharide (FcEPS) is a promising strategy for obtaining FCOs, and bacteriophage-borne glycanase is a useful tool for degrading FcEPS. Here, we aimed to obtain FCOs using bacteriophage-borne glycanase to depolymerize FcEPS from Enterobacter sakazakii. The FcEPS was mainly composed of l-fucose (42.72 %), d-galactose (20.59 %), and d-glucose (21.81 %). Based on the results of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry, the obtained FCOs were disaccharide fragments with backbones of β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-β-l-Fucp and α-d-Galp-(1→3)-β-l-Fucp, respectively. So far, few studies of disaccharides prepared from FcEPS have been reported. This study demonstrated that the FcEPS of E. sakazakii was a reliable fucose-containing disaccharide source and that bacteriophage-borne glycanase was an effective degradation tool for obtaining FCOs fragments from FcEPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xinyi Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yongzhou Chi
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, PR China.
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Zurabov F, Zhilenkov E. Characterization of four virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteriophages, and evaluation of their potential use in complex phage preparation. Virol J 2021; 18:9. [PMID: 33407669 PMCID: PMC7789013 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, hundreds of thousands of deaths per year are caused by antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections and the prognosis for future years is much worse, as evidenced by modern research. Bacteria of the Klebsiella genus are one of the main pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. Among the many antimicrobials offered to replace or supplement traditional antibiotics, bacteriophages are promising candidates. Methods This article presents microbiological, physicochemical and genomic characterization of 4 virulent bacteriophages belonging to Siphoviridae, Myoviridae and Podoviridae families. Phages were studied by electron microscopy; their host range, lytic activity, adsorption rate, burst size, latent period, frequency of phage-resistant forms generation, lysis dynamics and sensitivity of phage particles to temperature and pH were identified; genomes of all 4 bacteriophages were studied by restriction digestion and complete genome sequence. Results Studied phages showed wide host range and high stability at different temperature and pH values. In contrast with single phages, a cocktail of bacteriophages lysed all studied bacterial strains, moreover, no cases of the emergence of phage-resistant bacterial colonies were detected. Genomic data proved that isolated viruses do not carry antibiotic resistance, virulence or lysogenic genes. Three out of four bacteriophages encode polysaccharide depolymerases, which are involved in the degradation of biofilms and capsules. Conclusions The bacteriophages studied in this work are promising for further in vivo studies and might be used in phage therapy as part of a complex therapeutic and prophylactic phage preparation. The conducted studies showed that the complex preparation is more effective than individual phages. The use of the complex phage cocktail allows to extend the lytic spectrum, and significantly reduces the possibility of phage-resistant forms generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Zurabov
- Research and Production Center "MicroMir", LLC, Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Virology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Abdelhamid AG, El-Dougdoug NK. Controlling foodborne pathogens with natural antimicrobials by biological control and antivirulence strategies. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05020. [PMID: 32995651 PMCID: PMC7511826 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases represent a global health threat besides the great economic losses encountered by the food industry. These hazards necessitate the implementation of food preservation methods to control foodborne pathogens, the causal agents of human illnesses. Until now, most control methods rely on inhibiting the microbial growth or eliminating the pathogens by applying lethal treatments. Natural antimicrobials, which inhibit microbial growth, include traditional chemicals, naturally occurring antimicrobials, or biological preservation (e.g. beneficial microbes, bacteriocins, or bacteriophages). Although having great antimicrobial effectiveness, challenges due to the adaptation of foodborne pathogens to such control methods are becoming apparent. Such adaptation enables the survival of the pathogens in foods or food-contact environments. This imperative concern inspires contemporary research and food industry sector to develop technologies which do not target microbial growth but disarming microbial virulence factors. These technologies, referred to as "antivirulence", render the microbe non-capable of causing the disease with very limited or no opportunities for the pathogenic microorganisms to develop resistance. For the sake of safer and fresh-like foods, with no effect on the sensory properties of foods, a combination of two or more natural antimicrobials or with other stressors, is now widespread, to preserve foods. This review introduces and critically describes the traditional versus the emerging uses of natural antimicrobials for controlling foodborne pathogens in foods. Development of biological control strategies using natural antimicrobials proved to be effective in inhibiting microbial growth in foods and allowing improved food safety. In the meanwhile, discovery of new antivirulence agents could be a transformative strategy in food preservation in the far future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
| | - Noha K. El-Dougdoug
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13511, Egypt
