1
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Kessler Iglesias C, Bloom JE, Xiao X, Moskovitch J, Eckford H, Offen S, Kotlyar E, Keogh A, Jabbour A, Bergin P, Leet A, Hare JL, Taylor AJ, Hayward CS, Jansz P, Kaye DM, Macdonald PS, Muthiah K. Early Use of Aspirin for Coronary Allograft Prophylaxis in Heart Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00814. [PMID: 39020464 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation. The use of aspirin for CAV prophylaxis has recently garnered interest as a possible therapeutic adjunct in this setting. METHODS This 2-center retrospective cohort study included 372 patients who underwent heart transplantation between January 2009 and March 2018 and were stratified according to the commencement of aspirin during their index transplant admission. The primary outcome was the development of moderate or severe CAV (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade ≥2) at surveillance coronary angiography. Secondary endpoints included mortality at follow-up. RESULTS There were no differences in age, sex, and cause of heart failure. In the early aspirin group, the preponderant risk factors included use of ventricular assist devices, pretransplant smoking, and mild or moderate rejection. Multivariable analyses to assess for independent predictors of CAV development and mortality demonstrated that aspirin was associated with reduced mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.47, P < 0.01) and a trend toward a protective effect against the development of moderate or severe CAV (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.54-1.19; P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective risk-adjusted 2-center cohort study, early aspirin administration was associated with reduced risk of death and a trend toward a protective effect against CAV development. These findings warrant validation in prospective randomized trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Kessler Iglesias
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason E Bloom
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaoman Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Hunter Eckford
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Offen
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eugene Kotlyar
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Keogh
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Jabbour
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Bergin
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Angeline Leet
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James L Hare
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Taylor
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher S Hayward
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Jansz
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter S Macdonald
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kavitha Muthiah
- Heart Failure and Transplant Unit, Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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2
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Baba DF, Suciu H, Huma L, Avram C, Danilesco A, Moldovan DA, Opincar AS, Sin AI. Platelet-to-Albumin Ratio: The Prognostic Utility in the Prediction of 2-Month Postoperative Heart Transplant Complications. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:241. [PMID: 37367406 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10060241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR), leucocyte-to-albumin ratio (LAR), neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), and monocyte-to-albumin ratio (MAR) represent easily reproducible markers, which may predict the outcomes in various diseases. Early postoperative complications might appear after heart transplantation, such as infections, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), acute graft rejection, and atrial fibrillation (AFib). OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the PAR, LAR, NPAR, and MAR values before and after heart transplantation, and the associations of the preoperative levels of these markers with the presence of postoperative complications in first two months after surgery. METHODS Our retrospective research was directed from May 2014 to January 2021, with a total number of 38 patients being included. We used cut-off values for the ratios from previously published studies, as well as our own determination of these levels by using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS By ROC analysis, the optimal preoperative PAR cut-off value was 38.84 (AUC: 0.771, p = 0.0039), with 83.3% sensitivity, and 75.0% specificity. Applying a Chi square (χ2) test, PAR > 38.84 represented an independent risk factor for complications, regardless of cause, and postoperative infections. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative PAR > 38.84 was a risk factor of developing complications of any cause, and postoperative infections in the first two months after heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragos-Florin Baba
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Horatiu Suciu
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Huma
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Calin Avram
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Danilesco
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Andreea Moldovan
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefan Opincar
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Anca Ileana Sin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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3
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Pober JS, Chih S, Kobashigawa J, Madsen JC, Tellides G. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: current review and future research directions. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2624-2638. [PMID: 34343276 PMCID: PMC8783389 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a pathologic immune-mediated remodelling of the vasculature in transplanted hearts and, by impairing perfusion, is the major cause of late graft loss. Although best understood following cardiac transplantation, similar forms of allograft vasculopathy occur in other vascularized organ grafts and some features of CAV may be shared with other immune-mediated vasculopathies. Here, we describe the incidence and diagnosis, the nature of the vascular remodelling, immune and non-immune contributions to pathogenesis, current therapies, and future areas of research in CAV.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Animals
- Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology
- Coronary Artery Disease/immunology
- Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/pathology
