1
|
Gozalo AS, Zerfas PM, Qin J, Alves DA, Akkaya M, Peña MY, Elkins WR. Contributions of Diet and Age to Ulcerative Dermatitis in Female C57BL/6J Mice. Comp Med 2023; 73:109-119. [PMID: 36882188 PMCID: PMC10162378 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
C57BL/6J (B6) mice are commonly affected by ulcerative dermatitis (UD), a disease of unknown etiology with poor response to treatment. To study the possible role of diet in UD, we compared skin changes in B6 female mice fed a high-fat diet with those of mice fed a control diet. In addition, skin samples from mice with no, mild, moderate, and severe clinical signs of UD were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mice fed a high-fat diet for 2 mo had more skin mast cell degranulation than did mice fed the control diet for the same period. Regardless of diet, older mice had more skin mast cells and more of these cells were degranulating as compared with younger mice. Microscopic changes in very early lesions were characterized by an increase in dermal mast cells and degranulation with focal areas of epidermal hyperplasia with or without hyperkeratosis. As the condition progressed, a mixed but predominantly neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate appeared in the dermis, with or without epidermal erosion and scab formation. TEM showed that dermal mast cell membranes had disrupted and released of large number of electron dense granules, whereas degranulated mast cells were filled with isolated and coalescing empty spaces due to fusion of granule membranes. Ulceration appeared to occur very quickly, probably as result of intense scratching due to the pruritogenic properties of the histamine released from mast cell granules. This study showed a direct correlation between dietary fat and skin mast cell degranulation in female B6 mice. In addition, the number of skin mast cells and degranulation rates was higher in older mice. Treatments directed at preventing mast cell degranulation may result in better outcomes when applied early in UD cases. As noted previously in studies using caloric restriction, lower fat content in rodent diets may help prevent UD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso S Gozalo
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Pathology Service, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jing Qin
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Derron A Alves
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Munir Akkaya
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesday, Maryland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mirna Y Peña
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesday, Maryland
| | - William R Elkins
- Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Hogenkamp A, Li X, Chen H, Garssen J, Knippels LMJ. Role of selenium in IgE mediated soybean allergy development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7016-7024. [PMID: 35187987 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2039898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Food allergy is a pathological immune reaction triggered by normal innocuous dietary proteins. Soybean is widely used in many food products and has long been recognized as a source of high-quality proteins. However, soybean is listed as one of the 8 most significant food allergens. The prevalence of soybean allergy is increasing worldwide and impacts the quality of life of patients. Currently, the only strategy to manage food allergy relies on strict avoidance of the offending food. Nutritional supplementation is a new prevention strategy which is currently under evaluation. Selenium (Se), as one of the essential micronutrients for humans and animals, carries out biological effects through its incorporation into selenoproteins. The use of interventions with micronutrients, like Se, might be an interesting new approach. In this review we describe the involvement of Se in a variety of processes, including maintaining immune homeostasis, preventing free radical damage, and modulating the gut microbiome, all of which may contribute to in both the prevention and treatment of food allergy. Se interventions could be an interesting new approach for future treatment strategies to manage soybean allergy, and food allergy in general, and could help to improve the quality of life for food allergic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Astrid Hogenkamp
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone/Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon M J Knippels
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Danone/Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kakavas S, Karayiannis D, Mastora Z. The Complex Interplay between Immunonutrition, Mast Cells, and Histamine Signaling in COVID-19. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103458. [PMID: 34684460 PMCID: PMC8537261 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for new therapeutic modalities against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mast cell histamine has been implicated in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 as a regulator of proinflammatory, fibrotic, and thrombogenic processes. Consequently, mast cell histamine and its receptors represent promising pharmacological targets. At the same time, nutritional modulation of immune system function has been proposed and is being investigated for the prevention of COVID-19 or as an adjunctive strategy combined with conventional therapy. Several studies indicate that several immunonutrients can regulate mast cell activity to reduce the de novo synthesis and/or release of histamine and other mediators that are considered to mediate, at least in part, the complex pathophysiology present in COVID-19. This review summarizes the effects on mast cell histamine of common immunonutrients that have been investigated for use in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kakavas