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Grygorcewicz B, Wojciuk B, Roszak M, Łubowska N, Błażejczak P, Jursa-Kulesza J, Rakoczy R, Masiuk H, Dołęgowska B. Environmental Phage-Based Cocktail and Antibiotic Combination Effects on Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm in a Human Urine Model. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:25-35. [PMID: 32543337 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections poses a catastrophic threat to medicine. The development of phage-based therapy combined with antibiotics might be an advantageous weapon in the arms race between human and MDR bacteria. A cocktail composed of the MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infecting bacteriophages with high lytic activity was used in combination with antibiotics to destroy a bacterial biofilm in human urine. A. baumannii exhibited varying susceptibility to the host range of bacteriophages used in this study, ranging from 56% to 84%. This study demonstrated that bacteriophages could reduce biofilm biomass in a human urine model, and some of the antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) act synergistically with phage cocktails. Additionally, the combined treatment showed a significantly greater reduction of biofilm biomass and clearance of persister cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Wojciuk
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Roszak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Łubowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Błażejczak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Jursa-Kulesza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Department of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection Processes, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Helena Masiuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Grygorcewicz B, Chajęcka‐Wierzchowska W, Augustyniak A, Wasak A, Stachurska X, Nawrotek P, Dołęgowska B. In‐milk inactivation of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 by the environmental lytic bacteriophage ECPS‐6. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory MedicinePomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin Poland
| | | | - Adrian Augustyniak
- Building Materials and Construction ChemistryTechnische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Agata Wasak
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological ChemistryWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Xymena Stachurska
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological ChemistryWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Paweł Nawrotek
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological ChemistryWest Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Laboratory MedicinePomeranian Medical University in Szczecin Szczecin Poland
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Gilbert RA, Townsend EM, Crew KS, Hitch TCA, Friedersdorff JCA, Creevey CJ, Pope PB, Ouwerkerk D, Jameson E. Rumen Virus Populations: Technological Advances Enhancing Current Understanding. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:450. [PMID: 32273870 PMCID: PMC7113391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rumen contains a multi-kingdom, commensal microbiome, including protozoa, bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses, which enables ruminant herbivores to ferment and utilize plant feedstuffs that would be otherwise indigestible. Within the rumen, virus populations are diverse and highly abundant, often out-numbering the microbial populations that they both predate on and co-exist with. To date the research effort devoted to understanding rumen-associated viral populations has been considerably less than that given to the other microbial populations, yet their contribution to maintaining microbial population balance, intra-ruminal microbial lysis, fiber breakdown, nutrient cycling and genetic transfer may be highly significant. This review follows the technological advances which have contributed to our current understanding of rumen viruses and drawing on knowledge from other environmental and animal-associated microbiomes, describes the known and potential roles and impacts viruses have on rumen function and speculates on the future directions of rumen viral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind A. Gilbert
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eleanor M. Townsend
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen S. Crew
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas C. A. Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica C. A. Friedersdorff
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Creevey
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip B. Pope
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Diane Ouwerkerk
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eleanor Jameson
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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McDougall DL, Soutar CD, Perry BJ, Brown C, Alexander D, Yost CK, Stavrinides J. Isolation and Characterization of vB_PagP-SK1, a T7-Like Phage Infecting Pantoea agglomerans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:45-56. [DOI: 10.1089/phage.2019.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig D. Soutar
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Perry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, North Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl Brown
- Roy Romanow Provincial Laboratory, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | | | - John Stavrinides
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Herridge WP, Shibu P, O’Shea J, Brook TC, Hoyles L. Bacteriophages of Klebsiella spp., their diversity and potential therapeutic uses. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:176-194. [PMID: 31976857 PMCID: PMC7431098 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella spp. are commensals of the human microbiota, and a leading cause of opportunistic nosocomial infections. The incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing serious infections is increasing, and Klebsiella oxytoca is an emerging pathogen. Alternative strategies to tackle infections caused by these bacteria are required as strains become resistant to last-resort antibiotics such as colistin. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria. They and their gene products are now being considered as alternatives or adjuncts to antimicrobial therapies. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the potential for lytic phages to combat MDR K. pneumoniae infections. Ready access to cheap sequencing technologies has led to a large increase in the number of genomes available for Klebsiella-infecting phages, with these phages being heterogeneous at the whole-genome level. This review summarizes our current knowledge on phages of Klebsiella spp. and highlights technological and biological issues relevant to the development of phage-based therapies targeting these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren P. Herridge
