1
|
Deng X, Xiao Y, Tang X, Liu B, Lin H. Arabidopsis α-Aurora kinase plays a role in cytokinesis through regulating MAP65-3 association with microtubules at phragmoplast midzone. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3779. [PMID: 38710684 PMCID: PMC11074315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48238-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-Aurora kinase is a crucial regulator of spindle microtubule organization during mitosis in plants. Here, we report a post-mitotic role for α-Aurora in reorganizing the phragmoplast microtubule array. In Arabidopsis thaliana, α-Aurora relocated from spindle poles to the phragmoplast midzone, where it interacted with the microtubule cross-linker MAP65-3. In a hypomorphic α-Aurora mutant, MAP65-3 was detected on spindle microtubules, followed by a diffuse association pattern across the phragmoplast midzone. Simultaneously, phragmoplast microtubules remained belatedly in a solid disk array before transitioning to a ring shape. Microtubules at the leading edge of the matured phragmoplast were often disengaged, accompanied by conspicuous retentions of MAP65-3 at the phragmoplast interior edge. Specifically, α-Aurora phosphorylated two residues towards the C-terminus of MAP65-3. Mutation of these residues to alanines resulted in an increased association of MAP65-3 with microtubules within the phragmoplast. Consequently, the expansion of the phragmoplast was notably slower compared to wild-type cells or cells expressing a phospho-mimetic variant of MAP65-3. Moreover, mimicking phosphorylation reinstated disrupted MAP65-3 behaviors in plants with compromised α-Aurora function. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism in which α-Aurora facilitates cytokinesis progression through phosphorylation-dependent restriction of MAP65-3 associating with microtubules at the phragmoplast midzone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang J, Chun Y, Guo T, Ren M, Zhao J, Li X. Rice kinesin-related protein STD1 and microtubule-associated protein MAP65-5 cooperatively control microtubule bundling. PLANTA 2023; 257:71. [PMID: 36862199 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
STD1 specifically interacts with MAP65-5 in rice and they cooperatively control microtubule bundles in phragmoplast expansion during cell division. Microtubules play critical roles during the cell cycle progression in the plant cell. We previously reported that STEMLESS DWARF 1 (STD1), a kinesin-related protein, was localized specifically to the phragmoplast midzone during telophase to regulate the lateral expansion of phragmoplast in rice (Oryza sativa). However, how STD1 regulates microtubule organization remains unknown. Here, we found that STD1 interacted directly with MAP65-5, a member of the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Both STD1 and MAP65-5 could form homodimers and bundle microtubules individually. Compared with MAP65-5, the microtubules bundled by STD1 were disassembled completely into single microtubules after adding ATP. Conversely, the interaction of STD1 with MAP65-5 enhanced the microtubule bundling. These results suggest STD1 and MAP65-5 might cooperatively regulate microtubule organization in the phragmoplast at telophase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Chun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong C, Pei H, Zhang Y, Ren W, Ma Z, Tang Y, Huang J. Integrative analysis of transcriptome and miRNAome reveals molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness in sweet corn during kernel development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:945379. [PMID: 35958194 PMCID: PMC9361504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.945379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pericarp thickness affects the edible quality of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt.). Therefore, breeding varieties with a thin pericarp is important for the quality breeding of sweet corn. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pericarp development remain largely unclear. We performed an integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA sequencing to elucidate the genetic mechanism regulating pericarp thickness during kernel development (at 15 days, 19 days, and 23 days after pollination) of two sweet corn inbred lines with different pericarp thicknesses (M03, with a thinner pericarp and M08, with a thicker pericarp). A total of 2,443 and 1,409 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in M03 and M08, respectively. Our results indicate that phytohormone-mediated programmed cell death (PCD) may play a critical role in determining pericarp thickness in sweet corn. Auxin (AUX), gibberellin (GA), and brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction may indirectly mediate PCD to regulate pericarp thickness in M03 (the thin pericarp variety). In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ETH) signaling may be the key regulators of pericarp PCD in M08 (the thick pericarp variety). Furthermore, 110 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs) and 478 differentially expressed target genes were identified. miRNA164-, miRNA167-, and miRNA156-mediated miRNA-mRNA pairs may participate in regulating pericarp thickness. The expression results of DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating pericarp thickness and propose the objective of breeding sweet corn varieties with a thin pericarp.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang YJ, Yang WX. Kinesins in MAPK cascade: How kinesin motors are involved in the MAPK pathway? Gene 2019; 684:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
5
|
Fang J, Yuan S, Li C, Jiang D, Zhao L, Peng L, Zhao J, Zhang W, Li X. Reduction of ATPase activity in the rice kinesin protein Stemless Dwarf 1 inhibits cell division and organ development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:620-634. [PMID: 30071144 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several kinesins, the ATP-driven microtubule (MT)-based motor proteins, have been reported to be involved in many basic processes of plant development; however, little is known about the biological relevance of their ATPase activity. Here, we characterized the Oryza sativa (rice) stemless dwarf 1 (std1) mutant, showing a severely dwarfed phenotype, with no differentiation of the node and internode structure, abnormal cell shapes, a shortened leaf division zone and a reduced cell division rate. Further analysis revealed that a substantial subset of cells was arrested in the S and G2/M phases, and multinucleate cells were present in the std1 mutant. Map-based cloning revealed that STD1 encodes a phragmoplast-associated kinesin-related protein, a homolog of the Arabidopsis thaliana PAKRP2, and is mainly expressed in the actively dividing tissues. The STD1 protein is localized specifically to the phragmoplast midzone during telophase and cytokinesis. In the std1 mutant, the substitution of Val-40-Glu in the motor domain of STD1 significantly reduced its MT-dependent ATPase activity. Accordingly, the lateral expansion of phragmoplast, a key step in cell plate formation, was arrested during cytokinesis. Therefore, these results indicate that the MT-dependent ATPase activity is indispensible for STD1 in regulating normal cell division and organ development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | | | - Chenchen Li