- Critical Care Department, “Sotiria” General Hospital of Chest Diseases, 152 Mesogeion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Karayiannis
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Ypsilantou 45-47, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-213-2045035; Fax: +30-213-2041385
| | - Zafeiria Mastora
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mast Cell Regulation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Effects of Food Components with Potential Nutraceutical Use. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184314. [PMID: 32962285 PMCID: PMC7570512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are key actors in inflammatory reactions. Upon activation, they release histamine, heparin and nerve growth factor, among many other mediators that modulate immune response and neuron sensitization. One important feature of mast cells is that their population is usually increased in animal models and biopsies from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, mast cells and mast cell mediators are regarded as key components in IBS pathophysiology. IBS is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the quality of life of up to 20% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits, with heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from constipation to diarrhea, with a mixed subtype and even an unclassified form. Nutrient intake is one of the triggering factors of IBS. In this respect, certain components of the daily food, such as fatty acids, amino acids or plant-derived substances like flavonoids, have been described to modulate mast cells' activity. In this review, we will focus on the effect of these molecules, either stimulatory or inhibitory, on mast cell degranulation, looking for a nutraceutical capable of decreasing IBS symptoms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Möllerherm H, Meier K, Schmies K, Fuhrmann H, Naim HY, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Branitzki-Heinemann K. Differentiation and Functionality of Bone Marrow-Derived Mast Cells Depend on Varying Physiologic Oxygen Conditions. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1665. [PMID: 29250065 PMCID: PMC5714875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are long-living multifunctional innate immune cells that originate from hematopoietic precursors and specifically differentiate in the destination tissue, e.g., skin, respiratory mucosa, intestine, where they mediate immune cell recruitment and antimicrobial defense. In vivo these tissues have characteristic physiological oxygen levels that are considerably lower than the atmospheric oxygen conditions (159 mmHg, 21% O2; 5% CO2) traditionally used to differentiate MCs and to study their functionality in vitro. Only little is known about the impact of physiological oxygen conditions on the differentiation process of MCs. This study aimed to characterize the differentiation of immature murine bone marrow-derived MCs under physioxia in vitro (7% O2; 53 mmHg; 5% CO2). Bone marrow-derived suspension cells were differentiated in the presence of interleukin-3 with continuous, non-invasive determination of the oxygen level using a Fibox4-PSt3 measurement system without technique-caused oxygen consumption. Trypan blue staining confirmed cellular viability during the specified period. Interestingly, MCs cultivated at 7% O2 showed a significantly delayed differentiation rate defined by CD117-positive cells, analyzed by flow cytometry, and reached >95% CD117 positive population at day 32 after isolation. Importantly, MCs differentiated under physioxia displayed a decreased transcript expression level of hif-1α and selected target genes vegf, il-6, and tnf-α, but an increase of foxo3 and vhl expression compared to MCs cultivated under normoxia. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species as well as the amount of intracellular stored histamine was significantly lower in MCs differentiated under low oxygen levels, which might have consequences for their function such as immunomodulation of other immune cells. These results show for the first time that physioxia substantially affect maturation and the properties of MCs and highlight the need to study their function under physiologically relevant oxygen conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Möllerherm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Karsten Meier
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmies
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Möllerherm H, Branitzki-Heinemann K, Brogden G, Elamin AA, Oehlmann W, Fuhrmann H, Singh M, Naim HY, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Hypoxia Modulates the Response of Mast Cells to Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:541. [PMID: 28553287 PMCID: PMC5425595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the antimicrobial function of immune cells ex vivo, cells are commonly cultivated under atmospheric oxygen concentrations (20–21%; normoxia), although the physiological oxygen conditions in vivo are significantly lower in most tissues. Especially during an acute infection, oxygen concentration locally decreases to hypoxic levels around or below 1%. