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Karami P, Tavakoli S, Esmaeili M. Monitoring spatiotemporal impacts of changes in land surface temperature on near eastern fire salamander ( Salamandra infraimmaculata) in the Middle East. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17241. [PMID: 37360077 PMCID: PMC10285218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistence and coexistence of many pond-breeding amphibians depend on seasonality. Temperature, as a seasonal climate component, affects numerous physical and biological processes of pond-breeding amphibians. Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) is the radiative skin temperature of the land surface, which has received less attention in spatiotemporal seasonal habitat monitoring. The present study aims to evaluate the increasing and decreasing effects of LST trends at two levels: (1) habitat suitability and connectivity; (2) individual population sites and their longitudinal distribution (with increasing longitude). Habitat suitability modeling was conducted based on an ensemble species distribution model (eSDM). Using electrical circuit theory, the connectivity of interior and intact habitat cores was investigated. An average seasonal LST was prepared separately for each season from 2003 to 2021 and entered into Mann-Kendall (MK) analysis to determine the spatiotemporal effects of LST changes using the Z-Score (ZMK) at two confidence levels of 95 and 99%. Based on the results, in winter, 28.12% and 70.70% of the suitable habitat were affected by an increasing trend of LST at 95% and 99% confidence levels, respectively. The highest spatial overlap of the decreasing trend of LST with the suitable habitat occurred in summer and was 6.4% at the 95% confidence level and 4.2% at the 99% confidence level. Considering population site at 95% confidence interval, the increasing trend of LST was calculated to be 20.2%, 9.5%, 4.2%, and 6.3% of localities in winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. At the 99% confidence level, these percentages reduced to 8.5%, 3.1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. During winter and summer, based on the results of the longitudinal trend, an increasing trend of LST was observed in sites. Localities of Hatay and Iica village in Turkey experienced seasonally asynchronous climate change regimes. The approach used in this study allowed us to create a link between the life cycle and seasonal changes on a micro-scale (breeding sites) and macro-scale (distribution and connectivity). Findings of this paper can be effectively used by conservation managers to preserve S. infraimmaculata's metapopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Karami
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Sajad Tavakoli
- Department of Environmental and Forest Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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2
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Safaei-Mahroo B, Ghaffari H, Niamir A. A synoptic review of the Amphibians of Iran: bibliography, taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, conservation status, and identification key to the eggs, larvae, and adults. Zootaxa 2023; 5279:1-112. [PMID: 37518755 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5279.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides an illustrated account, a comprehensive update of the systematics, and a bibliography of the 15 species of anurans in five families, eight genera; and of the six species of urodeles in two families, four genera in Iran. Bufonidae, with eight species, is the most diverse family; Salamandridae has five species and Ranidae has four species. This study also presents updated identification keys for the eggs, larvae, and metamorphosed amphibians of Iran. We designated specimen NMW 19855.1 as neotype of Pelophylax persicus (Schneider, 1799) comb. nov.. Along with distribution maps obtained from all the reliable localities and museum specimens known at this time, the modelled habitat of species, and for the first time, the National Red List of amphibians based on the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Based on our evaluation we propose to categorize Bufo eichwaldi, Paradactylodon persicus, Neurergus derjugini, and N. kaiseri as Vulnerable at National Red List, and to move Bufotes (Calliopersa) luristanicus, B. (C.) surdus, Firouzophrynus olivaceus, and Rana pseudodalmatina from the category of Least Concern (LC) to Near Threatened (NT). The National Red List of amphibians that we propose has significant implications for endangered species management and conservation. Forty-one percent of amphibian species in Iran are endemic to the country, and more than forty percent of the Iranian amphibians are at risk of extinction. Zagros Mountain forest and Hyrcaniain forests have more than 80% (i.e. 18 species) of the diversity of Iranian amphibians. A considerable amount of scientific literature published on Iranian amphibians in Persian language is not easily accessible to researchers outside Iran. This monograph attempts to remedy the situation and provides broader access to international herpetology. We recognize that taxonomy is always in a state of flux, and the names and synonymies used here reflect our current view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanyeh Ghaffari
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Natural Resources; University of Kurdistan; Sanandaj; Iran.
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre; Frankfurt am Main; Germany.
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3
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Mulder KP, Alarcón-Ríos L, Nicieza AG, Fleischer RC, Bell RC, Velo-Antón G. Independent evolutionary transitions to pueriparity across multiple timescales in the viviparous genus Salamandra. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 167:107347. [PMID: 34763070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to bear live offspring, viviparity, has evolved multiple times across the tree of life and is a remarkable adaptation with profound life-history and ecological implications. Within amphibians the ancestral reproductive mode is oviparity followed by a larval life stage, but viviparity has evolved independently in all three amphibian orders. Two types of viviparous reproduction can be distinguished in amphibians; larviparity and pueriparity. Larviparous amphibians deliver larvae into nearby ponds and streams, while pueriparous amphibians deliver fully developed juveniles and thus do not require waterbodies for reproduction. Among amphibians, the salamander genus Salamandra is remarkable as it exhibits both inter- and intraspecific variation in the occurrence of larviparity and pueriparity. While the evolutionary relationships among Salamandra lineages have been the focus of several recent studies, our understanding of how often and when transitions between modes occurred is still incomplete. Furthermore, in species with intraspecific variation, the reproductive mode of a given population can only be confirmed by direct observation of births and thus the prevalence of pueriparous populations is also incompletely documented. We used sequence capture to obtain 1,326 loci from 94 individuals from across the geographic range of the genus, focusing on potential reproductive mode transition zones. We also report additional direct observations of pueriparous births for 20 new locations and multiple lineages. We identify at least five independent transitions from the ancestral mode of larviparity to pueriparity among and within species, occurring at different evolutionary timescales ranging from the Pliocene to the Holocene. Four of these transitions occurred within species. Based on a distinct set of markers and analyses, we also confirm previous findings of introgression between species and the need for taxonomic revisions in the genus. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to the evolution of this complex trait, and the potential of using five independent convergent transitions for further studies on the ecological context in which pueriparity evolves and the genetic architecture of this specialized reproductive mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Mulder
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1000 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA; Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
| | - Lucía Alarcón-Ríos
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo UO, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo G Nicieza
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo UO, Oviedo, Spain; Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias-CSIC, 33600 Mieres, Spain
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | - Rayna C Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1000 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20560, USA; Herpetology Department, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Universidade de Vigo, Grupo GEA, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Vigo, Spain.
