1
|
Orlandi M, Porcellato I, Sforna M, Lo Giudice A, Giglia G, Mechelli L, Brachelente C. SOX-10 and TRP-1 expression in feline ocular and nonocular melanomas. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:712-720. [PMID: 38613415 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241244850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In felines, ocular and nonocular melanomas are uncommon tumors that represent a diagnostic challenge for pathologists, especially when amelanotic. To date, the immunohistochemical diagnostic panel in cats is based on specific melanocytic markers (Melan-A and PNL2) and a nonspecific but sensitive marker (S100). In human medicine, SOX-10 is reported to be a sensitive antibody for the detection of melanoma micrometastasis in the lymph node. TRP-1, an enzyme involved in melanogenesis, has recently been used in humans and dogs as a specific melanocyte marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-reactivity and the expression of SOX-10 and TRP-1 antibodies in feline normal tissue and melanocytic tumors. Thirty-one cases of ocular, cutaneous, and oral melanomas were retrospectively evaluated and confirmed by histopathological examination and by immunolabeling with Melan-A and/or PNL2. SOX-10 nuclear expression in normal tissues was localized in epidermal, subepidermal, hair bulb, and iridal stromal melanocytes and dermal nerves. In melanomas, nuclear expression of SOX-10 was detected in ocular (11/12; 92%), oral (6/7; 86%), and cutaneous sites (12/12; 100%). TRP-1 cytoplasmic immunolabeling in normal tissue was observed in epidermal and bulbar melanocytes and in the lining pigmented epithelium of the iris and in its stroma. Its expression was positively correlated to the degree of pigmentation in the tumor and was observed in 75% of ocular (9/12), 43% of oral (3/7), and 33% of cutaneous melanomas (4/12). This study demonstrated the cross-reactivity of SOX-10 and TRP-1 antibodies in feline non-neoplastic melanocytes and their expression in ocular and nonocular melanomas.
Collapse
|
2
|
Kazmi A, Abbas Z, Saleem Z, Haider S, Farooqui WA, Ahmed S. Relation of salivary MMP-8 with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cross sectional analytical study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060738. [PMID: 36523229 PMCID: PMC9748963 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to evaluate salivary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8) levels in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for the purpose of diagnosis at the early stage via non-invasive method. SETTING The study was multicentre, carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS A total 60 participants of any age, sex and ethnicity were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. Patients demonstrating clinical evidence of OSF and biopsy-proven cases of OSCC were included. Patients with indeterminate histopathological report, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorder, chronic medical and periodontal disease (periodontal depth greater than 5 mm) and individuals with interincisal mouth opening greater than 35 mm were excluded from the study. INTERVENTIONS Salivary MMP-8 levels were observed in OSF, healthy and OSCC groups by using ELISA. One way analysis of variance was applied to establish whether MMP-8 levels of disease-free individuals and patients suffering from OSF and OSCC differed from each other. RESULTS Statistically significant difference in salivary MMP-8 expression in diseased and control group was observed. MMP-8 levels in OSCC (0.64 ng/mL) and OSF (0.66 ng/mL) were underexpressed as compared with healthy participants (7.9 ng/mL). CONCLUSION MMP-8 levels were underexpressed in OSCC and OSF patients as compared with controls, which imply that MMP-8 level has an inverse relation with OSCC and OSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anum Kazmi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zia Abbas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohra Saleem
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Haider
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bahria University medical and dental college, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences - Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaur K, Pérez Otero SC, Benjamín-Rivera JA, Rodríguez I, Loza-Rosas SA, Vázquez Salgado AM, Akam EA, Hernández-Matias L, Sharma RK, Alicea N, Kowaleff M, Washington AV, Astashkin AV, Tomat E, Tinoco AD. Iron Chelator Transmetalative Approach to Inhibit Human Ribonucleotide Reductase. JACS AU 2021; 1:865-878. [PMID: 34240081 PMCID: PMC8243325 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Efforts directed at curtailing the bioavailability of intracellular iron could lead to the development of broad-spectrum anticancer drugs given the metal's role in cancer proliferation and metastasis. Human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the key enzyme responsible for synthesizing the building blocks of DNA replication and repair, depends on Fe binding at its R2 subunit to activate the catalytic R1 subunit. This work explores an intracellular iron chelator transmetalative approach to inhibit RNR using the titanium(IV) chemical transferrin mimetic (cTfm) compounds Ti(HBED) and Ti(Deferasirox)2. Whole-cell EPR studies reveal that the compounds can effectively attenuate RNR activity though seemingly causing different changes to the labile iron pool that may account for differences in their potency against cells. Studies of Ti(IV) interactions with the adenosine nucleotide family at pH 7.4 reveal strong metal binding and extensive phosphate hydrolysis, which suggest the capacity of the metal to disturb the nucleotide substrate pool of the RNR enzyme. By decreasing intracellular Fe bioavailability and altering the nucleotide substrate pool, the Ti cTfm compounds could inhibit the activity of the R1 and R2 subunits of RNR. The compounds arrest the cell cycle in the S phase, indicating suppressed DNA replication, and induce apoptotic cell death. Cotreatment cell viability studies with cisplatin and Ti(Deferasirox)2 reveal a promising synergism between the compounds that is likely owed to their distinct but complementary effect on DNA replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gaur
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Sofia C. Pérez Otero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Israel Rodríguez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | | | - Eman A. Akam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Liz Hernández-Matias
- Department
of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Río
Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Rohit K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Nahiara Alicea
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Martin Kowaleff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Anthony V. Washington
- Department
of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Río
Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Andrei V. Astashkin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University
of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico
Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Juurikka K, Dufour A, Pehkonen K, Mainoli B, Campioni Rodrigues P, Solis N, Klein T, Nyberg P, Overall CM, Salo T, Åström P. MMP8 increases tongue carcinoma cell-cell adhesion and diminishes migration via cleavage of anti-adhesive FXYD5. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:44. [PMID: 34059618 PMCID: PMC8167110 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) modify bioactive factors via selective processing or degradation resulting in tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressive effects, such as those by MMP8 in various cancers. We mapped the substrates of MMP8 to elucidate its previously shown tumour-protective role in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). MMP8 overexpressing (+) HSC-3 cells, previously demonstrated to have reduced migration and invasion, showed enhanced cell-cell adhesion. By analysing the secretomes of MMP8 + and control cells with terminal amine isotopic labelling of substrates (TAILS) coupled with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we identified 36 potential substrates of MMP8, including FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5 (FXYD5). An anti-adhesive glycoprotein FXYD5 has been previously shown to predict poor survival in OTSCC. Cleavage of FXYD5 by MMP8 was confirmed using recombinant proteins. Furthermore, we detected a loss of FXYD5 levels on cell membrane of MMP8 + cells, which was rescued by inhibition of the proteolytic activity of MMP8. Silencing (si) FXYD5 increased the cell-cell adhesion of control but not that of MMP8 + cells. siFXYD5 diminished the viability and motility of HSC-3 cells independent of MMP8 and similar effects were seen in another tongue cancer cell line, SCC-25. FXYD5 is a novel substrate of MMP8 and reducing FXYD5 levels either with siRNA or cleavage by MMP8 increases cell adhesion leading to reduced motility. FXYD5 being a known prognostic factor in OTSCC, our findings strengthen its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Juurikka
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - A Dufour