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the activity of mast cells (MCs). MCs were cultivated for 3 or 24 h at 1% O2 in a hypoxia glove box and co-incubated with heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. When incubating the cells for 24 h under hypoxia, the transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was stabilized and resulted in increased extracellular trap formation and decreased phagocytosis. Interestingly, while phagocytosis of fluorescent S. aureus bioparticles as well as the release of extracellular traps remained unaffected at 3 h hypoxia, the secretion of the prestored mediator histamine was increased under hypoxia alone. In contrast, the release of TNF-α was generally reduced at 3 h hypoxia. Microarray transcriptome analysis revealed 13 genes that were significantly downregulated in MCs comparing 3 h hypoxia versus normoxia. One interesting candidate is sec24, a member of the pre-budding complex of coat protein complex II (COPII), which is responsible for the anterograde transport of proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. These data lead to the suggestion that de novo synthesized proteins including crucial factors, which are involved in the response to an acute infection like TNF-α, may eventually be retained in the ER under hypoxia. Importantly, the expression of HIF-1α was not altered at 3 h. Thus, our data exhibit a HIF-1α-independent reaction of MCs to short-term hypoxia. We hypothesize that MCs respond to short-term low oxygen levels in a HIF-1α-independent manner by downregulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, thereby avoiding uncontrolled degranulation, which could lead to excessive inflammation and severe tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Möllerherm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katja Branitzki-Heinemann
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Wulf Oehlmann
- LIONEX Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University for Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jaffary F, Faghihi G, Mokhtarian A, Hosseini SM. Effects of oral vitamin E on treatment of atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:1053-7. [PMID: 26941808 PMCID: PMC4755091 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) remains to be determined; recently a possible change in the immune system with production of immunoglobulins is proposed. As vitamin E is a potent antioxidant, with the ability to decrease the serum levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in atopic patients, we aimed to evaluate the effect of oral vitamin E on treatment of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comprised seventy participants with mild-to-moderate AD, based on the Hanifin and Rajka diagnostic criteria. The patients were randomly selected from teaching skin clinics in Isfahan, Iran. They were randomly assigned to two groups of equal number, receiving vitamin E (400 IU/day) and placebo for four 4 months. Each month, the extent, severity, and subjective symptoms including itch and sleeplessness were measured by SCORAD index. Three months after the end of intervention, the recurrence rate was assessed. RESULTS The improvement in all symptoms, except sleeplessness, was significantly higher in the group receiving vitamin E than in controls (-1.5 vs. 0.218 in itching, -10.85 vs. -3.54 in extent of lesion, and -11.12 vs. -3.89 in SCORAD index, respectively, P < 0.05). Three months after the end of intervention, the recurrence rate of AD was evaluated. Recurrence rate between all 42 individuals, who remained in the study, was 18.6%. Recurrence ratio of the group receiving vitamin E compared to the placebo group was 1.17, without significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that vitamin E can improve the symptoms and the quality of life in patients with AD. As vitamin E has no side effects with a dosage of 400 IU/day, it can be recommended for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Jaffary
- Department of Dermatology, School of Health, Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gita Faghihi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Health, Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arghavan Mokhtarian
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The discovery of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) began in 1922 as a vital component required in reproduction. Today, there are eight naturally occurring vitamin E isoforms, namely α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol. Vitamin E is potent antioxidants, capable of neutralizing free radicals directly by donating hydrogen from its chromanol ring. α-Tocopherol is regarded the dominant form in vitamin E as the α-tocopherol transfer protein in the liver binds mainly α-tocopherol, thus preventing its degradation. That contributed to the oversight of tocotrienols and resulted in less than 3% of all vitamin E publications studying tocotrienols. Nevertheless, tocotrienols have been shown to possess superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties over α-tocopherol. In particular, inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase to lower cholesterol, attenuating inflammation via downregulation of transcription factor NF-κB activation, and potent radioprotectant against radiation damage are some properties unique to tocotrienols, not tocopherols. Aside from cancer, vitamin E has also been shown protective in bone, cardiovascular, eye, nephrological and neurological diseases. In light of the different pharmacological properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols, it becomes critical to specify which vitamin E isoform(s) are being studied in any future vitamin E publications. This review provides an update on vitamin E therapeutic potentials, protective effects and modes of action beyond cancer, with comparison of tocopherols against tocotrienols. With the concerted efforts in synthesizing novel vitamin E analogs and clinical pharmacology of vitamin E, it is likely that certain vitamin E isoform(s) will be therapeutic agents against human diseases besides cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W S Daniel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Safaralizadeh R, Nourizadeh M, Zare A, Kardar GA, Pourpak Z. Influence of selenium on mast cell mediator release. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:299-303. [PMID: 23784732 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Selenium supplementation still enhanced the immune response even in individuals who, according to current standards, would be considered as not being overtly selenium deficient. Mast cells are granulated cells that play a pivotal role in allergic reactions. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effect of sodium selenite on mediator release and degranulation of murine mast cell line (MC/9). Cells were pre-treated with selenium selenite (1, 2, 3 μg/ml) for 24 h and controls left untreated. Then, cells were sensitized overnight with anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE and challenged with DNP/HSA for degranulation induction. The histamine and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were measured by ELISA, and β-hexosaminidase was measured by spectrophotometery method. Selenium-treated cells revealed significant decrease in concentration of PGD2 (P = 0.019) and β-hexosaminidase (P = 0.009). In addition, a slight reduction of histamine release by the selenium-treated cells was observed, based on our intracellular and extracellular assessments. The most inhibitory effect of selenium supplementation on mediator release of MC/9 cells was obtained in the presence of 3 μg/ml of sodium selenite. The results of the present study demonstrate beneficial effects of supplemental selenium in attenuating clinical manifestations of allergy and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
High-efficiency transfection of suspension cell lines. Biotechniques 2012; 53:000113914. [PMID: 26307260 DOI: 10.2144/000113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection of suspension cells has proven to be very difficult using conventional methods. Here, we present a simple and time-saving new transfection protocol wherein cell culture plates coated with chicken egg white are seeded with suspension cells prior to transfection. Our results demonstrate that coupling egg white coatings with commercially available transfection reagents leads to high transfection efficiency with suspension cell lines including canine mastocytoma C2 and the human myeloid cell line HL-60. This new approach, which should prove applicable to a wide range of cell lines, solves a crucial problem for researchers working with suspension cells.
Collapse
|
11
|
Finotello R, Pasquini A, Meucci V, Lippi I, Rota A, Guidi G, Marchetti V. redox status evaluation in dogs affected by mast cell tumour. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:120-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Finotello
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool; Liverpool UK
| | - A. Pasquini
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - V. Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - I. Lippi
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - A. Rota
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - G. Guidi
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - V. Marchetti
- Department of Veterinary Clinics; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schmutzler S, Bachmann L, Fuhrmann H, Schumann J. PUFA-dependent alteration of oxidative parameters of a canine mastocytoma cell line. Acta Vet Hung 2010; 58:453-64. [PMID: 21087915 DOI: 10.1556/avet.58.2010.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a key role in the immune response. Thereby, the balance of oxidative metabolism is of importance in mast cell mediator synthesis and release. Fatty acids may modify mast cell function in several ways. In this study, we investigated the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on oxidative parameters of a canine mastocytoma cell line. C2 cells were cultured in media supplemented with linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as lipid peroxides was tested. Furthermore, stressor-induced DNA damage was measured. Exposure of the cells to PUFAs resulted in a significant increase in the synthesis of both ROS and lipid peroxides. Distinct differences between the PUFAs tested underline the impact of the unsaturation degree of fatty acids as well as the position of double bonds on mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schmutzler
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Lisa Bachmann
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Schumann