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Lixiang Peng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Xueyong Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Komis G, Šamajová O, Ovečka M, Šamaj J. Cell and Developmental Biology of Plant Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:237-265. [PMID: 29489398 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) constitute a network of signaling cascades responsible for transducing extracellular stimuli and decoding them to dedicated cellular and developmental responses that shape the plant body. Over the last decade, we have accumulated information about how MAPK modules control the development of reproductive tissues and gametes and the embryogenic and postembryonic development of vegetative organs such as roots, root nodules, shoots, and leaves. Of key importance to understanding how MAPKs participate in developmental and environmental signaling is the characterization of their subcellular localization, their interactions with upstream signal perception mechanisms, and the means by which they target their substrates. In this review, we summarize the roles of MAPK signaling in the regulation of key plant developmental processes, and we survey what is known about the mechanisms guiding the subcellular compartmentalization of MAPK modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Komis
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Global Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of MAPKKK genes: Functional Characterization of MdRaf5 Reveals Evolution and Drought-Responsive Profile in Apple. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13511. [PMID: 29044159 PMCID: PMC5647345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are pivotal components of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which play a significant role in many biological processes. Although genome-wide analysis of MAPKKKs has been conducted in many species, extant results in apple are scarce. In this study, a total of 72 putative MdMAPKKKs in Raf-like group, 11 in ZIK-like group and 37 in MEEK were identified in apple firstly. Predicted MdMAPKKKs were located in 17 chromosomes with diverse densities, and there was a high-level of conservation in and among the evolutionary groups. Encouragingly, transcripts of 12 selected MdMAPKKKs were expressed in at least one of the tested tissues, indicating that MdMAPKKKs might participate in various physiological and developmental processes in apple. Moreover, they were found to respond to drought stress in roots and leaves, which suggested a possible conserved response to drought stress in different species. Overexpression of MdRaf5 resulted in a hyposensitivity to drought stress, which was at least partially due to the regulation of stomatal closure and transpiration rates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide functional analysis of the MdMAPKKK genes in apple, and it provides valuable information for understanding MdMAPKKKs signals and their putative functions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Suzuki T, Matsushima C, Nishimura S, Higashiyama T, Sasabe M, Machida Y. Identification of Phosphoinositide-Binding Protein PATELLIN2 as a Substrate of Arabidopsis MPK4 MAP Kinase during Septum Formation in Cytokinesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1744-55. [PMID: 27335345 PMCID: PMC4970614 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases controls many cellular and physiological processes, which include intracellular signal transduction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of such controls and numerous substrates of protein kinases remain to be characterized. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is of particular importance in a variety of extracellular and intracellular signaling processes. In plant cells, the progression of cytokinesis is an excellent example of an intracellular phenomenon that requires the MAPK cascade. However, the way in which MAPKs control downstream processes during cytokinesis in plant cells remains to be fully determined. We show here that comparisons, by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, of phosphorylated proteins from wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and mutant plants defective in a MAPK cascade allow identification of substrates of a specific MAPK. Using this method, we identified the PATELLIN2 (PATL2) protein, which has a SEC14 domain, as a substrate of MPK4 MAP kinase. PATL2 was concentrated at the cell division plane, as is MPK4, and had binding affinity for phosphoinositides. This binding affinity was altered after phosphorylation of PATL2 by MPK4, suggesting a role for the MAPK cascade in the formation of cell plates via regeneration of membranes during cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Suzuki
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan JST, ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Present address: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Chiyuki Matsushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shingo Nishimura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan JST, ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Michiko Sasabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561 Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sasabe M, Ishibashi N, Haruta T, Minami A, Kurihara D, Higashiyama T, Nishihama R, Ito M, Machida Y. The carboxyl-terminal tail of the stalk of Arabidopsis NACK1/HINKEL kinesin is required for its localization to the cell plate formation site. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2015; 128:327-36. [PMID: 25502072 PMCID: PMC5114321 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytokinesis is achieved by formation of cell plates in the phragmoplast, a plant-specific cytokinetic apparatus, which consists of microtubules (MTs) and microfilaments. During cytokinesis, the cell plate is expanded centrifugally outward from the inside of cells in a process that is supported by dynamic turnover of MTs. M-phase-specific kinesin NACK1, which comprises the motor domain at the amino-terminal half to move on MT bundles and the stalk region in the carboxyl-terminal half, is a key player in the process of MT turnover. That is, the specific region in the stalk binds the MAP kinase kinase kinase to activate the whole MAP kinase cascade, which stimulates depolymerization of MTs for the MT turnover. The stalk is also responsible for recruiting the activated kinase cascade to the mid-zone of the phragmoplast, which corresponds to the cell-plate formation site. It should be crucial to uncover roles of the NACK1 kinesin stalk as well as the motor domain in the formation of cell plates in order to understand the mechanisms of cell plate formation. Using dissected Arabidopsis NACK1 (AtNACK1/HINKEL) molecules and AtNACK1-fused GFP, we showed that the C-terminal tail of the stalk in addition to the motor domain is critical for its proper localization to the site of cell plate formation in the phragmoplast, probably by affecting its motility activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561 Japan