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Blood Research, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - K Pehkonen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - B Mainoli
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - P Campioni Rodrigues
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - N Solis
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Blood Research, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - T Klein
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Blood Research, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - P Nyberg
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - C M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Blood Research, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - T Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Åström
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Blood Research, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. .,Research Unit of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Enzymes are a class of protein that catalyze a wide range of chemical reactions, including the cleavage of specific peptide bonds. They are expressed in all cell types, play vital roles in tissue development and homeostasis, and in many diseases, such as cancer. Enzymatic activity is tightly controlled through the use of inactive pro-enzymes, endogenous inhibitors and spatial localization. Since the presence of specific enzymes is often correlated with biological processes, and these proteins can directly modify biomolecules, they are an ideal biological input for cell-responsive biomaterials. These materials include both natural and synthetic polymers, cross-linked hydrogels and self-assembled peptide nanostructures. Within these systems enzymatic activity has been used to induce biodegradation, release therapeutic agents and for disease diagnosis. As technological advancements increase our ability to quantify the expression and nanoscale organization of proteins in cells and tissues, as well as the synthesis of increasingly complex and well-defined biomaterials, enzyme-responsive biomaterials are poised to play vital roles in the future of biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Thomas Pashuck
- Department of Bioengineering, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering and Applied Science, Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Role of MMP8 in Cancer: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184506. [PMID: 31514474 PMCID: PMC6770849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have traditionally been considered as tumor promoting enzymes as they degrade extracellular matrix components, thus increasing the invasion of cancer cells. It has become evident, however, that MMPs can also cleave and alter the function of various non-matrix bioactive molecules, leading to both tumor promoting and suppressive effects. We applied systematic review guidelines to study MMP8 in cancer including the use of MMP8 as a prognostic factor or as a target/anti-target in cancer treatment, and its molecular mechanisms. A total of 171 articles met the inclusion criteria. The collective evidence reveals that in breast, skin and oral tongue cancer, MMP8 inhibits cancer cell invasion and proliferation, and protects patients from metastasis via cleavage of non-structural substrates. Conversely, in liver and gastric cancers, high levels of MMP8 worsen the prognosis. Expression and genetic alterations of MMP8 can be used as a prognostic factor by examination of the tumor and serum/plasma. We conclude, that MMP8 has differing effects on cancers depending on their tissue of origin. The use of MMP8 as a prognostic factor alone, or with other factors, seems to have potential. The molecular mechanisms of MMP8 in cancer further emphasize its role as an important regulator of bioactive molecules.
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng J, Yang Q, Shi K, Xiao Y, Wei X, Qian Z. Intratumoral fate of functional nanoparticles in response to microenvironment factor: Implications on cancer diagnosis and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:37-67. [PMID: 31276708 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary growth and progression of tumor require enormous nutrient and energy. Unregulated behaviors of cancer cell progressing and persistently change of tumor microenvironment (TME) which acts as the soil for cancer growth and metastasis are the ubiquitous features. The tumor microenvironment exhibits some unique features which differ with the normal tissues. While the nanoparticles get through the blood vessel leakage, they encounter immediately and interact directly with these microenvironment factors. These factors may inhibit the diffusion of nanoparticles from penetrating through the tumor, or induce the dissociation of nanoparticles. Different nanoparticles encountered with different intratumoral microenvironment factors end up in different way. Therefore, in this review, we first briefly introduced the formations, distributions, features of some intratumoral microenvironment, and their effects on the tumor progression. They include extracellular matrix (ECM), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), acidic/hypoxia environment, redox environment, and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). We then exemplified how these factors interact with nanoparticles and emphasized the potentials and challenges of nanoparticle-based strategies facing in enhancing intratumoral penetration and tumor microenvironment remodeling. We hope to give a simple understanding of the interaction between these microenvironment factors and the nanoparticles, thus, favors the designing and constructing of more ideal functional nanoparticles.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gaur K, Vázquez-Salgado A, Duran-Camacho G, Dominguez-Martinez I, Benjamín-Rivera J, Fernández-Vega L, Carmona Sarabia L, Cruz García A, Pérez-Deliz F, Méndez Román J, Vega-Cartagena M, Loza-Rosas S, Rodriguez Acevedo X, Tinoco A. Iron and Copper Intracellular Chelation as an Anticancer Drug Strategy. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics6040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A very promising direction in the development of anticancer drugs is inhibiting the molecular pathways that keep cancer cells alive and able to metastasize. Copper and iron are two essential metals that play significant roles in the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and several chelators have been studied to suppress the bioavailability of these metals in the cells. This review discusses the major contributions that Cu and Fe play in the progression and spreading of cancer and evaluates select Cu and Fe chelators that demonstrate great promise as anticancer drugs. Efforts to improve the cellular delivery, efficacy, and tumor responsiveness of these chelators are also presented including a transmetallation strategy for dual targeting of Cu and Fe. To elucidate the effectiveness and specificity of Cu and Fe chelators for treating cancer, analytical tools are described for measuring Cu and Fe levels and for tracking the metals in cells, tissue, and the body.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gaur K, Vázquez-Salgado AM, Duran-Camacho G, Dominguez-Martinez I, Benjamín-Rivera JA, Fernández-Vega L, Sarabia LC, García AC, Pérez-Deliz F, Méndez Román JA, Vega-Cartagena M, Loza-Rosas SA, Acevedo XR, Tinoco AD. Iron and Copper Intracellular Chelation as an Anticancer Drug Strategy. INORGANICS 2018; 6:126. [PMID: 33912613 PMCID: PMC8078164 DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A very promising direction in the development of anticancer drugs is inhibiting the molecular pathways that keep cancer cells alive and able to metastasize. Copper and iron are two essential metals that play significant roles in the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and several chelators have been studied to suppress the bioavailability of these metals in the cells. This review discusses the major contributions that Cu and Fe play in the progression and spreading of cancer and evaluates select Cu and Fe chelators that demonstrate great promise as anticancer drugs. Efforts to improve the cellular delivery, efficacy, and tumor responsiveness of these chelators are also presented including a transmetallation strategy for dual targeting of Cu and Fe. To elucidate the effectiveness and specificity of Cu and Fe chelators for treating cancer, analytical tools are described for measuring Cu and Fe levels and for tracking the metals in cells, tissue, and the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Geraldo Duran-Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Josué A Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Lauren Fernández-Vega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Lesly Carmona Sarabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Angelys Cruz García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Felipe Pérez-Deliz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - José A Méndez Román