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4
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de Rysky E, Roberta B, Andrea C, Daniele C. Measuring athletic performance in post-metamorphic fire salamanders. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:399. [PMID: 34702356 PMCID: PMC8549336 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Athletic performances are dynamic movements that are physically challenging and often predict individual success in ecological contexts. They stem from a complex integration of multiple phenotypic traits-e.g., morphological, physiological and behavioural-that dictate animal survival and individual fitness. However, directly quantifying athletic performances can be particularly challenging in cryptic, slow-moving species or not very reactive in attitude. Here we present and describe a rapid, simple, and low-cost method to measure athletic performance in post-metamorphic individuals of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra. While extremely reactive during the larval stage, adult salamanders are, in fact, cryptic and relatively slow-moving. RESULTS Forcing terrestrial juveniles to swim under standard, albeit ecologically plausible, laboratory conditions, and using an automatic point-mass tracking tool, we were able to measure maximal and average performance indicators of post-metamorphic individuals. This method avoids inter-individual variation in motivation, as it forces individuals to perform at their best. Moreover, with this method, measures of athletic performance will be directly comparable between larval and terrestrial stages, allowing to study the contribution of carryover effects to the wide range of processes implicated in the eco-evo-devo of athletic performance in salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica de Rysky
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Bisconti Roberta
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Chiocchio Andrea
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Canestrelli Daniele
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Ecologiche E Biologiche, Università Della Tuscia. Viale Dell'Università S.N.C, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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5
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Potential changes in the distributions of Near Eastern fire salamander (Salamandra infraimmaculata) in response to historical, recent and future climate change in the Near and Middle East: Implication for conservation and management. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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6
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Brejcha J, kodejš K, Benda P, Jablonski D, Holer T, Chmelař J, Moravec J. Variability of colour pattern and genetic diversity of Salamandra salamandra (Caudata: Salamandridae) in the Czech Republic. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Brejcha
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Praha-Horní Počernice, Czech Republic; e-mail:
| | - Karel kodejš
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Praha-Horní Počernice, Czech Republic; e-mail:
| | - Pavel Benda
- Bohemian Switzerland National Park, Krásná Lípa, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jablonski
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Holer
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Chmelař
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Moravec
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Praha-Horní Počernice, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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7
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Vaissi S. Historic range dynamics in Kaiser's mountain newt ( Neurergus kaiseri): Insights from phylogeographic analyses and species distribution modeling. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7622-7633. [PMID: 34188839 PMCID: PMC8216884 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable Kaiser's mountain newt, Neurergus kaiseri, is endemic to highland streams, springs, and pools of the southwestern Zagros mountain, Iran. The present study aimed to use an integration of phylogeographical and species distribution modeling (SDM) approaches to provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the species throughout Quaternary climate oscillations. The phylogeographical analysis was followed by analyzing two mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) markers including 127 control region (D-loop) and 72 NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2) sequences from 15 populations in the entire species range that were obtained from GenBank. Potential recent and past distribution (the Last Glacial Maximum, LGM, 21 Kya and the Mid-Holocene, 6 Kya) reconstructed by ensemble SDM using nine algorithms with CCSM4, MIROC-ESM, and MPI-ESM-P models. N. kaiseri displayed two distinct lineages in the northern and southern regions that diverged in the Early-Pleistocene. The demographics analysis showed signs of a slight increase in effective population size for both northern and southern populations in the Mid-Pleistocene. Biogeography analysis showed that both vicariance and dispersal events played an important role in the formation of recent species distribution of N. kaiseri. Based on SDM projection onto paleoclimatic data, N. kaiseri displayed a scenario of past range expansion that followed by postglacial contraction. The models showed that the distribution range of the species may have shifted to a lower altitude during LGM while with amelioration of climatic during Mid-Holocene to recent conditions caused the species to shift to the higher altitude. The findings of the current study support the hypothesis that the Zagros mountains may be acting as climatic refugia and play an important role in the protection of isolated populations during climate oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Vaissi
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceRazi UniversityKermanshahIran
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8
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Phylogenetics of mud snakes (Squamata: Serpentes: Homalopsidae): A paradox of both undescribed diversity and taxonomic inflation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 160:107109. [PMID: 33609712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mud snakes (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) are a family of 55 described, mainly aquatic, species primarily distributed throughout mainland Southeast Asia and the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Although they have been the focus of prior research, the basic relationships amongst genera and species remain poorly known. We used a combined mitochondrial and nuclear gene dataset to infer their phylogenetic relationships, using the highest levels of taxon and geographic sampling for any homalopsid phylogeny to date (62% generic and 62% species coverage; 140 individuals). Our results recover two reciprocally monophyletic groups: the fangless Brachyorrhos and its sister clade comprised of all rear-fanged homalopsids. Most genera and interspecific relationships were monophyletic and strongly supported, but intergeneric relationships and intraspecific population structure lack support. We find evidence of both undescribed diversity as well as cases of taxonomic inflation within several species. Tree-based species delimitation approaches (mPTP) support potential new candidate species as distinct from their conspecifics and also suggest that many named taxa may not be distinct species. Divergence date estimation and lineage-through-time analyses indicate lower levels of speciation in the Eocene, with a subsequent burst in diversification in the Miocene. Homalopsids may have diversified most rapidly during the Pliocene and Pleistocene, possibly in relation to tectonic shifts and sea-level fluctuations that took place in Sundaland and the Sahul Shelf. Our analyses provide new insights on homalopsid taxonomy, a baseline phylogeny for the family, and further biogeographic implications demonstrating how dynamic tectonics and Quaternary sea level changes may have shaped a widespread, diverse family of snakes.
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9
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Burgon JD, Vences M, Steinfartz S, Bogaerts S, Bonato L, Donaire-Barroso D, Martínez-Solano I, Velo-Antón G, Vieites DR, Mable BK, Elmer KR. Phylogenomic inference of species and subspecies diversity in the Palearctic salamander genus Salamandra. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 157:107063. [PMID: 33387650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The salamander genus Salamandra is widespread across Europe, North Africa, and the Near East and is renowned for its conspicuous and polymorphic colouration and diversity of reproductive modes. The phylogenetic relationships within the genus, and especially in the highly polymorphic species S. salamandra, have been very challenging to elucidate, leaving its real evolutionary history and classification at species and subspecies levels a topic of debate and contention. However, the distribution of diversity and species delimitation within the genus are critically important for identifying evolutionarily significant units for conservation and management, especially in light of threats posed by the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans that is causing massive declines of S. salamandra populations in central Europe. Here, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis from across the taxonomic and geographic breadth of the genus Salamandra in its entire range. Bayesian, maximum likelihood and network-based phylogenetic analyses of up to 4905 ddRADseq-loci (294,300 nucleotides of sequence) supported the distinctiveness of all currently recognised species (Salamandra algira, S. atra, S. corsica, S. infraimmaculata, S. lanzai, and S. salamandra), and all five species for which we have multiple exemplars were confirmed as monophyletic. Within S. salamandra, two main clades can be distinguished: one clade with the Apenninic subspecies S. s. gigliolii nested within the Iberian S. s. bernardezi/fastuosa; and a second clade comprising all other Iberian, Central and East European subspecies. Our analyses revealed that some of the currently recognized subspecies of S. salamandra are paraphyletic and may require taxonomic revision, with the Central- and Eastern-European subspecies all being poorly differentiated at the analysed genomic markers. Salamandra s. longirostris - sometimes considered a separate species - was nested within S. salamandra, consistent with its subspecies status. The relationships identified within and between Salamandra species provide valuable context for future systematic and biogeographic studies, and help elucidate critical evolutionary units for conservation and taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Burgon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Miguel Vences
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lucio Bonato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - David Donaire-Barroso
- Asociación Herpetológica Fretum Gaditanum, Calle Mar Egeo 7, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C./ José Gutiérrez Abascal n°2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas n° 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - David R Vieites
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C./ José Gutiérrez Abascal n°2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara K Mable
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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10
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Vlad SE, Cogălniceanu D, Băncilă RI, Stănescu F. A case of color aberration in a fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) larva. HERPETOZOA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e60163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Color aberrations in salamanders are caused by defective chromatophores or by disrupted synthesis of the pigments, and have been previously reported in Europe. In this paper we report the first case of leucism in a fire salamander larva from a cave-dwelling population in Romania. The leucistic larva was larger and heavier compared to the other larvae from the same breeding habitat.
