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Takeuchi E, Ogino H, Kondo K, Okano Y, Ichihara S, Kunishige M, Kadota N, Machida H, Hatakeyama N, Naruse K, Nokihara H, Shinohara T, Nishioka Y. An increased relative eosinophil count as a predictive dynamic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:248-257. [PMID: 38087769 PMCID: PMC10803223 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased relative eosinophil count (REC) has potential as a predictive biomarker for a beneficial clinical response and outcome to cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of an increased posttreatment REC on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all 151 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and treated with ICI monotherapy and blood test data between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University. RESULTS A total of 151 patients with a mean age of 69 years were included. REC after 4 weeks of initial ICI monotherapy was higher than pretreatment REC in 87 patients but not in 64. REC after 4 weeks of the ICI treatment with and without an increased REC were 4.4 and 1.8%, respectively (p < 0.001). Disease control rates (DCR) were significantly higher in patients with than in those without an increased REC (84% vs. 47%, p < 0.001). The median overall survival (OS) of lung cancer patients with or without an increased REC were 674 and 234 days, respectively. A Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis revealed a significant difference in OS between the two groups (p < 0.001). A Cox proportional regression analysis identified an increased REC as an independent predictor of OS (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION ICI-treated NSCLC patients with an increased REC after 4 weeks of treatment had a better DCR and prognosis than the other patients examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical InvestigationNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Kensuke Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yoshio Okano
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Seiya Ichihara
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Michihiro Kunishige
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Naoki Kadota
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Hisanori Machida
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Nobuo Hatakeyama
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Keishi Naruse
- Department of PathologyNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nokihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Community Medicine for RespirologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and RheumatologyGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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Takeuchi E, Kondo K, Okano Y, Ichihara S, Kunishige M, Kadota N, Machida H, Hatakeyama N, Naruse K, Ogino H, Nokihara H, Shinohara T, Nishioka Y. Pretreatment eosinophil counts as a predictive biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:3042-3050. [PMID: 37669914 PMCID: PMC10599974 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peripheral blood eosinophil count prior to treatment has potential as a predictive biomarker for a beneficial clinical response to cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of the eosinophil count on overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with NSCLC and treated with ICI monotherapy between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University. RESULTS A total of 166 patients were included. Fifty-five patients had an eosinophil count of less than 100 cells/μL (Eo < 100). Nighty-eight patients had an eosinophil count of 100 cells/μL or more, but less than 500 cells/μL (100 ≤ Eo < 500). Thirteen patients had an eosinophil count of 500 cells/μL or more (Eo ≥500). The median OS of all lung cancer patients was 476 days. The median OS of lung cancer patients with Eo <100, 100 ≤ Eo <500, and Eo ≥500 was 339, 667, and 143 days, respectively. A Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis showed a significant difference in OS between these three groups (p < 0.001). A Cox proportional regression analysis identified 100 ≤ Eo <500 (p = 0.04), ECOG PS score ≥ 2 (p = 0.02), tumor size ≥5 cm (p = 0.02), and PD-L1 ≥ 1% (p = 0.01) as independent predictors of OS. CONCLUSION OS was significantly longer in ICI-treated NSCLC patients with a pretreatment eosinophil count of 100 ≤ Eo <500 than in the other patients and, thus, has potential as a new predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical InvestigationNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Kensuke Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yoshio Okano
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Seiya Ichihara
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Michihiro Kunishige
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Naoki Kadota
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Hisanori Machida
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Nobuo Hatakeyama
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Keishi Naruse
- Department of PathologyNational Hospital Organization Kochi HospitalKochiJapan
| | - Hirokazu Ogino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Nokihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesTokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
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Preliminary Assessment of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) in Canine Mast Cell Tumors: Prevalence and Prognostic Relevance and Its Association with Neoangiogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020283. [PMID: 36670824 PMCID: PMC9855198 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs. In order to gain more information on the prognostic markers in MCT, the role of the eosinophil granulocytes infiltrates was investigated and assessed by the evaluation of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in 87 canine cutaneous MCTs. In human medicine, high TATE are often described in highly angiogenic tumors: we therefore assessed the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in neoplastic mast cells. TATE and VEGF expression were compared between themselves, with histological grading, immunohistochemical expression of KIT and Ki-67, and with the recurrence. We found a statistically significant correlation between TATE and Patnaik grading (p = 0.041), Kiupel grading (p = 0.022), immunohistochemical KIT expression (p = 0.015), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.000). No associations were observed with Ki-67 and VEGF expression. This is the first evaluation of TATE and its prognostic value in canine MCTs in veterinary oncology. This study suggest that this investigation could be an important source of information for this tumor and for other neoplasms.