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Melissa Vega-Cartagena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | - Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Arthur D Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, PR 00931, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hung YW, Tsai CW, Wu CN, Shih LC, Chen YY, Liu YF, Hung HS, Shen MY, Chang WS, Bau DAT. The Contribution of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Promoter Polymorphism to Oral Cancer Susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:585-590. [PMID: 28652424 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of multifunctional proteins reported to be overexpressed in several types of cancers. However, the contribution of MMP8 genotype to oral cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we focused on the contribution of polymorphisms in the promoter region of MMP-8 (C-799T) and two non-synonymous polymorphisms (Val436Ala and Lys460Thr) to Taiwanese oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, MMP-8 genotype, was examined among 788 patients with oral cancer and 956 gender- and age-matched healthy controls regarding its potential to determine oral cancer risk. RESULTS The distributions of MMP-8 C-799T, Val436Ala and Lys460Thr genotypes were not different between the oral cancer and non-cancer control groups. We also analyzed the allelic frequency distributions and no significant difference was found. As for gene-environment interaction analysis, there was an increased risk for smokers, alcohol drinkers or betel quid chewers with variant MMP-8 C-799T or Val436Ala genotypes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the polymorphisms at MMP-8 C-799T or Val436Ala may not play a major role in mediating personal risk of oral cancer; however, the detailed mechanisms require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Hung
- Department of Medicine Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Liang-Chun Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yen-Fang Liu
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - DA-Tian Bau
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malcherczyk D, Heyse TJ, El-Zayat BF, Kunzke V, Moll R, Fuchs-Winkelmann S, Paletta JRJ. Expression of MMP-9 decreases metastatic potential of Chondrosarcoma: an immunohistochemical study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:9. [PMID: 29316907 PMCID: PMC5761152 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor. Because of their heterogeneity, with differences in invasive and metastatic behavior, it is important to identify biological markers that will allow for a more accurate estimation of prognosis in patients with these tumors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a crucial role in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The mechanism of tumor progression dependent of MMPs is complex and influences malignant transformation, angiogenesis and tumor growth at the primary and metastatic sites. The purpose of this study was to investigate immunohistochemicaly the influence of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression on prognostic parameter in chondrosarcoma. Methods We investigated tissue samples of 28 patients with chondrosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13 was performed. Subsequently, the expression level was correlated with metastatic potential, histological grading and overall survival in patients with this neoplasm. Results In consideration of semi quantitative scoring 64% of chondrosarcoma were scored as positive for MMP-1, 46% for MMP-3, 61% for MMP-9. The specimens had shown no expression of MMP-13. High expression of MMP-9 was associated with better histological differentiation, decreased metastatic potential and favourable overall survival. No correlation was found for expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 or MMP-13. Conclusions MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 are expressed in chondrosarcoma. Our findings suggest that the expression of MMP-9 is associated with clinical outcome parameters in chondrosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Malcherczyk
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Heyse
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bilal F El-Zayat
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Kunzke
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Moll
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuchs-Winkelmann
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen R J Paletta
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Åström P, Juurikka K, Hadler-Olsen ES, Svineng G, Cervigne NK, Coletta RD, Risteli J, Kauppila JH, Skarp S, Kuttner S, Oteiza A, Sutinen M, Salo T. The interplay of matrix metalloproteinase-8, transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C cooperatively contributes to the aggressiveness of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1007-1016. [PMID: 28772283 PMCID: PMC5625665 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has oncosuppressive properties in various cancers. We attempted to assess MMP-8 function in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). Methods: MMP-8 overexpressing OTSCC cells were used to study the effect of MMP-8 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and gene and protein expression. Moreover, MMP-8 functions were assessed in the orthotopic mouse tongue cancer model and by immunohistochemistry in patient samples. Results: MMP-8 reduced the invasion and migration of OTSCC cells and decreased the expression of MMP-1, cathepsin-K and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). VEGF-C was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in control cells, but not in MMP-8 overexpressing cells. In human OTSCC samples, low MMP-8 in combination with high VEGF-C was an independent predictor of poor cancer-specific survival. TGF-β1 treatment also restored the migration of MMP-8 overexpressing cells to the level of control cells. In mouse tongue cancer, MMP-8 did not inhibit metastasis, possibly because it was eliminated in the peripheral carcinoma cells. Conclusions: The suppressive effects of MMP-8 in OTSCC may be mediated through interference of TGF-β1 and VEGF-C function and altered proteinase expression. Together, low MMP-8 and high VEGF-C expression have strong independent prognostic value in OTSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pirjo Åström
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Krista Juurikka
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Elin S Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Gunbjørg Svineng
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Nilva K Cervigne
- Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiai (FMJ), Jundiai, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira 901, CEP 13414-018, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira 901, CEP 13414-018, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Juha Risteli
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu PO Box 5000, 90014, Finland.,Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Sini Skarp
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, PO Box 5000, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland
| | - Samuel Kuttner
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø 9038, Norway
| | - Ana Oteiza
- Medical Imaging Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø 9038, Norway
| | - Meeri Sutinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, Oulu 90014, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum, PO Box 63, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Musrati AA, Tervahartiala T, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Fteita D, Sorsa T, Uitto VJ, Gürsoy UK. Human neutrophil peptide-1 affects matrix metalloproteinase-2, -8 and -9 secretions of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 66:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
14
|
Reciprocal activation between MMP-8 and TGF-β1 stimulates EMT and malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:85-95. [PMID: 26872724 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of surgery in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited due to metastasis and recurrence, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that MMP-8 and TGF-β1 accumulate in highly invasive HCC cell lines and invasive HCC patient tissues. Upregulation of MMP-8 and TGF-β1 correlated with changes in cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypes and HCC migration and invasion. The expression of TGF-β1 was markedly restored by MMP-8 overexpression in TGF-β1-depleted HCC cells mainly via the activation of PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway. Similarly, the expression of MMP-8 was restored by TGF-β1 treatment in MMP-8-depleted HCC cells mainly through the activation of the same PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway. MMP-8 expression was significantly related to TGF-β1 expression in HCC patient tissues, and high expression of MMP-8 or TGF-β1 was significantly associated with TNM stage and HCC metastasis. Specifically, patients with high co-expression of MMP-8 and TGF-β1 had a shorter time-to-recurrence than those with low co-expression. Therefore, the reciprocal positive interplay between MMP-8 and TGF-β1 contributes to HCC invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT mainly through the PI3K/Akt/Rac1 pathway.