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11
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Nicieza AG, Lourenço A, Velo-Antón G. The evolution of pueriparity maintains multiple paternity in a polymorphic viviparous salamander. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14744. [PMID: 32901062 PMCID: PMC7479106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction in fecundity associated with the evolution of viviparity may have far-reaching implications for the ecology, demography, and evolution of populations. The evolution of a polygamous behaviour (e.g. polyandry) may counteract some of the effects underlying a lower fecundity, such as the reduction in genetic diversity. Comparing patterns of multiple paternity between reproductive modes allows us to understand how viviparity accounts for the trade-off between offspring quality and quantity. We analysed genetic patterns of paternity and offspring genetic diversity across 42 families from two modes of viviparity in a reproductive polymorphic species, Salamandra salamandra. This species shows an ancestral (larviparity: large clutches of free aquatic larvae), and a derived reproductive mode (pueriparity: smaller clutches of larger terrestrial juveniles). Our results confirm the existence of multiple paternity in pueriparous salamanders. Furthermore, we show the evolution of pueriparity maintains, and even increases, the occurrence of multiple paternity and the number of sires compared to larviparity, though we did not find a clear effect on genetic diversity. High incidence of multiple paternity in pueriparous populations might arise as a mechanism to avoid fertilization failures and to ensure reproductive success, and thus has important implications in highly isolated populations with small broods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Alarcón-Ríos
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Área de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Valentín Andrés Álvarez S/N, 33071, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Alfredo G Nicieza
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Área de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Valentín Andrés Álvarez S/N, 33071, Oviedo, Spain.,Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB), CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias, Mieres, Spain
| | - André Lourenço
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão , Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão , Universidade do Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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12
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Burgon JD, Vieites DR, Jacobs A, Weidt SK, Gunter HM, Steinfartz S, Burgess K, Mable BK, Elmer KR. Functional colour genes and signals of selection in colour-polymorphic salamanders. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1284-1299. [PMID: 32159878 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coloration has been associated with multiple biologically relevant traits that drive adaptation and diversification in many taxa. However, despite the great diversity of colour patterns present in amphibians the underlying molecular basis is largely unknown. Here, we use insight from a highly colour-variable lineage of the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra bernardezi) to identify functional associations with striking variation in colour morph and pattern. The three focal colour morphs-ancestral black-yellow striped, fully yellow and fully brown-differed in pattern, visible coloration and cellular composition. From population genomic analyses of up to 4,702 loci, we found no correlations of neutral population genetic structure with colour morph. However, we identified 21 loci with genotype-phenotype associations, several of which relate to known colour genes. Furthermore, we inferred response to selection at up to 142 loci between the colour morphs, again including several that relate to coloration genes. By transcriptomic analysis across all different combinations, we found 196 differentially expressed genes between yellow, brown and black skin, 63 of which are candidate genes involved in animal coloration. The concordance across different statistical approaches and 'omic data sets provide several lines of evidence for loci linked to functional differences between colour morphs, including TYR, CAMK1 and PMEL. We found little association between colour morph and the metabolomic profile of its toxic compounds from the skin secretions. Our research suggests that current ecological and evolutionary hypotheses for the origins and maintenance of these striking colour morphs may need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Burgon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David R Vieites
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arne Jacobs
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stefan K Weidt
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen M Gunter
- Edinburgh Genomics, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit Molecular Ecology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karl Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Barbara K Mable
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Patton AH, Margres MJ, Epstein B, Eastman J, Harmon LJ, Storfer A. Hybridizing salamanders experience accelerated diversification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6566. [PMID: 32300150 PMCID: PMC7162952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63378-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether hybridization generates or erodes species diversity has long been debated, but to date most studies have been conducted at small taxonomic scales. Salamanders (order Caudata) represent a taxonomic order in which hybridization plays a prevalent ecological and evolutionary role. We employed a recently developed model of trait-dependent diversification to test the hypothesis that hybridization impacts the diversification dynamics of species that are currently hybridizing. We find strong evidence supporting this hypothesis, showing that hybridizing salamander lineages have significantly greater net-diversification rates than non-hybridizing lineages. This pattern is driven by concurrently increased speciation rates and decreased extinction rates in hybridizing lineages. Our results support the hypothesis that hybridization can act as a generative force in macroevolutionary diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin H Patton
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Mark J Margres
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.,Harvard University, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Brendan Epstein
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.,University of Minnesota, College of Biological Sciences, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - Luke J Harmon
- University of Idaho, Department of Biological Sciences and IBEST, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Andrew Storfer
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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14
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Zangl L, Daill D, Schweiger S, Gassner G, Koblmüller S. A reference DNA barcode library for Austrian amphibians and reptiles. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229353. [PMID: 32163447 PMCID: PMC7067431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, DNA barcoding became an established method for species identification in biodiversity inventories and monitoring studies. Such studies depend on the access to a comprehensive reference data base, covering all relevant taxa. Here we present a comprehensive DNA barcode inventory of all amphibian and reptile species native to Austria, except for the putatively extinct Vipera ursinii rakosiensis and Lissotriton helveticus, which has been only recently reported for the very western edge of Austria. A total of 194 DNA barcodes were generated in the framework of the Austrian Barcode of Life (ABOL) initiative. Species identification via DNA barcodes was successful for most species, except for the hybridogenetic species complex of water frogs (Pelophylax spp.) and the crested newts (Triturus spp.), in areas of sympatry. However, DNA barcoding also proved powerful in detecting deep conspecific lineages, e.g. within Natrix natrix or the wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), resulting in more than one Barcode Index Number (BIN) per species. Moreover, DNA barcodes revealed the presence of Natrix helvetica, which has been elevated to species level only recently, and genetic signatures of the Italian water frog Pelophylax bergeri in Western Austria for the first time. Comparison to previously published DNA barcoding data of European amphibians and reptiles corroborated the results of the Austrian data but also revealed certain peculiarities, underlining the particular strengths and in the case of the genus Pelophylax also the limitations of DNA barcoding. Consequently, DNA barcoding is not only powerful for species identification of all life stages of most Austrian amphibian and reptile species, but also for the detection of new species, the monitoring of gene flow or the presence of alien populations and/or species. Thus, DNA barcoding and the data generated in this study may serve both scientific and national or even transnational conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zangl
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail: (LZ); (SK)
| | - Daniel Daill
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Consultants in Aquatic Ecology and Engineering—blattfisch e.U., Wels, Austria
| | - Silke Schweiger
- First Zoological Department, Herpetological Collection, Museum of Natural History Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Gassner
- First Zoological Department, Herpetological Collection, Museum of Natural History Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Koblmüller
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail: (LZ); (SK)
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15
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Vega R, McDevitt AD, Stojak J, Mishta A, Wójcik JM, Kryštufek B, Searle JB. Phylogeographical structure of the pygmy shrew: revisiting the roles of southern and northern refugia in Europe. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSouthern and northern glacial refugia are considered paradigms that explain the complex phylogeographical patterns and processes of European biota. Here, we provide a revisited statistical phylogeographical analysis of the pygmy shrew Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766 (Eulipotyphla, Soricidae), examining its genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and demographic history in the Mediterranean peninsulas and in Western and Central Europe. The results showed support for genetically distinct and diverse phylogeographical groups consistent with southern and northern glacial refugia, as expected from previous studies. We also identified geographical barriers concordant with glaciated mountain ranges during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), early diversification events dated between the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene for the main phylogeographical groups, and recent (post-LGM) patterns of demographic expansions. This study is the most comprehensive investigation of this species to date, and the results have implications for the conservation of intraspecific diversity and the preservation of the evolutionary potential of S. minutus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vega
