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Guidoni M, Sousa Júnior ADD, Aragão VPM, E Silva MVT, Barth T, Clarindo WR, Endringer DC, Scherer R, Fronza M. Plant stem cell extract from Coffea canephora shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin regenerative properties mediated by suppression of nuclear factor-κB. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12849. [PMID: 37403887 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell cultures have become a promising production platform of bioactive compounds for biomedical and cosmetic uses in the last decades. However, the success so far has been limited. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this unique biotechnology process to obtain a bioactive stem cell extract of Coffea canephora (SCECC) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined in the SCECC by spectrophotometry. The chemical composition of the extracts was characterized by mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the colorimetric methods of free radical scavenging 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through the production of superoxide anion (O2•-), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, the ability of SCECC to stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts was assessed. Five compounds were tentatively identified, two flavonoids, two phenolic acids, and one sugar. High phenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed in the SCECC. SCECC promoted the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and suppressed the pro-inflammatory mediators O2•-, NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SCECC inhibited the NF-κB transcription factor. Therefore, we obtained evidence that the extract from C. canephora stem cells can be used as a natural agent against skin damage. Hence, it could be of interest in cosmetics for preventing skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guidoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
| | - A D de Sousa Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
| | - V P M Aragão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
- Instituto Capixaba de Ciências e Administração, Programa de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Regional, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
| | - M V Toledo E Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | - T Barth
- Laboratório de Produtos Bioativos, Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | - W R Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - D C Endringer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
| | - R Scherer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
| | - M Fronza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
- Instituto Capixaba de Ciências e Administração, Programa de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Regional, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil
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de Morais Oliveira JP, Silva AJD, Catrinck MN, Clarindo WR. Embryonic abnormalities and genotoxicity induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid during indirect somatic embryogenesis in Coffea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9689. [PMID: 37322165 PMCID: PMC10272143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) is a morphogenetic pathway in which somatic cells form callus and, later, somatic embryos (SE). 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic auxin that promotes the proliferation and dedifferentiation of somatic cells, inducing the ISE. However, 2,4-D can cause genetic, epigenetic, physiological and morphological disorders, preventing the regeneration and/or resulting abnormal somatic embryos (ASE). We aimed to evaluate the toxic 2,4-D effect during the Coffea arabica and C. canephora ISE, assessing the SE morphology, global 5-methylcytosine levels (5-mC%) and DNA damage. Leaf explants were inoculated in media with different 2,4-D concentrations. After 90 days, the friable calli were transferred to the regeneration medium, and the number of normal and abnormal SE was monthly counted. The increase of the 2,4-D concentration increased the number of responsive explants in both Coffea. At 9.06, 18.08 and 36.24 μM 2,4-D, C. arabica presented the highest values of responsive explants, differing from C. canephora. Normal and abnormal SE regeneration increased in relation to the time and 2,4-D concentration. Global 5-mC% varied at different stages of the ISE in both Coffea. Furthermore, the 2,4-D concentration positively correlated with global 5-mC%, and with the mean number of ASE. All ASE of C. arabica and C. canephora exhibited DNA damage and showed higher global 5-mC%. The allotetraploid C. arabica exhibited greater tolerance to the toxic effect of 2,4-D than the diploid C. canephora. We conclude that synthetic 2,4-D auxin promotes genotoxic and phytotoxic disorders and promotes epigenetic changes during Coffea ISE.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo de Morais Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29.500-000, Brazil.
| | - Alex Junior da Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Neves Catrinck
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil.
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da Silva JPA, Viana JMS, Dias KODG, Silva JC, Tupper VTB, Clarindo WR. Popcorn ( Zea mays L. var. Everta) haploids identified by Navajo phenotype and ploidy level. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1176504. [PMID: 37324707 PMCID: PMC10266278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For popcorn, obtaining and identifying haploids are still challenging steps. We aimed to induce and screen haploids in popcorn using the Navajo phenotype, seedling vigor, and ploidy level. We used the Krasnodar Haploid Inducer (KHI) in crosses with 20 popcorn source germplasms and five maize controls. The field trial design was completely randomized, with three replications. We assessed the efficacy of induction and identification of haploids based on the haploidy induction rate (HIR) and false positive and negative rates (FPR and FNR). Additionally, we also measured the penetrance of the Navajo marker gene (R1-nj). All putative haploids classified by the R1-nj were germinated together with a diploid sample and evaluated for false positives and negatives based on vigor. Seedlings from 14 females were submitted to flow cytometry to determine the ploidy level. The HIR and penetrance were analyzed by fitting a generalized linear model with a logit link function. The HIR of the KHI, adjusted by cytometry, ranged from 0.0 to 1.2%, with a mean of 0.34%. The average FPR from screening based on the Navajo phenotype was 26.2% and 76.4% for vigor and ploidy, respectively. The FNR was zero. The penetrance of R1-nj ranged from 30.8 to 98.6%. The average number of seeds per ear in temperate germplasm (76) was lower than that obtained in tropical germplasm (98). There is an induction of haploids in germplasm of tropical and temperate origin. We recommend the selection of haploids associated with the Navajo phenotype with a direct method of confirming the ploidy level, such as flow cytometry. We also show that haploid screening based on Navajo phenotype and seedling vigor reduces misclassification. The origin and genetic background of the source germplasm influence the R1-nj penetrance. Because the known inducers are maize, developing doubled haploid technology for popcorn hybrid breeding requires overcoming unilateral cross-incompatibility.
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Silva MA, Soares FAF, Clarindo WR, Mendes LA, Alves LB, Ferreira A, da Silva Ferreira MF. Genomic and epigenomic variation in Psidium species and their outcome under the yield and composition of essential oils. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1385. [PMID: 36697447 PMCID: PMC9876884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27912-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diploid and polyploid species derived from the euploid series x = 11 occur in the genus Psidium, as well as intraspecific cytotypes. Euploidy in the genus can alter the gene copy number, resulting in several "omics" variations. We revisited the euploidy, reported genomic (nuclear 2C value, GC%, and copy number of secondary metabolism genes) and epigenomic (5-mC%) differences in Psidium, and related them to essential oil yield and composition. Mean 2C values ranged from 0.90 pg (P. guajava) to 7.40 pg (P. gaudichaudianum). 2C value is intraspecifically varied in P. cattleyanum and P. gaudichaudianum, evidencing cytotypes that can be formed from euploid (non-reduced) and/or aneuploid reproductive cells. GC% ranged from 34.33% (P. guineense) to 48.95% (P. myrtoides), and intraspecific variations occurred even for species without 2C value intraspecific variation. Essential oil yield increased in relation to 2C value and to GC%. We showed that P. guajava (diploid) possesses two and P. guineense (tetraploid) four copies of the one specific TPS gene, as well as eight and sixteen copies respectively of the conserved regions that occur in eight TPS genes. We provide a wide "omics'' characterization of Psidium and show the outcome of the genome and epigenome variation in secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Alves Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari Soares
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Luziane Brandão Alves
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil.