- 1 University of Leipzig Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cerrato S, Brazis P, della Valle MF, Miolo A, Puigdemont A. Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on immunologically induced histamine, PGD2 and TNFalpha release from canine skin mast cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 133:9-15. [PMID: 19625089 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endocannabinoid-like compound and the parent molecule of the aliamide family, a group of fatty acid amides able to act through the down-regulation of mast cell degranulation. PEA has been proven to exert both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, and recent studies have shown its ability in reducing clinical symptoms of inflammatory skin diseases, both in humans and in animals. Although its pharmacological efficacy is well known, the mechanism of action of this family of compounds is still unclear. To better understand the cellular effects of aliamides in dogs, canine mast cells freshly isolated from skin biopsies were incubated with IgE-rich serum and were challenged with anti-canine IgE. Histamine, prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) release was measured in the presence and absence of increasing concentrations of PEA, ranging from 10(-8)M to 10(-5)M. Histamine, PGD(2) and TNFalpha release, immunologically induced by canine anti-IgE, were significantly inhibited in the presence of PEA. The maximum inhibitory effect on histamine release was observed at 3x10(-6)M PEA concentration achieving an inhibition of 54.3+/-5.2%. PGD(2) release was significantly inhibited at 10(-5)M and 10(-6)M PEA concentrations with 25.5+/-10.2% and 14.6+/-5.6% of inhibition, respectively. Finally, PEA inhibited TNFalpha release to 29.2+/-2.0% and 22.1+/-7.2%, at concentrations of 10(-5)M and 3x10(-6)M, respectively. The results obtained in the present study showed the ability of the aliamide PEA to down-modulate skin mast cell activation. Therefore, our findings suggest that the beneficial effect of PEA, observed in inflammation and pain clinical studies, could be due, at least in part, to its ability to inhibit the release of both preformed and newly synthesised mast cell mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cerrato
- UNIVET, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim Y, Vasu VT, Valacchi G, Leonard S, Aung HH, Schock BC, Kenyon NJ, Li CS, Traber MG, Cross CE. Severe vitamin E deficiency modulates airway allergic inflammatory responses in the murine asthma model. Free Radic Res 2008; 42:387-96. [PMID: 18404538 DOI: 10.1080/10715760801976600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex immunologically mediated disease associated with increased oxidative stress and altered antioxidant defenses. It was hypothesized that alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) decreases oxidative stress and therefore its absence may influence allergic inflammatory process, a pathobiology known to be accompanied by oxidative stress. Therefore, selected parameters of allergic asthma sensitization and inflammation were evaluated following ovalbumin sensitization and re-challenge of alpha-T transfer protein (TTP) knock-out mice (TTP(-/-)) that have greatly reduced lung alpha-T levels (e.g.<5%) compared to their litter mate controls (TTP(+/+)). Results showed that severe alpha-T deficiency result in a blunted lung expression of IL-5 mRNA and IL-5 protein and plasma IgE levels compared with TTP(+/+) mice following immune sensitization and rechallenge, although lung lavage eosinophil levels were comparable in both genomic strains. It is concluded that the initial stimulation of immune responses by the TTP(-/-) mice were generally blunted compared to the TTP(+/+) mice, thus diminishing some aspects of subsequent allergic inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsook Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Comparative Lung Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in the immune system by interacting with B and T cells and by releasing several mediators involved in activating other cells. Hyperreactivity of mast cells and their uncontrolled accumulation in tissues lead to increased release of inflammatory mediators contributing to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and allergic disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Interference with mast cell proliferation, survival, degranulation, and migration by synthetic or natural compounds may represent a preventive strategy for the management of these diseases. Natural vitamin E covers a group of eight analogues-the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienols, but only alpha-tocopherol is efficiently retained by the liver and distributed to peripheral tissues. Mast cells preferentially locate in the proximity of tissues that interface with the external environment (the epithelial surface of the skin, the gastrointestinal mucosa, and the respiratory system), what may render them accessible to treatments with inefficiently retained natural vitamin E analogues and synthetic derivatives. In addition to scavenging free radicals, the natural vitamin E analogues differently modulate signal transduction and gene expression in several cell lines; in mast cells, protein kinase C, protein phosphatase 2A, and protein kinase B are affected by vitamin E, leading to the modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, secretion, and migration. In this chapter, the possibility that vitamin E can prevent diseases with mast cells involvement by modulating signal transduction and gene expression is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Mora F, Puigdemont A, Torres R. The role of mast cells in atopy: what can we learn from canine models? A thorough review of the biology of mast cells in canine and human systems. Br J Dermatol 2007; 155:1109-23. [PMID: 17107377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell research has largely focused on the role of these cells in the early phase of allergic reactions. However, their involvement may well extend beyond this stage, and even reach across nonallergic conditions. Mast cells from different sources have helped advance our knowledge of their biology. Although in vitro and in vivo research in this area has mainly focused on humans, such studies are limited by the extent to which cells from certain human tissues and/or human patients can be collected or studied. While rodents also