- Coronary Vessels/immunology
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Graft Rejection/epidemiology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/metabolism
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Graft Survival
- Heart Transplantation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Risk Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Pathology and Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven CT 06520-8089, USA
| | - Sharon Chih
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jon Kobashigawa
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac Surgery), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Asleh R, Briasoulis A, Smith B, Lopez C, Alnsasra H, Pereira NL, Edwards BS, Clavell AL, Stulak JM, Locker C, Kremers WK, Daly RC, Lerman A, Kushwaha SS. Association of Aspirin Treatment With Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy Progression and Adverse Outcomes After Heart Transplantation. J Card Fail 2021; 27:542-551. [PMID: 33962742 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced platelet reactivity may play a role in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) progression. The use of antiplatelet agents after heart transplantation (HT) has been inconsistent and although aspirin (ASA) is often a part of the medication regimen after HT, limited evidence is available on its benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS CAV progression was assessed by measuring the difference in plaque volume and plaque index between the last follow-up and the baseline coronary intravascular ultrasound examination. Overall, 529 HT recipients were retrospectively analyzed (337 had ≥2 intravascular ultrasound studies). The progression in plaque volume (P = .007) and plaque index (P = .002) was significantly attenuated among patients treated with early ASA (within the first year after HT). Over a 6.7-year follow-up, all-cause mortality was lower with early ASA compared with late or no ASA use (P < .001). No cardiac deaths were observed in the early ASA group, and the risk of CAV-related graft dysfunction was significantly lower in this group (P = .03). However, the composite of all CAV-related events (cardiac death, CAV-related graft dysfunction, or coronary angioplasty) was not significantly different between the groups (P = .16). CONCLUSIONS Early ASA use after HT may delay CAV progression and decrease mortality and CAV-related graft dysfunction, but does not seem to affect overall CAV-associated events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Asleh
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 90000, Israel.
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Byron Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Camden Lopez
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hilmi Alnsasra
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naveen L Pereira
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brooks S Edwards
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alfredo L Clavell
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John M Stulak
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chaim Locker
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Walter K Kremers
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Richard C Daly
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sudhir S Kushwaha
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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5
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Aleksova N, Brahmbhatt DH, Kiamanesh O, Petropoulos JA, Chang Y, Guyatt G, Chih S, Ross HJ. The effect of antiplatelet therapy on survival and cardiac allograft vasculopathy following heart transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transplant 2020; 35:e14125. [PMID: 33068308 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is mediated by endothelial inflammation, platelet activation and thrombosis. Antiplatelet therapy may prevent the development of CAV. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and appraises the evidence on the effect of antiplatelet therapy after heart transplantation (HT). CENTRAL(Ovid), MEDLINE(Ovid), Embase(Ovid) were searched from inception until April 30, 2020. Outcomes included CAV, all-cause mortality, and CAV-related mortality. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Seven observational studies including 2023 patients, mean age 52 years, 22% female, 47% with ischemic cardiomyopathy followed over a mean 7.1 years proved eligible. All studies compared acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to no treatment and were at serious risk of bias. Data from 1911 patients in 6 studies were pooled in the meta-analyses. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of ASA on all-cause or CAV-related mortality. ASA may reduce the development of CAV (RR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.44-1.29) based on very low certainty evidence. Two studies that conducted propensity-weighted analyses showed further reduction in CAV with ASA (HR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.74). In conclusion, there is limited evidence that ASA may reduce the development of CAV. Definitive resolution of the impact of antiplatelet therapy on CAV and mortality will require randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Aleksova
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darshan H Brahmbhatt
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Omid Kiamanesh
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Yaping Chang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sharon Chih
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Heather J Ross
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research at the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Aleksova N, So DY, Stadnick E, Mielniczuk LM, Chih S. Increased platelet reactivity after heart transplantation. TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpr.2020.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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7
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Nikolova AP, Kobashigawa JA. Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: The Enduring Enemy of Cardiac Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103:1338-1348. [PMID: 31241553 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy remains a major limiting factor in the long-term survival of the heart transplant recipient. Our understanding of its pathogenesis is continuously evolving as advances in imaging modalities have allowed a direct window into the natural history of the disease. Innovation in diagnostic modalities has spurred the proliferation of prognostic tools and biomarkers. And in parallel, pharmacological advances have emerged that have helped ameliorate the disease's progressive course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana P Nikolova