- Ecology Research Group, Section of Natural and Applied Sciences, School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Becket, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Allan D McDevitt
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Joanna Stojak
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Alina Mishta
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Jan M Wójcik
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Boris Kryštufek
- Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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16
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Arntzen JW, van Belkom J. 'Mainland-island' population structure of a terrestrial salamander in a forest-bocage landscape with little evidence for in situ ecological speciation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1700. [PMID: 32015401 PMCID: PMC6997349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to different ecological environments can, through divergent selection, generate phenotypic and genetic differences between populations, and eventually give rise to new species. The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) has been proposed to represent an early stage of ecological speciation, driven by differential habitat adaptation through the deposition and development of larvae in streams versus ponds in the Kottenforst near Bonn (Germany). We set out to test this hypothesis of ecological speciation in an area different from the one where it was raised and we took the opportunity to explore for drivers of genetic differentiation at a landscape scale. A survey over 640 localities demonstrated the species' presence in ponds and streams across forests, hilly terrain and areas with hedgerows ('bocage'). Genetic variation at 14 microsatellite loci across 41 localities in and around two small deciduous forests showed that salamander effective population sizes were higher in forests than in the bocage, with panmixia in the forests (Fst < 0.010) versus genetic drift or founder effects in several of the small and more or less isolated bocage populations (Fst > 0.025). The system fits the 'mainland-island' metapopulation model rather than indicating adaptive genetic divergence in pond versus stream larval habitats. A reanalysis of the Kottenforst data indicated that microsatellite genetic variation fitted a geographical rather than an environmental axis, with a sharp transition from a western pond-breeding to an eastern, more frequently stream-breeding group of populations. A parallel changeover in mitochondrial DNA exists but remains to be well documented. The data support the existence of a hybrid zone following secondary contact of differentiated lineages, more so than speciation in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan W Arntzen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Hernandez A, Escoriza D. A new subspecies of African fire salamander Salamandra algira (Urodela, Salamandridae) from the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Zookeys 2019; 893:143-158. [PMID: 31844405 PMCID: PMC6901614 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.893.46649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new subspecies within the Salamandra algira species complex from north-western Africa is described. Previous molecular analysis showed that the populations of S. algira splendens from north-western Morocco consisted of two well supported clades: clade 1 distributed in the Rif Mountains, from Chefchaouen (type locality) to Al Hoceima, and clade 2, located southern from clade 1 being isolated in the northern and central Middle Atlas Mountains. Clade 2 is herein described as a distinct subspecies: Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. based on morphological data, allopatric range and molecular divergence. This new subspecies shows an uncorrected pairwise distance of 0.0265 from clade 1 based on cytochrome b DNA sequences. Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. is a slender and large sized salamander with a highly variable colouration pattern. It can be distinguished from S. algira splendens by the greater proportion of coral red in the background colouration, being the only known subspecies of S. algira in which coral red can exceed the proportion of black. Variable number (0-5) of yellow to golden yellow dorsal blotches, but usually in lower numbers than the nominotypical subspecies. Salamandra algira atlantica ssp. nov. inhabits subhumid to humid forests and karstic systems at mid to high elevations. We briefly discuss the phylogenetic and taxonomic issues among the genus Salamandra which encompasses more valid species than currently recognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hernandez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica, Corte, 20250, France University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica Corte France
| | - Daniel Escoriza
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, 17071, Spain University of Girona Girona Spain
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18
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Nicieza AG, Kaliontzopoulou A, Buckley D, Velo-Antón G. Evolutionary History and Not Heterochronic Modifications Associated with Viviparity Drive Head Shape Differentiation in a Reproductive Polymorphic Species, Salamandra salamandra. Evol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-019-09489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Wollenberg Valero KC, Marshall JC, Bastiaans E, Caccone A, Camargo A, Morando M, Niemiller ML, Pabijan M, Russello MA, Sinervo B, Werneck FP, Sites JW, Wiens JJ, Steinfartz S. Patterns, Mechanisms and Genetics of Speciation in Reptiles and Amphibians. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090646. [PMID: 31455040 PMCID: PMC6769790 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, the aspects of reptile and amphibian speciation that emerged from research performed over the past decade are reviewed. First, this study assesses how patterns and processes of speciation depend on knowing the taxonomy of the group in question, and discuss how integrative taxonomy has contributed to speciation research in these groups. This study then reviews the research on different aspects of speciation in reptiles and amphibians, including biogeography and climatic niches, ecological speciation, the relationship between speciation rates and phenotypic traits, and genetics and genomics. Further, several case studies of speciation in reptiles and amphibians that exemplify many of these themes are discussed. These include studies of integrative taxonomy and biogeography in South American lizards, ecological speciation in European salamanders, speciation and phenotypic evolution in frogs and lizards. The final case study combines genomics and biogeography in tortoises. The field of amphibian and reptile speciation research has steadily moved forward from the assessment of geographic and ecological aspects, to incorporating other dimensions of speciation, such as genetic mechanisms and evolutionary forces. A higher degree of integration among all these dimensions emerges as a goal for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathon C Marshall
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, 1415 Edvalson Street, Dept. 2505, Ogden, UT 84401, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bastiaans
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arley Camargo
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Ituzaingó 667, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Morando
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC, CENPAT-CONICET) Bv. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Maciej Pabijan
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael A Russello
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Coastal Biology Building, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-000, Brazil
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Preißler K, Gippner S, Lüddecke T, Krause ET, Schulz S, Vences M, Steinfartz S. More yellow more toxic? Sex rather than alkaloid content is correlated with yellow coloration in the fire salamander. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Preißler
- Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - S. Gippner
- Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - T. Lüddecke
- Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
- Animal Venomics Research Group Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Gießen Germany
| | - E. T. Krause
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry Friedrich‐Loeffler‐Institut Celle Germany
| | - S. Schulz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - M. Vences
- Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - S. Steinfartz
- Zoological Institute Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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21
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Sinai I, Segev O, Weil G, Oron T, Merilä J, Templeton AR, Blaustein L, Greenbaum G, Blank L. The role of landscape and history on the genetic structure of peripheral populations of the Near Eastern fire salamander, Salamandra infraimmaculata, in Northern Israel. CONSERV GENET 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-019-01181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Afroosheh M, Rödder D, Mikulicek P, Akmali V, Vaissi S, Fleck J, Schneider W, Sharifi M. Mitochondrial DNA variation and Quaternary range dynamics in the endangered Yellow Spotted Mountain Newt, Neurergus derjugini
(Caudata, Salamandridae). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Herpetology Section; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK); Bonn Germany
| | - Peter Mikulicek
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava Slovakia Republic
| | - Vahid Akmali
- Department of Biology; Bagabrisham; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
| | - Somaye Vaissi
- Department of Biology; Bagabrisham; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
| | | | | | - Mozafar Sharifi
- Department of Biology; Bagabrisham; Razi University; Kermanshah Iran
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23
