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McWilliams RR, Wieben ED, Chaffee KG, Antwi SO, Raskin L, Olopade OI, Li D, Highsmith WE, Colon-Otero G, Khanna LG, Permuth JB, Olson JE, Frucht H, Genkinger J, Zheng W, Blot WJ, Wu L, Almada LL, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Sicotte H, Pedersen KS, Petersen GM. CDKN2A Germline Rare Coding Variants and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Minority Populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1364-1370. [PMID: 30038052 PMCID: PMC6214745 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathogenic germline mutations in the CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene are rare and associated with highly penetrant familial melanoma and pancreatic cancer in non-Hispanic whites (NHW). To date, the prevalence and impact of CDKN2A rare coding variants (RCV) in racial minority groups remain poorly characterized. We examined the role of CDKN2A RCVs on the risk of pancreatic cancer among minority subjects.Methods: We sequenced CDKN2A in 220 African American (AA) pancreatic cancer cases, 900 noncancer AA controls, and 183 Nigerian controls. RCV frequencies were determined for each group and compared with that of 1,537 NHW patients with pancreatic cancer. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for both a case-case comparison of RCV frequencies in AAs versus NHWs, and case-control comparison between AA cases versus noncancer AA controls plus Nigerian controls. Smaller sets of Hispanic and Native American cases and controls also were sequenced.Results: One novel missense RCV and one novel frameshift RCV were found among AA patients: 400G>A and 258_278del. RCV carrier status was associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer among AA cases (11/220; OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.5-7.1; P = 0.004) compared with AA and Nigerian controls (17/1,083). Further, AA cases had higher frequency of RCVs: 5.0% (OR, 13.4; 95% CI, 4.9-36.7; P < 0.001) compared with NHW cases (0.4%).Conclusions: CDKN2A RCVs are more common in AA than in NHW patients with pancreatic cancer and associated with moderately increased pancreatic cancer risk among AAs.Impact: RCVs in CDKN2A are frequent in AAs and are associated with risk for pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1364-70. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric D Wieben
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kari G Chaffee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Samuel O Antwi
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Leon Raskin
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - W Edward Highsmith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gerardo Colon-Otero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Lauren G Khanna
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer B Permuth
- Departments of Cancer Epidemiology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harold Frucht
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeanine Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lang Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Luciana L Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hugues Sicotte
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Silva LCRC, Barreto AÂM, Medrado HHS, Mota MD, de Freitas Santos Júnior A, David JM, de Lima David JP. Determination of Psoralens in Child Food (Soups and Baby Food) from Brazil by High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wolf P, Byrne SN, Limon-Flores AY, Hoefler G, Ullrich SE. Serotonin signalling is crucial in the induction of PUVA-induced systemic suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity but not local apoptosis or inflammation of the skin. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:537-43. [PMID: 26914366 PMCID: PMC4927393 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psoralen and UVA (PUVA) has immunosuppressive and proapoptotic effects, which are thought to be responsible alone or in combination for its therapeutic efficacy. However, the molecular mechanism by which PUVA mediates its effects is not well understood. Activation of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) pathway has been suggested to be involved in the modulation of T-cell responses and found to mediate UVB-induced immune suppression. In particular, the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor has been proposed as one mechanism responsible for UV-induced immune suppression. We therefore hypothesized that 5-HT may play a role in PUVA-induced effects. The model of systemic suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Candida albicans was used to study immune function after exposure of C3H and KIT(W) (-Sh/W-Sh) mice to a minimal inflammatory dose of topical PUVA. The intra-peritoneal injection of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin or cyproheptadine or an anti-5-HT antibody immediately before PUVA exposure entirely abrogated suppression of DTH but had no significant effect on inflammation, as measured by swelling and cellular infiltration of the skin, and apoptosis as determined by the number of sunburn cells in C3H mice. Importantly, the systemic injection of 5-HT recapitulated PUVA immune suppression of DTH but did not induce inflammation or apoptosis in the skin. KIT(W) (-Sh/W-Sh) mice (exhibiting myelopoietic abnormalities, including lack of 5-HT-containing mast cells) were resistant to PUVA-induced suppression of DTH but not local skin swelling. Thus, this points towards a crucial role of 5-HT signalling in PUVA-induced immune suppression but not inflammation or apoptosis in situ in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Scott N. Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, the Charles Perkins Centre at The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alberto Y. Limon-Flores