Collapse
|
15
|
Felix K, Gaida MM. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer -Active Players in Tumor Progression. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:302-13. [PMID: 26929737 PMCID: PMC4753159 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fibro-inflammatory microenvironment, consisting of activated pancreatic stellate cells, extracellular matrix proteins, and a variety of inflammatory cells, such as T cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which are found in nearly all cancers, including PDAC, often fail to eliminate the tumor, but conversely can promote its progression by altering the tumor microenvironment. Pancreatic cancer cells are able to attract polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) via tumor secreted chemokines and in human PDAC, PMN infiltrates can be observed in the vicinity of tumor cells and in the desmoplastic tumor stroma, which correlate with undifferentiated tumor growth and poor prognosis. The behavior of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in the tumor micromilieu is not yet understood at a mechanistic level. It has been shown that PMN have the potential to kill tumor cells, either directly or by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, but on the other side various adverse effects of PMN, such as promotion of aggressive tumor growth with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and increased metastatic potential, have been described. Recent therapeutic approaches for PDAC focus not only the tumor cell itself, but also elements of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the role of PMN and their derived products (e.g. cytokines, proteases) as a new vein for a therapeutic target should be critically evaluated in this context. This review summarizes the current understanding of the interplay between proteases of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and pancreatic tumor cells and elements of the desmoplastic stroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Felix
- 1. Department of General Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 110, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- 2. Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, INF 224, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Khamis ZI, Iczkowski KA, Man YG, Bou-Dargham MJ, Sang QXA. Evidence for a Proapoptotic Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-26 in Human Prostate Cancer Cells and Tissues. J Cancer 2016; 7:80-7. [PMID: 26722363 PMCID: PMC4679384 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play intricate roles in cancer progression; some promote invasion and angiogenesis while others suppress tumor growth. For example, human MMP-26/endometase/matrilysin-2 was reported to be either protective or pro-tumorigenic. Our previous reports suggested pro-invasion and anti-inflammation properties in prostate cancer. Here, we provide evidence for a protective role of MMP-26 in the prostate. MMP-26 expression levels in androgen-repressed human prostate cancer (ARCaP) cells, transfected with sense or anti-sense MMP-26 cDNA, are directly correlated with those of the pro-apoptotic marker Bax. Immunohistochemical staining of prostate cancer tissue samples shows similar protein expression patterns, correlating the expression levels of MMP-26 and Bax in benign, neoplastic, and invasive prostate cancer tissues. The MMP-26 protein levels were upregulated in high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and decreased during the course of disease progression. Further analysis using an indirect terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that many tumor cells expressing MMP-26 were undergoing apoptosis. This study showed that the high level of MMP-26 expression is positively correlated with the presence of apoptotic cells. This pro-apoptotic role of MMP-26 in human prostate cancer cells and tissues may enhance our understanding of the paradoxical roles of MMP-26 in tumor invasion and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa I Khamis
- 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- 2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- 3. The Research Laboratory and International Collaboration, Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Decock J, Hendrickx W, Thirkettle S, Gutiérrez-Fernández A, Robinson SD, Edwards DR. Pleiotropic functions of the tumor- and metastasis-suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-8 in mammary cancer in MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:38. [PMID: 25848906 PMCID: PMC4380014 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8; neutrophil collagenase) is an important regulator of innate immunity that has oncosuppressive actions in numerous tumor types. METHODS We have intercrossed Mmp8-null mice with the Polyoma virus middle T oncogene-driven (MMTV-PyMT) mouse model of mammary cancer to explore the effects of loss of MMP-8 on the incidence and progression of mammary carcinomas. RESULTS In this aggressive mouse model of breast cancer, loss of MMP-8 accelerated tumor onset even further, such that 90% of MMTV-PyMT; Mmp8-null female mice were tumor-bearing at the time of weaning. Throughout the 14 weeks of the model, tumor burden increased in homozygous Mmp8-null mice compared to Mmp8-wild-type and -heterozygote animals. Likewise, lung metastasis dramatically increased in the MMTV-PyMT; Mmp8-null mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that tumors in wild-type, Mmp8-heterozygotes and -null animals had similar vascular density at 8 weeks, but at 10 weeks Mmp8-wild-type tumors had a lower vascularity than their heterozygote and null counterparts. No differences in macrophage infiltration were apparent throughout primary tumor development, though at 10 weeks a drop in neutrophil infiltrates was observed in Mmp8-wild-type tumors. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, we tracked the expression of the entire Mmp and Timp gene families, observing a significant decrease in Mmp3 expression in Mmp8-null tumors compared to wild-type and heterozygotes throughout the time course of the model, which was confirmed at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insight into the suppressive action of MMP-8 on mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis, and indicate that the loss of MMP-8 likely has pleiotropic effects on innate immunity and angiogenesis that are reflected in changes in the protease web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Decock
- />School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
- />Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wouter Hendrickx
- />School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
- />Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sally Thirkettle
- />School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Fernández
- />Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, s/n, Oviedo, 33006 Spain
| | - Stephen D Robinson
- />School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- />School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
MicroRNAs in the Regulation of MMPs and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:625-45. [PMID: 24670365 PMCID: PMC4074795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are integral molecules in the regulation of numerous physiological cellular processes including cellular differentiation, proliferation, metabolism and apoptosis. Their function transcends normal physiology and extends into several pathological entities including cancer. The matrix metalloproteinases play pivotal roles, not only in tissue remodeling, but also in several physiological and pathological processes, including those supporting cancer progression. Additionally, the contribution of active MMPs in metastatic spread and the establishment of secondary metastasis, via the targeting of several substrates, are also well established. This review focuses on the important miRNAs that have been found to impact cancer progression and metastasis through direct and indirect interactions with the matrix metalloproteinases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Patil N, Ahmed Kabeer Rasheed S, Abba M, Hendrik Leupold J, Schwarzbach M, Allgayer H. A mechanistic study on the metastasis inducing function of FUS-CHOP fusion protein in liposarcoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2808-19. [PMID: 24285420 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The FUS-CHOP fusion protein has been found to be instrumental for specific oncogenic processes in liposarcoma, but its ability to induce metastasis and the underlying mechanisms by which this can be achieved remain unknown. To dissect its functional role in this context, we stably overexpressed this protein in SW872 liposarcoma and HT1080 fibrosarcoma cell lines, and were able to demonstrate that forced expression of FUS-CHOP significantly increases migration and invasion, as well as enhances lung and liver metastasis in the in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, that is proliferation independent. Additionally, FUS-CHOP enhances the expression of matrix-metalloproteinases -2 and -9, and transactivates their promoters in vitro. Mutational analysis showed that C/EBP-β- (-769/-755), NF-κB (-525/-516) and CREB/AP-1 (-218/-207) sites were important for MMP-2 and NF-κB (-604/-598), AP-1 (-539/-532) and AP-1 (-81/-72) for MMP-9 transactivation. Moreover, a direct in vivo interaction of FUS-CHOP was observed in case of the MMP-2 promoter within region (-769/-207). siRNA data revealed that MMP-2 expression is essential in the FUS-CHOP induced metastatic phenotype. MMP-2-mRNA and protein expression correlated significantly with FUS-CHOP positivity in 46 resected patient liposarcoma tissues. We have for the first time provided substantial evidence for the FUS-CHOP oncoprotein as an inducer of metastasis that is due to the transcriptional induction of specific tumor-associated proteases. Insights gained from this study not only support a deeper understanding of the mechanistic properties of FUS-CHOP, but also open up new avenues for targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Patil
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ramanujum R, Lin YL, Liu JK, He S. Regulatory expression of MMP-8/MMP-9 and inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion in human lung cancer A549 cells in the presence of HGF variants. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2013; 29:530-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
21
|