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Artham S, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Eosinophilia in cancer and its regulation by sex hormones. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:5-20. [PMID: 36443206 PMCID: PMC10122120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gender differences in the functionality of the immune system have been attributed, in part, to direct and indirect effects of sex steroids, especially estrogens, on immune cell repertoire and activity. Notable are studies that have defined roles for estrogens in the regulation of the biology of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Although estrogens can modulate eosinophil function, the mechanisms by which this occurs and how it contributes to the pathobiology of different diseases remains underexplored. Furthermore, although the importance of eosinophils in infection is well established, it remains unclear as to how these innate immune cells, which are present in different tumors, impact the biology of cancer cells and/or response to therapeutics. The observation that eosinophilia influences the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) is significant considering the role of estrogens as regulators of eosinophil function and recent studies suggesting that response to ICBs is impacted by gender. Thus, in this review, we consider what is known about the roles of estrogen(s) in regulating tissue eosinophilia/eosinophil function and how this influences the pathobiology of breast cancer (in particular). This information provides the context for a discussion of how estrogens/the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling axis can be targeted in eosinophils and how this would be expected to influence the activity of standard-of-care interventions and contemporary immunotherapy regimens in cancer(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Artham
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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5
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Tao Z, Zhu H, Zhang J, Huang Z, Xiang Z, Hong T. Recent advances of eosinophils and its correlated diseases. Front Public Health 2022; 10:954721. [PMID: 35958837 PMCID: PMC9357997 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.954721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are differentiated by bone marrow multipotent progenitor cells and are further released into peripheral blood after maturation. Human eosinophils can exhibit unique multi-leaf nuclear morphology, which are filled with cytoplasmic granules that contain cytotoxicity and immune regulatory proteins. In recent years, many studies focused on the origin, differentiation and development process of eosinophils. It has been discovered that the eosinophils have the regulatory functions of innate and adaptive immunity, and can also function in several diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, malignant tumors and so on. Hence, the role and effects of eosinophils in various diseases are emphasized. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the development and differentiation process of eosinophils, the research progress of their related cytokines, diseases and current clinical treatment options, and discussed the potential drug target, aiming to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of eosinophil-related diseases, especially respiratory diseases. To conclude, the guiding significance of future disease treatment is proposed based on the recent updated understandings into the cell functions of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Tao
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Yancheng Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
- School of Medicine, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, Southeast University, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiateng Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ze Xiang
| | - Tu Hong
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Chu Kochen Honors College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tu Hong
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6
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Song Q, Yang Y, Jiang D, Qin Z, Xu C, Wang H, Huang J, Chen L, Luo R, Zhang X, Huang Y, Xu L, Yu Z, Tan S, Deng M, Xue R, Qie J, Li K, Yin Y, Yue X, Sun X, Su J, He F, Ding C, Hou Y. Proteomic analysis reveals key differences between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas across multiple tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4167. [PMID: 35851595 PMCID: PMC9293992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) are two main histological subtypes of solid cancer; however, SCCs are derived from different organs with similar morphologies, and it is challenging to distinguish the origin of metastatic SCCs. Here we report a deep proteomic analysis of 333 SCCs of 17 organs and 69 ACs of 7 organs. Proteomic comparison between SCCs and ACs identifies distinguishable pivotal pathways and molecules in those pathways play consistent adverse or opposite prognostic roles in ACs and SCCs. A comparison between common and rare SCCs highlights lipid metabolism may reinforce the malignancy of rare SCCs. Proteomic clusters reveal anatomical features, and kinase-transcription factor networks indicate differential SCC characteristics, while immune subtyping reveals diverse tumor microenvironments across and within diagnoses and identified potential druggable targets. Furthermore, tumor-specific proteins provide candidates with differentially diagnostic values. This proteomics architecture represents a public resource for researchers seeking a better understanding of SCCs and ACs. Squamous cell carcinomas are an aggressive cancer type which can occur in multiple organ systems. Here, the authors analyse the proteome of SCC cancers from 17 organs and show commonly dysregulated proteins independent of location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxian Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Subei Tan
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minying Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruqun Xue
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingbo Qie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Yin
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetong Yue
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Jieakesu Su
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
| | - Chen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis, (111 Project), College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China. .,Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Lim SJ. CCL24 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1302:91-98. [PMID: 34286443 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62658-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines with their network play an important role in cancer growth, metastasis, and host-tumor interactions. Of many chemokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis as well as inflammatory diseases like asthma, allergies, and eosinophilic esophagitis. CCL24 is expressed in some tumor cells such as colon cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cutaneous T cell lymphoma. CCL24 can be used as a potential biomarker in several cancers including colon cancer, non-small cell cancer, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma as the plasma level of CCL24 is increased. The various functions of CCL24 contribute to the biology of cancer by M2 macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, invasion and migration, and recruitment of eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jig Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea.