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jon A Kobashigawa
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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8
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Holzhauser L, Imamura T, Nayak HM, Sarswat N, Kim G, Raikhelkar J, Kalantari S, Patel A, Onsager D, Song T, Ota T, Jeevanandam V, Sayer G, Uriel N. Consequences of Retained Defibrillator and Pacemaker Leads After Heart Transplantation-An Underrecognized Problem. J Card Fail 2018; 24:101-108. [PMID: 29325797 PMCID: PMC5945281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are common in patients undergoing heart transplantation (HT), and complete removal is not always possible at the time of transplantation. METHODS We retrospectively assessed the frequency of retained CIED leads and clinical consequences in consecutive HT patients from 2013 to 2016. Clinical outcomes included bacteremia, upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT), lead migration, and inability to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS A total of 138 patients (55 ± 11 years of age, 76% male) were identified; 37 (27%) had retained lead fragments (RLFs) at discharge. Patients with RLFs were older, had longer lead implantation time before HT, and a higher prevalence of dual-coil CIED leads compared with those without RLFs (P < .05 for all). Lead implantation time was identified as an independent predictor for RLFs (P < .05). Patients with RLFs had a higher frequency of DVT compared with the non-RLF group during the 1-year study period (42% vs 21%; P < .04). There was no difference in bacteremia. Fourteen patients (38%) could not undergo clinically indicated MRI. CONCLUSION RLFs after HT occur commonly and are associated with a higher rate of UEDVT and limit the use of MRI. Although no significant difference was found in the rates of bacteremia between the groups, this finding might be explained by the overall low incidence. Patients with risk factors for RLFs should be identified before transplantation, and complete lead removal should be considered with a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Holzhauser
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hemal M Nayak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nitasha Sarswat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gene Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jayant Raikhelkar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sara Kalantari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amit Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Onsager
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tae Song
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Takeyoshi Ota
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Valluvan Jeevanandam
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabriel Sayer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nir Uriel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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9
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Peled Y, Lavee J, Raichlin E, Katz M, Arad M, Kassif Y, Peled A, Asher E, Elian D, Har-Zahav Y, Shlomo N, Freimark D, Goldenberg I, Klempfner R. Early aspirin initiation following heart transplantation is associated with reduced risk of allograft vasculopathy during long-term follow-up. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Peled
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Jacob Lavee
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Eugenia Raichlin
- Cardiology Department; Loyola University Medical Center; Maywood IL USA
| | - Moshe Katz
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Michael Arad
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yigal Kassif
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Amir Peled
- Clalit Health Services; Central Region; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Elad Asher
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Dan Elian
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Yedael Har-Zahav
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
| | - Nir Shlomo
- Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials; Sheba Medical Center; Israel
| | - Dov Freimark
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Ilan Goldenberg
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Israeli Association for Cardiovascular Trials; Sheba Medical Center; Israel
| | - Robert Klempfner
- The Leviev Heart Center; Sheba Medical Center; Tel Hashomer Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
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10
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Early aspirin use and the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017; 36:1344-1349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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11
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The incidence of aspirin resistance in heart transplantation recipients. POLISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2017; 14:115-119. [PMID: 28747943 PMCID: PMC5519837 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2017.68742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Coronary allograft vasculopathy can cause as many deaths as infections or rejection episodes within 3 years following heart transplantation. Aim To compare the aspirin resistance rate in an allograft heart transplantation population and in a control group by laboratory tests including the Aspirin-Resistant Patients Identification Test (ASPItest). Material and methods A total of 24 heart recipients (20 men and 4 women) at a mean age of 48 ±13 years who underwent routine clinical follow-up were consecutively enrolled in group 1. The control group consisted of 24 patients (19 men and 5 women) at a mean age of 64 ±7 years waiting for coronary artery bypass grafting in our department. All patients were treated with a standard dose of 75 mg aspirin (ASA) daily. Results Aspirin resistance was evaluated by the Multiplate platelet function test. The ASPItest revealed a mean value of 27 ±22 U in the transplant group. Results above 30 U were obtained in 8 (34%) patients, with a mean value of 50.3 ±20.6 U, indicating aspirin resistance. In the control group ASPItest results above 30 U were obtained in 5 (20%) patients, with a mean value of 43.3 ±6.4 U. Conclusions There is a high incidence (34% vs. 20%, NS) of ASA resistance in heart transplantation recipients and in the general population, respectively.