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Vilcherrez-Atoche JA, Silva JC, Clarindo WR, Mondin M, Cardoso JC. In Vitro Polyploidization of Brassolaeliocattleya Hybrid Orchid. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:281. [PMID: 36678995 PMCID: PMC9861230 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Cattleya (Orchidaceae-Laeliinae subtribe) intergeneric hybrids, such as Brassolaeliocattleya (Blc.), have great ornamental value, due to their compact-size, with large and high color diversity of flowers. Artificial induction of polyploidy brings agronomic, ornamental and genetic benefits to plants. Polyploidization efficiency depends on factors, such as the type of antimitotic, polyploidization method, concentrations, exposure times and type of explant. This study aimed to develop a protocol to polyploidize Blc. orchids, by testing two types of explants (seeds and protocorms), concentrations and exposure times to colchicine. The effects of colchicine on the in vitro development of explants were also investigated. The responses of explants to colchicine depended on the concentrations, exposure time and the interaction of these factors. Flow cytometric analysis evidenced high endopolyploidy and allowed the separation of polyploidized (4C, 8C and 16C peaks) from non-polyploidized (only 2C and 4C peaks) plants. The highest percentage of polyploid plants was regenerated from protocorms (16.4%) treated with colchicine instead of seeds (3.2%). Protocorms treated with colchicine at 500-750 μM for 18 h resulted in the best percentage of polyploidization. Additionally, in vitro natural polyploidization using protocorms was reported (11.5%). Cytological analyses allowed an estimation of the number of chromosomes of the parents (≡70), polyploidized (≡140) and non-polyploidized progeny (≡70).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Abdul Vilcherrez-Atoche
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Depart of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CP 153, Araras 13600-970, SP, Brazil
- Master Science Graduate Program of Plant Production and Associated Bioprocesses, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras 13600-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Coutinho Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Mondin
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Cardoso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Tissue Culture, Depart of Biotechnology, Plant and Animal Production, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (CCA/UFSCar), Rodovia Anhanguera, km 174, CP 153, Araras 13600-970, SP, Brazil
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Spadeto MS, Vasconcelos LC, Menini L, Clarindo WR, Guilhen JHS, Ferreira MFS, Praça-Fontes MM. Intraspecific C-value variation and the outcomes in Psidium cattleyanum Sabine essential oil. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e260455. [PMID: 36169524 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy, a numerical alteration of the karyotype, is one of the most important mechanisms in plant speciation and diversification, but could also be detected among populations, the cytotypes. For example, Psidium cattleyanum, a polyploid complex, has chromosome numbers ranging from 2n=3x=33 to 2n=12x=132. Polyploidization causes an increase in DNA content, and both modifications may cause alteration in plant growth, physiology, and epigenetics. Based on this possibility, here we aim to verify the influence of the polyploidization on the production of P. cattleyanum essential oil chemotypes. Differences in the DNA contents, as a proxy to different ploidies, were observed and three distinct chemotypes were identified through the chromatographic profile analysis. The Psidium cattleyanum DNA content and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the essential oils presented a positive relationship. Plants with higher DNA contents presented higher levels of oil production, which was mostly composed of hydrogenated sesquiterpenes, while plants with lower DNA contents produced lower amount of oil, which was mostly composed of hydrogenated monoterpenes. Based on the importance of essential oils, polyploid plants, which present higher DNA content, are recommended as possible matrices for the propagation of new plants with the potential to produce major compounds of agronomic and pharmacological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Spadeto
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - L C Vasconcelos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - L Menini
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo - IFES, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - W R Clarindo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento - PPGGM, Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J H S Guilhen
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - M F S Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Departamento de Agronomia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Genética Vegetal, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil
| | - M M Praça-Fontes
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Grupo de Pesquisa Agroquímicos e Análise de Toxicidade em Bioensaios, Alegre, ES, Brasil
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Sattler MC, de Oliveira SC, Mendonça MAC, Clarindo WR. Coffea cytogenetics: from the first karyotypes to the meeting with genomics. Planta 2022; 255:112. [PMID: 35501619 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coffea karyotype organization and evolution has been uncovered by classical cytogenetics and cytogenomics. We revisit these discoveries and present new karyotype data. Coffea possesses ~ 124 species, including C. arabica and C. canephora responsible for commercial coffee production. We reviewed the Coffea cytogenetics, from the first chromosome counting, encompassing the karyotype characterization, chromosome DNA content, and mapping of chromosome portions and DNA sequences, until the integration with genomics. We also showed new data about Coffea karyotype. The 2n chromosome number evidenced the diploidy of almost all Coffea, and the C. arabica tetraploidy, as well as the polyploidy of other hybrids. Since then, other genomic similarities and divergences among the Coffea have been shown by karyotype morphology, nuclear and chromosomal C-value, AT and GC rich chromosome portions, and repetitive sequence and gene mapping. These cytogenomic data allowed us to know and understand the phylogenetic relations in Coffea, as well as their ploidy level and genomic origin, highlighting the relatively recent allopolyploidy. In addition to the euploidy, the role of the mobile elements in Coffea diversification is increasingly more evident, and the comparative analysis of their structure and distribution on the genome of different species is in the spotlight for future research. An integrative look at all these data is fundamental for a deeper understanding of Coffea karyotype evolution, including the key role of polyploidy in C. arabica origin. The 'Híbrido de Timor', a recent natural allotriploid, is also in the spotlight for its potential as a source of resistance genes and model for plant polyploidy research. Considering this, we also present some unprecedented results about the exciting evolutionary history of these polyploid Coffea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cansian Sattler
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36.570-900, Brazil.