| | - Nanako Ishibashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Haruta
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Aki Minami
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurihara
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Naito H, Goshima G. NACK Kinesin Is Required for Metaphase Chromosome Alignment and Cytokinesis in the Moss Physcomitrella Patens. Cell Struct Funct 2015; 40:31-41. [DOI: 10.1247/csf.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Naito
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oh SA, Bourdon V, Dickinson HG, Twell D, Park SK. Arabidopsis Fused kinase TWO-IN-ONE dominantly inhibits male meiotic cytokinesis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2014; 27:7-17. [PMID: 24146312 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-013-0235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Fused kinase TWO-IN-ONE (TIO) controls phragmoplast expansion through its interaction with the Kinesin-12 subfamily proteins that anchor the plus ends of interdigitating microtubules in the phragmoplast midzone. Previous analyses of loss-of-function mutants and RNA interference lines revealed that TIO positively controls both somatic and gametophytic cell cytokinesis; however, knowledge of the full spectrum of TIO functions during plant development remains incomplete. To characterize TIO functions further, we expressed TIO and a range of TIO variants under control of the TIO promoter in wild-type Arabidopsis plants. We discovered that TIO-overexpressing transgenic lines produce enlarged pollen grains, arising from incomplete cytokinesis during male meiosis, and show sporophytic abnormalities indicative of polyploidy. These phenotypes arose independently in TIO variants in which either gametophytic function or the ability of TIO to interact with Kinesin-12 subfamily proteins was abolished. Interaction assays in yeast showed TIO to bind to the AtNACK2/TETRASPORE, and plants doubly homozygous for kinesin-12a and kinesin-12b knockout mutations to produce enlarged pollen grains. Our results show TIO to dominantly inhibit male meiotic cytokinesis in a dosage-dependent manner that may involve direct binding to a component of the canonical NACK-PQR cytokinesis signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Aeong Oh
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hamada T. Microtubule organization and microtubule-associated proteins in plant cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 312:1-52. [PMID: 25262237 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800178-3.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Plants have unique microtubule (MT) arrays, cortical MTs, preprophase band, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast, in the processes of evolution. These MT arrays control the directions of cell division and expansion especially in plants and are essential for plant morphogenesis and developments. Organizations and functions of these MT arrays are accomplished by diverse MT-associated proteins (MAPs). This review introduces 10 of conserved MAPs in eukaryote such as γ-TuC, augmin, katanin, kinesin, EB1, CLASP, MOR1/MAP215, MAP65, TPX2, formin, and several plant-specific MAPs such as CSI1, SPR2, MAP70, WVD2/WDL, RIP/MIDD, SPR1, MAP18/PCaP, EDE1, and MAP190. Most of the studies cited in this review have been analyzed in the particular model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. The significant knowledge of A. thaliana is the important established base to understand MT organizations and functions in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the final process of cell division cycle that properly separates cytoplasmic components and duplicated nuclei into two daughter cells. Plant cytokinesis occurs in phragmoplast, the cytokinetic machinery composed mainly of microtubule (MT) arrays. Recent studies have revealed that a plant-specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is involved in cytokinesis. The activity of this cascade is controlled by cytokinesis-specific kinesin called NACK in tobacco and Arabidopsis, which is required for the cell plate formation in the phragmoplast. Functions of NACK are strictly controlled by cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin B complexes so as to be activated at the correct timing for cytokinesis. Thus, this pathway constitutes a part of the regulatory system controlling the cell cycle progression. Here, we review recent advancements for understanding how the activation of this pathway can be specified in the late stage of the M phase and how this MAPK cascade can control cytokinesis through MT turnover.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sasabe M, Machida Y. Regulation of organization and function of microtubules by the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade during plant cytokinesis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2012; 69:913-8. [PMID: 23027702 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis in eukaryotes involves specific arrays of microtubules (MTs), which are known as the central spindle in animals, the anaphase spindle in yeasts, and the phragmoplast in plants. In plants, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade stimulates the turnover of phragmoplast MTs, which allows the expansion of the phragmoplast that is essential for cytokinesis including the formation of cell plates. A prerequisite for activation of this cascade is the interaction between mitotic kinesin NACK1 in tobacco (HINKEL in Arabidopsis) and MAPK kinase kinase NPK1 (ANP1, 2, 3 in Arabidopsis). Other members of this cascade are NQK1 MAPK kinase and NRK1/NTF6 MAPK in tobacco and the respective orthologs in Arabidopsis. All the components in the pathway (designated the NACK-PQR pathway) concentrate at the midzone of the phragmoplast in plant cells during cytokinesis. Downstream MAPKs in both plant species phosphorylate microtubule-associated protein 65 (MAP65). Interestingly, activities of components in the NACK-PQR pathway are downregulated by depolymerization of MTs. In the