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, A-8036, Austria
| | - Stephen E. Ullrich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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Royds JA, Pilbrow AP, Ahn A, Morrin HR, Frampton C, Russell IA, Moravec CS, Sweet WE, Tang WHW, Currie MJ, Hung NA, Slatter TL. The rs11515 Polymorphism Is More Frequent and Associated With Aggressive Breast Tumors with Increased ANRIL and Decreased p16 (INK4a) Expression. Front Oncol 2016; 5:306. [PMID: 26835415 PMCID: PMC4720739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome position 9p21 encodes three-tumor suppressors p16INK4a, p14ARF, and p15INK4b and the long non-coding RNA ANRIL (antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus). The rs11515 single-nucleotide polymorphism in the p16INK4a/p14ARF 3′-untranslated region is associated with glioblastoma, melanoma, and other cancers. This study investigated the frequency and effect of rs11515 genotypes in breast cancer. Genomic DNA samples from 400 women (200 with and 200 without a diagnosis of breast cancer) were genotyped for the rs11515 major (C) and minor (G) alleles. The rs11515 polymorphism was also investigated in 108 heart tissues to test for tissue-specific effects. Four 9p21 transcripts, p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and ANRIL were measured in breast tumors and myocardium using quantitative PCR. Heterozygotes (CG genotype) were more frequent in women with breast cancer compared to the control population (P = 0.0039). In those with breast cancer, the CG genotype was associated with an older age (P = 0.016) and increased lymph node involvement (P = 0.007) compared to homozygotes for the major allele (CC genotype). In breast tumors, the CG genotype had higher ANRIL (P = 0.031) and lower p16INK4a (P = 0.006) expression compared to the CC genotype. The CG genotype was not associated with altered 9p21 transcripts in heart tissue. In breast cancer, the rs11515 CG genotype is more frequent and associated with a more aggressive tumor that could be due to increased ANRIL and reduced p16INK4a expression. The absence of association between rs11515 genotypes and 9p21 transcripts in heart tissue suggests this polymorphism has tissue- or disease-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Royds
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Anna P Pilbrow
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Antonio Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Helen R Morrin
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - I Alasdair Russell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Wendy E Sweet
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Margaret J Currie
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Noelyn A Hung
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Tania L Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Royds JA, Al Nadaf S, Wiles AK, Chen YJ, Ahn A, Shaw A, Bowie S, Lam F, Baguley BC, Braithwaite AW, MacFarlane MR, Hung NA, Slatter TL. The CDKN2A G500 allele is more frequent in GBM patients with no defined telomere maintenance mechanism tumors and is associated with poorer survival. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26737. [PMID: 22046342 PMCID: PMC3202568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognostic markers for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are important for patient management. Recent advances have identified prognostic markers for GBMs that use telomerase or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism for telomere maintenance. Approximately 40% of GBMs have no defined telomere maintenance mechanism (NDTMM), with a mixed survival for affected individuals. This study examined genetic variants in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) gene that encodes the p16INK4a and p14ARF tumor suppressors, and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene as potential markers of survival for 40 individuals with NDTMM GBMs (telomerase negative and ALT negative by standard assays), 50 individuals with telomerase, and 17 individuals with ALT positive tumors. The analysis of CDKN2A showed NDTMM GBMs had an increased minor allele frequency for the C500G (rs11515) polymorphism compared to those with telomerase and ALT positive GBMs (p = 0.002). Patients with the G500 allele had reduced survival that was independent of age, extent of surgery, and treatment. In the NDTMM group G500 allele carriers had increased loss of CDKN2A gene dosage compared to C500 homozygotes. An analysis of IDH1 mutations showed the R132H mutation was associated with ALT positive tumors, and was largely absent in NDTMM and telomerase positive tumors. In the ALT positive tumors cohort, IDH1 mutations were associated with a younger age for the affected individual. In conclusion, the G500 CDKN2A allele was associated with NDTMM GBMs from older individuals with poorer survival. Mutations in IDH1 were not associated with NDTMM GBMs, and instead were a marker for ALT positive tumors in younger individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice A. Royds