| | - Stéfanie Cristina de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Campus de Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, ZIP 29.500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36.570-900, Brazil
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Carvalho RF, Aguiar-Perecin MLR, Clarindo WR, Fristche-Neto R, Mondin M. A Heterochromatic Knob Reducing the Flowering Time in Maize. Front Genet 2022; 12:799681. [PMID: 35280927 PMCID: PMC8908004 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.799681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize flowering time is an important agronomic trait, which has been associated with variations in the genome size and heterochromatic knobs content. We integrated three steps to show this association. Firstly, we selected inbred lines varying for heterochromatic knob composition at specific sites in the homozygous state. Then, we produced homozygous and heterozygous hybrids for knobs. Second, we measured the genome size and flowering time for all materials. Knob composition did not affect the genome size and flowering time. Finally, we developed an association study and identified a knob marker on chromosome 9 showing the strongest association with flowering time. Indeed, modelling allele substitution and dominance effects could offer only one heterochromatic knob locus that could affect flowering time, making it earlier rather than the knob composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Flávia Carvalho
- “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Fristche-Neto
- “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) - Breeding Analytics and Data, Management Unit, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Mateus Mondin
- “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mateus Mondin,
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Quadros IPS, Madeira NN, Loriato VAP, Saia TFF, Silva JC, Soares FAF, Carvalho JR, Reis PAB, Fontes EPB, Clarindo WR, Fontes RLF. Cadmium-mediated toxicity in plant cells is associated with the DCD/NRP-mediated cell death response. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:556-571. [PMID: 34719793 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd2+ ) is highly harmful to plant growth. Although Cd2+ induces programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells, Cd2+ stress in whole plants during later developmental stages and the mechanism underlying Cd2+ -mediated toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we showed that Cd2+ limits plant growth, causes intense redness in leaf vein, leaf yellowing, and chlorosis during the R1 reproductive stage of soybean (Glycine max). These symptoms were associated with Cd2+ -induced PCD, as Cd2+ -stressed soybean leaves displayed decreased number of nuclei, enhanced cell death, DNA damage, and caspase 1 activity compared to unstressed leaves. Accordingly, Cd2+ -induced NRPs, GmNAC81, GmNAC30 and VPE, the DCD/NRP-mediated cell death signalling components, which execute PCD via caspase 1-like VPE activity. Furthermore, overexpression of the positive regulator of this cell death signalling GmNAC81 enhanced sensitivity to Cd2+ stress and intensified the hallmarks of Cd2+ -mediated PCD. GmNAC81 overexpression enhanced Cd2+ -induced H2 O2 production, cell death, DNA damage, and caspase-1-like VPE expression. Conversely, BiP overexpression negatively regulated the NRPs/GmNACs/VPE signalling module, conferred tolerance to Cd2+ stress and reduced Cd2+ -mediated cell death. Collectively, our data indicate that Cd2+ induces PCD in plants via activation of the NRP/GmNAC/VPE regulatory circuit that links developmentally and stress-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iana Pedro Silva Quadros
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Virgílio Adriano Pereira Loriato
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Thaina Fernanda Fillietaz Saia
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Coutinho Silva
- Cytogenetics and Cytometry Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Augusto Braga Reis
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth P B Fontes
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Cytogenetics and Cytometry Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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da Silva AJ, Clarindo WR, Simiqueli GF, Praça-Fontes MM, Mendes LA, Martins GF, Borém A. Short-term changes related to autotetraploidy in essential oil composition of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and its applications in different bioassays. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24408. [PMID: 34949763 PMCID: PMC8702542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50-200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior da Silva
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiza Alves Mendes
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aluízio Borém
- Departament of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, ZIP 36570-900, Brazil
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Oliveira JPDM, Ferreira A, Clarindo WR. In Vitro Regeneration of Stable Allotriploid Plantlets of the “Híbrido de Timor” ( Coffea). CYTOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.86.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo de Morais Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biometria, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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12
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Cunha MS, Soares FAF, Clarindo WR, Campos LAO, Lopes DM. Robertsonian rearrangements in Neotropical Meliponini karyotype evolution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Insect Mol Biol 2021; 30:379-389. [PMID: 33797120 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genome changes, evidenced through karyotype or nuclear genome size data, can result in reproductive isolation, diversification and speciation. The aim of this study was to understand how changes in the karyotype such as chromosome number and nuclear genome size accompanied the evolution of neotropical stingless bees, and to discuss these data in a phylogenetic context focusing on the karyotype evolution of this clade. We sampled 38 species representing the three Neotropical Meliponini groups; 35 for karyotype analyses and 16 for 1C value measurement. The chromosome number varied from 2n = 16 to 2n = 34, with distinct karyotypic formulae and the presence of a few polymorphisms, such as B chromosomes in one species and arm size differences between homologous chromosomes in two species. The mean 1C value varied from 0.31 pg to 0.92 pg. We associated empirical data on chromosome number and mean 1C value to highlight the importance of Robertsonian fusion rearrangements, leading to a decrease in chromosome number during the Neotropical Meliponini evolution. These data also allowed us to infer the independent heterochromatin amplification in several genera. Although less frequent, Melipona species with 2n = 22 represent evidence of Robertsonian fissions. We also pointed out the importance of chromosomal rearrangements that did not alter chromosome number, such as inversions and heterochromatin amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cunha
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F A F Soares
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - W R Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L A O Campos
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D M Lopes
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Shehzad M, Gul RS, Rauf S, Clarindo WR, Al-Khayri JM, Hussain MM, Munir H, Ghaffari M, Nazir S, Hussain M. Development of a robust hydroponic method for screening of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) accessions for tolerance to heat and osmotic stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1677. [PMID: 33462271 PMCID: PMC7814013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroponic systems are known to provide a platform for uniform growth conditions until the reproductive stage. However, many plant species, including sunflower, show poor growth and survivability under conventional hydroponic systems due to poor nutrient availability, hypoxia and algal contamination. Thus, we tested various hydroponic systems to select a hydroponic system suitable for screening of sunflower germplasm. Sunflower accessions showed better growth and leaf gas exchange in newly-designed over conventional hydroponic systems. Selected hydroponic systems were further engaged in sunflower accession screening under heat and osmotic stress in a two-pan system (210 cm × 60 cm). Heat stress treatment was applied by growing sunflower germplasm at 42 °C and osmotic stress by adding polyethylene glycol 8000 which decreased the osmotic potential to - 0.6 MPa. There was significant variability among the sunflower accessions for their ability to survive under stress. Accessions such as C-2721 (43%), C-291 (46%) and D-14 (43%) had lower cell membrane injury percentage under osmotic stress and high seedling survivability (60‒80%) under heat stress when compared with susceptible accessions. Moreover, resistant accessions exhibited greater cuticular waxes and root length but lower transpiration losses. The newly designed hydroponic platform proved reliable for the selection of resistant sunflower accessions. Selected parental lines were validated by assessing their hybrids under field trials across two seasons under water and temperature stress during the reproductive phase (autumn). Hybrid H3 obtained by crossing drought and heat resistant parents had the highest seed yield and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shehzad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Rao Samran Gul