present review, we summarize current views on the mechanisms involved in activating the kinase cascade, a role of MAP65 phosphorylation by MAPK during cytokinesis, and the feedback mechanism for regulating inactivation of the kinase cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sasabe M, Boudolf V, De Veylder L, Inzé D, Genschik P, Machida Y. Phosphorylation of a mitotic kinesin-like protein and a MAPKKK by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is involved in the transition to cytokinesis in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:17844-9. [PMID: 22006334 PMCID: PMC3203811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110174108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis in eukaryotes involves specific arrays of microtubules (MTs), which are known as the "central spindle" in animals, the "anaphase spindle" in yeasts, and the "phragmoplast" in plants. Control of these arrays, which are composed mainly of bundled nonkinetochore MTs, is critically important during cytokinesis. In plants, an MAPK cascade stimulates the turnover of phragmoplast MTs, and a crucial aspect of the activation of this cascade is the interaction between the MAPKKK, nucleus- and phragmoplast-localized protein kinase 1 (NPK1) and the NPK1-activating kinesin-like protein 1 (NACK1), a key regulator of plant cytokinesis. However, little is known about the control of this interaction at the molecular level during progression through the M phase. We demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate both NPK1 and NACK1 before metaphase in tobacco cells, thereby inhibiting the interaction between these proteins, suggesting that such phosphorylation prevents the transition to cytokinesis. Failure to inactivate CDKs after metaphase prevents dephosphorylation of these two proteins, causing incomplete mitosis. Experiments with Arabidopsis NACK1 (AtNACK1/HINKEL) revealed that phosphorylated NACK1 fails to mediate cytokinesis. Thus, timely and coordinated phosphorylation by CDKs and dephosphorylation of cytokinetic regulators from prophase to anaphase appear to be critical for the appropriate onset and/or progression of cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Véronique Boudolf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zeng Q, Chen JG, Ellis BE. AtMPK4 is required for male-specific meiotic cytokinesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 67:895-906. [PMID: 21575092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have been implicated in regulating various aspects of plant development, including somatic cytokinesis. The evolution of expanded plant MAPK gene families has enabled the diversification of potential MAPK cascades, but functionally overlapping components are also well documented. Here we report that Arabidopsis MPK4, an MAPK that was previously described as a regulator of disease resistance, can interact with and be phosphorylated by the cytokinesis-related MAP kinase kinase, AtMKK6. In mpk4 mutant plants, anthers can develop normal microspore mother cells (MMCs) and peripheral supporting tissues, but the MMCs fail to form a normal intersporal callose wall after male meiosis, and thus cannot complete meiotic cytokinesis. Nevertheless, the multinucleate mpk4 microspores subsequently proceed through mitotic cytokinesis, resulting in enlarged mature pollen grains that possess increased sets of the tricellular structure. This pollen development phenotype is reminiscent of those observed in both atnack2/tes/stud and anq1/mkk6 mutants, and protein-protein interaction analysis defines a putative signalling module linking AtNACK2/TES/STUD, AtANP3, AtMKK6 and AtMPK4 together as a cascade that facilitates male-specific meiotic cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingning Zeng
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sasabe M, Kosetsu K, Hidaka M, Murase A, Machida Y. Arabidopsis thaliana MAP65-1 and MAP65-2 function redundantly with MAP65-3/PLEIADE in cytokinesis downstream of MPK4. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:743-7. [PMID: 21455028 PMCID: PMC3172854 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.5.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cytokinesis occurs by the growth of cell plates from the interior to the periphery of the cell. These dynamic events in cytokinesis are mediated by a plant-specific microtubule (MT) array called the phragmoplast, which consists of bundled antiparallel MTs between the two daughter nuclei. The NACK-PQR pathway, a NACK1 kinesin-like protein and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, is a key regulator of plant cytokinesis through the regulation of phragmoplast MTs. The MT-associated protein MAP65 has been identified as one of the structural components of MT assays involved in cell division, and we recently showed that Arabidopsis AtMAP65-3/PLEIADE (PLE) is a substrate of MPK4 that is a component of the NACK-PQR pathway in Arabidopsis. Here we show that AtMAP65-1 and AtMAP65-2 are also phosphorylated by MPK4. AtMAP65-1 and AtMAP65-2 that localize to the phragmoplast were phosphorylated by MPK4 in vitro. Although mutants of the Arabidopsis AtMAP65-1 and AtMAP65-2 genes exhibited a wild-type phenotype, double mutations of AtMAP65-3 and AtMAP65-1 or AtMAP65-2 caused more severe growth and cytokinetic defects than the single atmap65-3/ple mutation. These results suggest that AtMAP65-1 and AtMAP65-2 also function in cytokinesis downstream of MPK4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beck M, Komis G, Ziemann A, Menzel D, Šamaj J. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is involved in the regulation of mitotic and cytokinetic microtubule transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 189:1069-1083. [PMID: 21155826 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
• A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) double mutant, Arabidopsis homologue of nucleus and phragmoplast associated kinase (anp) anp2anp3, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 4 mutant mpk4 of Arabidopsis thaliana show prominent cytokinetic defects. This prompted the analysis of mitotic and cytokinetic progression as a function of MAPK signalling. Mutants were compared with wild types untreated or treated with the specific MAPKK inhibitor PD98059. • This study included phenotype analysis, expression analysis of the MPK4 promoter, immunofluorescent localization of MPK4, tubulin and MAP65-1, and time-lapse microscopic visualization of the mitotic microtubule (MT) transitions in control, mutant and inhibitor-treated cells. • Mutant and inhibitor-treated cells showed defects in mitosis and cytokinesis, including aberrant spindle and phragmoplast formation and drastically delayed or abortive mitosis and cytokinesis. As a result, bi- and multinucleate cells were formed, ultimately disturbing the vegetative tissue patterning. MPK4 was localized to all stages of the expanding phragmoplast, in a pattern similar to that of its putative substrate MAP65-1. • In this study, MPK4 is shown to be involved in the regulation of mitosis/cytokinesis through modulation of the cell division plane and cytokinetic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Beck