Decock J, Roghi C, Edwards DR. Matrix metalloproteinases: a dual role in breast cancer? BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.13.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Decock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Christian Roghi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Juncker-Jensen A, Deryugina EI, Rimann I, Zajac E, Kupriyanova TA, Engelholm LH, Quigley JP. Tumor MMP-1 activates endothelial PAR1 to facilitate vascular intravasation and metastatic dissemination. Cancer Res 2013; 73:4196-211. [PMID: 23687338 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intravasation, the active entry of primary tumor cells into the vasculature, remains the least studied step in the metastatic cascade. Protease-mediated escape and stromal invasion of tumor cells represent widely accepted processes leading up to the intravasation step. However, molecular factors that contribute directly to tumor cell vascular penetration have not been identified. In this study, the in vivo role of the collagenolytic protease, MMP-1, in cancer cell intravasation and metastasis was analyzed by using a highly disseminating variant of human HEp3 epidermoid carcinoma, HEp3-hi/diss. Although naturally acquired or experimentally induced MMP-1 deficiency substantially suppressed HEp3-hi/diss intravasation, supplementation of recombinant MMP-1 to MMP-1-silenced primary tumors restored their impaired vascular dissemination. Surprisingly, abrogation of MMP-1 production and activity did not significantly affect HEp3-hi/diss migration or matrix invasion, suggesting noncollagenolytic mechanisms underlying MMP-1-dependent cell intravasation. In support of such noncollagenolytic mechanisms, MMP-1 silencing in HEp3-hi/diss cells modulated the microarchitecture and integrity of the angiogenic vasculature in a novel microtumor model. Concomitantly, MMP-1 deficiency led to decreased levels of intratumoral vascular permeability, tumor cell intravasation, and metastatic dissemination. Taking advantage of PAR1 deficiency of HEp3-hi/diss cells, we further show that endothelial PAR1 is a putative nontumor-cell/nonmatrix target, activation of which by carcinoma-produced MMP-1 regulates endothelial permeability and transendothelial migration. The inhibitory effects of specific PAR1 antagonists in live animals have also indicated that the mechanisms of MMP-1-dependent vascular permeability in tumors involve endothelial PAR1 activation. Together, our findings mechanistically underscore the contribution of a tumor MMP-1/endothelial PAR1 axis to actual intravasation events manifested by aggressive carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Juncker-Jensen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Thirkettle S, Decock J, Arnold H, Pennington CJ, Jaworski DM, Edwards DR. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (collagenase 2) induces the expression of interleukins 6 and 8 in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16282-16294. [PMID: 23632023 PMCID: PMC3675567 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.464230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) is a tumor-suppressive protease that cleaves numerous substrates, including matrix proteins and chemokines. In particular, MMP-8 proteolytically activates IL-8 and, thereby, regulates neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo. We explored the effects of expression of either a WT or catalytically inactive (E198A) mutant version of MMP-8 in human breast cancer cell lines. Analysis of serum-free conditioned media from three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-231) expressing WT MMP-8 revealed elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8. This increase was mirrored at the mRNA level and was dependent on MMP-8 catalytic activity. However, sustained expression of WT MMP-8 by breast cancer cells was non-permissive for long-term growth, as shown by reduced colony formation compared with cells expressing either control vector or E198A mutant MMP-8. In long-term culture of transfected MDA-MB-231 cells, expression of WT but not E198A mutant MMP-8 was lost, with IL-6 and IL-8 levels returning to base line. Rare clonal isolates of MDA-MB-231 cells expressing WT MMP-8 were generated, and these showed constitutively high levels of IL-6 and IL-8, although production of the interleukins was no longer dependent upon MMP-8 activity. These studies support a causal connection between MMP-8 activity and the IL-6/IL-8 network, with an acute response to MMP-8 involving induction of the proinflammatory mediators, which may in part serve to compensate for the deleterious effects of MMP-8 on breast cancer cell growth. This axis may be relevant to the recognized ability of MMP-8 to orchestrate the innate immune system in inflammation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Thirkettle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Decock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Arnold
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Pennington
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Diane M Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vihinen P, Ala-Aho R, Kähäri VM. Diagnostic and prognostic role of matrix metalloproteases in cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:1025-39. [PMID: 23495924 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.9.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are key players in the progression and metastasis of cancer. MMPs cleave extracellular matrix components and in this way promote tumor growth, invasion and vascularization. MMPs also affect tumor progression by regulating availability and activity of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Accordingly, several MMPs have been found to serve as prognostic indicators in solid tumors. Usually the increased levels of MMPs in patients' tumor tissue or serum/plasma are associated with poor outcome. Interestingly, recent results show that certain MMPs also serve as tumor suppressors. OBJECTIVE This review discusses the latest view on MMPs as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in cancer patients. METHODS Studies with clinical samples of 70 or more patients are included in particular. In addition, the possible roles of MMPs in future molecular diagnostics and in the evaluation of therapeutic responses are discussed. CONCLUSION MMP-9 in particular has shown prognostic value in various types of tumor, and its measurement in circulation, urine or tumor tissue might help in clinical surveillance of otherwise problematic patient cases. There is upcoming new knowledge on MMPs in therapy response evaluation, in which MMPs might be useful together with CT scans and other clinically more established prognostic factors. Certain MMPs have a dual role in terms of cancer-modulating properties and thus it is essential to evaluate their expression and function in tumor cells and host environment to select validated therapy targets but spare MMP antitargets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Vihinen
- Turku University Hospital, Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, POB 52, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland +358 2 313 0804 ; +358 2 313 2809 ;
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Inappropriate gene expression in human cancer and its far-reaching biological and clinical significance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:21-39. [PMID: 22138779 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a broad overview of the field of inappropriate gene expression in many organisms across the animal and plant kingdoms as well as its importance to human disease in general and cancer in particular. Study of the topic is especially important for understanding how the chaotic maelstrom of evolving and cascading regulatory genetic interactions in an advancing cancer produces its clinical effects and for designing pragmatic solutions to how such disorder might eventually be tamed. It is emphasized that the topic warrants much more attention in research and in clinical practice because of the added value it brings to refining cancer diagnosis and treatment and to the assessment of prognostic markers. It is also particularly relevant to understanding the etiology and extensive clinical manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes affecting multiple organs remote from the tumor and the treatment or amelioration of the substantial morbidity that they cause in cancer patients. More broadly, inappropriate expression can be caused by a number of mechanisms including mutations, rearrangements of the genome, and viral insertions and, under prolonged selection pressures, also has the potential to be an agent of evolutionary change.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kulić A, Dedić Plavetić N, Vrbanec J, Sirotković-Skerlev M. Low serum MMP-1 in breast cancer: a negative prognostic factor? Biomarkers 2012; 17:416-21. [PMID: 22515421 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.678885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the prognostic significance of serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 levels in early-stage breast cancer patients and correlated these levels with various clinicopathologic parameters. MMP-1 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. MMP-1 serum levels in patients (n = 60) were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (n = 20, p < 0.0001). We found significant negative correlation between serum levels of MMP-1 and several negative prognostic factors of breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly shorter 5-year survival in patients with lower values of MMP-1 compared to those with high levels of MMP-1 (p = 0.0147). Our results suggest a negative prognostic role of low serum MMP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kulić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University Hospital Center Zagreb and Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
|
28
|