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Preetha Shibu
- Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Jessica O’Shea
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Thomas C. Brook
- Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
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Phage Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Evolves via Diverse Mutations That Culminate in Impaired Adsorption. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02530-19. [PMID: 31992617 PMCID: PMC6989104 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02530-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of bacteriophage (phage) is garnering renewed interest in the setting of difficult-to-treat infections. Phage resistance is one major limitation of phage therapy; therefore, developing effective strategies to avert or lessen its impact is critical. Characterization of in vitro phage resistance may be an important first step in evaluating the relative likelihood with which phage-resistant populations emerge, the most likely phenotypes of resistant mutants, and the effect of certain phage cocktail combinations in increasing or decreasing the genetic barrier to resistance. If this information confers predictive power in vivo, then routine studies of phage-resistant mutants and their in vitro evolution should be a valuable means for improving the safety and efficacy of phage therapy in humans. The evolution of phage resistance poses an inevitable threat to the efficacy of phage therapy. The strategic selection of phage combinations that impose high genetic barriers to resistance and/or high compensatory fitness costs may mitigate this threat. However, for such a strategy to be effective, the evolution of phage resistance must be sufficiently constrained to be consistent. In this study, we isolated lytic phages capable of infecting a modified Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate and characterized a total of 57 phage-resistant mutants that evolved from their prolonged coculture in vitro. Single- and double-phage-resistant mutants were isolated from independently evolved replicate cocultures grown in broth or on plates. Among resistant isolates evolved against the same phage under the same conditions, mutations conferring resistance occurred in different genes, yet in each case, the putative functions of these genes clustered around the synthesis or assembly of specific cell surface structures. All resistant mutants demonstrated impaired phage adsorption, providing a strong indication that these cell surface structures functioned as phage receptors. Combinations of phages targeting different host receptors reduced the incidence of resistance, while, conversely, one three-phage cocktail containing two phages targeting the same receptor increased the incidence of resistance (relative to its two-phage, nonredundant receptor-targeting counterpart). Together, these data suggest that laboratory characterization of phage-resistant mutants is a useful tool to help optimize therapeutic phage selection and cocktail design.
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Isolation of Four Lytic Phages Infecting Klebsiella pneumoniae K22 Clinical Isolates from Spain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020425. [PMID: 31936552 PMCID: PMC7013548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria represents a major public-health threat. Phages constitute a promising alternative to chemical antibiotics due to their high host specificity, abundance in nature, and evolvability. However, phage host specificity means that highly diverse bacterial species are particularly difficult to target for phage therapy. This is the case of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which presents a hypervariable extracellular matrix capsule exhibiting dozens of variants. Here, we report four novel phages infecting K. pneumoniae capsular type K22 which were isolated from environmental samples in Valencia, Spain. Full genome sequencing showed that these phages belong to the Podoviridae family and encode putative depolymerases that allow digestion of specific K22 K. pneumoniae capsules. Our results confirm the capsular type-specificity of K. pneumoniae phages, as indicated by their narrow infectivity in a panel of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. Nonetheless, this work represents a step forward in the characterization of phage diversity, which may culminate in the future use of large panels of phages for typing and/or for combating multi-drug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Promises and Pitfalls of In Vivo Evolution to Improve Phage Therapy. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121083. [PMID: 31766537 PMCID: PMC6950294 DOI: 10.3390/v11121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy is the use of bacterial viruses (phages) to treat bacterial infections, a medical intervention long abandoned in the West but now experiencing a revival. Currently, therapeutic phages are often chosen based on limited criteria, sometimes merely an ability to plate on the pathogenic bacterium. Better treatment might result from an informed choice of phages. Here we consider whether phages used to treat the bacterial infection in a patient may specifically evolve to improve treatment on that patient or benefit subsequent patients. With mathematical and computational models, we explore in vivo evolution for four phage properties expected to influence therapeutic success: generalized phage growth, phage decay rate, excreted enzymes to degrade protective bacterial layers, and growth on resistant bacteria. Within-host phage evolution is strongly aligned with treatment success for phage decay rate but only partially aligned for phage growth rate and growth on resistant bacteria. Excreted enzymes are mostly not selected for treatment success. Even when evolution and treatment success are aligned, evolution may not be rapid enough to keep pace with bacterial evolution for maximum benefit. An informed use of phages is invariably superior to naive reliance on within-host evolution.