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8
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Takeuchi E, Okano Y, Machida H, Atagi K, Kondou Y, Kadota N, Hatakeyama N, Naruse K, Shinohara T. Eosinophilic pleural effusion due to lung cancer has a better prognosis than non-eosinophilic malignant pleural effusion. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:365-372. [PMID: 34170380 PMCID: PMC8783892 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective Tumor-related eosinophilia may have extended survival benefits for some cancer patients. However, there has been no report on the prognosis difference between eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) and non-EPE in lung cancer patients. Our study aimed to investigate the prognosis difference between EPE and non-EPE due to lung cancer. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with lung cancer who presented with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) between May 2007 and September 2020 at the National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital. EPE is defined as pleural fluid with a nucleated cell count containing 10% or more eosinophils. Results A total of 152 patients were included: 89 were male (59%). The median age was 74.4 years (range 37–101), and all patients were pathologically shown to have MPE. Most patients (140; 92%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) of 0/1. Twenty patients had EPE. The median overall survival (OS) of all 152 lung cancer patients with MPE was 298 days. The median OS of the patients with EPE was 766 days, and the median OS of the patients with non-EPE was 252 days. Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis showed that lung cancer patients with EPE had a significantly better prognosis than patients with non-EPE (P < 0.05). Cox proportional regression analysis showed that EPE, ECOG PS, sex, and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the serum (sNLR) may be independent prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with MPE. Conclusion Lung cancer patients with EPE have a better prognosis than those with non-EPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Investigation, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Yoshio Okano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Hisanori Machida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Atagi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kondou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Naoki Kadota
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Nobuo Hatakeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Keishi Naruse
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, 1-2-25 Asakuranishimachi, Kochi-city, Kochi 780-8507 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shinohara
- Department of Community Medicine for Respirology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
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Nishikawa D, Suzuki H, Beppu S, Terada H, Sawabe M, Kadowaki S, Sone M, Hanai N. Eosinophil prognostic scores for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:339-346. [PMID: 33078505 PMCID: PMC7780035 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nivolumab, a programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor, is a standard therapy for platinum‐refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), no definitive biomarkers have been reported thus far. This study aimed to select promising prognostic markers in nivolumab therapy and to create a novel prognostic scoring system. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed patients with R/M HNSCC who were treated with nivolumab from April 2017 to April 2019. We developed a prognostic score for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy that was weighed using hazard ratio–based scoring algorithms. Significant variables were selected from the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses on overall survival (OS). A total of 85 patients with HNSCC were analyzed in the present study. The relative eosinophil count (REC), the ratio of eosinophil increase (REI), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) were selected as variables affecting the prognostic score. The patients were divided into four groups: very good (score = 0), good (score = 1), intermediate (score = 2), and poor (score = 3). The OS hazard ratios were 2.77, 10.18, and 33.21 for the good, intermediate, and poor risk groups compared with the very good risk group, respectively. The Eosinophil Prognostic Score is a novel prognostic score that is effective for predicting the prognosis of HNSCC patients treated with nivolumab. This score is more precise as it includes changes in biomarkers before and after the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nishikawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shintaro Beppu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hoshino Terada
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michi Sawabe
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kadowaki
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Michihiko Sone