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Preißler K, Watzal AD, Vences M, Steinfartz S. Detection of elusive fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra) in streams via environmental DNA. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-18000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the face of the global biodiversity crisis, the monitoring of species richness and diversity is experiencing an increased demand entailing a raise in cost and time investment. The analysis of species-specific DNA fragments in environmental samples (eDNA) such as from water or soil, facilitate the molecular detection of species without the specific sampling of individuals. The invasive chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) is infecting natural fire salamander populations (Salamandra salamandra) and causes chytridiomycosis resulting in infrequent regional extinctions of populations across Central Europe. With regard to the expanding distribution of Bsal over the last years, cost-effective monitoring of fire salamanders is important for the conservation of this species. Based on a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay, we developed a new protocol to detect S. salamandra larvae in streams via eDNA, using species-specific primers of the mitochondrial control region (D-loop). We tested the efficiency of qPCR primer sets for six combinations of DNA extraction kits coupled with subsequent PCR inhibitor removal kits for obtaining qPCR-detectable S. salamandra eDNA from water filters, that were taken both from natural streams and artificial water tanks in the laboratory as positive controls. We found that the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit in combination with the DNeasy PowerClean CleanUp Kit performed best for detecting salamander larvae from natural streams. Our experimental protocol paves the way for resource-saving approaches to monitor S. salamandra larvae, but also confirms the limits to this eDNA approach in that it requires optimized laboratory protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Preißler
- Zoological Institute, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander Dennis Watzal
- Zoological Institute, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Zoological Institute, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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24
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Combining phylogeography and landscape genetics to infer the evolutionary history of a short-range Mediterranean relict, Salamandra salamandra longirostris. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Bisconti R, Porretta D, Arduino P, Nascetti G, Canestrelli D. Hybridization and extensive mitochondrial introgression among fire salamanders in peninsular Italy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13187. [PMID: 30181603 PMCID: PMC6123427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear patterns of population genetic structure is providing key insights into the eco-evolutionary dynamics between and within species, and their assessment is highly relevant to biodiversity monitoring practices based on DNA barcoding approaches. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra in peninsular Italy. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers clearly identified two main population groups. However, nuclear and mitochondrial zones of geographic transition between groups were located 600 km from one another. Recent population declines in central Italy partially erased the genetic imprints of past hybridization dynamics. However, the overall pattern of genetic variation, together with morphological and fossil data, suggest that a rampant mitochondrial introgression triggered the observed mitonuclear discordance, following a post-glacial secondary contact between lineages. Our results clearly show the major role played by reticulate evolution in shaping the structure of Salamandra salamandra populations and, together with similar findings in other regions of the species' range, contribute to identify the fire salamander as a particularly intriguing case to investigate the complexity of mechanisms triggering patterns of mitonuclear discordance in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bisconti
- Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
| | - Daniele Porretta
- University of Rome, "Sapienza", Department of Environmental Biology, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Paola Arduino
- Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nascetti
- Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Daniele Canestrelli
- Tuscia University, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
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26
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Lüddecke T, Schulz S, Steinfartz S, Vences M. A salamander’s toxic arsenal: review of skin poison diversity and function in true salamanders, genus Salamandra. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-018-1579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Czypionka T, Goedbloed DJ, Steinfartz S, Nolte AW. Plasticity and evolutionary divergence in gene expression associated with alternative habitat use in larvae of the European Fire Salamander. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2698-2713. [PMID: 29742304 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomes of organisms reveal differentiation associated with the use of different habitats. However, this leaves open how much of the observed differentiation can be attributed to genetic differences or to transcriptional plasticity. In this study, we disentangle causes of differential gene expression in larvae of the European fire salamander from the Kottenforst forest in Germany. Larvae inhabit permanent streams and ephemeral ponds and represent an example of a young evolutionary split associated with contrasting ecological conditions. We hypothesized that adaptation towards differences in water temperature plays a role because the thermal regime between stream and pond habitats differs notably. Tissue samples from tail fins of larvae were collected to study gene expression using microarrays. We found ample evidence for differentiation among larvae occupying different habitats in nature with 2,800 of 11,797 genes being differentially expressed. We then quantified transcriptional plasticity towards temperature and genetic differentiation based on controlled temperature laboratory experiments. Gene-by-environment interactions modelling revealed that 28% of the gene expression divergence observed among samples in nature could be attributed to plasticity related to water temperature. Expression patterns of only a small number of 101 genes were affected by the genotype. Our analysis demonstrates that effects of environmental factors must be taken into account to explain variation of gene expression in salamanders in nature. Notwithstanding, it provides first evidence that genetic factors determined gene expression divergence between pond and stream ecotypes and could be involved in adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Czypionka
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Daniel J Goedbloed
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit Molecular Ecology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit Molecular Ecology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arne W Nolte
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany.,Department of Ecological Genomics, Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Bonato L, Corbetta A, Giovine G, Romanazzi E, Šunje E, Vernesi C, Crestanello B. Diversity among peripheral populations: genetic and evolutionary differentiation ofSalamandra atraat the southern edge of the Alps. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Bonato
- Dipartimento di Biologia; Università di Padova; Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Corbetta
- Stazione sperimentale Regionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione degli Anfibi Lago di Endine; Casazza Italy
| | - Giovanni Giovine
- Stazione sperimentale Regionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione degli Anfibi Lago di Endine; Casazza Italy
| | | | - Emina Šunje
- Department of Biology; University of Sarajevo; Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Hercegovina BHHU:ATRA; Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele All'Adige Italy
| | - Barbara Crestanello
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology; Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach; San Michele All'Adige Italy
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Refining the biogeographical scenario of the land snail Cornu aspersum aspersum: Natural spatial expansion and human-mediated dispersal in the Mediterranean basin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 120:218-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Parallel habitat acclimatization is realized by the expression of different genes in two closely related salamander species (genus Salamandra). Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 119:429-437. [PMID: 28953268 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2017.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of similar habitats by different species provides an ideal opportunity to identify genes underlying adaptation and acclimatization. Here, we analysed the gene expression of two closely related salamander species: Salamandra salamandra in Central Europe and Salamandra infraimmaculata in the Near East. These species inhabit similar habitat types: 'temporary ponds' and 'permanent streams' during larval development. We developed two species-specific gene expression microarrays, each targeting over 12 000 transcripts, including an overlapping subset of 8331 orthologues. Gene expression was examined for systematic differences between temporary ponds and permanent streams in larvae from both salamander species to establish gene sets and functions associated with these two habitat types. Only 20 orthologues were associated with a habitat in both species, but these orthologues did not show parallel expression patterns across species more than expected by chance. Functional annotation of a set of 106 genes with the highest effect size for a habitat suggested four putative gene function categories associated with a habitat in both species: cell proliferation, neural development, oxygen responses and muscle capacity. Among these high effect size genes was a single orthologue (14-3-3 protein zeta/YWHAZ) that was downregulated in temporary ponds in both species. The emergence of four gene function categories combined with a lack of parallel expression of orthologues (except 14-3-3 protein zeta) suggests that parallel habitat adaptation or acclimatization by larvae from S. salamandra and S. infraimmaculata to temporary ponds and permanent streams is mainly realized by different genes with a converging functionality.