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Rauf
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | | | - Jameel Mohammed Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Hussain
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Munir
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mehdi Ghaffari
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahid Nazir
- Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Hussain
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Amaral-Silva PM, Clarindo WR, Guilhen JHS, de Jesus Passos ABR, Sanglard NA, Ferreira A. Global 5-methylcytosine and physiological changes are triggers of indirect somatic embryogenesis in Coffea canephora. Protoplasma 2021; 258:45-57. [PMID: 32895735 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE) establishment for Coffea species started in the 1970s. Since then, intraspecific variations in the morphogenic pathway have been reported, even in the common environmental condition in vitro. Several authors have suggested that these variations are the result of genetic, epigenetic, and/or physiological events, highlighting the need for investigations to know the causes. Along these lines, this study aimed to investigate and describe, for the first time, the global 5-methylcytosine and physiological changes that occur in the cells of the aggregate suspensions of Coffea canephora during proliferation and somatic embryo regeneration steps. The cell proliferation step was characterized by increase in cell mass in all subcultures; relatively low mean values of global 5-methylcytosine (5-mC%), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); high mean value of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, an ethylene precursor); and increase followed by decrease in spermidine (Spd, a polyamine) level. Therefore, these epigenetic and physiologic aspects promoted the cell proliferation, which is fundamental for ISE. In turn, the somatic embryo regeneration was correlated with global 5-mC% and physiological changes. The competence acquisition, determination, and cell differentiation steps were marked by increases in mean values of 5-mC%, IAA and ABA, and decreases in ACC and Spd, evincing that these changes are the triggers for regeneration and maturation of somatic embryos. Therefore, dynamic and coordinated epigenetic and physiologic changes occur in the cells of the aggregate suspensions during the C. canephora ISE in liquid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Marcos Amaral-Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - José Henrique Soler Guilhen
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Natália Arruda Sanglard
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Adésio Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
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Marques AM, Nogueira AM, Ferreira MFDS, Clarindo WR. Evaluating the Karyotype and DNA Sequence Stability of in vitro Psidium guajava L. Plantlets. CYTOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.85.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anelise Machado Marques
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Angélica Maria Nogueira
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Silva JC, Soares FAF, Sattler MC, Clarindo WR. Author Correction: Repetitive sequences and structural chromosome alterations promote intraspecific variations in Zea mays L. karyotype. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10777. [PMID: 32587317 PMCID: PMC7316756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Silva JC, Soares FAF, Sattler MC, Clarindo WR. Repetitive sequences and structural chromosome alterations promote intraspecific variations in Zea mays L. karyotype. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8866. [PMID: 32483238 PMCID: PMC7264354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
LTR-retrotransposons, knobs and structural chromosome alterations contribute to shape the structure and organization of the Zea mays karyotype. Our initial nuclear DNA content data of Z. mays accessions revealed an intraspecific variation (2 C = 2.00 pg to 2 C = 6.10 pg), suggesting differences in their karyotypes. We aimed to compare the karyotypes of three Z. mays accessions in search of the differences and similarities among them. Karyotype divergences were demonstrated among the accessions, despite their common chromosome number (2n = 20) and ancestral origin. Cytogenomic analyses showed that repetitive sequences and structural chromosome alterations play a significant role in promoting intraspecific nuclear DNA content variation. In addition, heterozygous terminal deletion in chromosome 3 was pointed out as a cause of lower nuclear 2 C value. Besides this, translocation was also observed in the short arm of chromosome 1. Differently, higher 2 C value was associated with the more abundant distribution of LTR-retrotransposons from the family Grande in the karyotype. Moreover, heteromorphism involving the number and position of the 180-bp knob sequence was found among the accessions. Taken together, we provide insights on the pivotal role played by repetitive sequences and structural chromosome alterations in shaping the karyotype of Z. mays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Coutinho Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, ZIP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari Soares
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, ZIP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cansian Sattler
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, ZIP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, ZIP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Soares FAF, Carvalho CR, Sattler MC, Silva JC, Pinto DEE, Passamani PZ, Silva AJ, Clarindo WR. Plant Chromosome-Specific Probes by Microdissection of a Single Chromosome: Is That a Reality? Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:334. [PMID: 32273878 PMCID: PMC7113637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Painting plant chromosomes through chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization has long been considered impracticable. Seeking to build specific and complex probes from a single microdissected chromosome, we employed human chromosomes as models to standardize all the necessary steps for application in plants. Human metaphases were used to define the adequate conditions for microdissection, chromosome DNA amplification and labeling through degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR, and in situ hybridization stringency. Subsequently, these methodologies were applied in the plant species Zea mays (chromosome 1) and Capsicum annuum (chromosome 7 or 8). The high quality of human and plant cytogenetic preparations and the meticulous standardization of each step, especially the most critical ones - microdissection and first round of DNA amplification - were crucial to eliminate the signs of non-specific hybridization and for direct application in plants. By overcoming these challenges, we obtained chromosome-specific probes, which allowed to achieve a clear and uniform painting of the entire target chromosomes with little or no background, evidencing their complexity and specificity. Despite the high amount of ubiquitous repetitive sequences in plant genomes, the main drawback for chromosome painting, we successfully employed our methodology on two plant species. Both have more than 80% repetitive sequences, which is compared to the human genome (66-69%). This is the first time that plant chromosome-specific probes were successfully obtained from a single A mitotic or meiotic microdissected chromosome. Thereby, we assume that chromosome painting through microdissection and CISS hybridization can now be considered a reality in the field of plant cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Venial LR, Mendonça MAC, Amaral-Silva PM, Canal GB, Passos ABRDJ, Ferreira A, Soares TCB, Clarindo WR. Autotetraploid Coffea canephora and Auto-Alloctaploid Coffea arabica From In Vitro Chromosome Set Doubling: New Germplasms for Coffea. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:154. [PMID: 32194586 PMCID: PMC7064561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is more than two chromosomal sets per nucleus, as the allotetraploid Coffea arabica. Due to allotetraploidy, C. arabica shows different phenotypes compare to diploid Coffea species, highlighting by beverage quality produced from its grains. Looking for the possibility of new phenotypes coupled with economic feature, considerable progress since 60's was reached for synthetic chromosome set doubling (CSD) in vitro, involving especially the antitubulin compounds, biological material, and used tissue culture pathway as the indirect somatic embryogenesis (ISE). Here, we aimed to regenerate autotetraploid and auto-alloctaploid plantlets of Coffea canephora and C. arabica, respectively, from a novel in vitro CSD procedure for Coffea. Exploring the ISE pathway, we treated the cellular aggregate suspensions (CAS) with 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.5, or 2.5 mM of colchicine solution for 48, 72, or 96 h and maintained in liquid medium under constant orbital shaking. After transferring the CAS to semisolid media for somatic embryo regeneration, we considered it as cellular mass. Mature cotyledonary somatic embryos were only regenerated from cellular masses treated with 2.5 mM/48 h and 2.5 mM/72 h for C. canephora and with 0.5 mM/48 h for C. arabica. Evaluating the DNA ploidy level and the chromosome counting revealed that 36 (34.9%) plantlets of C. canephora were autotetraploids (4C = 2.86 pg, 2n = 4x = 44) and 61 (21.1%) of C. arabica were auto-alloctaploids (4C = 5.24 pg, 2n = 8x = 88). The CSD procedure, exploring the CAS proliferation and ISE pathway, promoted whole-genome duplication and resulted in a relatively high number of solid polyploids of both Coffea species. Due to distinct responses, DNA sequence fidelity (genetic) and global level of 5-methylcytosine (epigenetic) were evaluated. We observed that the increase of 5-methylcytosine levels was associated with somatic embryo regeneration from cells showing DNA sequence fidelity for the tested SSR primers. In conclusion, the adopted procedure for in vitro CSD is reproducible for induction, regeneration and propagation of Coffea polyploids and potentially other shrubbery and woody species. In view of the novelty of this procedure to generate new germplasm, we show the key issues and the steps of the CSD procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara Ribeiro Venial