Decock J, Thirkettle S, Wagstaff L, Edwards DR. Matrix metalloproteinases: protective roles in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:1254-65. [PMID: 21418514 PMCID: PMC4373327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The original notion that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) act as tumour and metastasis-promoting enzymes by clearing a path for tumour cells to invade and metastasize has been challenged in the last decade. It has become clear that MMPs are involved in numerous steps of tumour progression and metastasis, and hence are now considered to be multifaceted proteases. Moreover, more recent experimental evidence indicates that some members of the MMP family behave as tumour-suppressor enzymes and should therefore be regarded as anti-targets in cancer therapy. The complexity of the pro- and anti-tumorigenic and -metastatic functions might partly explain why broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors failed in phase III clinical trials. This review will provide a focussed overview of the published data on the tumour-suppressive behaviour of MMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Decock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Smith E, Breznik J, Lichty BD. Strategies to enhance viral penetration of solid tumors. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:1053-60. [PMID: 21443415 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficient delivery of viral vectors to tumors is an active area of investigation. A number of barriers exist that must be overcome to achieve good penetration of vectors into tumors and distribution of their effects throughout the tumor mass. Replicating oncolytic viruses have the advantage of being able to amplify the initial dose, but progeny virus are prevented from spreading because of a dense mass of tightly packed cells with a dense extracellular matrix, admixed normal stromal cells, and high interstitial pressure. Although intratumoral injection may ensure initial delivery the distribution achieved by intravenous administration may be superior and come with beneficial bystander damage to the tumor vasculature. Strategies to enhance intravenous delivery and subsequent spread of these vectors within tumors are being developed by a number of groups. Achieving the goal of efficient penetration and spread of viruses within solid tumors is a necessary prerequisite to significant improvements in virus-vectored therapy of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elspeth Smith
- Centre for Gene Therapeutics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Korpi JT, Hagström J, Lehtonen N, Parkkinen J, Sorsa T, Salo T, Laitinen M. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -8, -13, -26, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 in human osteosarcoma. Surg Oncol 2010; 20:e18-22. [PMID: 20880700 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is among most common malignant tumour of bone. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are predominantly associated with poor prognosis of several cancers, although some of them, like MMP-8, seem to have a protective role in some cancers. We analyzed the distribution patterns of MMP-2, -8, -13, -26, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in 25 OS patients. MMP-2, -8, -13, -26 and TIMP-1 were mostly detected in sarcoma cells. Response to chemotherapy affected the amount of MMP-2, -8, and -13 in resection sections when compared to biopsies: patients with excellent or good response had less positivity to MMP-2 in chemotherapy samples than those with moderate or poor response. We conclude that MMP-2, -8, -13, -26, and TIMP-1 are expressed in OS tissue, and all, except protective MMP-8, were also found in metastases indicating that MMPs and TIMP-1 can participate in the OS progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko T Korpi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Y, Ma B, Fan Q. Mechanisms of breast cancer bone metastasis. Cancer Lett 2010; 292:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
32
|
Montel V, Suzuki M, Galloy C, Mose ES, Tarin D. Expression of melanocyte-related genes in human breast cancer and its implications. Differentiation 2009; 78:283-91. [PMID: 19699574 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the expression of melanocyte-related genes (MRG) in freshly resected, histopathologically confirmed, human breast cancer specimens and describe experiments illuminating similar observations on a variety of breast cancer cell lines including MDA-MB-435. This finding has implications for research on breast cancer, for clinical investigation of cancer patients presenting with metastases from occult primary tumors and for understanding aberrant differentiation in cancer cells. For example, higher expression of six MRG correlated inversely with propensity for metastatic spread in clones isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435. Comparisons of MRG expression in cells growing in vitro with those seen in tumors generated by the same lines in vivo showed that the levels of activity of these genes are influenced by the surrounding environment. Also, silencing of expression of the melanocyte-related transcription factor MITF, by transduction of the non-metastatic clone NM2C5 with a construct expressing a specific anti-MITF shRNA, resulted in decreased production of 5 of the melanocyte-related proteins including TYRP1, Pmel 17, MART 1(Melan-A) and TYRP2, but no increase in metastatic capability. Hence MRG expression reproducibly ear-marked, but did not cause, metastatic incompetence. We also report cytogenetic and other data that conflict with the recent suggestion that MDA-MB-435 is of melanocytic origin and are more consistent with its original designation as being of mammary lineage. We conclude that detection of MRG expression profiles in freshly excised breast cancers and in cultured breast cancer cells reflects the operationally important clinical phenomenon of inappropriate gene expression in malignant neoplasms. Concomitantly, we suggest that the evidence we have obtained (i) collectively supports the continued widespread use of the MDA-MB-435 cell line in breast cancer and metastasis research and (ii) advances knowledge of the diversity of aberrant differentiation programs in malignant cells, which is valuable for making accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions in clinical oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Montel
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Juncker-Jensen A, Rømer J, Pennington CJ, Lund LR, Almholt K. Spontaneous metastasis in matrix metalloproteinase 3-deficient mice. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:618-25. [PMID: 19058297 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been linked to the metastatic potential of tumor cells due to their ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) is upregulated in a wide variety of human tumors. We used the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model to determine if MMP-3 is involved in tumorigenesis and metastatic growth. In this model the stromal expression of MMP-3 mRNA resembles the predominant MMP-3 expression pattern observed in human ductal breast carcinomas. We studied a cohort of 63 PyMT transgenic mice, either deficient for MMP-3 or wild-type controls. The degree of metastasis did not differ significantly between the two groups of mice, although the median lung metastasis volume was more than threefold increased in MMTV-PyMT mice deficient in MMP-3. Likewise, primary tumor growth rate and lymph node metastasis were not significantly affected by MMP-3-deficiency. By comparing mRNA levels in MMP-3-deficient PyMT tumors with PyMT wild-type tumors we excluded compensatory transcriptional changes of other MMPs or their specific inhibitors. Thus, we conclude that genetic ablation of MMP-3 does not significantly affect tumor growth and metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Juncker-Jensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goodison S, Urquidi V. Breast tumor metastasis: analysis via proteomic profiling. Expert Rev Proteomics 2008; 5:457-67. [PMID: 18532913 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.3.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict the metastatic behavior of a patient's cancer, as well as to detect and eradicate such recurrences, remain major clinical challenges in oncology. While many potential molecular biomarkers have been identified and tested previously, none have greatly improved the accuracy of specimen evaluation over routine histopathological criteria and, to date, they predict individual outcomes poorly. The ongoing development of high-throughput proteomic profiling technologies is opening new avenues for the investigation of cancer and, through application in tissue-based studies and animal models, will facilitate the identification of molecular signatures that are associated with breast tumor cell phenotype. The appropriate use of these approaches has the potential to provide efficient biomarkers, and to improve our knowledge of tumor biology. This, in turn, will enable the development of targeted therapeutics aimed at ameliorating the lethal dissemination of breast cancer. In this review, we focus on the accumulating proteomic signatures of breast tumor progression, particularly those that correlate with the occurrence of distant metastases, and discuss some of the expected future developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Goodison
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, 653 West 8th Street, Jacksonville, FL 32209, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 is associated with ulceration and vascular invasion of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 2008; 18:268-73. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e3283090031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Drug development against metastasis-related genes and their pathways: a rationale for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1786:87-104. [PMID: 18692117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the majority of cancer related deaths is caused by metastatic diseases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of therapeutic intervention specifically targeted to the metastatic process. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in this research field, and many new concepts have emerged that shed light on the molecular mechanism of metastasis cascade which is often portrayed as a succession of six distinct steps; localized invasion, intravasation, translocation, extravasation, micrometastasis and colonization. Successful metastasis is dependent on the balance and complex interplay of both the metastasis promoters and suppressors in each step. Therefore, the basic strategy of our interventions is aimed at either blocking the promoters or potentiating the suppressors in this disease process. Toward this goal, various kinds of antibodies and small molecules have been designed. These include agents that block the ligand-recepter interaction of metastasis promoters (HGF/c-Met), antagonize the metastasis-promoting enzymes (AMF, uPA and MMP) and inhibit the transcriptional activity of metastasis promoter (beta-Catenin). On the other hand, the intriguing roles of metastasis suppressors and their signal pathways have been extensively studied and various attempts have been made to potentiate these factors. Small molecules have been developed to restore the expression or mimic the function of metastasis-suppressor genes such as NM23, E-cadherin, Kiss-1, MKK4 and NDRG1, and some of them are under clinical trials. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular pathway of tumor metastasis and discusses strategies and recent development of anti-metastatic drugs.