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shafagh Al Nadaf
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anna K. Wiles
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Antonio Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alisha Shaw
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sara Bowie
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruce C. Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antony W. Braithwaite
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Children's Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Noelyn A. Hung
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tania L. Slatter
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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Torchia EC, Caulin C, Acin S, Terzian T, Kubick BJ, Box NF, Roop DR. Myc, Aurora Kinase A, and mutant p53(R172H) co-operate in a mouse model of metastatic skin carcinoma. Oncogene 2011; 31:2680-90. [PMID: 21963848 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical observations, as well as data obtained from the analysis of genetically engineered mouse models, firmly established the gain-of-function (GOF) properties of certain p53 mutations. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. We have used two independent microarray platforms to perform a comprehensive and global analysis of tumors arising in a model of metastatic skin cancer progression, which compares the consequences of a GOF p53(R172H) mutant vs p53 deficiency. DNA profiling revealed a higher level of genomic instability in GOF vs loss-of-function (LOF) p53 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Moreover, GOF p53 SCCs showed preferential amplification of Myc with a corresponding increase in its expression and deregulation of Aurora Kinase A. Fluorescent in situ hybridization confirmed amplification of Myc in primary GOF p53 SCCs and its retention in metastatic tumors. We also identified by RNA profiling distinct gene expression profiles in GOF p53 tumors, which included enriched integrin and Rho signaling, independent of tumor stage. Thus, the progression of GOF p53 papillomas to carcinoma was marked by the acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastatic signatures. In contrast, LOF p53 tumors showed enrichment of genes associated with cancer proliferation and chromosomal instability. Collectively, these observations suggest that genomic instability has a prominent role in the early stages of GOF p53 tumor progression (that is, papillomas), whereas it is implicated at a later stage in LOF p53 tumors (that is, SCCs). This model will allow us to identify specific targets in mutant p53 SCCs, which may lead to the development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of metastatic SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Torchia
- Departmant of Dermatology and Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Pacifico A, Leone G. Photo(chemo)therapy for vitiligo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2011; 27:261-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gruber-Wackernagel A, Bambach I, Legat FJ, Hofer A, Byrne SN, Quehenberger F, Wolf P. Randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled intra-individual trial on topical treatment with a 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ analogue in polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:152-63. [PMID: 21428979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is a very frequent photodermatosis whose pathogenesis may involve resistance to ultraviolet (UV)-induced immune suppression. Similar to UV radiation, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃) and its analogues such as calcipotriol have been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive properties. OBJECTIVES We performed a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled intraindividual half-body trial (NCT00871052) to investigate the preventive effect of a calcipotriol-containing cream in PLE. METHODS Thirteen patients with PLE (10 women, three men; mean age 37 years) pretreated their skin on two symmetrically located test fields with calcipotriol or placebo cream twice daily for 7 days before the start of photoprovocation testing with solar-simulated UV radiation. We established a specific PLE test score [AA + SI + 0·4 P (range 0-12), where AA is affected area score (range 0-4), SI is skin infiltration score (range 0-4) and P is pruritus score on a visual analogue scale (range 0-10)] to quantify PLE severity. RESULTS Photoprovocation led to PLE lesions in 12/13 (92%) patients. As shown by the PLE test score, compared with placebo calcipotrial pretreatment significantly reduced PLE symptoms in average by 32% (95% confidence interval 21-44%; P = 0·0022, exact Wilcoxon signed-rank test) throughout the observation period starting at 48 h until 144 h after the first photoprovocation exposure. At 48, 72 and 144 h calcipotriol pretreatment resulted in a lower PLE test score in 7 (58%), 9 (75%) and 10 (83%) of the 12 cases, respectively. Considering all time points together, calcipotriol diminished the PLE test score in all 12 photoprovocable patients (P = 0·0005; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of topical 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ analogues as prophylactic treatment in patients with PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gruber-Wackernagel
