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Guan X, Wang J, Ma L, Wang X, Cheng X, Han H, Zhao Y, Ren L. Multiple germline functional VL genes contribute to the IgL repertoire in ducks. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 60:167-179. [PMID: 26945621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the immunoglobulin light chain gene loci of nearly all bird species examined to date, there is only a single functional variable gene segment that can recombine with joining gene segments. Thus, Ig light chain diversity relies on gene conversion using pseudogenes as sequence donors to modify the single rearranged variable gene. In the present study, we have sequenced a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing the entire duck Igλ light chain gene locus. Although only a single pair of Jλ and Cλ was found, 88 Vλ gene segments were identified upstream of the Jλ and Cλ segments. Among the identified Vλ gene segments, 79 appear to be pseudogenes, the remaining 9 are structurally intact and all are able to functionally rearrange with the Jλ. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the 9 functional variable genes may have been derived from a single gene through duplication events. Although these multiple functional variable gene segments can be subject to VJ recombination, both gene conversion and somatic hypermutation are also actively involved in the generation of diversity in duck Igλ light chains. These data provide significant insight into understanding the duck Ig system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xueqian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haitang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Liming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Pasman Y, Kaushik AK. VHand VLDomains of Polyspecific IgM and Monospecific IgG Antibodies Contribute Differentially to Antigen Recognition and Virus Neutralization Functions. Scand J Immunol 2016; 84:28-38. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Pasman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - A. K. Kaushik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
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Sala P, Colatutto A, Fabbro D, Mariuzzi L, Marzinotto S, Toffoletto B, Perosa AR, Damante G. Immunoglobulin K light chain deficiency: A rare, but probably underestimated, humoral immune defect. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:219-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tallmadge RL, Tseng CT, Felippe MJB. Diversity of immunoglobulin lambda light chain gene usage over developmental stages in the horse. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 46:171-179. [PMID: 24726757 PMCID: PMC4107094 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To further studies of neonatal immune responses to pathogens and vaccination, we investigated the dynamics of B lymphocyte development and immunoglobulin (Ig) gene diversity. Previously we demonstrated that equine fetal Ig VDJ sequences exhibit combinatorial and junctional diversity levels comparable to those of adult Ig VDJ sequences. Herein, RACE clones from fetal, neonatal, foal, and adult lymphoid tissue were assessed for Ig lambda light chain combinatorial, junctional, and sequence diversity. Remarkably, more lambda variable genes (IGLV) were used during fetal life than later stages and IGLV gene usage differed significantly with time, in contrast to the Ig heavy chain. Junctional diversity measured by CDR3L length was constant over time. Comparison of Ig lambda transcripts to germline revealed significant increases in nucleotide diversity over time, even during fetal life. These results suggest that the Ig lambda light chain provides an additional dimension of diversity to the equine Ig repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Tallmadge
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
| | - Chia T Tseng
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - M Julia B Felippe
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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Ghia EM, Widhopf GF, Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ. Analyses of recombinant stereotypic IGHV3-21-encoded antibodies expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6338-44. [PMID: 21525382 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells that use IgH encoded by IGHV3-21 and that have a particular stereotypic third CDR (HCDR3), DANGMDV (motif-1), almost invariably express Ig L chains (IgL) encoded by IGLV3-21, whereas CLL that use IGHV3-21-encoded IgH with another stereotypic HCDR3, DPSFYSSSWTLFDY (motif-2), invariably express κ-IgL encoded by IGKV3-20. This nonstochastic pairing could reflect steric factors that preclude these IgH from pairing with other IgL or selection for an Ig with a particular Ag-binding activity. We generated rIg with IGHV3-21-encoded IgH with HCDR3 motif-1 or -2 and IgL encoded by IGKV3-20 or IGLV3-21. Each IgH paired equally well with