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12
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Elboudwarej O, Patel JK, Liou F, Rafiei M, Osborne A, Chai W, Kittleson M, Czer L, Stern L, Esmailian F, Kobashigawa JA. Risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after heart transplantation: clinical outcomes comparing upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Clin Transplant 2015; 29:629-35. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank Liou
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | - Wanxing Chai
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | - Lily Stern
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute; Los Angeles CA USA
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13
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Platelets: versatile modifiers of innate and adaptive immune responses to transplants. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 16:41-6. [PMID: 21157344 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e3283425365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last decade there has been mounting experimental data demonstrating that platelets contribute to acute vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on recent findings that link platelets to inflammatory responses of relevance to transplants. RECENT FINDINGS Although it has been known that platelets modify vascular inflammation by secretion of soluble mediators and release of microparticles, new aspects of these mechanisms are being defined. For example, platelet-derived CCL5 not only functions in homomers, but also forms more potent heteromers with platelet factor 4 (PF4; CXCL4). This heteromer formation can be inhibited with small molecules. New findings also demonstrate heterologous interactions of platelet microparticles with leukocytes that may increase their range of impact. By attaching to neutrophils, platelet microparticles appear to migrate out of blood vessels and into other compartments where they stimulate secretion of cytokines. Contact of platelets with extracellular matrix also can result in cleavage of hyaluronan into fragments that serve as an endogenous danger signal. SUMMARY Recent findings have expanded the range of interactions by which platelets can modify innate and adaptive immune responses to transplants.
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Eckl S, Heim C, Abele-Ohl S, Hoffmann J, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Weyand M, Ensminger SM. Combination of clopidogrel and everolimus dramatically reduced the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in murine aortic allografts. Transpl Int 2010; 23:959-66. [PMID: 20230539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our group has shown that platelet inhibition with clopidogrel, an antagonist of the P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate receptor on platelets, reduced the formation of transplant arteriosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a combination of cyclosporin or everolimus with clopidogrel has a beneficial effect on the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. Fully MHC mismatched C57Bl/6 (H2(b)) donor aortas were transplanted into CBA.J (H2(k)) recipients and mice received either clopidogrel alone (1 mg/kg/day) or in combination with cyclosporin (2 mg/kg/day) or everolimus (0.05 mg/kg/day). Grafts were analysed by histology and morphometry on day 30 after transplantation. In mice treated with clopidogrel alone, transplant arteriosclerosis was significantly reduced [intima proliferation 56 +/- 11% vs. 81 +/- 7% (control)/n = 7]. Daily application of everolimus reduced the development of transplant arteriosclerosis compared with untreated controls [intima proliferation of 29 +/- 9% vs. 81 +/- 7% (control)/n = 7]. Strikingly, combination of clopidogrel and everolimus almost abolished the formation of transplant arteriosclerosis [intima proliferation: 11 +/- 8% vs. 81 +/- 7% (control)/n = 7]. By contrast, combination of cyclosporin and clopidogrel compared with clopidogrel alone showed no additive effect. These results demonstrate that combination of platelet- and mammalian target of Rapamycin-inhibition can dramatically reduce the development of transplant arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Eckl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Activation of platelets by Aspergillus fumigatus and potential role of platelets in the immunopathogenesis of Aspergillosis. Infect Immun 2009; 78:1269-75. [PMID: 20008537 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01091-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is the most frequent cause of invasive mold infections worldwide. Platelets contribute to inflammation and promote thrombosis, characteristically seen in aspergillosis, and might be involved both in antifungal defense and in the histopathological process. In the experiments reported here, in vitro activation of platelets by conidia, swollen conidia, and hyphae from A. fumigatus was assessed by flow cytometry and enzyme immunoassays. THP-1 monocytes and human monocytes with and without platelets were cultured with hyphae from A. fumigatus, and the release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was measured by enzyme immunoassays. A. fumigatus potently induced the expression of CD62-p and CD63 and the release of CD40 ligand, RANTES, and Dickkopf homolog 1 in platelets, with particularly enhancing effects of hyphae compared with conidia. The hypha-mediated activation of platelets further enhanced the release of IL-8 both in THP-1 monocytes and in human adherent monocytes. In conclusion, we have found that A. fumigatus is a potent inducer of platelet-mediated inflammation, potentially promoting protective as well as harmful responses during aspergillosis.