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbrugger Platz 8, A-8036 Graz, Austria
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Singh TP, Huettner B, Koefeler H, Mayer G, Bambach I, Wallbrecht K, Schön MP, Wolf P. Platelet-activating factor blockade inhibits the T-helper type 17 cell pathway and suppresses psoriasis-like skin disease in K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:699-708. [PMID: 21281802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent biolipid mediator, is involved in a variety of cellular transduction pathways and plays a prominent role in inducing inflammation in different organs. We used K5.hTGF-β1 transgenic mice, which exhibit an inflammatory skin disorder and molecular and cytokine abnormalities with strong similarities to human psoriasis, to study the pathogenic role of PAF. We found that injecting PAF into the skin of transgenic mice led to inflammation and accelerated manifestation of the psoriatic phenotype by a local effect. In contrast, injecting mice with PAF receptor antagonist PCA-4248 lowered the PAF level (most likely by depressing an autocrine loop) and neutrophil, CD68(+) cell (monocyte/macrophage), and CD3(+) T-cell accumulation in the skin and blocked progression of the psoriasis-like phenotype. This effect of PAF blockade was specific and similar to that of psoralen-UV-A and was paralleled by a decrease in abnormally elevated mRNA and/or protein levels of T-helper type 17 cell-related cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-23, IL-12A, and IL-6 and its transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. In contrast, PCA-4248 treatment up-regulated mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and IL-10 in dorsal skin and release of IL-10 in serum and skin. Interfering with PAF may offer the opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory psoriasis and associated comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis, in which the IL-17 axis may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Pratap Singh
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Hofer A, Legat FJ, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Quehenberger F, Wolf P. Topical liposomal DNA-repair enzymes in polymorphic light eruption. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1118-28. [PMID: 21437317 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is a very frequent photodermatosis in Europe whose pathogenesis may involve resistance to UV-induced immune suppression and simultaneous immune reactions against skin photoneoantigens. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intra-individual half-body trial to investigate the protective effect of an after-sun (AS) lotion containing DNA-repair enzymes (photolyase from Anacystis nidulans and Micrococcus luteus extract with endonuclease activity). Fourteen PLE patients were exposed to suberythemal doses of solar-simulated UV radiation on 4 consecutive days at 4 symmetrically located PLE-prone test fields per patient. The test fields were treated with (i) active AS lotion or (ii) a placebo lotion immediately after each UV exposure, or (iii) an SPF30 sunscreen before UV exposure or left untreated. All test fields were exposed to photoactivating blue light 1 h after each UV exposure. As shown by a newly established specific PLE test score (AA + SI + 0.4P [range, 0-12], where AA is affected area score [range, 0-4], SI is skin infiltration score [range, 0-4], and P is pruritus score on a visual analogue scale [range, 0-10]), PLE symptoms were significantly fewer on test sites treated with active AS lotion than on untreated (P = 0.00049) or placebo-treated test sites (P = 0.024). At 144 h after first UV exposure (the time point of maximal PLE symptoms), the mean test scores for untreated, active AS lotion-treated, and placebo-treated test fields were 4.39, 1.73 (61% reduction; 95% confidence interval (CI), 36% to 85%), and 3.20 (27% reduction; 95% CI, 3% to 51%), respectively. Pretreatment with SPF30 sunscreen completely prevented PLE symptoms in all patients. The present results indicate that DNA damage may trigger PLE and that the application of topical liposomes containing DNA repair enzymes to increase DNA repair may effectively prevent PLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Hofer
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbrugger Platz 8, A-8036, Graz, Austria
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Toyooka T, Ishihama M, Ibuki Y. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX is a powerful tool for detecting chemical photogenotoxicity. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1313-21. [PMID: 21368771 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several light-absorbing chemicals are known to show phototoxic effects involving many kinds of DNA damage, and are suspected of initiating skin cancer. In this study, we clarified that phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) (phosphorylated histone H2AX), which was produced with the induction of DNA double-strand breaks, is a sensitive photogenotoxic marker. The immortal human keratinocyte line HaCaT was treated with a library of 11 chemicals (including known strong and weak phototoxic chemicals, and nonphototoxic chemicals) and/or UVA exposure. γ-H2AX was generated after treatments with all phototoxic chemicals and UVA. The limit of detection using γ-H2AX was 100-1,000 times lower than that using cell viability and DNA gel electrophoresis. γ-H2AX was not generated following treatments with nonphototoxic chemicals and UVA. These results indicated that γ-H2AX is a powerful tool for detecting chemical photogenotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsushi Toyooka