matched or mismatched κ- or λ-IgL to form functional Ig, which we screened for binding to an array of different Ags. Ig with IGLV3-21-encoded λ-IgL could bind with an affinity of ∼ 2 × 10(-6) M to protein L, a cell-wall protein of Peptostreptococcus magnus, independent of the IgH, indicating that protein L is a superantigen for IGLV3-21-encoded λ-IgL. We also detected Ig binding to cofilin, a highly conserved actin-binding protein. However, cofilin binding was independent of native pairing of IgH and IgL and was not specific for Ig with IgH encoded by IGHV3-21. We conclude that steric factors or the binding activity for protein L or cofilin cannot account for the nonstochastic pairing of IgH and IgL observed for the stereotypic Ig made by CLL cells that express IGHV3-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M Ghia
- Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-0820, USA
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Pasman Y, Saini SS, Smith E, Kaushik AK. Organization and genomic complexity of bovine lambda-light chain gene locus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 135:306-13. [PMID: 20171743 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complete characterization and physical mapping of bovine lambda (lambda) light chain locus, spanning 412kbp, on chromosome 17, has revealed twenty-five V(lambda) genes, seventeen being functional, organized in three sub-clusters 23.7kbp 5' of the J(lambda)-C(lambda) units. Three V(lambda) sub-clusters are separated by two large introns of 126.8 and 138.3kbp. The predominantly expressed V(lambda)1 genes are present in the two 5' sub-clusters, while J(lambda)-proximal V(lambda) sub-cluster comprises rarely expressed V(lambda)2 and V(lambda)3 genes. The preferential expression of V(lambda)1 genes in the bovine immunoglobulin repertoire is influenced by the composition of recombination signal sequences (RSS). Of the J(lambda)-C(lambda) cluster, it is mainly J(lambda)3-C(lambda)3 unit that is expressed in reading frame 2, though J(lambda)2 and J(lambda)3 have identical RSS. The predominant expression of J(lambda)3-C(lambda)3 genes over J(lambda)2-C(lambda)2 is likely due to endogenous counter selection for J(lambda)2 encoded CDR3 and framework 4 regions. Differences in the genomic complexity of V(lambda) genes in Hereford and Holstein cattle are due to polymorphism at the lambda-light chain gene locus. Despite more potential germline encoded combinatorial diversity, restricted V(lambda)1-J(lambda)3-C(lambda)3 recombinations encode the most lambda-light chain repertoire in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yfke Pasman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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Volgina VV, Sun T, Bozek G, Martin TE, Storb U. Scarcity of lambda 1 B cells in mice with a single point mutation in C lambda 1 is due to a low BCR signal caused by misfolded lambda 1 light chain. Mol Immunol 2006; 44:1417-28. [PMID: 16860389 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of valine-154 instead of glycine in the constant region of lambda1 causes a severe lambda1 B cell defect in SJL and lambda1-valine knock-in mice with a compensatory increase in lambda2,3 B cells. The defect is due to low signaling by the lambda1-valine BCR. lambda1-Valine B cells deficient in the SHP-1 phosphatase survive better than lambda2,3 B cells in these mice, or lambda1 B cells in lambda1 wildtype mice. Low signaling is apparently due to misfolding of the lambda1-valine light chain as demonstrated by the absence of a regular beta-sheet structure determined by circular dichroism, the sedimentation of the light chain in solution, and the association of valine-valine constant regions in a yeast two-hybrid assay. lambda1-Valine B cells that survive apparently have a higher BCR signal, presumably because of their specific lambda1-heavy chain combination or having encountered a high-affiniy antigen. lambda1-Valine mice have increased B1 cells which were shown by others to have a higher signaling potential. Valine mice crossed with non-conventional gamma2b transgenic mice, in which B cell development is accelerated and in which B1 cells and high signaling cells are greatly reduced, have essentially no, lambda2,3 B cells, but increased numbers of lambda1-valine B cells. This supports the conclusion that the major defect in lambda1-valine mice is the inability of valine-preB cells to produce a threshold signal for B cell development. The reduction of lambda2,3 B cells in valine mice with a gamma2b transgene shows that the majority of their compensatory increase is almost entirely of the B1 cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica V Volgina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Saini SS, Farrugia W, Ramsland PA, Kaushik AK. Bovine IgM antibodies with exceptionally long complementarity-determining region 3 of the heavy chain share unique structural properties conferring restricted VH + Vlambda pairings. Int Immunol 