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Marcos Amaral-Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bravim Canal
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Adésio Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biometria, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Taís Cristina Bastos Soares
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Wellington Ronildo Clarindo,
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Marchiorio Lacerda
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Tissue Culture, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo
| | - Jéssica Coutinho Silva
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa
| | - Ariane Tonetto Vieira
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Tissue Culture, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo
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21
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Manhães VDC, de Miranda FD, Clarindo WR, Carrijo TT. Genetic diversity and karyotype of Pitcairnia azouryi: an endangered species of Bromeliaceae endemic to Atlantic Forest inselbergs. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:179-189. [PMID: 31587186 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant species of various families, such as those of Bromeliaceae, occur on inselbergs where they are subject to geographic isolation and environmental conditions that can lead to genetic erosion. This, in turn, can result in the loss of natural populations due to homozygosis, or changes in ploidy that may lead to reproductive isolation. The genetic diversity of five natural populations of Pitcairnia azouryi was measured using nine microsatellite markers transferred from P. albiflos and P. geyskesii. Chromosome numbers and nuclear DNA content were also evaluated. The results indicated moderate genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.188), and significant gene flow (Nm = 1.073) in four of the five populations. P. azouryi has, predominantly, 2n = 50 chromosomes and DNA content of 2C = 1.16 pg, but the tetraploid condition was found (2n = 100 and 2C = 2.32 pg) in seedlings of an individual of the most geographically isolated population. The moderate level of genetic structuring observed for P. azouryi seems to be related to its disjoint geographical distribution and the locally aggregated spatial structure of the populations, which are isolated from each other, hindering the inter and intrapopulational gene flow. This interpretation was also evidenced by the mantel test (r = 0.777, P < 0.05). The occurrence of diploid individuals with tetraploid seedlings is indicative of events of eupolyploidization, possibly due to the environmental conditions of this geographically isolated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor da Cunha Manhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Demolinari de Miranda
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cansian Sattler
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari Soares
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Jéssica Coutinho Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Layane Badaró Costa
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Campus de Alegre, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Mariano GF, Oliveira SCD, Sanglard NA, Carvalho CRD, Clarindo WR. Cariograma e conteúdo de DNA cromossômico do alotriploide híbrido de Timor: Uma comparação com seus progenitores. Semin Cienc Biol Saude 2018. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
O Híbrido de Timor (HT) ‘CIFC 4106’ é um anortoploide (alotriploide, 3x=33, 2C=2,10 pg), semi-estéril, oriundo do cruzamento natural entre Coffea arabica (4x=44, 2C=2,62 pg) e Coffea canephora (2x=22, 2C=1,41 pg). Acredita-se que o ‘CIFC 4106’ é primeira planta de HT encontrada em 1927, numa plantação de C. arabica ‘Typica’ situada no Timor Leste. Estudos citogenéticos em Coffea têm possibilitado entender a história evolutiva e inferir as contribuições dos genomas parentais na formação de alopoliploides, como C. arabica. Nesse sentido, o conteúdo de DNA cromossômico; mensurado pela combinação da citogenética, citometria de fluxo e de imagem; gerou dados relevantes acerca da origem de C. arabica, um alotetraploide verdadeiro. O presente trabalho objetivou quantificar o conteúdo de DNA nuclear, caracterizar o cariótipo e mensurar o conteúdo de DNA cromossômico do HT e dos seus ancestrais: C. canephora, C. eugenioides e C. arabica. O valor 2C médio nuclear e o número cromossômico variou entre os quatro Coffea: C. canephora (2x=22, 2C=1,41 pg), C. eugenioides (2x=22, 2C=1,38 pg), HT (3x=33, 2C=2,10 pg) e C. arabica (4x=44, 2C=2,62 pg). Portanto, uma série euploide foi confirmada, destacando o conteúdo de DNA do HT equivalente a soma dos valores 1C dos seus progenitores. A caracterização do cariograma mostrou a predominância de cromossomos metacêntricos e submetacêntricos, com exceção apenas de um par acrocêntrico (22) em C. arabica. Distribuindo os valores médios 2C nuclear pelos valores médios de densidade óptica integrada; obtidos por meio da citometria de imagem; o conteúdo de DNA de cada cromossomo dos quatro Coffea foi mensurado. O valor 1C cromossômico de C. canephora oscilou de 0,090 (cromossomo 1) a 0,050 pg (11), C. eugenioides de 0,095 (cromossomo 1) a 0,044 pg (11), C. arabica de 0,090 (cromossomo 1) a 0,030 pg (22), e HT de 0,104 (cromossomo 1) a 0,026 pg (33). Os dados qualitativos (classes cromossômicas) e quantitativos (valor 1C) dos Coffea foram comparados, evidenciando a contribuição das três espécies de Coffea na origem do alotriploide HT.
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Sanglard NA, Amaral-Silva PM, Oliveira SCD, Sattler MC, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. Confirmação da indução da hexaploidia do alotriploide “Híbrido de Timor” ‘CIFC 4106’ por contagem cromossômica. Semin Cienc Biol Saude 2018. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As diversas estratégias empregadas para indução da duplicação cromossômica geram indivíduos com diferentes ploidias, inclusive mixoploides. Nesse sentido, é fundamental o uso de métodos que distinguem esses indivíduos. Dentre os métodos diretos, o único que inequivocamente confirma o nível de ploidia é a contagem cromossômica. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo determinar o número cromossômico de alotriploides e hexaploides putativos oriundos da indução da duplicação cromossômica do alotriploide Híbrido de Timor (HT) ‘CIFC 4106’ (Coffea arabica x Coffea canephora). 48 plântulas foram regeneradas a partir de um novo procedimento, envolvendo calos embriogênicos friáveis tratados com colchicina (0,5; 1,5 ou 2,5 mM) por 96 h. A citometria de fluxo (CF) foi realizada a partir de fragmentos foliares dos indivíduos regenerados, pré-selecionando os alotriploides e os supostos hexaploides. Meristemas radiculares desses indivíduos foram tratados com 90 µM de ciclohexamida e 4 µM amiprofos-metil durante 1 h 45 min a 25ºC, e macerados em pool enzimático (celulase 4%, macerozime 1% e hemicelulase 0,4%) por 2 h a 34ºC. Em lâminas preparadas por dissociação celular e secagem ao ar, metáfases com 2n=3x=33 e com 2n=6x=66 cromossomos foram encontradas. A técnica empregada permitiu a obtenção de cromossomos bem espalhados na lâmina, garantindo uma contagem precisa do número de cromossomos. O procedimento citogenético foi primordial em virtude do elevado número de cromossomos, uma vez que, a técnica de esmagamento amplamente empregada, possivelmente resultaria em cromossomos sobrepostos. A CF possibilitou o screening de muitas plântulas em um curto período de tempo, mas a contagem cromossômica foi primordial para a determinação do nível de ploidia, uma vez que, pequenas alterações aneuploides podem não ser detectadas pelo citômetro de fluxo. Por se tratar de um experimento conduzido in vitro, a obtenção de cromossomos metafásicos é favorecida pela alta taxa proliferativa do material biológico, aliado a uma padronização refinada dos pré-tratamentos citogenéticos. O resultado da CF corroborou com a citogenética, permitindo avaliar o nível de ploidia a partir de diferentes tecidos, folhas e raízes, respectivamente. Dessa forma, a determinação do número de cromossomos deve ser parte indispensável do rigor experimental em experimentos de duplicação cromossômica.