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Nindl
- DKFZ-Charité Cooperation, Viral Skin Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lassacher A, Heitzer E, Kerl H, Wolf P. p14ARF Hypermethylation Is Common but INK4a-ARF Locus or p53 Mutations Are Rare in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:1788-96. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nonmonoclonal PTCH Gene Mutations in Psoralen Plus UVA-Associated Basal Cell Carcinomas. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:746-9. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nindl I, Gottschling M, Krawtchenko N, Lehmann MD, Röwert-Huber J, Eberle J, Stockfleth E, Forschner T. Low prevalence of p53, p16(INK4a) and Ha-ras tumour-specific mutations in low-graded actinic keratosis. Br J Dermatol 2008; 156 Suppl 3:34-9. [PMID: 17488404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiation induces DNA damage and is the major risk factor for the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Different mutation rates of p53, p16(INK4a) and Ha-ras in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the earlier stage actinic keratosis (AK) have been reported. OBJECTIVES To assess the presence of missense mutations in hotspot exons of p53, p16(INK4a) and Ha-ras in low-graded AK. PATIENTS/METHODS Cryo-biopsies of 75 sun-exposed AK lesions and 75 sun-shielded areas of normal skin from 75 AK patients were analysed to identify mutations in p53 (exons 7 and 8), p16(INK4a) (exon 2) and Ha-ras (exon 1) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. As a representative subset of the specimens, ten mutation-negative AK were also micro-dissected in order to exclude the possibility that additional mutations were undetected. RESULTS Eight missense and one nonsense point mutations were found in the 75 AK lesions examined (12%), of which seven (9%) were tumour-specific (i.e. present in AK lesions only) and two (3%) were p16(INK4a) mutations (i.e. also detected in normal skin). Three of the tumour-specific mutations (42%) were cytosine (C) to thymine (T) transitions at pyrimidine-rich sequences. Tumour-specific mutations were identified in 1% of p16(INK4a) (exon 2), 1% of Ha-ras (exon 1) and at a higher rate of 7% in p53 (exons 7 and 8), including one nonsense mutation. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of a large number of AK specimens in this study have found a low gene mutation rate in low-graded AK lesions. p53 mutations rather than p16(INK4a) and/or Ha-ras mutations may be an early event in the development of AK to cutaneous SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nindl
- Department of Dermatology, Charité, Skin Cancer Center Charité, University Hospital of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Heitzer E, Lassacher A, Quehenberger F, Kerl H, Wolf P. UV fingerprints predominate in the PTCH mutation spectra of basal cell carcinomas independent of clinical phenotype. J Invest Dermatol 2007; 127:2872-81. [PMID: 17597822 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) shows a wide interpatient variation in lesion accrual. To determine whether certain tumorigenic fingerprints and potentially predisposing patched (PTCH) tumor suppressor single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are distributed differently among sporadic BCC patients, we compared the PTCH mutation spectra in early-onset BCC (first lesion at age < 35 years), regular BCC (first lesion at age > or = 35 years and < 10 lesions), and multiple BCC (> or = 10 lesions). The PTCH gene was mutated in 29 of 60 cases (48%). Most of the PTCH mutations bore the UV fingerprint (i.e., C --> T or tandem CC --> TT transitions at dipyrimidine sites). However, neither the proportion nor the spectra of exonic PTCH mutations differed significantly among the three groups. A large number of SNPs (IVS10+99C/T, IVS11-51G/C, 1665T/C, 1686C/T, IVS15+9G/C, IVS16-80G/C, IVS17+21G/A, and 3944C/T or its combinations) were also detected, but again their incidence did not differ significantly among the groups. Interestingly, expression of the IVS16-80G/C and the IVS17+21G/A genotype did not achieve the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in patients with regular and/or early-onset BCC. These data suggest that a (UV-) mutated PTCH gene is important for sporadic BCC formation independent of clinical phenotype and that the IVS16-80G/C and/or IVS17+21G/A SNP site might be important for tumorigenesis in certain BCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Heitzer