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van Riemsdijk I, Arntzen JW, Bogaerts S, Franzen M, Litvinchuk SN, Olgun K, Wielstra B. The Near East as a cradle of biodiversity: A phylogeography of banded newts (genus Ommatotriton) reveals extensive inter- and intraspecific genetic differentiation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 114:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ball SE, Bovero S, Sotgiu G, Tessa G, Angelini C, Bielby J, Durrant C, Favelli M, Gazzaniga E, Garner TWJ. Islands within an island: Population genetic structure of the endemic Sardinian newt, Euproctus platycephalus. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1190-1211. [PMID: 28303189 PMCID: PMC5306002 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of historic and contemporary barriers to dispersal is central to the conservation of endangered amphibians, but may be hindered by their complex life history and elusive nature. The complementary information generated by mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers generates a valuable tool in elucidating population structure and the impact of habitat fragmentation. We applied this approach to the study of an endangered montane newt, Euproctus platycephalus. Endemic to the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, it is threatened by anthropogenic activity, disease, and climate change. We have demonstrated a clear hierarchy of structure across genetically divergent and spatially distinct subpopulations. Divergence between three main mountain regions dominated genetic partitioning with both markers. Mitochondrial phylogeography revealed a deep division dating to ca. 1 million years ago (Mya), isolating the northern region, and further differentiation between the central and southern regions ca. 0.5 Mya, suggesting an association with Pleistocene severe glacial oscillations. Our findings are consistent with a model of southward range expansion during glacial periods, with postglacial range retraction to montane habitat and subsequent genetic isolation. Microsatellite markers revealed further strong population structure, demonstrating significant divergence within the central region, and partial differentiation within the south. The northern population showed reduced genetic diversity. Discordance between mitochondrial and microsatellite markers at this scale indicated a further complexity of population structure, in keeping with male-biased dispersal and female philopatry. Our study underscores the need to elucidate cryptic population structure in the ecology and conservation strategies for endangered island-restricted amphibians, especially in the context of disease and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Ball
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Stefano Bovero
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Giuseppe Sotgiu
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Giulia Tessa
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei SistemiUniversita degli Studi di TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Claudio Angelini
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Jon Bielby
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | | | - Marco Favelli
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Enrico Gazzaniga
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
| | - Trenton W. J. Garner
- Institute of ZoologyThe Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
- Zirichiltaggi S. W. C. Non‐profit Association for Wildlife ConservationSassariItaly
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Bouzid S, Konecny L, Grolet O, Douady CJ, Joly P, Bouslama Z. Phylogeny, age structure, growth dynamics and colour pattern of the Salamandra algira algira population in the Edough Massif, northeastern Algeria. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of the Fire Salamander in North Africa is discontinuous and the Edough Peninsula, Algeria, is considered as the eastern edge of the distribution area. In the current study, we establish a description of the Salamandra algira algira population in its type locality. In this context, an analysis of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop of 47 sequences comes to confirm the phylogenetic status of our population with regard to the other Algerian and Moroccan populations. Also, we used the skeletochronological method for establishing the age structure of the population. Maximum longevity reached 18 years, with a high frequency of young adults, which suggests a good survival of the juveniles. The growth of males is faster than that of the females, although the maximum size of the males is 180 mm, while that of the females is 210 mm. The Edough’s salamander’s phenotype is characterized by multiple small white spots dispersed in different parts of the body (belly, sides, legs and throat) and a high number of large red spots. These red spots are surrounded by a ring of small white spots on the lower part of the body and sometimes on the legs, thus creating specific eyespots that are often aligned along the lower sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Bouzid
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Systèmes Terrestres et Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Lara Konecny
- UMR 5023 Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes naturels et anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, ENTPE, bât. Darwin C, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Odile Grolet
- UMR 5023 Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes naturels et anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, ENTPE, bât. Darwin C, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Christophe J. Douady
- UMR 5023 Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes naturels et anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, ENTPE, bât. Darwin C, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joly
- UMR 5023 Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes naturels et anthropisés, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, ENTPE, bât. Darwin C, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zihad Bouslama
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie des Systèmes Terrestres et Aquatiques, Faculté des Sciences Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
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Dinis M, Velo-Antón G. How little do we know about the reproductive mode in the north African salamander, Salamandra algira? Pueriparity in divergent mitochondrial lineages of S. a. tingitana. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salamandra algirais one of the few species of vertebrates that displays intraspecific variation in reproductive strategies, making it a valuable study model in reproductive mode evolution. How pueriparity (viviparity) inS. algiraarose remains unclear mainly due to insufficient information on the distribution of both reproductive modes in the species. This note summarizes what is known about pueriparous reproduction inS. algiraand adds new data on the distribution and geographic limits of both reproductive strategies and mitochondrial lineages withinS. a. tingitanaacross the Western Rif in Morocco, with possible implications for our understanding of the ecological context of pueriparity. The occurrence of pueriparity in two mitochondrial sublineages suggests multiple events of pueriparity evolution inS. algira, or a model of mitochondrial capture through hybridization and introgression across the contact zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dinis
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas n° 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas n° 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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Vörös J, Ursenbacher S, Kiss I, Jelić D, Schweiger S, Szabó K. Increased genetic structuring of isolatedSalamandra salamandrapopulations (Caudata: Salamandridae) at the margins of the Carpathian Mountains. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Vörös
- Department of Zoology; Hungarian Natural History Museum; Budapest Hungary
- Laboratory for Molecular Taxonomy; Hungarian Natural History Museum; Budapest Hungary
| | - Sylvain Ursenbacher
- Department of Environmental Science Section of Conservation Biology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology; Szent István University; Gödöllő Hungary
| | - Dušan Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Krisztián Szabó
- Department of Ecology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Budapest Hungary
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Mulder KP, Lourenço A, Carneiro M, Velo-Antón G. The complete mitochondrial genome of Salamandra salamandra (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:880-882. [PMID: 33473664 PMCID: PMC7800573 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1253042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Salamandra salamandra was reconstructed using bycatch sequences from an RNAseq library generated from muscle tissue. This study shows the potential of using data originally produced for transcriptome assembly to additionally generate complete mitochondrial genomes. The resulting mitogenome was circular, consisted of 16,331 bp and followed the standard vertebrate gene order. Subsequent analysis of the current mitochondrial genome sequence for the species as listed on GenBank highlighted a species misidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Mulder
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão. Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7. 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Lourenço
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão. Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7. 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Carneiro
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão. Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7. 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão. Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7. 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
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Matsunami M, Igawa T, Michimae H, Miura T, Nishimura K. Population Structure and Evolution after Speciation of the Hokkaido Salamander (Hynobius retardatus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156815. [PMID: 27257807 PMCID: PMC4892524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hokkaido salamander (Hynobius retardatus) is endemic to Hokkaido Island, Japan, and shows intriguing flexible phenotypic plasticity and regional morphological diversity. However, to date, allozymes and partial mitochondria DNA sequences have provided only an outline of its demographic histories and the pattern of its genetic diversification. To understand the finer details of the population structure of this species and its evolution since speciation, we genotyped five regional populations by using 12 recently developed microsatellite polymorphic markers. We found a clear population structure with low gene flow among the five populations, but a close genetic relationship between the Teshio and Kitami populations. Our demographic analysis suggested that Teshio and Erimo had the largest effective population sizes among the five populations. These findings regarding the population structure and demography of H. retardatus improve our understanding of the faunal phylogeography on Hokkaido Island and also provide fundamental genetic information that will be useful for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Matsunami