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Kallies R, Kiesel B, Schmidt M, Ghanem N, Zopfi J, Hackermüller J, Harms H, Wick LY, Chatzinotas A. Complete genome sequence of Pseudoalteromonas virus vB_PspP-H6/1 that infects Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain H6. Mar Genomics 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Panariello BH, Klein MI, Alves F, Pavarina AC. DNase increases the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zamani I, Bouzari M, Emtiazi G, Ghasemi SM, Chang HI. Molecular investigation of two novel bacteriophages of a facultative methylotroph, Raoultella ornithinolytica: first report of Raoultella phages. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2015-2022. [PMID: 31111257 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Raoultella are known to inhabit aquatic environments and can be found in medical samples. The pathogenicity of Raoultella ornithinolytica isolates in human has become increasingly important, and several cases of infections have been reported recently. However, there are no reports of isolation of bacteriophages infecting this bacterium. In this study, two novel phages (ISF3 and ISF6) of a methylotrophic Raoultella strain were isolated from sewage. To characterize the isolated phages, morphological features, protein profiles, restriction digestion patterns, and partial genome sequences were studied. Despite morphological differences, electron microscopy revealed that both phages had an icosahedral capsid connected to a contractile tail, suggesting that ISF3 and ISF6 both belong to the family Myoviridae. Partial nucleotide sequences of the ISF3 genome showed 99% to 100% identity to DNA of Klebsiella pneumonia phages KP15, KP27 and BMBT1; however, the restriction digestion profiles of ISF3 genome digested by EcoRI and EcoRV differed from those of Klebsiella phages KP15 and KP27. A partial sequence alignment showed that ISF6 can be classified as a member of a new viral genus due to its significant differences from other previously identified phages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation and characterization of the specific Raoultella phages that have potential to be used as new pharmaceuticals against R. ornithinolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Zamani
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Majid Bouzari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Giti Emtiazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hyo-Ihl Chang
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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New Bacteriophages against Emerging Lineages ST23 and ST258 of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Efficacy Assessment in Galleria mellonella Larvae. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050411. [PMID: 31058805 PMCID: PMC6563190 DOI: 10.3390/v11050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen of high public health importance. Its polysaccharide capsule is highly variable but only a few capsular types are associated with emerging pathogenic sublineages. The aim of this work is to isolate and characterize new lytic bacteriophages and assess their potential to control infections by the ST23 and ST258 K. pneumoniae sublineages using a Galleria mellonella larvae model. Three selected bacteriophages, targeting lineages ST258 (bacteriophages vB_KpnP_KL106-ULIP47 and vB_KpnP_KL106-ULIP54) and ST23 (bacteriophage vB_KpnP_K1-ULIP33), display specificity for capsular types KL106 and K1, respectively. These podoviruses belong to the Autographivirinae subfamily and their genomes are devoid of lysogeny or toxin-associated genes. In a G. mellonella larvae model, a mortality rate of 70% was observed upon infection by K. pneumoniae ST258 and ST23. This number was reduced to 20% upon treatment with bacteriophages at a multiplicity of infection of 10. This work increases the number of characterized bacteriophages infecting K. pneumoniae and provides information regarding genome sequence and efficacy during preclinical phage therapy against two prominent sublineages of this bacterial species.
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