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Amaral Silva PM, Carvalho RFD, Spadeto MS, Carrijo TT, Clarindo WR. Primeiras descrições cariotípicas para Myrsine (Primulaceae): comparando três espécies. Semin Cienc Biol Saude 2018. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Estudos citogenéticos para o gênero dioico Myrsine, assim como para outros táxons da família Primulaceae, apresentaram apenas o número cromossômico. Uma caracterização morfométrica minuciosa gera subsídios para a compreensão da sistemática e evolução das espécies. Dessa forma, padronizações meticulosas nos procedimentos citogenéticos, combinados com os avanços em microscopia e sistemas de análise de imagens, fornecem uma caracterização acurada de um cariótipo. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o número cromossômico e caracterizar o cariótipo deMyrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult, Myrsine umbellata Mart. e Myrsine parvifolia DC.. Cromossomos metafásicos individualizados, achatados na lâmina, com constrições primárias e secundária bem definidas e livres de danos na cromatina e vestígios citoplasmáticos são fundamentais para uma caracterização acurada do cariotópico. Tais aspectos foram encontrados em metáfases obtidas de meristemas radiculares de plântulas cultivadas in vitro e tratados com 5 µM de amiprofos-metil (APM) durante 12 h a 4ºC e macerados em pool enzimático (celulase 4 %, macerozime 1% e hemicelulase 0,4%) por 1 h 30 min a 34ºC. Em lâminas preparadas por dissociação celular e secagem ao ar, foram observadas células com 2n = 45 cromossomos em 8,45% dos indivíduos de M. coriacea e 12,6% de M. parvifolia, e 2n = 46 cromossomos para a maioria dos indivíduos das três espécies. A análise morfométrica evidenciou 5 pares de cromossomos metacêntricos, 17 submetacêntricos e 1 acrocêntrico para M. coriacea; 9 metacêntricos e 14 submetacêntricos para M. umbellata; e 3 metacêntricos e 20 submetacêntricos para M. parvifolia. Os dados obtidos representam os primeiros cariogramas montados para o gênero Myrsine, os quais apresentaram pares de cromossomos morfologicamente idênticos e distintos, assim como classes cromossômicas variadas. Os dados obtidos sugerem que alterações cromossômicas estruturais ocorreram durante a evolução cariotípica de Myrsine. O número cromossômico ímpar 2n = 45 foi marcado pela ausência do par homólogo do cromossomo 23. Assim, outras abordagens citogenéticas devem ser separadamente realizadas em indivíduos masculinos e femininos de Myrsine para conhecer a causa desta aneuploidia. Os dados obtidos representam a base para a compreensão da evolução do cariótipo em Myrsine.
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Abstract
The karyotype is a basic concept regarding the genome, fundamentally described by the number and morphological features of all chromosomes. Chromosome class, centromeric index, intra- and interchromosomal asymmetry index, and constriction localization are important in clinical, systematic and evolutionary approaches. In spite of the advances in karyotype characterization made over the last years, new data about the chromosomes can be generated from quantitative methods, such as image cytometry. Therefore, using Zea mays L., this study aimed to update the species' karyotype by supplementing information on chromosome DNA sizing. After adjustment of the procedures, chromosome morphometry and class as well as knob localization enabled describing the Z. mays karyotype. In addition, applying image cytometry, DNA sizing was unprecedentedly measured for the arms and satellite of all chromosomes. This way, unambiguous identification of the chromosome pairs, and hence the assembly of 51 karyograms, were only possible after the DNA sizing of each chromosome, their arms and satellite portions. These accurate, quantitative and reproducible data also enabled determining the distribution and variation of DNA content in each chromosome. From this, a correlation between DNA amount and total chromosome length evidenced that the mean DNA content of chromosome 9 was higher than that of chromosome 8. The chromosomal DNA sizing updated the Z. mays karyotype, providing insights into its dynamic genome with regards to the organization of the ten chromosomes and their respective portions. Considering the results and the relevance of cytogenetics in the current scenario of comparative sequencing and genomics, chromosomal DNA sizing should be incorporated as an additional parameter for karyotype definition. Based on this study, it can be affirmed that cytogenetic approaches go beyond the simple morphological description of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Coutinho Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa–MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa–MG, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Alegre, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre–ES, Brazil
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Artico LL, Mazzocato AC, Ferreira JL, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. Karyotype characterization and comparison of three hexaploid species of Bromus Linnaeus, 1753 (Poaceae). Comp Cytogenet 2017; 11:213-223. [PMID: 28919960 PMCID: PMC5596990 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v11i2.11572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome morphometry and nuclear DNA content are useful data for cytotaxonomy and to understand the evolutionary history of different taxa. For the genus Bromus Linnaeus, 1753, distinct ploidy levels have been reported, occurring from diploid to duodecaploid species. The geographic distribution of Bromus species has been correlated with chromosome number and ploidy level. In this study, the aims were to determine the nuclear genome size and characterize the karyotype of the South American Bromus species: Bromus auleticus Trinius ex Nees, 1829, Bromus brachyanthera Döll, 1878 and Bromus catharticus Vahl, 1791. The mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 12.64 pg for B. catharticus to 2C = 17.92 pg for B. auleticus, meaning a maximum variation of 2C = 5.28 pg, equivalent to 41.70%. Despite this significant difference in 2C value, the three species exhibit the same chromosome number, 2n = 6x = 42, which confirms their hexaploid origin. Corroborating the genome size, the chromosome morphometry (total, short- and long-arm length) and, consequently, the class differed among the karyotypes of the species. Based on the first karyograms for these Bromus species, some morphologically similar and several distinct chromosome pairs were found. Therefore, the karyotype characterization confirmed the hexaploid origin of the studied Bromus species, which differ in relation to the karyogram and the nuclear 2C value. Considering this, cytogenetics and flow cytometry can be used to discriminate Bromus species, contributing to taxonomy and systematic studies and providing information on the evolutionary history of this taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Luís Artico
- Setor de Plantas Forrageiras, Embrapa Pecuária Sul. CEP: 96.401-970, Bagé – RS, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Lino Ferreira
- Setor de Plantas Forrageiras, Embrapa Pecuária Sul. CEP: 96.401-970, Bagé – RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. CEP: 36.570-000, Viçosa – MG, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. CEP: 29.500-000, Alegre – ES, Brazil
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de Carvalho RF, Amaral-Silva PM, Spadeto MS, Nunes ACP, Carrijo TT, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. First karyotype description and nuclear 2C value for Myrsine (Primulaceae): comparing three species. Comp Cytogenet 2017; 11:163-177. [PMID: 28919956 PMCID: PMC5599700 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies in Primulaceae are mostly available for herbaceous species, and are focused on the chromosome number determination. An accurate karyotype characterization represents a starting point to know the morphometry and class of the chromosomes. Comparison among species within Myrsine, associating these data with the nuclear 2C value, can show changes that led the karyotype evolution. Here, we studied three Myrsine species [Myrsine coriacea (Swartz, 1788) Brown ex Roemer et Schultes, 1819, Myrsine umbellata Martius, 1841 and Myrsine parvifolia Candolle, 1841] that show different abilities to occupy the varied types of vegetation within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Cytogenetic characterization showed some individuals with 2n = 45 chromosomes for Myrsine parvifolia and Myrsine coriacea, with most individuals of the three species having 2n = 46. The first karyograms for Myrsine were assembled and presented morphologically identical and distinct chromosome pairs. In addition, differences in the mean 2C nuclear value and chromosome morphometry were found. Therefore, the first description of the Myrsine karyotype has been presented, as well as the nuclear 2C value. The procedures can be applied to other Myrsine species for future investigations in order to better understand its effects on the differential spatial occupation abilities shown by the species in Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Flávia de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências
Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29.500-000 Alegre (ES),
Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcos Amaral-Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências
Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29.500-000 Alegre (ES),
Brazil
| | - Micheli Sossai Spadeto
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências
Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29.500-000 Alegre (ES),
Brazil
| | - Andrei Caíque Pires Nunes
- Laboratório de Biometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de
Viçosa, 36.570-000 Viçosa (MG), Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias,