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–0810, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Igawa
- Graduate School of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739–8526, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Michimae
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Medicine (Biostatistics), Kitasato University, Tokyo, 108–8641, Japan
| | - Toru Miura
- Laboratory of Ecological Genetics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060–0810, Japan
| | - Kinya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041–8611, Japan
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Ficetola GF, Colleoni E, Renaud J, Scali S, Padoa-Schioppa E, Thuiller W. Morphological variation in salamanders and their potential response to climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2013-2024. [PMID: 26910389 PMCID: PMC4972144 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recognition that some species might quickly adapt to new conditions under climate change, demonstrating and predicting such a fundamental response is challenging. Morphological variations in response to climate may be caused by evolutionary changes or phenotypic plasticity, or both, but teasing apart these processes is difficult. Here, we built on the number of thoracic vertebrae (NTV) in ectothermic vertebrates, a known genetically based feature, to establish a link with body size and evaluate how climate change might affect the future morphological response of this group of species. First, we show that in old-world salamanders, NTV variation is strongly related to changes in body size. Secondly, using 22 salamander species as a case study, we found support for relationships between the spatial variation in selected bioclimatic variables and NTV for most of species. For 44% of species, precipitation and aridity were the predominant drivers of geographical variation of the NTV. Temperature features were dominant for 31% of species, while for 19% temperature and precipitation played a comparable role. This two-step analysis demonstrates that ectothermic vertebrates may evolve in response to climate change by modifying the number of thoracic vertebrae. These findings allow to develop scenarios for potential morphological evolution under future climate change and to identify areas and species in which the most marked evolutionary responses are expected. Resistance to climate change estimated from species distribution models was positively related to present-day species morphological response, suggesting that the ability of morphological evolution may play a role for species' persistence under climate change. The possibility that present-day capacity for local adaptation might help the resistance response to climate change can be integrated into analyses of the impact of global changes and should also be considered when planning management actions favouring species persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble-Alpes. Grenoble 38000, France
- LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Colleoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Julien Renaud
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble-Alpes. Grenoble 38000, France
- LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Stefano Scali
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 20121 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Padoa-Schioppa
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e del Territorio, e di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca. 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble-Alpes. Grenoble 38000, France
- LECA, CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
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Froufe E, Prié V, Faria J, Ghamizi M, Gonçalves DV, Gürlek ME, Karaouzas I, Kebapçi Ü, Şereflişan H, Sobral C, Sousa R, Teixeira A, Varandas S, Zogaris S, Lopes-Lima M. Phylogeny, phylogeography, and evolution in the Mediterranean region: News from a freshwater mussel (Potomida, Unionida). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:322-332. [PMID: 27118180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Potomida genus (Bivalvia, Unionida) has a Circum-Mediterranean distribution and like other freshwater mussel species, its populations have suffered dramatic declines. Although this genus is currently considered as monotypic, it has a long history of taxonomic revisions and presently many aspects of its systematics and evolutionary history are unclear. We sampled a total of 323 individuals from 39 different sites across the Potomida genus distribution, and sequenced two mitochondrial (16S rDNA and Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I) and one nuclear (28S rDNA) genes to clarify its phylogeny and phylogeographic history. Our results show that the genus includes two well-supported clades, one comprising solely the western Mediterranean species Potomida littoralis, and the other including two eastern Mediterranean species, the Greek endemic P. acarnanica and the Anatolian and Middle Eastern P. semirugata. We suggest that Potomida started radiating during the upper Miocene, and that both vicariance and dispersal events shaped the diversification and distribution of the genus along the Mediterranean region. P. littoralis is further divided in two mitochondrial lineages, one restricted to Europe and the other occurring mostly in North Africa. Moreover, some European basins present both lineages in sympatry. The conservation status of the three recognized species should be reevaluated, particularly P. acarnanica, since it is restricted to two Greek river basins presenting a high risk of extinction. Overall, our results clarify some important gaps in knowledge concerning the phylogeny, phylogeography and evolution of the Potomida genus in the Mediterranean region with important taxonomical, ecological and conservational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Froufe
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vincent Prié
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, ISyEB (UMR 7205 CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/EPHE), 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris, France
| | - João Faria
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, and University of Azores, Department of Biology, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
| | - Mohamed Ghamizi
- Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté des Sciences, Semlalia, B.P. 2390 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Duarte V Gonçalves
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ioannis Karaouzas
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Av., Anavissos 19013, Greece
| | - Ümit Kebapçi
- Biology Department of Art and Science Faculty, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hülya Şereflişan
- Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, İskenderun Technical University, 31200 Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Carina Sobral
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ronaldo Sousa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Teixeira
- CIMO-ESA-IPB - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Simone Varandas
- CITAB-UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Forestry Department, Apartado 1013, 5001-811 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Stamatis Zogaris
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio Av., Anavissos 19013, Greece
| | - Manuel Lopes-Lima
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
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Pereira RJ, Martínez-Solano I, Buckley D. Hybridization during altitudinal range shifts: nuclear introgression leads to extensive cyto-nuclear discordance in the fire salamander. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:1551-65. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J. Pereira
- Centre for GeoGenetics; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Øster Voldgade 5-7 1350 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Iñigo Martínez-Solano
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-UCLM-CSIC-JCCM); Ronda de Toledo, s/n 13005 Ciudad Real Spain
- Ecology, Evolution and Development Group; Department of Wetland Ecology; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio, s/n 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - David Buckley
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva; Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales MNCN-CSIC; c/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 28006 Madrid Spain
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Population Genetic Structure of the Endangered Kaiser's Mountain Newt, Neurergus kaiseri (Amphibia: Salamandridae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149596. [PMID: 26918642 PMCID: PMC4769016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species often exhibit different levels of genetic structuring correlated to their environment. However, understanding how environmental heterogeneity influences genetic variation is difficult because the effects of gene flow, drift and selection are confounded. We investigated the genetic variation and its ecological correlates in an endemic and critically endangered stream breeding mountain newt, Neurergus kaiseri, within its entire range in southwestern Iran. We identified two geographic regions based on phylogenetic relationships using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood of 779 bp mtDNA (D-loop) in 111 individuals from ten of twelve known breeding populations. This analysis revealed a clear divergence between northern populations, located in more humid habitats at higher elevation, and southern populations, from drier habitats at lower elevations regions. From seven haplotypes found in these populations none was shared between the two regions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of N. kaiseri indicates that 94.03% of sequence variation is distributed among newt populations and 5.97% within them. Moreover, a high degree of genetic subdivision, mainly attributable to the existence of significant variance among the two regions is shown (θCT = 0.94, P = 0.002). The positive and significant correlation between geographic and genetic distances (r = 0.61, P = 0.002) following controlling for environmental distance suggests an important influence of geographic divergence of the sites in shaping the genetic variation and may provide tools for a possible conservation based prioritization policy for the endangered species.