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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Hu G, Wang S, Zhong K, Xu F, Huang L, Chen W, Cheng P. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia predicts favorable clinical outcome in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:454. [PMID: 32434481 PMCID: PMC7240929 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated eosinophils have been deemed to affect carcinogenesis and tumor progression via various mechanisms in tumor microenvironment. However, the prognostic role of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in human cancers remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to better comprehend the association between TATE and clinical outcomes of patients. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase and EBSCO to determine the researches assessing the association between TATE and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with cancer, then combined relevant data into hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratio (OR) for OS, DFS and clinicopathological features including lymph node metastasis etc. with STATA 12.0. Results Twenty six researches with 6384 patients were included in this meta-analysis. We found that the presence of TATE was significantly associated with improved OS, but not with DFS in all types of cancers. In stratified analyses based on cancer types, pooled results manifested that the infiltration of eosinophils was remarkably associated with better OS in esophageal carcinoma and colorectal cancer. In addition, TATE significantly inversely correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage and lymphatic invasion of cancer. Conclusion TATE promotes survival in cancer patients, suggesting that it is a valuable prognostic biomarker and clinical application of biological response modifiers or agonists promoting TATE may be the novel therapeutic strategy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Kefang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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11
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Hosseini SH, Sharafkandi N, Seyfizadeh N, Hemmatzadeh M, Marofi F, Shomali N, Karimi M, Mohammadi H. Progression or suppression: Two sides of the innate lymphoid cells in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2739-2755. [PMID: 31680296 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as key players in innate immunity have been shown to be significantly associated with inflammation, lymphoid neogenesis, tissue remodeling, mucosal immunity and lately have been considered a remarkable nominee for either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting functions. This dual role of ILCs, which is driven by intrinsic and extrinsic factors like plasticity of ILCs and the tumor microenvironment, respectively, has aroused interest in ILCs subsets in past decade. So far, numerous studies in the cancer field have revealed ILCs to be key players in the initiation, progression and inhibition of tumors, therefore providing valuable insights into therapeutic approaches to utilize the immune system against cancer. Herein, the most recent achievements regarding ILCs subsets including new classifications, their transcription factors, markers, cytokine release and mechanisms that led to either progression or inhibition of many tumors have been evaluated. Additionally, the available data regarding ILCs in most prevalent cancers and new therapeutic approaches are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haleh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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12
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Popov H, Donev IS, Ghenev P. Quantitative Analysis of Tumor-associated Tissue Eosinophilia in Recurring Bladder Cancer. Cureus 2018; 10:e3279. [PMID: 30443450 PMCID: PMC6235629 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The relatively high incidence of recurrence of bladder cancer is a serious problem in clinical practice. At present, there are no objective microscopic criteria for evaluation of the tendency for local relapse. Besides the phenotypic properties of the tumor parenchymal cells, possible signs in regard to recurrence could also be derived from the peculiarities of the tumor stroma. The stromal reaction, manifested by inflammatory infiltration in the tumor is considered to influence the biological behavior of tumors. Also, a relationship has been reported between the number of eosinophils and the survival of patients. The aim of the present study is to analyze tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) and to compare TATE density in the initial foci of age and gender-matched 156 cases of recurrent and non-recurrent bladder cancers; the tumors that have relapsed within six months after removal and contained statistically significant greater numbers of eosinophils in primary cancer sites. These results suggest that TATE may be one of the probable prognostic signs for local relapse of urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo Popov
- General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Medical University, Varna, BGR
| | - Ivan S Donev
- Clinic of Oncology, St. Marina University Hospital Varna, Varna, BGR
| | - Peter Ghenev
- General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Deontology, Faculty of Medicine, Varna, BGR
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13