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29.500-000 Alegre (ES), Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro
de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36.570-000 Viçosa (MG),
Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências
Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29.500-000 Alegre (ES),
Brazil
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Spadeto MS, Carrijo TT, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. The Cornerstone for in Vitro Propagation and Ploidy Stability of Myrsine (Primulaceae) Species. CYTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.82.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Sossai Spadeto
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Marques AM, Tuler AC, Carvalho CR, Carrijo TT, Ferreira MFDS, Clarindo WR. Refinement of the karyological aspects of Psidium guineense (Swartz, 1788): a comparison with Psidium guajava (Linnaeus, 1753). Comp Cytogenet 2016; 10:117-128. [PMID: 27186342 PMCID: PMC4856930 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i1.6462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Euploidy plays an important role in the evolution and diversification of Psidium Linnaeus, 1753. However, few data about the nuclear DNA content, chromosome characterization (morphometry and class) and molecular markers have been reported for this genus. In this context, the present study aims to shed light on the genome of Psidium guineense Swartz, 1788, comparing it with Psidium guajava Linnaeus, 1753. Using flow cytometry, the nuclear 2C value of Psidium guineense was 2C = 1.85 picograms (pg), and the karyotype showed 2n = 4x = 44 chromosomes. Thus, Psidium guineense has four chromosome sets, in accordance with the basic chromosome number of Psidium (x = 11). In addition, karyomorphometric analysis revealed morphologically identical chromosome groups in the karyotype of Psidium guineense. The high transferability of microsatellites (98.6%) further corroborates with phylogenetic relationship between Psidium guajava and Psidium guineense. Based on the data regarding nuclear genome size, karyotype morphometry and molecular markers of Psidium guineense and Psidium guajava (2C = 0.95 pg, 2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes), Psidium guineense is a tetraploid species. These data reveal the role of euploidy in the diversification of the genus Psidium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise Machado Marques
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
| | - Amélia Carlos Tuler
- Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22.460-036 Rio de Janeiro – RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP: 36.570-000 Viçosa – MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
| | - Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética e Melhoramento Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
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Abstract
This article provides an up-to-date review concerning from basic issues of polyploidy to aspects regarding the relevance and role of both natural and artificial polyploids in plant breeding programs. Polyploidy is a major force in the evolution of both wild and cultivated plants. Polyploid organisms often exhibit increased vigor and, in some cases, outperform their diploid relatives in several aspects. This remarkable superiority of polyploids has been the target of many plant breeders in the last century, who have induced polyploidy and/or used natural polyploids in many ways to obtain increasingly improved plant cultivars. Some of the most important consequences of polyploidy for plant breeding are the increment in plant organs ("gigas" effect), buffering of deleterious mutations, increased heterozygosity, and heterosis (hybrid vigor). Regarding such features as tools, cultivars have been generated with higher yield levels, improving the product quality and increasing the tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In some cases, when the crossing between two species is not possible because of differences in ploidy level, polyploids can be used as a bridge for gene transferring between them. In addition, polyploidy often results in reduced fertility due to meiotic errors, allowing the production of seedless varieties. On the other hand, the genome doubling in a newly formed sterile hybrid allows the restoration of its fertility. Based on these aspects, the present review initially concerns the origin, frequency and classification of the polyploids, progressing to show the revolution promoted by the discovery of natural polyploids and polyploidization induction in the breeding program status of distinct crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cansian Sattler
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, CEP: 36.570-000, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil.
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Amaral-Silva PM, Clarindo WR, Carrijo TT, Carvalho CR, Praça-Fontes MM. The contribution of cytogenetics and flow cytometry for understanding the karyotype evolution in three Dorstenia (Linnaeus, 1753) species (Moraceae). Comp Cytogenet 2016; 10:97-108. [PMID: 27186340 PMCID: PMC4856928 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i1.6719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome morphometry and nuclear DNA content are useful data for cytotaxonomy and for understanding the evolutionary history of different taxa. However, the chromosome number is the only karyotype aspect reported for the species of Dorstenia so far. In this study, the nuclear genome size of Dorstenia arifolia (Lamarck, 1786), Dorstenia bonijesu (Carauta & C. Valente, 1983) and Dorstenia elata (Hooker, 1840) was evaluated and their karyotype morphometry accomplished, with the aim of verifying the potential of those parameters to understand evolutionary issues. Mean nuclear 2C value ranged from 2C = 3.49 picograms (pg) for Dorstenia elata to 2C = 5.47 pg for Dorstenia arifolia, a variation of ± 1.98 pg. Even though showing a marked difference in 2C value, the three species exhibited the same 2n = 32. Corroborating the flow cytometry data, differences in chromosome morphology were found among the karyotypes of the species investigated. Based on this and the only phylogeny proposed for Dorstenia thus far, structural rearrangements are related to the karyotype variations among the three species. Besides, the karyological analysis suggests a polyploid origin of the Dorstenia species studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Marcos Amaral-Silva
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Laboratório de Botânica, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa. CEP: 36.570-000 Viçosa – MG, Brazil
| | - Milene Miranda Praça-Fontes
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. CEP: 29.500-000 Alegre – ES, Brazil
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Sattler MC, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. Regeneration of Allotriploid Coffea Plants from Tissue Culture: Resolving the Propagation Problems Promoted by Irregular Meiosis. CYTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.81.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cansian Sattler
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Abreu IS, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. Massal Induction of Carica papaya L. ^|^lsquo;Golden^|^rsquo; Somatic Embryos and Somaclone Screening by Flow Cytometry and Cytogenetic Analysis. CYTOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.79.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Santiago Abreu
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana Poton Arcobeli Cola
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Anelise Machado Marques
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Samara Damasceno
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Praça-Fontes MM, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. C-value reassessment of plant standards: an image cytometry approach. Plant Cell Rep 2011; 30:2303-12. [PMID: 21850594 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Image cytometry (ICM) has been used to measure DNA 2C-values by evaluating the optical density of Feulgen-stained nuclei. This optical measurement is carried out using three basic tools: microscopy, digital video camera, and image analysis software. Because ICM has been applied to plants, some authors have remarked that studies should be performed before this technique can be accepted as an accurate method for determination of plant genome size. Based on this, the 2C-value of eight plants, which are widely used as standards in DNA quantifications, was reassessed in a cascade-like manner, from A. thaliana through R. sativus, S. lycopersicum, Glycine max, Z. mays, P. sativum, V. faba, to A. cepa. The mean 2C-values of all plants were statistically compared to the values reported by other authors using flow cytometry and/or ICM. These analyses demonstrated that ICM is an accurate and reliable method for 2C-value measurement, representing an attractive alternative to flow cytometry. Statistical comparison of the results also indicated Glycine max 'Polanka' as the most adequate primary standard. However, distinct authors have been advised that 2C DNA content of the reference standard should be close to that of the sample. As three further approaches also revisited the 2C-value of these eight plants, we have thus proposed a mean 2C-value for each eight species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Miranda Praça-Fontes