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Beukema W, Nicieza AG, Lourenço A, Velo-Antón G. Colour polymorphism inSalamandra salamandra(Amphibia: Urodela), revealed by a lack of genetic and environmental differentiation between distinct phenotypes. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Beukema
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
- Department of Pathology; Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB); CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias; Mieres Spain
| | - André Lourenço
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão; Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
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Froufe E, Gonçalves DV, Teixeira A, Sousa R, Varandas S, Ghamizi M, Zieritz A, Lopes-Lima M. Who lives where? Molecular and morphometric analyses clarify which Unio species (Unionida, Mollusca) inhabit the southwestern Palearctic. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-016-0262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Merabet K, Sanchez E, Dahmana A, Bogaerts S, Donaire D, Steinfartz S, Joger U, Vences M, Karar M, Moali A. Phylogeographic relationships and shallow mitochondrial divergence of Algerian populations of Salamandra algira. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The North African fire salamander, Salamandra algira, is distributed in Algeria, Morocco and Ceuta (Spanish territory located on the north coast of Africa), but until now rather limited information has been available on the populations across the Algerian part of its range. We here provide a first analysis of the phylogeography of this species in Algeria, based on 44 samples from populations distributed across 15 localities in Central Algeria. We sequenced three segments of mitochondrial DNA, covering 12S rRNA, cytochrome b (Cytb) and the D-loop. The mtDNA sequences of the Algerian samples were strongly different from the Moroccan populations occurring west of the Moulouya River (corresponding to the subspecies S. a. tingitana and S. a. splendens) but sister to the genetically rather similar population from the Beni Snassen Massif in eastern Morocco (subspecies S. algira spelaea). Among the Algerian specimens studied, those from the westernmost site, Chrea Massif, were the sister clade to the remaining populations, and the overall genetic divergence was low, with a maximum of five mutational steps in a 295 bp fragment of cytochrome b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Merabet
- Laboratoire de recherche en Ecologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Eugenia Sanchez
- Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Abdelhak Dahmana
- Laboratoire de recherche en Ecologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | | | - David Donaire
- Asociación Herpetológica Fretum Gaditanum, c/ Mar Egeo 7, 11407 Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Joger
- Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum, Gausstr. 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technical University of Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mokrane Karar
- Laboratoire de recherche en Ecologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Aissa Moali
- Laboratoire de recherche en Ecologie et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
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Konowalik A, Najbar A, Babik W, Steinfartz S, Ogielska M. Genetic structure of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra in the Polish Sudetes. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analysed genetic variation within and differentiation between nineteen populations of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra inhabiting the north-eastern margin of the species range in the Sudetes Mountains (south-western Poland). The results were compared with those obtained recently for the Polish part of the Carpathians. Variation of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci was analysed in 744 individuals to estimate genetic structure, gene flow, isolation and to test for a geographic gradient of genetic variation. Mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) of 252 specimens from all localities was used to identify the origin of populations currently inhabiting its north-eastern range. We found little genetic differentiation among populations in the Sudetes indicating substantial recent or ongoing gene flow. The exceptions were one isolated peripheral population located outside the continuous distribution range which displayed extremely reduced genetic variation probably due to a combination of long term isolation and low population size, and one population located at the eastern margin of the Polish Sudetes. Populations inhabiting the Sudetes and the Carpathians formed two separate clusters based on microsatellite loci. In accordance with available phylogeographic information, single mitochondrial haplotype (type IIb) fixed in all populations indicates their origin from a single refugium and may suggest colonization from the Balkan Peninsula. The analysis of geographic gradient in variation showed its decline in the westerly direction suggesting colonization of Poland from the east, however, alternative scenarios of postglacial colonization could not be rejected with the available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Konowalik
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Najbar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wiesław Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelsohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Ogielska
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
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Intercohort size structure dynamics of fire salamander larvae in ephemeral habitats: a mesocosm experiment. Oecologia 2015; 179:425-33. [PMID: 26080758 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The size structure of a larval population facilitates interaction asymmetries that, in turn, influence the dynamics of size-structure. In species that exhibit conspicuous aggressive interactions, the competitive effects of the smaller individuals may be overlooked. We manipulated initial size differences between two larval cohorts and young-cohort density of Salamandra infraimmaculata in mesocosms to determine: (1) whether young individuals function primarily as prey or as competitors of older and larger individuals; (2) the resulting dynamics of size variation; and (3) recruitment to the postmetamorph population. Intercohort size differences generally remained constant over time at low young-cohort densities, but reduced over time at high densities due to retardation of the old-cohort growth rate. This suggests a competitive advantage to the young cohort that outweighs the interference advantage of older cohorts previously documented in this species. The increase in mortality from desiccation due to high young-cohort density was an order of magnitude greater in the old cohort than in the young-cohort, further indicating size-dependent vulnerability to competition. However, the conditions least favorable to most of the old-cohort larvae (large size difference and high young-cohort density) promoted cannibalism. Among cannibals, mortality and time to metamorphosis decreased and sizes at metamorphosis increased substantially. Thus, a balance between the competitive advantage to young cohorts, and the interference and cannibalism advantage to old cohorts shapes larval size-structure dynamics. Larval densities and individual expression of cannibalism can shift this balance in opposite directions and alter relative recruitment rates from different cohorts.
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Hawlitschek O, Morinière J, Dunz A, Franzen M, Rödder D, Glaw F, Haszprunar G. Comprehensive DNA barcoding of the herpetofauna of Germany. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:242-53. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Hawlitschek
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra); Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37 08003 Barcelona Spain
| | - J. Morinière
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - A. Dunz
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - M. Franzen
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - D. Rödder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig; Adenauerallee 160 53113 Bonn Germany
| | - F. Glaw
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
| | - G. Haszprunar
- Zoologische Staatssammlung (ZSM-SNSB); Münchhausenstrasse 21 81247 München Germany
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Szarowska M, Hofman S, Osikowski A, Falniowski A. Divergence preceding island formation among Aegean insular populations of the freshwater snail genus Pseudorientalia (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea). Zoolog Sci 2015; 31:680-6. [PMID: 25284387 DOI: 10.2108/zs140070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater snails that inhabit islands are excellent model organisms for testing relationships between geological events and phylogeography, especially in the Aegean region. Although many Aegean islands were searched in the present study, species of the genus Pseudorientalia were only found on Lesvos, Samos, and Chios. Phylogenetic relationships between specimens living on these three islands were analysed using COI and 16S rRNA molecular markers and morphological data. A high level of diversity was found between islands. Genetic distances between clades showed differences high enough for the samples from different islands to be considered distinct species (p-distance: 0.105-0.133). These results are also supported by obvious morphological differences in shell morphology between islands. The mean divergence time between the Lesvos clade and Samos/Chios clade was 24.13 ± 3.30 Mya; between the Samos and Chios clades the divergence time was 14.80 ± 1.11 Mya. Our data suggest that high divergence may have occurred between Pseudorientalia populations during the Upper and Middle Miocene, when the Aegean region was part of a united landmass. It is possible that the observed highly divergent Pseudorientalia clades are relicts of high regional diversity that existed in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szarowska
- 1 Department of Malacology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Najbar A, Babik W, Najbar B, Ogielska M. Genetic structure and differentiation of the fire salamander Salamandra salamandra at the northern margin of its range in the Carpathians. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Amphibian populations occurring at the margin of the species range exhibit lower genetic variation due to strong genetic drift and long-term isolation. Limited mobility and site fidelity together with habitat changes may accelerate genetic processes leading to local extinction. Here, we analyze genetic variation of the fire salamander subspecies Salamandra s. salamandra inhabiting the Outer Carpathian region in Poland, at the northern border of its distribution. Nuclear DNA polymorphism based on 10 microsatellite loci of 380 individuals sampled in 11 populations were analysed to measure gene flow between subpopulations and possible long-term isolation. Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis among 17 individuals representing 13 localities was used to detect the origin of populations which colonized Northern Europe after the last glaciation. Overall, pairwise FST’s and AMOVA test of ‘among group’ variation showed little differences in the allele frequencies and relatively high local gene flow. However, Bayesian clustering results revealed subtle structuring between eastern and western part of the studied region. Two extreme marginal populations from the Carpathian Piedmont revealed reduced genetic variation which may be attributed to strong influence of genetic drift. Only one mitochondrial DNA haplotype (type IIb) was found in all individuals and suggest that after the Last Glacial Maximum Salamandra salamandra migrated to the North-Western Europe from the single glacial refugium placed in the Balkan Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Najbar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-355 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wiesław Babik
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Najbar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 15, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maria Ogielska
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Conservation of Vertebrates, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-355 Wrocław, Poland
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50
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Poulakakis N, Kapli P, Lymberakis P, Trichas A, Vardinoyiannis K, Sfenthourakis S, Mylonas M. A review of phylogeographic analyses of animal taxa from the Aegean and surrounding regions. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Paschalia Kapli
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Petros Lymberakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | - Apostolos Trichas
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
| | | | | | - Moisis Mylonas
- Natural History Museum of Crete; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
- Biology Department; University of Crete; Iraklion Greece
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