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - George Komis
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D53115, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, GR15784, Greece
| | - Anja Ziemann
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diedrik Menzel
- Institut für Zelluläre und Molekulare Botanik, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, D53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 01 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kosetsu K, Matsunaga S, Nakagami H, Colcombet J, Sasabe M, Soyano T, Takahashi Y, Hirt H, Machida Y. The MAP kinase MPK4 is required for cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:3778-90. [PMID: 21098735 PMCID: PMC3015120 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.077164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis in plants is achieved by the formation of the cell plate. A pathway that includes mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) plays a key role in the control of plant cytokinesis. We show here that a MAP kinase, MPK4, is required for the formation of the cell plate in Arabidopsis thaliana. Single mutations in MPK4 caused dwarfism and characteristic defects in cytokinesis, such as immature cell plates, which became much more prominent upon introduction of a mutation in MKK6/ANQ, the MAPKK for cytokinesis, into mpk4. MKK6/ANQ strongly activated MPK4 in protoplasts, and kinase activity of MPK4 was detected in wild-type tissues that contained dividing cells but not in mkk6/anq mutants. Fluorescent protein-fused MPK4 localized to the expanding cell plates in cells of root tips. Expansion of the cell plates in mpk4 root tips appeared to be retarded. The level of MPK11 transcripts was markedly elevated in mpk4 plants, and defects in the mpk4 mpk11 double mutant with respect to growth and cytokinesis were more severe than in the corresponding single mutants. These results indicate that MPK4 is the downstream target of MKK6/ANQ in the regulation of cytokinesis in Arabidopsis and that MPK11 is also involved in cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kosetsu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale Plant Genomics, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université d’Evry, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Soyano
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale Plant Genomics, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université d’Evry, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Takahashi Y, Soyano T, Kosetsu K, Sasabe M, Machida Y. HINKEL kinesin, ANP MAPKKKs and MKK6/ANQ MAPKK, which phosphorylates and activates MPK4 MAPK, constitute a pathway that is required for cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1766-76. [PMID: 20802223 PMCID: PMC2951530 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is regulated to ensure the precise partitioning of cytoplasm and duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells. The NACK-PQR pathway, which includes NACK1 kinesin-like protein (KLP) and a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, plays a key role in cytokinesis in tobacco cells. Although HINKEL/AtNACK1 (HIK) KLP, ANP MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) and MKK6/ ANQ MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) have been identified independently as regulators of cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, the involvement of HIK, ANPs and MKK6/ANQ in a regulatory cascade remains to be demonstrated. Here we provide details of the protein kinase pathway that controls cytokinesis in A. thaliana. Analysis of the subcellular distribution of six MAPKKs of A. thaliana that had been fused to green fluorescent protein revealed that only MKK6/ANQ protein was concentrated at the equatorial plane of the phragmoplast, at the site of localization of HIK. Expression of MKK6/ANQ in yeast cells replaced the growth-control function of the MAPKK encoded by yeast PBS2, provided that both ANP1 MAPKKK and HIK [or TETRASPORE/AtNACK2 (TES)] KLP were coexpressed, suggesting that ANP1 activates MKK6/ANQ in the presence of HIK (or TES). Coexpression of HIK and ANP3 (another member of the ANP MAPKKK family) weakly activated MKK6/ANQ but that of TES and ANP3 did not. MKK6/ANQ phosphorylated MPK4 MAPK in vitro to activate the latter kinase. Thus cytokinesis in A. thaliana is controlled by a pathway that consists of ANP MAPKKKs that can be activated by HIK and MKK6/ANQ MAPKK, with MPK4 MAPK being a probable target of MKK6/ANQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Soyano
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ken Kosetsu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Tel, 81-52-789-2502; Fax, 81-52-789-2966
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beck M, Komis G, Müller J, Menzel D, Šamaj J. Arabidopsis homologs of nucleus- and phragmoplast-localized kinase 2 and 3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 are essential for microtubule organization. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:755-71. [PMID: 20215588 PMCID: PMC2861451 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A double homozygous recessive mutant in the Arabidopsis thaliana homologs of nucleus- and phragmoplast-localized kinase 2 (ANP2) and 3 (ANP3) genes and a homozygous recessive mutant in the mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MPK4) gene of Arabidopsis exhibit deficiencies in the overall microtubule (MT) organization, which result in abnormal cell growth patterns, such as branching of root hairs and swelling of diffusely growing epidermal cells. Genetic, pharmacological, molecular, cytological, and biochemical analyses show that the major underlying mechanism for these phenotypes is excessive MT stabilization manifested in both mutants as heavy MT bundling, disorientation, and drug stability. The above defects in MAPK signaling result in the adverse regulation of members of the microtubule-associated protein (MAP65) protein family, including strongly diminished phosphorylation of MAP65-1. These data suggest that ANP2/ANP3, MPK4, and the microtubule-associated protein MAP65-1, a putative target of MPK4 signaling, are all essential for the proper organization of cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis epidermal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Beck
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - George Komis
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Jens Müller
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diedrik Menzel