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Gray SE, Kay E, Leader M, Mabruk M. Analysis of p16 expression and allelic imbalance / loss of heterozygosity of 9p21 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 10:778-88. [PMID: 16989737 PMCID: PMC3933159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 have been reported in different types of malignancies. This chromosomal region contains a number of known tumour suppressor genes, including the p16INK4A (CDKN2A), p15INK4B and MTAP tumour suppressor genes located at 9p21. In this study twenty-two paraffin embedded invasive cutaneous SCC were examined for allelic imbalance/ loss of heterozygosity (AI/LOH) of the 9p region (in particular 9p21), and for p16 protein expression. DNA was isolated from microdissected sections of normal and tumour cells and analysed for AI/LOH by using six fluorescently labelled microsatellite markers that map to the 9p region. P16 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. At each of the six microsatellite markers the majority of SCC analysed showed AI/LOH. Overall both AI/LOH within the CDKN2A locus and absence of p16 protein expression were frequent among the cutaneous SCC analysed, suggesting that p16 inactivation may play a role in cutaneous SCC development. The majority of the SCC analysed also had AI/LOH of the marker within the MTAP gene, and at markers flanking the CDKN2A gene; thus further investigation as to a possible role for these genes in the development of cutaneous SCC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gray
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Elaine Kay
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Leader
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - M Mabruk
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Pathology Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Beaumont HospitalDublin, Ireland
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains MalaysiaPenang, Malaysia
- * Correspondence to: Professor Mohamed MABRUK Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, USM11800, Penang, Malaysia. Tel.: 006046532728 Fax: 006046532724 E-mail:
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18
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Thomas NE, Berwick M, Cordeiro-Stone M. Could BRAF Mutations in Melanocytic Lesions Arise from DNA Damage Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation? J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1693-6. [PMID: 16845408 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although BRAF V600 mutations in melanocytic tumors are not UV-signature mutations, it is plausible that they could still arise from error-prone replication of UV-damaged DNA. We propose a mechanism for their origin, taking into consideration melanocytic-specific BRAF tandem mutations, nearby potential pyrimidine dimer sites, the properties of specialized DNA polymerases, and biological selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Thomas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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19
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Cardoso CAL, Pires AE, Honda NK. A method for quantitative determination of furanocoumarins in capsules and tablets of phytochemical preparations. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:442-7. [PMID: 16595942 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for sample preparation and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) was developed for analysis of psoralen, bergapten and 5-[3-(4,5-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-oxo-2-furanyl)-butoxy]-7H-furo[3-2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one in capsules and tablets employed in Brazil for certain illnesses. The linearity, accuracy, the inter- and intra-day precision of the procedure were evaluated. Analytical curves for furanocoumarins were linear in the range of 1.0-50.0 microg/ml. The recoveries of the furanocoumarins in the products analyzed were 97.3-99.5%, and the percent coefficient of variation for the quantitative analysis of the furanocoumarins in the analyses was under 5%. For inter-equipment study gas chromatography (GC) was employed.
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20
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Tzu J, Mamelak AJ, Sauder DN. Current advancements in the treatment of psoriasis: Immunobiologic agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cair.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Pires AE, Honda NK, Cardoso CAL. A method for fast determination of psoralens in oral solutions of phytomedicines using liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:415-20. [PMID: 15496338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Revised: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A method for sample preparation and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) has been developed for routine analysis of psoralen and bergapten, photosensitizing compounds, in oral solutions of phytomedicines employed in Brazil for some illnesses. The linearity, accuracy, the inter- and intra-day precision of the procedure were evaluated. Calibration curves for psoralen and bergapten were linear in the range of 1.0-600.0 microg ml(-1) and 1.0-400.0 microg ml(-1) respectively. The recoveries of the psoralens in the oral solutions analysed were 94.43-99.97%. The percentage coefficient of variation (CV) of the quantitative analysis of the psoralens in the products analysis was within 5%. In inter-equipment study was employed gas chromatography-flame ionization (CG-FID) detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Elias Pires
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Caixa Postal 649, 79070-900 Campo Grande/MS, Brazil.