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Involvement of platelet activation by P2Y12 receptor in the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in mice. Transplantation 2009; 87:660-7. [PMID: 19295309 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318196305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although activated platelets influence inflammation by intraplatelet mediators in transplantation, their mechanism of involvement in the progression of transplant arteriosclerosis has not yet been elucidated. We, therefore, investigated this question using P2Y12 receptor knockout (KO) mice, in which platelets cannot be aggregated by adenosine diphosphate stimulation. METHODS Carotid arteries from 129X1 mice were orthotopically transplanted into wild-type or KO mice in a minor antigen(s)-mismatched strain combination. No immunosuppression was used. Grafts were harvested at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days after transplantation for morphometry and immunohistology. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction were performed at 7 and 14 days after transplantation. RESULTS The intima/media ratio of grafts in KO mice was significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice at 14, 28, and 56 days after transplantation. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed a significant reduction of platelet CD154 expression and platelet-leukocyte aggregates in KO mice at 14 days after transplantation. Additionally, levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and CD40 mRNA, and numbers of intercellular adhesion molecule-1- or CD40-positive cells in the grafts were lower in KO mice at 7 and 14 days after transplantation. These reductions resulted in a significant attenuation of CD45-positive leukocytes adhering to the graft vessel wall in KO mice at 14 days after transplantation. CONCLUSION Diminished platelet function by P2Y12 receptor deficiency attenuates initiation and strongly inhibits progression of transplant arteriosclerosis in mice by diminishing adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte accumulation in the grafts during the early phase after transplantation.
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Abele S, Spriewald BM, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Wollin M, Hiemann NE, Nieswandt B, Weyand M, Ensminger SM. Attenuation of transplant arteriosclerosis with clopidogrel is associated with a reduction of infiltrating dendritic cells and macrophages in murine aortic allografts. Transplantation 2009; 87:207-16. [PMID: 19155974 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181938913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monotherapy with clopidogrel reduced the formation of transplant arteriosclerosis in a murine aortic allograft model. However, the underlying immunologic mechanisms are still unknown. METHODS Fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched C57BL/6 (H2b) donor aortas were transplanted into CBA.J (H2k) recipients and mice received different doses (1, 10, and 20 mg/kg) of clopidogrel, an antagonist of the P2Y12 ADP receptor on platelets, or control saline for 30 days. Blood was analyzed for changes in adhesion molecule and sCD40L concentrations by ELISA. Grafts were analyzed by histology, morphometry, and immunofluorescence on day 30 after transplantation. Intragraft cytokine mRNA production was analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on day 14 after transplantation. RESULTS Treatment with clopidogrel resulted in significantly decreased blood concentrations of sCD40L and P-selectin after transplantation. Cellular analysis of the aortic transplant revealed fewer numbers of infiltrating dendritic cells (CD205+) and macrophages (F4/80+) after application of clopidogrel, whereas T-cells within the graft were unaltered. In addition cellular P-/E-selectin, ICAM-1, and platelet-derived-growth-factor (PDGF)-beta surface expression were significantly reduced as compared with untreated controls. Intragraft mRNA expression confirmed these results and showed significant lower production of P-/E-selectin, ICAM-1, and PDGF-beta after treatment with clopidogrel. Antiglycoprotein-Ib and antiglycoprotein VI had no beneficial effect on the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. CONCLUSION This report shows that application of clopidogrel after transplantation results in a reduction in adhesion molecule expression within the blood and transplant tissue and is associated with reduced transendothelial migration of dendritic cells and macrophages within the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Abele
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Oblitération bilatérale de la veine centrale de la rétine sur un rejet aigu léger de greffe cardiaque. J Fr Ophtalmol 2007; 30:1013-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(07)79279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jovin IS, Taborski U, Szalay Z, Friedel A, Segieth I, Jovin A, Heidinger K, Schreiner K, Frass O, Klövekorn WP, Müller-Berghaus G. Trapidil decreases the aggregation of platelets from heart transplant recipients ex vivo. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:1523-5. [PMID: 16797349 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heart transplant recipients show platelet hyperaggregability, which may be related to the incidence of graft vasculopathy. We investigated whether trapidil can inhibit the aggregation of platelets from these patients. Platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation were determined in 18 heart transplant recipients and 12 healthy subjects. Additionally, platelet-rich plasma from the patients was incubated with trapidil or with saline, prior to measuring ADP-induced aggregation. The MPV was significantly greater in patients compared to controls (9.4+/-1.1 vs 8.5+/-0.7 fL; P=.01), and ADP-induced platelet aggregation was significantly increased in patients compared to controls (81.2%+/-13.1% vs 69.6%+/-16.2%; P=.04, respectively). The trapidil-treated samples showed significantly decreased platelet aggregation compared to the control samples (24.2%+/-12.6% vs 66.7%+/-11.7%; P<.001). Platelets from heart transplant recipients showed an increased MPV and increased ADP-induced aggregation. Trapidil effectively reduced the ADP-induced aggregation ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Jovin
- Department of Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Bad Nauheim, Germany, and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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Mehra MR, Uber PA, Walther D, Vesely M, Wohlgemuth JG, Prentice J, Tayama D, Billingham M. Gene Expression Profiles and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Elevation in Heart Transplantation. Circulation 2006; 114:I21-6. [PMID: 16820574 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is chronically elevated in heart transplantation and reflects diastolic dysfunction, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, and poor late outcome. This investigation studied peripheral gene expression signatures of elevated BNP concentrations in clinically quiescent heart transplant recipients in an effort to elucidate molecular correlates beyond hemodynamic perturbations.