provide valuable models with which to further our understanding of the behaviour of mast cells and their contribution to allergy, reported differences between human and murine mast cells, and, in some instances, the limitations of in vivo rodent models of mast cell-mediated allergic conditions, preclude their use. In this review, we introduce a relatively unknown mast cell population, that of the dog. Canine mast cells display many phenotypic and functional similarities with their human counterparts, and dogs develop spontaneous and induced allergic diseases that share clinical and pathophysiological features with the human condition. Therefore, the use of canine cells can shed light on the general role of mast cells, particularly in relation to allergic diseases given the potential of in vivo dog models within this field. Here we provide a detailed review of the data reported from in vitro and in vivo studies of canine mast cells, and compare them with results obtained in human systems. We also highlight direct evidence of the mast cell contribution to canine atopy. We conclude that the dog offers useful in vitro and in vivo models in which to investigate mast cell behaviour, and that its use should be considered when undertaking studies aimed either at elucidating the role of mast cells in health and disease, or at prescreening novel therapies prior to entry into man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F de Mora
- Department of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ikeda T, Murakami M, Funaba M. Expression of tocopherol-associated protein in mast cells. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 11:1189-91. [PMID: 15539527 PMCID: PMC524756 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.11.6.1189-1191.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tocopherol-associated protein (TAP) was expressed in mouse mast cells. TAP was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, and the subcellular localization was not changed by alpha-tocopherol. The results suggest that the physiological role of TAP in mast cells is not regulation of tocopherol function but an as-yet-unidentified activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Ikeda
- Azabu University Research Institute of Biosciences, Azabu University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara 229-8501, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kempná P, Reiter E, Arock M, Azzi A, Zingg JM. Inhibition of HMC-1 mast cell proliferation by vitamin E: involvement of the protein kinase B pathway. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:50700-9. [PMID: 15385541 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m410800200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of four natural tocopherols on the proliferation and signaling pathways were examined in the human mastocytoma cell line (HMC-1). The four tocopherols inhibited HMC-1 cell proliferation with different potency (delta > alpha = gamma > beta). Growth inhibition correlated with the reduction of PKB (protein kinase B) phosphorylation by the different tocopherols. The reduction of PKB phosphorylation led to a decrease of its activity, as judged from a parallel reduction of GSKalpha/beta phosphorylation. The translocation of PKB to the membrane, as a response to receptor stimulation by NGFbeta, is also prevented by treatment with tocopherols. In the presence of PKC or PP2A inhibitors, the reduction of PKB phosphorylation by tocopherols was still observed, thus excluding the direct involvement of these enzymes. Other pathways, such as the Ras-stimulated ERK1/2 (extracellular signal responsive kinase) pathway, were not affected by tocopherol treatment. The tocopherols did not significantly change oxidative stress in HMC-1 cells, suggesting that the observed effects are not the result of a general reduction of oxidative stress. Thus, the tocopherols interfere with PKB phosphorylation and reduce proliferation of HMC-1 cells, possibly by modulating either phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, a kinase phosphorylating PKB (PDK1/2), or a phosphatase that dephosphorylates it. Inhibition of proliferation and PKB signaling in HMC-1 cells by vitamin E suggests a role in preventing diseases with mast cell involvement, such as allergies, atherosclerosis, and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kempná
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gueck T, Seidel A, Fuhrmann H. Effects of essential fatty acids on mediators of mast cells in culture. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2003; 68:317-22. [PMID: 12711248 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(03)00022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) on the fatty acid composition and the activity and release of mast cell mediators in the canine mastocytoma cell line C2. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium mixed with 50% Ham's F12 (containing linoleic acid 0.14 micro M). The basic medium (DEH) was supplemented with 0.14 micro M alpha-linolenic acid. 14.0 micro M alpha-linolenic acid (DEH-n-3) or 14.0 micro M linoleic acid (DEH-n-6) was added. Eight days after culturing of C2 in DEH-n-3 we measured elevated levels of n-3 fatty acids up to 22:3. The tryptase activity and the stimulated PGE2 production and histamine release were reduced. In contrast, after culturing of C2 in DEH-n-6 we determined elevated levels of n-6 fatty acids up to 20:3, increased tryptase activity and stimulated histamine release. Thus 18:3n-3 has anti-inflammatory effects in cultured canine mastocytoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gueck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|