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 01 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rodriguez MCS, Petersen M, Mundy J. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 61:621-49. [PMID: 20441529 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 676] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have evolved to transduce environmental and developmental signals into adaptive and programmed responses. MAPK cascades relay and amplify signals via three types of reversibly phosphorylated kinases leading to the phosphorylation of substrate proteins, whose altered activities mediate a wide array of responses, including changes in gene expression. Cascades may share kinase components, but their signaling specificity is maintained by spaciotemporal constraints and dynamic protein-protein interactions and by mechanisms that include crossinhibition, feedback control, and scaffolding. Plant MAPK cascades regulate numerous processes, including stress and hormonal responses, innate immunity, and developmental programs. Genetic analyses have uncovered several predominant MAPK components shared by several of these processes including the Arabidopsis thaliana MAPKs MPK3, 4, and 6 and MAP2Ks MKK1, 2, 4, and 5. Future work needs to focus on identifying substrates of MAPKs, and on understanding how specificity is achieved among MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
23
|
Dahan J, Wendehenne D, Ranjeva R, Pugin A, Bourque S. Nuclear protein kinases: still enigmatic components in plant cell signalling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2010; 185:355-68. [PMID: 19925553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants constantly face changing conditions in their environment. Unravelling the transduction mechanisms from signal perception at the plasma membrane level down to gene expression in the nucleus is a fascinating challenge. Protein phosphorylation, catalysed by protein kinases, is one of the major posttranslational modifications involved in the specificity, kinetic(s) and intensity of a signal transduction pathway. Although commonly assumed, the involvement of nuclear protein kinases in signal transduction is often poorly characterized. In particular, both their regulation and mode of action remain to be elucidated and may lead to the unveiling of new original mechanisms. For example, unlike animal cells, plant cells contain only a few strictly nucleus-localized protein kinases, which calls into question the role of this cellular distribution between the cytosol and the nucleus in their activation and functions. The control of their nucleocytoplasmic trafficking appears to play a major role in their regulation, probably through promoting interactions with their substrates under specific cellular conditions. However, recent findings showing that the nucleus can generate complex networks of second messengers (e.g. Ca(2+)or diacyglycerol) suggest that nuclear protein kinases could play an active role in the decoding of such signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dahan
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dahan J, Pichereaux C, Rossignol M, Blanc S, Wendehenne D, Pugin A, Bourque S. Activation of a nuclear-localized SIPK in tobacco cells challenged by cryptogein, an elicitor of plant defence reactions. Biochem J 2009; 418:191-200. [PMID: 18925873 DOI: 10.1042/bj20081465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
When a plant cell is challenged by a well-defined stimulus, complex signal transduction pathways are activated to promote the modulation of specific sets of genes and eventually to develop adaptive responses. In this context, protein phosphorylation plays a fundamental role through the activation of multiple protein kinase families. Although the involvement of protein kinases at the plasma membrane and cytosolic levels are now well-documented, their nuclear counterparts are still poorly investigated. In the field of plant defence reactions, no known study has yet reported the activation of a nuclear protein kinase and/or its nuclear activity in plant cells, although some protein kinases, e.g. MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), are known to be translocated into the nucleus. In the present study, we investigated the ability of cryptogein, a proteinaceous elicitor of tobacco defence reactions, to induce different nuclear protein kinase activities. We found that at least four nuclear protein kinases are activated in response to cryptogein treatment in a time-dependent manner, some of them exhibiting Ca(2+)-dependent activity. The present study focused on one 47 kDa protein kinase with a Ca(2+)-independent activity, closely related to the MAPK family. After purification and microsequencing, this protein kinase was formally identified as SIPK (salicyclic acid-induced protein kinase), a biotic and abiotic stress-activated MAPK of tobacco. We also showed that cytosolic activation of SIPK is not sufficient to promote a nuclear SIPK activity, the latter being correlated with cell death. In that way, the present study provides evidence of a functional nuclear MAPK activity involved in response to an elicitor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Dahan
- UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cédex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kitakura S, Terakura S, Yoshioka Y, Machida C, Machida Y. Interaction between Agrobacterium tumefaciens oncoprotein 6b and a tobacco nucleolar protein that is homologous to TNP1 encoded by a transposable element of Antirrhinum majus. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2008; 121:425-33. [PMID: 18463947 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-008-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
When gene 6b on the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is transferred to plant cells, its expression causes plant hormone-independent division of cells in in vitro culture and abnormal cell growth, which induces various morphological defects in 6b-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum plants. Protein 6b localizes to the nuclei, a requirement for the abnormal cell growth, and binds to a tobacco nuclear protein called NtSIP1 and histone H3. In addition, 6b has histone chaperone-like activity in vitro and affects the expression of various plant genes, including cell division-related genes and meristem-related class 1 KNOX homeobox genes, in transgenic Arabidopsis. Here, we report that 6b binds to a newly identified protein NtSIP2, whose amino acid sequence is predicted to be 30% identical and 51% similar to that of the TNP1 protein encoded by the transposon Tam1 of Antirrhinum majus. Immunolocalization analysis using anti-T7 antibodies showed nucleolar localization of most of the T7 epitope-tagged NtSIP2 proteins. A similar analysis with the T7-tagged 6b protein also showed subnucleolar as well as nuclear localization of the 6b protein. These results suggest the involvement of 6b along with NtSIP2 in certain molecular processes in the nucleolus as well as the nucleoplasm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Kitakura