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Wei Y, Zhang X, Wang G, Zhou Y, Luo M, Wang S, Hong C. The impacts of pretreatment circulating eosinophils and basophils on prognosis of stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ colorectal cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532611 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effects of circulating eosinophils and basophils on cancer survival are unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the impacts of eosinophils and basophils on prognosis of stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS From February 2003 to March 2013, 569 stage I-III CRC patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. The associations between pretreatment circulating eosinophils, basophils and CRC overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) were investigated. Moreover, the prognostic value of combined eosinophils/basophils and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR)/platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was investigated. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier methods showed the associations of eosinophils < 0.095 × 109 /L and shorter OS (P < 0.0001), eosinophils < 0.055 × 109 /L and shorter DFS (P < 0.0001), basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L and shorter OS (P = 0.001), basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L and shorter DFS (P = 0.005). Cox regression model showed that eosinophils < 0.095 × 109 /L (hazard ratio [HR], 1.723; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.177-2.523) and basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L (HR, 1.714; 95% CI = 1.152-2.548) were independent prognostic factors for OS, and eosinophils < 0.055 × 109 /L (HR, 2.309; 95% CI = 1.587-3.361) and basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L (HR, 1.397; 95% CI = 1.003-1.945) were independent prognostic factors for DFS, respectively. The combined eosinophil-PLR (HR, 2.611; 95% CI = 1.328-5.130) and basophil-PLR (HR, 2.520; 95% CI = 1.240-5.123) were the independent prognostic factors for OS. The combined eosinophil-NLR (HR, 2.770; 95% CI = 1.528-5.019) and eosinophil-PLR (HR, 4.788; 95% CI = 2.458-9.329) were the independent prognostic factors for DFS. CONCLUSION Pretreatment circulating eosinophils < 0.095 × 109 /L/0.055 × 109 /L and circulating basophils < 0.015 × 109 /L have significant impacts on prognosis of stage I-III CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minrui Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuyuan Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Ibrahim U, Asti D, Saqib A, Mudduluru BM, Ayaz S, Odaimi M. Eosinophilia as the presenting sign in pancreatic cancer: an extremely rare occurrence. Postgrad Med 2016; 129:399-401. [PMID: 27718779 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2017.1246345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed following work up for eosinophilia is reported. A 68-year-old female was referred to our Hematology clinic for an absolute eosinophil count of 1869 per microliter. No allergic signs or symptoms were reported. Laboratory studies for parasitic infestations autoimmune disease and collagen vascular disease were negative. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a mass in the neck of the pancreas with fine needle aspiration biopsy consistent with adenocarcinoma. The patient received one cycle of modified FOLFIRINOX with complete resolution of the eosinophilia. There are rare case reports of tumor-associated blood eosinophilia in solid malignancies. The finding may be indicative of rapid disease progression and poor prognosis. Our case is the third in published English literature with eosinophilia being the initial finding in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uroosa Ibrahim
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , Staten Island University Hospital , Staten Island , NY , USA
| | - Divya Asti
- b Department of Medicine , Staten Island University Hospital , Staten Island , NY , USA
| | - Amina Saqib
- c Department of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine , Staten Island University Hospital , Staten Island , NY , USA
| | | | - Sadaf Ayaz
- b Department of Medicine , Staten Island University Hospital , Staten Island , NY , USA
| | - Marcel Odaimi
- a Department of Hematology/Oncology , Staten Island University Hospital , Staten Island , NY , USA
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16
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Carrega P, Campana S, Bonaccorsi I, Ferlazzo G. The Yin and Yang of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:29-35. [PMID: 27296768 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The recent appreciation of novel subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as important regulators of tissue homeostasis, inflammation and repair, raise questions regarding the presence and role of these cells in cancer tissues. In addition to natural killer and fetal lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, the ILC family comprises non-cytolytic, cytokine-producing cells that are classified into ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 based on phenotypic and functional characteristics. Differently from natural killer cells, which are the prototypical members of ILC1 and whose role in tumors is better established, the involvement of other ILC subsets in cancer progression or resistance is still fuzzy and in several instances controversial, since current studies indicate both context-dependent beneficial or pathogenic effects. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of these novel ILC subsets in the context of tumor immunology, highlighting how ILC subsets might behave either as friends or foes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Carrega
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy; Cell Factory UniMe, University of Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, University of Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, University of Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Cell Factory UniMe, University of Messina, 98125, Italy; Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, University of Messina, 98125, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina 98125, Italy.