Collapse
|
37
|
Decock J, Long JR, Laxton RC, Shu XO, Hodgkinson C, Hendrickx W, Pearce EG, Gao YT, Pereira AC, Paridaens R, Zheng W, Ye S. Association of MMP8 gene variation with breast cancer prognosis. Breast Cancer Res 2008. [PMCID: PMC3300735 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
38
|
Richardson DR, Kalinowski DS, Lau S, Jansson PJ, Lovejoy DB. Cancer cell iron metabolism and the development of potent iron chelators as anti-tumour agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1790:702-17. [PMID: 18485918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer contributes to 50% of deaths worldwide and new anti-tumour therapeutics with novel mechanisms of actions are essential to develop. Metabolic inhibitors represent an important class of anti-tumour agents and for many years, agents targeting the nutrient folate were developed for the treatment of cancer. This is because of the critical need of this factor for DNA synthesis. Similarly to folate, Fe is an essential cellular nutrient that is critical for DNA synthesis. However, in contrast to folate, there has been limited effort applied to specifically design and develop Fe chelators for the treatment of cancer. Recently, investigations have led to the generation of novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone (DpT) and 2-benzoylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (BpT) group of ligands that demonstrate marked and selective anti-tumour activity in vitro and also in vivo against a wide spectrum of tumours. Indeed, administration of these compounds to mice did not induce whole body Fe-depletion or disturbances in haematological or biochemical indices due to the very low doses required. The mechanism of action of these ligands includes alterations in expression of molecules involved in cell cycle control and metastasis suppression, as well as the generation of redox-active Fe complexes. This review examines the alterations in Fe metabolism in tumour cells and the systematic development of novel aroylhydrazone and thiosemicarbazone Fe chelators for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Blackburn Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Decock J, Hendrickx W, Vanleeuw U, Van Belle V, Van Huffel S, Christiaens MR, Ye S, Paridaens R. Plasma MMP1 and MMP8 expression in breast cancer: protective role of MMP8 against lymph node metastasis. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:77. [PMID: 18366705 PMCID: PMC2278147 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinases have been found to associate with poor prognosis in various carcinomas. This study aimed at evaluating plasma levels of MMP1, MMP8 and MMP13 as diagnostic and prognostic markers of breast cancer. METHODS A total of 208 breast cancer patients, of which 21 with inflammatory breast cancer, and 42 healthy controls were included. Plasma MMP1, MMP8 and MMP13 levels were measured using ELISA and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS Median plasma MMP1 levels were higher in controls than in breast cancer patients (3.45 vs. 2.01 ng/ml), while no difference was found for MMP8 (10.74 vs. 10.49 ng/ml). ROC analysis for MMP1 revealed an AUC of 0.67, sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 24% at a cut-off value of 4.24 ng/ml. Plasma MMP13 expression could not be detected. No correlation was found between MMP1 and MMP8 levels. We found a trend of lower MMP1 levels with increasing tumour size (p = 0.07); and higher MMP8 levels with premenopausal status (p = 0.06) and NPI (p = 0.04). The median plasma MMP1 (p = 0.02) and MMP8 (p = 0.007) levels in the non-inflammatory breast cancer patients were almost twice as high as those found in the inflammatory breast cancer patients. Intriguingly, plasma MMP8 levels were positively associated with lymph node involvement but showed a negative correlation with the risk of distant metastasis. Both controls and lymph node negative patients (pN0) had lower MMP8 levels than patients with moderate lymph node involvement (pN1, pN2) (p = 0.001); and showed a trend for higher MMP8 levels compared to patients with extensive lymph node involvement (pN3) and a strong predisposition to distant metastasis (p = 0.11). Based on the hypothesis that blood and tissue protein levels are in reverse association, these results suggest that MMP8 in the tumour may have a protective effect against lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION In summary, we observed differences in MMP1 and MMP8 plasma levels between healthy controls and breast cancer patients as well as between breast cancer patients. Interestingly, our results suggest that MMP8 may affect the metastatic behaviour of breast cancer cells through protection against lymph node metastasis, underlining the importance of anti-target identification in drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Decock
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (LEO), K,U,Leuven, Campus University Hospital Gasthuisberg, O&N1 bus 815, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Korpi JT, Kervinen V, Mäklin H, Väänänen A, Lahtinen M, Läärä E, Ristimäki A, Thomas G, Ylipalosaari M, Aström P, Lopez-Otin C, Sorsa T, Kantola S, Pirilä E, Salo T. Collagenase-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-8) plays a protective role in tongue cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:766-75. [PMID: 18253113 PMCID: PMC2259187 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is the most common cancer in the oral cavity and has a high mortality rate. A total of 90 mobile tongue SCC samples were analysed for Bryne's malignancy scores, microvascular density, and thickness of the SCC sections. In addition, the staining pattern of cyclooxygenase-2, αvβ6 integrin, the laminin-5 γ2-chain, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2, -7, -8, -9, -20, and -28 were analysed. The expression of MMP-8 (collagenase-2) was positively associated with improved survival of the patients and the tendency was particularly prominent in females. No sufficient evidence for a correlation with the clinical outcome was found for any other immunohistological marker. To test the protective role of MMP-8 in tongue carcinogenesis, MMP-8 knockout mice were used. MMP-8 deficient female mice developed tongue SCCs at a significantly higher incidence than wild-type mice exposed to carcinogen 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide. Consistently, oestrogen-induced MMP-8 expression in cultured HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells, and MMP-8 cleaved oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β. According to these data, we propose that, contrary to the role of most proteases produced by human carcinomas, MMP-8 has a protective, probably oestrogen-related role in the growth of mobile tongue SCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Korpi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of extracellular proteinases have long been associated with cancer invasion and metastasis by virtue of their ability to collectively degrade all components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The general belief that overexpression of a specific MMP, either by tumor cells or the surrounding stroma, is pro-tumorigenic led to the development of synthetic MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. However, there is an increasing amount of literature demonstrating that the expression of certain MMPs, either at the primary or the metastatic site, provides a beneficial and protective effect in multiple stages of cancer progression. Here, we review the evidence for protective effects of MMPs and contrast this with pro-tumorigenic effects of either the same enzyme, or a different MMP of the same family. These studies highlight the importance of targeting specific MMPs for cancer treatment, and point to a potential reason why clinical trials of pharmaceutical inhibitors for MMPs were disappointing. In order to effectively target MMPs in cancer progression, a better understanding of both their pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Martin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 771 Preston Research Building, 23rd and Pierce Avenues, Nashville, TN 37232-6840, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Decock J, Paridaens R, Ye S. Genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases in lung, breast and colorectal cancer. Clin Genet 2007; 73:197-211. [PMID: 18177467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can degrade various components of the extracellular matrix and are implicated in the development and progression of cancer. There is evidence suggesting an association of MMP gene polymorphisms with cancer susceptibility and/or metastasis. This paper reviews the findings on several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the collagenase, stromelysin and gelatinase genes in lung cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Decock
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, K. U. Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Urquidi V, Goodison S. Genomic signatures of breast cancer metastasis. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:116-29. [PMID: 18000362 DOI: 10.1159/000108292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of primary cancer, the ability to predict the metastatic behavior of a patient's cancer, as well as to detect and eradicate such recurrences, remain major clinical challenges in oncology. While many potential molecular biomarkers have been identified and tested previously, none have greatly improved the accuracy of specimen evaluation over routine histopathological criteria and they predict individual outcomes poorly. However, the recent introduction of high-throughput microarray technology has opened new avenues in genomic investigation of cancer, and through application in tissue-based studies and appropriate animal models, has facilitated the identification of gene expression signatures that are associated with the lethal progression of breast cancer. The use of these approaches has the potential to greatly impact our knowledge of tumor biology, to provide efficient biomarkers, and enable development towards customized prognostication and therapies for the individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Urquidi