Methods and Results—
We performed gene microarray analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 28 heart transplant recipients with clinical quiescence (absence of dyspnea or fatigue; normal left ventricular ejection fraction [EF >55%]; ISHLT biopsy score 0 or 1A; and normal hemodynamics [RAP <7 mm Hg, PCWP ≤15 mm Hg, and CI ≥2.5 L/min per m
2
]). BNP levels were performed using the Triage B-type Natriuretic Peptide test (Biosite Diagnostics Inc, San Diego, Calif) and median BNP concentration was 165 pg/mL. Seventy-eight probes (of 7370) mapped to 54 unique genes were significantly correlated with BNP concentrations (
P
<0.001). Of these, the strongest correlated genes (
P
<0.0001) were in the domains of gelsolin (actin cytoskeleton), matrix metallopeptidases (collagen degradation), platelet function, and immune activity (human leukocyte antigen system, heat shock protein, mast cell, and B-cell lineage).
Conclusions—
In the clinically quiescent heart transplant recipient, an elevated BNP concentration is associated with molecular patterns that point to ongoing active cardiac structural remodeling, vascular injury, inflammation, and alloimmune processes. Thus, these findings allude to the notion that BNP elevation is not merely a hemodynamic marker but should be considered reflective of integrated processes that determine the balance between active cardiac allograft injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep R Mehra
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Abele S, Weyand M, Wollin M, Hiemann NE, Harig F, Fischlein T, Ensminger SM. Clopidogrel reduces the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131:1161-6. [PMID: 16678605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplant arteriosclerosis, the hallmark feature of chronic rejection, is still the major limiting factor for the long-term success of heart transplantation. Platelets have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate whether platelet inhibition alone has a positive effect on the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. METHODS Fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched C57BL/6 (H2(b)) donor aortas were transplanted into CBA (H2(k)) recipients, and mice received different doses (1, 10, and 20 mg/kg) of clopidogrel or control saline as a daily intraperitoneal injection for 30 days. Blood was analyzed on days 2, 7, 14, and 30 by using a platelet aggregation test (adenosine diphosphate) for effectiveness of the treatment. Grafts were analyzed by means of histology and morphometry on day 30 after transplantation. RESULTS When mice were treated daily with 1 mg/kg clopidogrel in the absence of any other immunosuppression, transplant arteriosclerosis was significantly reduced compared with that seen in saline-treated control animals (intimal proliferation of 66% +/- 9% [1 mg/kg clopidogrel] vs 77% +/- 5% [control], n = 7, P < or = .03). Daily application of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg clopidogrel also significantly reduced the development of transplant arteriosclerosis compared with that seen in control animals (intimal proliferation of 61% +/- 11% [10 mg/kg clopidogrel] vs 54% +/- 10% [20 mg/kg clopidogrel] vs 77% +/- 5% [control], n = 8, P < or = .003). There was, however, no additional beneficial effect when compared with mice treated with 1 mg/kg clopidogrel (P = .06). Isografts did not show any signs of vascular lesions on day 30 after transplantation. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that monotherapy with clopidogrel can effectively reduce the formation of transplant arteriosclerosis in a murine aortic allograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Abele
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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