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bedhomme M, Jouannic S, Champion A, Simanis V, Henry Y. Plants, MEN and SIN. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2008; 46:1-10. [PMID: 18053736 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In fission yeast, the onset of septation is signalled through the septum initiation network (SIN) signaling pathway. Similarly, in budding yeast the onset of budding is signalled through the mitotic exit network (MEN) pathway. We previously characterized in Arabidopsis signaling elements (GTPases, kinases) closely related to the core elements (spg1p/TEM1p, cdc7p/CDC15p) of the SIN and MEN pathways. Our first results suggested that a plant signaling pathway must be used to coordinate mitotic exit with cytokinesis. This review questioned the value of such an hypothesis in a multicellular organism. The core elements (G-protein, kinase) of the SIN and MEN pathways were only detected in fungi, plants and Mycetozoa. We also noticed that AtSGP GTPase and AtMAP3Kepsilon kinase revealed two paralogues in Arabidopsis. Although Arabidopsis genes complement fission yeast mutants, and Arabidopsis proteins interact with fission yeast proteins, plants do not use these core elements to coordinate the termination of cell division with cytokinesis. Transcriptional regulation and expression data suggest a function for the plant SIN-like elements in the control of cell type specification. Exploring the evolutionary conservation of an ancient signaling pathway provides evidence that evolution has recycled regulatory elements for elaborating a new signaling avenue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Bedhomme
- Laboratoire Cycle Cellulaire, Développement et Différenciation, Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR 8618, Batiment 630, Universite Paris XI, Orsay, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The basic components of the plant cell cycle are G1 (postmitotic interphase), S-phase (DNA synthesis phase), G2 (premitotic interphase) and mitosis/cytokinesis. Proliferating cells are phosphoregulated by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs). Plant D-type cyclins are sensors of the G0 to G1 transition, and are also important for G2/M. At G1/S, the S-phase transcription factor, E2F, is released from inhibitory retinoblastoma protein. Negative regulation of G1 events is through KRPs (Kip-related proteins). Plant S-phase genes are similar to animal ones, but timing of expression can be different (e.g. CDC6 at the start of S-phase) and functional evidence is limited. At G2/M, A-type and the unique B-type CDKs when bound to A, B and D cyclins, drive cells into division; they are negatively regulated by ICK1/2 and perhaps also by WEE1 kinase. In Arabidopsis, a putative CDC25 lacks a regulatory domain. Mitosis depends on correct temporal activity of CDKs, Aurora kinases and anaphase promotion complex; CDK-cyclin B activity beyond metaphase is catastrophic. Endoreduplication (re-replication of DNA in the absence of mitosis) is characterized by E2F expression and down-regulation of mitotic cyclins. Some cell size data support, whilst others negate, the idea of cell size having an impact on development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Francis
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, PO Box 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang T, Liu Y, Yang T, Zhang L, Xu S, Xue L, An L. Diverse signals converge at MAPK cascades in plant. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:274-83. [PMID: 16809044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important signal transducing enzymes that connects diverse receptors/sensors to a wide range of cellular responses in mammals, yeasts and plants. In recent years, a large number of different components of plant MAPK cascades were isolated. Molecular and biochemical studies have revealed that plant MAPKs play important role in the response to a broad variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, including wounding, pathogen infection, temperature, drought, salinity, but also in the signaling of plant hormones and the cell division. This review briefly summaries the recent research results about the cross-talk and complexity of MAP kinase cascades in plant obtained from functional analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sasabe M, Soyano T, Takahashi Y, Sonobe S, Igarashi H, Itoh TJ, Hidaka M, Machida Y. Phosphorylation of NtMAP65-1 by a MAP kinase down-regulates its activity of microtubule bundling and stimulates progression of cytokinesis of tobacco cells. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1004-14. [PMID: 16598040 PMCID: PMC1472297 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1408106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which includes MAPK NRK1/NTF6, positively regulates expansion of the cytokinetic machinery known as the phragmoplast, which is followed by the synthesis of cell plates for completion of cell division. However, molecular events lying between the MAPK and phragmoplast expansion were not known. Here, we show that NRK1/NTF6 phosphorylates the threonine residue at position 579 in NtMAP65-1a, a microtubule-associated (MT-associated) protein. Levels of phosphorylated NtMAP65-1 increase during late M phase of the cell cycle, when NRK1/NTF6 is activated. Phosphorylated NtMAP65-1 is concentrated at the equator of phragmoplast, as is NRK1/NTF6. Overexpression of mutant forms of NtMAP65-1a that cannot be phosphorylated by NRK1 delays progression of the M phase and phragmoplast expansion, also rendering phragmoplast structures resistant to an MT-depolymerizing drug. Phosphorylation of NtMAP65-1 by NRK1/NTF6 down-regulates its MT-bundling activity in vitro. These results suggest that phosphorylation of NtMAP65-1 by NRK1/NTF6 also reduces its MT-bundling activity in vivo, which enhances destabilization and turnover of MTs at the phragmoplast equator, perhaps facilitating phragmoplast expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sasabe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kurata T, Ishida T, Kawabata-Awai C, Noguchi M, Hattori S, Sano R, Nagasaka R, Tominaga R, Koshino-Kimura Y, Kato T, Sato S, Tabata S, Okada K, Wada T. Cell-to-cell movement of the CAPRICE protein in Arabidopsis root epidermal cell differentiation. Development 2005; 132:5387-98. [PMID: 16291794 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CAPRICE (CPC), a small, R3-type Myb-like protein, is a positive regulator of root hair development in Arabidopsis. Cell-to-cell movement of CPC is important for the