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, CEP 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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Praça-Fontes MM, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR, Cruz CD. Revisiting the DNA C-values of the genome size-standards used in plant flow cytometry to choose the "best primary standards". Plant Cell Rep 2011; 30:1183-91. [PMID: 21318354 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) techniques have enabled characterization of the genome size for various plant species. In order to measure the nuclear genome size of a species, reference standards with well-established DNA content are necessary. However, different 2C-values have been described for the same species used as reference standard. This fact has brought about inaccurate genome measurements, making relevant the establishment of optimal DNA reference standards for plant cytometric analyses. Our work revisited the genome size of Arabidopsis thaliana and other seven plant standards, which were denominated "Doležel's standard set" and have been widely used in plant DNA measurements. These eight plant standards were reassessed for a comparative measurement of their DNA content values, using each plant species as primary standard in a cascade-like manner, from A. thaliana to Allium cepa. The genome size values obtained here were compared to those reported in the literature by statistical analyses. As a result, Raphanus sativus and Drosophila melanogaster were considered the most inadequate primary standards, whereas A. thaliana, Solanum lycopersicum and Pisum sativum were found to be the most suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Miranda Praça-Fontes
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
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Ronildo Clarindo W, Roberto Carvalho C. Flow cytometric analysis using SYBR Green I for genome size estimation in coffee. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:221-5. [PMID: 20149417 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plant genome size has been measured by flow cytometry using propidium iodide as a dye for nuclear DNA staining. However, some authors have reported the occurrence of genome size estimation errors, especially in plants rich in secondary metabolites, such as the coffee tree. In this context, we tested an alternative cytometric protocol using the SYBR Green I as a fluorochrome for stoichiometrically staining nuclear double-stranded DNA in Coffea canephora (2x) and Coffea arabica (4x). The results showed that the respective mean genome size measured from nuclei stained with SYBR Green I and propidium iodide was statistically identical. However, the G(0)/G(1) peaks of nuclei stained with SYBR Green I exhibited lower coefficient variations (1.57-2.85%) compared to those stained with propidium iodide (2.75-4.80%). Coefficient variation statistical data suggest that SYBR Green I is adequate for stoichiometric nuclei staining using this methodology. Our results provide evidence that SYBR Green I can be used in flow cytometry measurements of plants, with the advantages of minimizing errors in nuclear DNA content quantification, staining relatively quicker, with high affinity, and being less mutagenic than propidium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Abstract
Image cytometry (ICM) associates microscopy, digital image and software technologies, and has been particularly useful in spatial and densitometric cytological analyses, such as DNA ploidy and DNA content measurements. Basically, ICM integrates methodologies of optical microscopy calibration, standard density filters, digital CCD camera, and image analysis softwares for quantitative applications. Apart from all system calibration and setup, cytological protocols must provide good slide preparations for efficient and reliable ICM analysis. In this chapter, procedures for ICM applications employed in our laboratory are described. Protocols shown here for human DNA ploidy determination and quantification of nuclear and chromosomal DNA content in plants could be used as described, or adapted for other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cytogenetic and Cytometry, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Mendonça MAC, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. DNA content differences between male and female chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) nuclei and Z and W chromosomes resolved by image cytometry. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:229-35. [PMID: 19875846 PMCID: PMC2825488 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2009.954727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken red blood cells (CRBCs) are widely used as standards for DNA content determination. Cytogenetic data have shown that the Z sex chromosome is approximately twice as large as the W, so that the DNA content differs to some extent between male (ZZ) and female (ZW) chickens. Despite this fact, male and female CRBCs have been indiscriminately used in absolute genome size determination. Our work was conducted to verify whether the DNA content differences between male and female Gallus gallus domesticus "Leghorn" nuclei and ZZ/ZW chromosomes can be resolved by image cytometry (ICM). Air-dried smears stained by Feulgen reaction were used for nuclei analysis. Chicken metaphase spreads upon Feulgen staining were analyzed for obtaining quantitative information on the Z and W chromosomes. Before each capture session, we conducted quality control of the ICM instrumentation. Our results from nuclear measurements showed that the 2C value is 0.09 pg higher in males than in females. In chromosomes, we found that the Z chromosome shows 200% more DNA content than does the W chromosome. ICM demonstrated resolution power to discriminate low DNA content differences in genomes. We suggest prudence in the general use of CRBC 2C values as standards in comparative cytometric analysis.
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Clarindo WR, Carvalho CR. Comparison of the Coffea canephora and C. arabica karyotype based on chromosomal DNA content. Plant Cell Rep 2009; 28:73-81. [PMID: 18841372 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear genome size has been measured in various plants, seeing that knowledge of the DNA content is useful for taxonomic and evolutive studies, plant breeding programs and genome sequencing projects. Besides the nuclear DNA content, tools and protocols to quantify the chromosomal DNA content have been also applied, expanding the data about genomic structure. This study was conducted in order to calculate the Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica chromosomal DNA content, associating cytogenetic methodologies with flow cytometry (FCM) and image cytometry (ICM) tools. FCM analysis showed that the mean nuclear DNA content of C. canephora and C. arabica is 2C = 1.41 and 2.62 pg, respectively. The cytogenetic methodology provided prometaphase and metaphase cells exhibiting adequate chromosomes for the ICM measurements and karyogram assembly. Based on cytogenetic, FCM and ICM results; it was possible to calculate the chromosomal DNA content of the two species. The 1C chromosomal DNA content of C. canephora ranged from 0.09 (chromosome 1) to 0.05 pg (chromosome 11) and C. arabica from 0.09 (chromosome 1) to 0.03 pg (chromosome 22). The methodology presented in this study was suitable for DNA content measuring of each chromosome of C. canephora and C. arabica. The cytogenetic characterization and chromosomal DNA content analyses evidenced that C. arabica is a true allotetraploid originated from a cross between Coffea diploid species. Besides, the same analyses also reinforce that C. canephora is a possible progenitor of C. arabica.
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de Abreu IS, Carvalho CR, Clarindo WR. Chromosomal DNA content of sweet pepper determined by association of cytogenetic and cytometric tools. Plant Cell Rep 2008; 27:1227-1233. [PMID: 18347800 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear DNA content of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum, 2n = 24) has been measured by flow and image cytometries but the DNA content of each chromosome of this species has not yet been regarded. DNA content of individual chromosomes has been quantified by the flow karyotyping technique, which requires a great quantity of intact metaphasic chromosomes and methods that allow the characterization of individual chromosomes; however, the obtainment of adequate number of metaphases can be difficult in some species like C. annuum. In order to estimate the DNA content of each C. annuum var. annuum cv. "New Mexican" chromosome, flow and image cytometries were associated with the cytogenetic methodology. First, the DNA amount (2C = 6.90 pg) was established by flow cytometry. Integrated optical density (IOD) values were calculated by image cytometry for each Feulgen stained metaphasic chromosome. Then, by distributing the correspondent metaphasic value (4C = 13.80 pg) proportionally to average IOD values, the following chromosomal DNA contents were obtained in pg: 0.74 (chromosome 1), 0.67 (2), 0.61 (3, 4), 0.60 (5), 0.59 (6, 7), 0.58 (8), 0.57 (9), 0.56 (10) and 0.39 (11, 12). This study reports an alternative and reproducible technique that makes quantifying the chromosomal DNA content possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Santiago de Abreu
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-000, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular. BIOAGRO. Universidade Federal de Viçosa
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso-UNEMAT
| | | | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Gonçalves LDA, Clarindo WR, de Carvalho CR, Otoni WC. Cytogenetics and Flow Cytometry-based DNA Quantification in Herreria salsaparilha Martius (Herreriaceae): a Medicinal Species. CYTOLOGIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.72.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil
| | - Carlos Roberto de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Citometria, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Cytometry, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
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