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17
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Ibahim MJ, Yang Y, Crosbie JC, Stevenson A, Cann L, Paiva P, Rogers PA. Eosinophil-Associated Gene Pathways but not Eosinophil Numbers are Differentially Regulated between Synchrotron Microbeam Radiation Treatment and Synchrotron Broad-Beam Treatment by 48 Hours Postirradiation. Radiat Res 2015; 185:60-8. [PMID: 26720800 DOI: 10.1667/rr14115.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron microbeam radiation treatment (MRT) is a preclinical radiotherapy technique with considerable clinical promise, although some of the underlying radiobiology of MRT is still not well understood. In recently reported studies, it has been suggested that MRT elicits a different tumor immune profile compared to broad-beam treatment (BB). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synchrotron MRT and BB on eosinophil-associated gene pathways and eosinophil numbers within and around the tumor in the acute stage, 48 h postirradiation. Balb/C mice were inoculated with EMT6.5 mouse mammary tumors and irradiated with microbeam radiation (112 and 560 Gy) and broad-beam radiation (5 and 9 Gy) at equivalent doses determined from a previous in vitro study. After tumors were collected 24 and 48 h postirradiation, RNA was extracted and quantitative PCR performed to assess eosinophil-associated gene expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect two known markers of eosinophils: eosinophil-associated ribonucleases (EARs) and eosinophil major basic protein (MBP). We identified five genes associated with eosinophil function and recruitment (Ear11, Ccl24, Ccl6, Ccl9 and Ccl11) and all of them, except Ccl11, were differentially regulated in synchrotron microbeam-irradiated tumors compared to broad-beam-irradiated tumors. However, immunohistochemical localization demonstrated no significant differences in the number of EAR- and MBP-positive eosinophils infiltrating the primary tumor after MRT compared to BB. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that the effects of MRT on eosinophil-related gene pathways are different from broad-beam radiation treatment at doses previously demonstrated to be equivalent in an in vitro study. However, a comparison of the microenvironments of tumors, which received MRT and BB, 48 h after exposure showed no difference between them with respect to eosinophil accumulation. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of differential effects of MRT on the tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ibahim
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;,b Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y Yang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - J C Crosbie
- c School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia;,d William Buckland Radiotherapy Centre, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - A Stevenson
- e The Imaging and Medical Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; and.,f CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - L Cann
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P Paiva
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P A Rogers
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Level 7, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Abstract
Eosinophils have long been known to infiltrate tumors, and in most cases, this is associated with an improved prognosis. However, the reasons behind this infiltration and the mechanism of action of the eosinophil have remained elusive. In this article, we explore the biology of eosinophils and examine their function in homeostasis and disease states, specifically focusing on what is currently known about the association of the eosinophil with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Davis
- Authors' Affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati, Ohio
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C-MET is expressed in the majority of penile squamous cell carcinomas and correlates with polysomy-7 but is not associated with MET oncogene amplification, pertinent histopathologic parameters, or with cancer-specific survival. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 209:215-20. [PMID: 23490239 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We assessed c-MET expression and oncogene amplification in a cohort enrolling 92 surgically treated penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCCs). A tissue microarray was constructed for c-MET immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic silver in situ hybridization (SISH). Two independent pathologists evaluated IHC by employing the breast cancer scoring rules, and scored the presence of MET oncogene amplification and/or polysomy-7. Eighty study cases (87%) showed c-MET expression. No study case had MET oncogene amplification, but 42 patients (45.7%) had polysomy-7. Polysomy-7 showed a significant positive correlation with c-MET expression (ρ=0.323, p=0.002). Neither c-MET expression nor polysomy-7 was associated with histopathologic parameters or with cancer-specific survival (median post-surgical follow-up 32 months). Our data suggest that the majority of PSCCs exhibit c-MET expression which is not associated with oncogene amplification, but might be attributable to polysomy-7. Further studies should investigate the expression and activation of downstream molecules functionally involved in c-MET pathway signaling, and clarify the so far unresolved role of c-MET inhibitors as potential targeted therapies in PSCCs with metastatic dissemination.