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Decock J, Long JR, Laxton RC, Shu XO, Hodgkinson C, Hendrickx W, Pearce EG, Gao YT, Pereira AC, Paridaens R, Zheng W, Ye S. Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Gene Variation with Breast Cancer Prognosis. Cancer Res 2007; 67:10214-21. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
45
|
Partridge JJ, Madsen MA, Ardi VC, Papagiannakopoulos T, Kupriyanova TA, Quigley JP, Deryugina EI. Functional analysis of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases differentially expressed by variants of human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma exhibiting high and low levels of intravasation and metastasis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:35964-77. [PMID: 17895241 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705993200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor-derived matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) in cancer cell dissemination was analyzed by employing two variants of human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma, HT-hi/diss and HT-lo/diss, which differ by 50-100-fold in their ability to intravasate and metastasize in the chick embryo. HT-hi/diss and HT-lo/diss were compared by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot analyses for mRNA and protein expression of nine MMPs (MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -10, -13, and -14) and three TIMPs (TIMP-1, -2, and -3) in cultured cells in vitro and in primary tumors in vivo. MMP-1 and MMP-9 were more abundant in the HT-hi/diss variant, both in cultures and in tumors, whereas the HT-lo/diss variant consistently expressed higher levels of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 increased intravasation of HT-lo/diss cells. Coordinately, treatment of the developing HT-hi/diss tumors with recombinant TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 significantly reduced HT-hi/diss cell intravasation. However, a substantial increase of HT-hi/diss dissemination was observed upon small interfering RNA-mediated down-regulation of three secreted MMPs, including the interstitial collagenase MMP-1 and the two gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, but not the membrane-tethered MMP-14. The addition of recombinant pro-MMP-9 protein to the HT-hi/diss tumors reversed the increased intravasation of HT-hi/diss cells, in which MMP-9 was stably down-regulated by short hairpin RNA interference. This rescue did not occur if the pro-MMP-9 was stoichiometrically complexed with TIMP-1, pointing to a direct role of the MMP-9 enzyme in regulation of HT-hi/diss intravasation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that tumor-derived MMPs may have protective functions in cancer cell intravasation, i.e. not promoting but rather catalytically interfering with the early stages of cancer dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juneth J Partridge
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cheng J, Sauthoff H, Huang Y, Kutler DI, Bajwa S, Rom WN, Hay JG. Human matrix metalloproteinase-8 gene delivery increases the oncolytic activity of a replicating adenovirus. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1982-90. [PMID: 17653103 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of replicating adenoviruses for cancer therapy is limited by inefficient virus delivery and poor distribution within the tumor mass. Stromal matrix within the tumor may hinder the free cell-to-cell spread of the virus. In this study, in vitro cell culture experiments showed that collagen I blocked the passage of an adenoviral vector through a membrane. On the basis of reports of the effective collagen I-degrading activity of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), we constructed an adenovirus to express the MMP-8 transgene (AdMMP8). A549 cells infected in vitro with AdMMP8 did not show altered growth but were able to modify a fibrillar collagen substrate to allow viral diffusion. Further, AdMMP8 did not affect replication of the wild-type virus (Adwt300). Established human A549 lung cancer and BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer xenograft tumors that were injected with Adwt300 together with the non-replicating AdMMP8 virus showed significantly reduced growth compared with control tumors. Histochemical analysis showed reduced amounts of collagen within necrotic areas of MMP-8-injected tumors compared with controls. These results demonstrate that intra-tumoral expression of MMP-8 is a possible strategy for improving viral spread and improving the oncolytic activity of replicating adenovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Functions of individual matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) differentially expressed by tumor cells and stromal cells, are finely regulated by their spatial as well as temporal interactions with distinct cellular and extracellular components of the tumor microenvironment and also distant pre-metastatic sites. Certain aspects of MMP involvement in tumor metastasis such as tumor-induced angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and establishment of metastatic foci at the secondary site, have received extensive attention that resulted in an overwhelming amount of experimental and observational data in favor of critical roles of MMPs in these processes. In particular, dependency of tumor angiogenesis on the activity of MMPs, especially that of MMP-9, renders this step possibly the most effective target of synthetic MMP inhibitors. MMP functioning in other stages of metastasis, including the escape of individual tumor cells from the primary tumor, their intravasation, survival in circulation, and extravasation at the secondary site, have not yet received enough consideration, resulting in insufficient or controversial data. The major pieces of evidence that are most compelling and clearly determine the role and involvement of MMPs in the metastatic cascade are provided by molecular genetic studies employing knock-out or transgenic animals and tumor cell lines, modified to overexpress or downregulate a specific MMP. Findings from all of these studies implicate different functional mechanisms for both tumor and stromal MMPs during distinct steps of the metastatic cascade and indicate that MMPs can exhibit pro-metastatic as well as anti-metastatic roles depending on their nature and the experimental setting. This dual function of individual MMPs in metastasis has become a major focus of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Deryugina
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Salo T, Sorsa T, Lindqvist C. Inhibition of gelatinase activity by cyclic peptides--A support for oral cancer treatment? Oral Oncol 2006; 42:955-6. [PMID: 16725368 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
49
|
Sorsa T, Tjäderhane L, Konttinen YT, Lauhio A, Salo T, Lee HM, Golub LM, Brown DL, Mäntylä P. Matrix metalloproteinases: contribution to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal inflammation. Ann Med 2006; 38:306-21. [PMID: 16938801 DOI: 10.1080/07853890600800103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) form a family of enzymes that mediate multiple functions both in the tissue destruction and immune responses related to periodontal inflammation. The expression and activity of MMPs in non-inflamed periodontium is low but is drastically enhanced to pathologically elevated levels due to the dental plaque and infection-induced periodontal inflammation. Soft and hard tissue destruction during periodontitis and peri-implantitis are thought to reflect a cascade of events involving bacterial virulence factors/enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and MMPs. However, recent studies suggest that MMPs can also exert anti-inflammatory effects in defence of the host by processing anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as by regulating apoptotic and immune responses. MMP-inhibitor (MMPI)-drugs, such as doxycycline, can be used as adjunctive medication to augment both the scaling and root planing-treatment of periodontitis locally and to reduce inflammation systematically. Furthermore, MMPs present in oral fluids (gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), mouth-rinses and saliva) can be utilized to develop new non-invasive, chair/bed-side, point-of-care diagnostics for periodontitis and dental peri-implantitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Goodison S, Yuan J, Sloan D, Kim R, Li C, Popescu NC, Urquidi V. The RhoGAP protein DLC-1 functions as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:6042-53. [PMID: 16024604 PMCID: PMC1360170 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of molecular signatures characteristic of tumor cells that are capable of metastatic spread is required for the development of therapeutic interventions to abrogate this lethal process. To facilitate this, we have previously characterized an experimental system in which the role of candidate metastasis-related genes can be screened and tested. Monoclonal cell lines M4A4 and NM2C5 are spontaneously occurring sublines of the MDA-MB-435 cell breast tumor cell line that exhibit phenotypic differences in growth, invasion, and metastatic efficiency in athymic mice. In this study, transcriptional profiles of these cell lines were created using oligonucleotide microarrays representing over 12,000 genes. Intensity modeling and hierarchical clustering analysis identified a 171-gene expression signature that correlated with metastatic phenotype and highlighted several GTPase signaling components. Restoration of one of these GTPases, deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1), in metastatic M4A4 cells to levels observed in the nonmetastatic NM2C5 cell line resulted in the inhibition of migration and invasion in vitro and a significant reduction in the ability of these cells to form pulmonary metastases in athymic mice. These studies show the utility of expression profiling, in an appropriate experimental system, to identify genetic determinants of metastatic sufficiency. The finding that DLC-1 can act as a metastasis-suppressor gene supports an influential role for GTPase signaling in tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Goodison
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida Health Science Center, Shands Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida 32209-6511, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|