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22
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Griffiths CEM, Dubertret L, Ellis CN, Finlay AY, Finzi AF, Ho VC, Johnston A, Katsambas A, Lison AE, Naeyaert JM, Nakagawa H, Paul C, Vanaclocha F. Ciclosporin in psoriasis clinical practice: an international consensus statement. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150 Suppl 67:11-23. [PMID: 15115441 DOI: 10.1111/j.0366-077x.2004.05949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The main recommendations for the use of ciclosporin in the management of psoriasis are: (i) intermittent short courses (average of 12 weeks duration) of ciclosporin are preferable; (ii) ciclosporin should be given in the dose range 2.5-5.0 mg kg(-1) day(-1) (doses greater than 5.0 mg kg(-1) day(-1) should only be given in exceptional circumstances); (iii) treatment regimens should be tailored to the needs of each patient; (iv) selection of patients should take into account psychosocial disability, as well as clinical extent of disease and failure of previous treatment; (v) each patient's renal function (as measured by serum creatinine) should be thoroughly assessed before and during treatment; (vi) each patient's blood pressure should be carefully monitored before and during treatment; (vii) adherence to treatment guidelines substantially reduces the risk of adverse events; (viii) long-term continuous ciclosporin therapy may be appropriate in a subgroup of patients; however, duration of treatment should be kept below 2 years whenever possible; and (ix) when long-term continuous ciclosporin therapy is necessary, annual evaluation of glomerular filtration rate may be useful to accurately monitor renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E M Griffiths
- Skin Research Institute and Dermatology, Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France.
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23
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Matsumura Y, Ananthaswamy HN. Toxic effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 195:298-308. [PMID: 15020192 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2003.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2003] [Accepted: 08/27/2003] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation present in sunlight is an environmental human carcinogen. The toxic effects of UV from natural sunlight and therapeutic artificial lamps are a major concern for human health. The major acute effects of UV irradiation on normal human skin comprise sunburn inflammation (erythema), tanning, and local or systemic immunosuppression. At the molecular level, UV irradiation causes DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4) photoproducts, which are usually repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). Chronic exposure to UV irradiation leads to photoaging, immunosuppression, and ultimately photocarcinogenesis. Photocarcinogenesis involves the accumulation of genetic changes, as well as immune system modulation, and ultimately leads to the development of skin cancers. In the clinic, artificial lamps emitting UVB (280-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm) radiation in combination with chemical drugs are used in the therapy of many skin diseases including psoriasis and vitiligo. Although such therapy is beneficial, it is accompanied with undesirable side effects. Thus, UV radiation is like two sides of the same coin--on one side, it has detrimental effects, and on the other side, it has beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Department of Dermatology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 570-8507, Japan.
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24
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Wolf P, Kreimer-Erlacher H, Seidl H, Bäck B, Soyer HP, Kerl H. The Ultraviolet Fingerprint Dominates the Mutational Spectrum of the p53 and Ha-ras Genes in Psoralen + Ultraviolet A Keratoses from Psoriasis Patients. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:190-200. [PMID: 14962108 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2004.22118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis patients exposed to high cumulative doses of psoralen + ultraviolet A frequently exhibit so-called "psoralen + ultraviolet A keratoses" (i.e., hyperkeratotic lesions with varying degrees of histologic atypia). The exact causes and molecular mechanisms of psoralen + ultraviolet A keratoses however, are not clear. We therefore performed DNA mutational analysis of the tumor suppressor gene p53 (exons in psoralen + ultraviolet A keratoses from 10 long-term psoralen + ultraviolet A-treated psoriasis patients. We detected 39 p53 mutations in 16 of 28 psoralen + ultraviolet A keratoses (57%) and 18 Ha-ras mutations in 11 of 25 psoralen + ultraviolet A keratoses (44%). Of the 39 p53 mutations and 18 Ha-ras mutations, 22 (56%) and 13 (72%), respectively, were of the ultraviolet fingerprint type (C-->T or CC-->TT transitions at dipyrimidine sites); 13 (33%) and two (11%), respectively, occurred at potential psoralen-binding sites (5'-TpA, 5'-TpG, or 5'-TpT DNA sequences) and were potentially psoralen + ultraviolet A induced; two (5%) and three (17%), respectively, were of ambiguous origin (ultraviolet and/or psoralen + ultraviolet A); and two (5%) and none (0%), respectively, were of the "other" type, respectively. We conclude that (1) the frequent mutation of p53 and Ha-ras may play a key part in the formation of at least some psoralen + ultraviolet A keratoses; (2) environmental and/or therapeutic ultraviolet exposure may be a major cause of psoralen + ultraviolet A keratosis as most Ha-ras and p53 mutations are induced by ultraviolet light; and (3) psoralen + ultraviolet A itself plays a smaller, though direct, role in causing these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Department of Photodermatology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
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