differentiation of epidermal cells into trichoblasts(root hair cells). CPC is transported from atrichoblasts (hairless cells),where it is expressed, to trichoblasts, and generally accumulates in their nuclei. Using truncated versions of CPC fused to GFP, we identified a signal domain that is necessary and sufficient for CPC cell-to-cell movement. This domain includes the N-terminal region and a part of the Myb domain. Amino acid substitution experiments indicated that W76 and M78 in the Myb domain are critical for targeted transport, and that W76 is crucial for the nuclear accumulation of CPC:GFP. To evaluate the tissue-specificity of CPC movement,CPC:GFP was expressed in the stele using the SHR promoter and in trichoblasts using the EGL3 promoter. CPC:GFP was able to move from trichoblasts to atrichoblasts but could not exit from the stele, suggesting the involvement of tissue-specific regulatory factors in the intercellular movement of CPC. Analyses with a secretion inhibitor, Brefeldin A, and with an rhd3 mutant defective in the secretion process in root epidermis suggested that intercellular CPC movement is mediated through plasmodesmata. Furthermore, the fusion of CPC to tandem-GFPs defined the capability of CPC to increase the size exclusion limit of plasmodesmata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kurata
- Plant Science Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sazuka T, Aichi I, Kawai T, Matsuo N, Kitano H, Matsuoka M. The Rice Mutant dwarf bamboo shoot 1: A Leaky Mutant of the NACK-type Kinesin-like Gene Can Initiate Organ Primordia but not Organ Development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 46:1934-43. [PMID: 16183700 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pci206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
That plant dwarfism is caused by hormonal defects related to gibberellin and brassinosteroid has been well documented. Other contributing elements, however, have not been elucidated. Here, we report on one of the most severe dwarf mutants of rice, dwarf bamboo shoot 1 (dbs1). Most mutant plants died within 1 month after sowing, but a few (5.2%) survived and grew. Vacuolation enlarged cells in the leaf primordia and seminal root before abortion, which disrupted the organized cell files in these organs. Relative to the severe defects in shoot and root growth, the overall structure of the dbs1 embryo was almost normal. Similarly, initiation and organogenesis of the leaf primordia at the shoot apical meristem and those of the lateral root primordia at the root elongation zone occurred normally. These observations suggest that DBS1 is involved in the growth and development of organs but not in organ initiation or organogenesis. Positional cloning of DBS1 revealed that it encoded a NACK-type kinesin-like protein (OsNACK), homologous to the essential components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade during plant cytokinesis. A BLAST search indicated that DBS1 was the only gene encoding the OsNACK-type protein in the rice genome, and the dbs1 mutant produced only small amounts of the translatable DBS1 mRNA. Thus, we conclude that the dbs1 mutation causes a severe defect in DBS1 function but does not completely shut it down. We discuss the leaky phenotype of dbs1 under the restricted functioning of OsNACK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sazuka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pan R, Lee YRJ, Liu B. Localization of two homologous Arabidopsis kinesin-related proteins in the phragmoplast. PLANTA 2004; 220:156-64. [PMID: 15258761 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-004-1324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 05/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During plant cytokinesis, kinesin-related motor proteins are believed to play critical roles in microtubule organization and vesicle transport in the phragmoplast. Previously, we reported that the motor AtPAKRP1 was associated with the plus end of phragmoplast microtubules in Arabidopsis thaliana [Lee Y-RJ, Liu B (2000) Curr Biol 10:797-800]. In this paper, we report a full-length cDNA from the same organism, which encodes a polypeptide 74% identical to AtPAKRP1. This AtPAKRP1-like protein--AtPAKRP1L--and AtPAKRP1 share similar domain structures along the polypeptides. Peptide antibodies were raised and purified to distinguish the two polypeptides in vitro and in vivo. When monospecific anti-AtPAKRP1 and anti-AtPAKRP1L antibodies were used in immunofluorescence, they both decorated the plus end of phragmoplast microtubules at all stages of phragmoplast development. Their localization patterns were indistinguishable from each other. By using bacterially expressed fusion proteins of motor-less versions of both polypeptides, it was revealed that AtPAKRP1 and AtPAKRP1L were able to interact with themselves and with each other. Using T-DNA insertional mutants, it was also demonstrated that AtPAKRP1 and AtPAKRP1L were not required for each other's localization. Our results therefore indicate that AtPAKRP1 and AtPAKRP1L are both expressed in the same cells, and likely have identical functions in the phragmoplast by forming either homodimers or heterodimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Pan
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shou H, Bordallo P, Fan JB, Yeakley JM, Bibikova M, Sheen J, Wang K. Expression of an active tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:3298-303. [PMID: 14960727 PMCID: PMC365784 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308095100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold acclimation is the major process that prepares plants for freezing tolerance. In addition to extensive transcription regulation by cold-inducible master transcription factors, oxidative stress signaling has been postulated to play a role in freezing tolerance. Activation of oxidative signaling through the expression of an active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase provided benefits in transgenic tobacco at freezing temperature bypassing cold acclimation. Because involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in oxidative stress signaling is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals, we tested the effect of expressing a heterologous tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (Nicotiana PK1), which can mimic H(2)O(2) signaling, in a major cereal crop. We demonstrate that low-level but constitutive expression of the Nicotiana PK1 gene enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic maize plants that are normally frost sensitive. Our results suggest that a new molecular approach can be designed to genetically enhance freezing tolerance in important crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Shou
- Plant Transformation Facility, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|