2003; 15:845-53. [PMID: 12807823 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxg083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring antibody repertoires of cattle (Bos taurus) include a group of IgMlambda antibodies with exceptionally long complementarity-determining region 3 of the heavy chain (CDR3H) segments, containing multiple Cys residues. These massive CDR3H segments will greatly influence the tertiary and quaternary structures of the bovine IgM combining sites. As an antibody's combining site is formed by both heavy and light chains, we have analyzed the nucleotide sequences and structural properties of the lambda-light chains that pair with micro -heavy chains containing exceptionally long CDR3H. There appears to be an exquisite selective pressure for the use of three V(lambda)1 genes (V(lambda)1x and two new V(lambda)1d and V(lambda)1e genes) in IgM with unusually long CDR3H. The V(lambda)1d and V(lambda)1e genes are similar to each other, but diverge from the other V(lambda)1 genes into two closely related subfamilies. The available bovine V(lambda) genes are classified into three V(lambda) gene families: V(lambda)1, V(lambda)2 and V(lambda)3 based on nucleotide similarity >/=80%. Further, analysis of total Ser content and positions of Ser residues in the sequences was found to be sufficient to classify the cattle V(lambda)1 subfamilies. Patterns of Ser residues differ for V(lambda) domains from ruminant species (e.g. cattle, sheep and goats) and other mammals (e.g. humans and mice). These 'Ser signatures' can be used to track divergent evolution in lambda-light chains. Interestingly, Ser90L in complementarity-determining region 3 of the light chain (CDR3L) occurred in all V(lambda) domains that pair with V(H) regions containing exceptionally long CDR3H. A structural role for Ser90L was revealed in homology models of V(lambda) domains, i.e. to hold the ascending polypeptide of CDR3L in a relatively tight space between the N-terminal segment and residues from CDR1L. The CDR3L of V(lambda) domains also occupied smaller volumes if paired to V(H) domains with extremely long CDR3H (>/=48 residues), and were more variable in their conformation and filled larger volumes if CDR3Hs were </=22 residues. Thus, the role of the lambda-light chains in these unusual cattle antibodies is probably to act as a relatively featureless supporting platform for the extremely long CDR3H regions, which undoubtedly are dominantly involved in binding to an antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder S Saini
- Departments of Pathobiology and Microbiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Sverremark E, Rietz C, Fernández C. Kappa-deficient mice are non-responders to dextran B512: is this unresponsiveness due to specialization of the kappa and lambda Ig repertoires? Int Immunol 2000; 12:431-8. [PMID: 10744644 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.4.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dextran B512 high-responder strain C57BL, the response to dextran is restricted to the preferential expression of the V(H)B512 and the V(kappa)OX1 gene combination. The importance of the heavy chain is suggested by the fact that mice with the Ig C(H) allotype, different from C57BL, are low or non-responders to dextran, but the light chain could also play a role. All anti-dextran B512 mAb described to date (>200) use kappa light chains. No anti-dextran antibody using lambda has ever been observed. To ascertain if the restriction of the use of V(kappa) genes in response to dextran B512 was more stochastic or due to other factors, we have studied the response to dextran B512 in C57BL/6 mice where the C(kappa) domain has been disrupted (C57BL.C(kappa)T). These mice are unable to express kappa light chains and their humoral antibodies bear light chains of the lambda type. We found that C(kappa) knockout mice are unable to respond to dextran given in a thymus-independent or -dependent form. The lack of responsiveness is specifically directed to the dextran epitopes since these mice are fully competent to respond to other antigenic structures present in the same immunogenic molecule. These mice are also apparently normal regarding the expression of V(H) genes. Finally, we tested the response to dextran in C57BL.C(kappa)T mice carrying the lpr mutation that was introduced to favor an increase in the life span and make the response to dextran more easily detectable. The introduction of the lpr mutation was not sufficient to change the pattern of unresponsiveness in the C57BL.C(kappa)T mice. We concluded that there are deficiencies in the light chain repertoire because the V lambda light chain could not reconstitute the response to dextran. We discuss the possible mechanisms for this new type of unresponsiveness to dextran B512.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sverremark
- Department of Immunology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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