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Gatault S, Legrand F, Delbeke M, Loiseau S, Capron M. Involvement of eosinophils in the anti-tumor response. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1527-34. [PMID: 22706380 PMCID: PMC11029779 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils have long been associated with allergy and parasitic infections. Today, they are considered as multifunctional leukocytes, which participate both in innate and adaptive immune response though the expression of various receptors and mediators. Although the tumor-associated eosinophilia is observed for a long time in many hematological and solid malignancies, with a generally good prognosis value, there is a lack of knowledge on the different mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. Moreover, the recent discovery in human eosinophils of different receptors and mediators, shared with lymphocytes and involved in anti-tumor defense, suggests that eosinophils can play a role in anti-tumoral immunity. We review in the present paper the current knowledge on epidemiology, recruitment, and mechanisms involved in the response of eosinophils toward tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Gatault
- U995 Inserm- Université Lille 2 Faculté de Médecine Pôle Recherche, 59800 Lille, France.
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21
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p16
INK4a
is a Marker of Good Prognosis for Primary Invasive Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multi-Institutional Study. J Urol 2012; 187:899-907. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.10.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The development of this malignant glial lesion involves a multi-faceted process that results in a loss of genetic or epigenetic gene control, un-regulated cell growth, and immune tolerance. Of interest, atopic diseases are characterized by a lack of immune tolerance and are inversely associated with glioma risk. One cell type that is an established effector cell in the pathobiology of atopic disease is the eosinophil. In response to various stimuli, the eosinophil is able to produce cytotoxic granules, neuromediators, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as pro-fibrotic and angiogenic factors involved in pathogen clearance and tissue remodeling and repair. These various biological properties reveal that the eosinophil is a key immunoregulatory cell capable of influencing the activity of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Of central importance to this report is the observation that eosinophil migration to the brain occurs in response to traumatic brain injury and following certain immunotherapeutic treatments for GBM. Although eosinophils have been identified in various central nervous system pathologies, and are known to operate in wound/repair and tumorstatic models, the potential roles of eosinophils in GBM development and the tumor immunological response are only beginning to be recognized and are therefore the subject of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J Bertics
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Oliveira DT, Biassi TP, Faustino SES, Carvalho AL, Landman G, Kowalski LP. Eosinophils may predict occult lymph node metastasis in early oral cancer. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:1523-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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The role of pathologic prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. World J Urol 2008; 27:169-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-008-0315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Costello R, O'Callaghan T, Sébahoun G. Éosinophiles et réponse antitumorale. Rev Med Interne 2005; 26:479-84. [PMID: 15908052 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2005.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 02/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune response probably plays a role in the tumour control. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response is antigen-specific and requires previous encounter with the antigen to develop an efficient immune response. Regarding the innate immunity, natural killer (NK) cells can destroy neoplastic cells lacking HLA class I molecules. In addition to these effector cells, eosinophils are granulocytes usually involved in allergic diseases or response to parasitic infections. Many types of cancer, however, are associated with eosinophilia, either in the tumour itself and/or in peripheral blood. We will focus our attention on the putative involvement of eosinophils in the antitumour response. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS Recent studies on the relationship between tumour and eosinophils have mainly focused on the << tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia >> (TATE), which seems to be more relevant than peripheral blood eosinophilia. Most studies show that TATE is a favourable prognostic marker, except in Hodgkin's disease, since eosinophils probably deliver in this case an antiapoptotic and proliferative signal for Reed-Sternberg cells via the release of soluble CD30L. FUTURE PROSPECTS AND PROJECTS The putative anti-tumour effect of eosinophils relies on their tight contact with tumour cells. As a consequence, future immunotherapy studies aiming at an anti-tumour eosinophilic reaction might attract and activate eosinophils within the tumour itself. This could be obtained via direct injection of cytokines (IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF...) at tumour site or by the use of expression vectors encoding for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Costello
- Département d'hématologie (Pr Gérard Sébahoun), hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrelly, 13915 Marseille cedex 20, France.
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Identification of Prognostic Pathologic Parameters in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis. AJSP-REVIEWS AND REPORTS 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/01.pcr.0000153239.13371.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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